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The Geneva Conventions remain an invaluable, universal standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The paper was to present data on organ donation and transplantation from foreigners in Poland. • In Poland, the rules for collecting organs and tissues for transplantation from foreigners who died in Poland and the rules for transplanting organs to foreigners are adopted and applied. • In 2022, 640 potential deceased organ donors were reported to the Polish Transplant Coordinating Center POLTRANSPLANT, out of which 445 became effective donors (70%). Of the total number of reported potential donors, 24 (4%) were foreigners, and from 14 of them (58%), organs had been procured for transplantation. The majority of donors came from Ukraine. • In 2022, a total of 30 foreigners were registered on the National (Polish) Organ Transplant Waiting List. Most of them were Ukrainians. The aim of the work was to present data concerning organ donation from and transplantation to foreigners in Poland. Data came from registries maintained by the Polish Transplant Coordinating Center POLTRANSPLANT, consisting of the national waiting list, deceased donor registry, transplant registry, and live donor registry. In Poland, the rules for organ and tissue procurement for transplantation from foreigners who died in Poland and the rules for transplanting organs to foreigners are adopted and applied. Before the outbreak of the war in Ukraine, "cross-border" cases of donations and transplants were rather sporadic. After the outbreak of the war, due to the mass influx of Ukrainian citizens, the situation changed, and the participation of foreigners (mostly Ukrainians) in transplantation procedures increased significantly and, in 2022, accounted for the total number of events: approximately 4% in the case of donation, slightly over 1% in the case of qualifications for transplantation and almost 2% in the number of transplantations performed. Despite this increase, the number of events is not high or critical and does not affect the efficiency of organ transplantation medicine in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the Ukrainian Revolution of 2013-2014, ten years after it took place. The authors analyze artworks and cultural imaginaries created during and after the revolution to understand its political emergence, solidarity, and collective memory. The articles highlight the relevance of the art of Maidan in understanding democratic emergence and the future of Ukraine and Russia. The authors conducted fieldwork in Kyiv and visited the Maidan Museum and memory sites, as well as meeting artists and scholars involved with Maidan. The artworks offer insight into the Ukrainian people's struggle for self-understanding and their aspirations for the future. [Extracted from the article]

This study explores Ukrainian refugees’ perspectives on and experiences with courses aimed at developing L2 skills and facilitating social integration in Iceland. The theoretical framework draws on tenets of experiential education which emphasise learning through direct experience, active engagement, and reflection. The data originates from group interviews with seven Ukrainian refugees and individual interviews with two teachers of the courses. The findings illustrate a positive interplay between experiential learning, L2 development, and social integration. The refugee students experienced the courses as meaningful, engaging, and creative forms of learning, which contributed significantly to their development of cultural, social, and linguistic knowledge.

Objectives: The aim of our survey is to identify psychological features for the relationship between mental health and hardiness of Ukrainians during the war. Methods: The study involved 608 Ukrainians. We aimed to identify the relationship between mental health and hardiness and determine the differences in the peculiarities of mental health of people with different levels of hardiness. Also we looked for predictors for hardiness. Results: Subjective hardiness was found to be related to specific manifestation of mental health in the Ukrainian population. Strong correlations were revealed for hardiness with adaptation (ρ = 0.818), emotional comfort (ρ = 0.786), internality (ρ = 0.672), self-perception (ρ = 0.656,), escapism (ρ =-0.632) and mental health (ρ = 0.629). A prognostic model based on linear regression analysis identified the main predictors of personal hardiness and confirmed correlational analysis. Mental health (0.341), emotional comfort (ρ = 0.786), and escapism (-0.576) were found to be good predictors. Altogether 40.1% of Ukrainians scored low, 54.6% medium, and 5.3% high on individual hardiness. Conclusion: The study found that about every 4th Ukrainian demonstrates a low level of personal hardiness, which is accompanied by emotional discomfort and lack of internal locus of control, making them more susceptible to stress and illness. Additionally, they tend to distance themselves which significantly exacerbates the situation. It has been found that Ukrainians with low levels of personal hardiness exhibit escapism (with diversion of the mind to imaginative activity), a destructive defense mechanism that not only prevents effective problem solving but also has long-term negative consequences for their overall health. Consequently, especially people with low hardiness should receive specific support to stabilize their mental wellbeing and health overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of the war on higher education and research in Ukraine is devastating. A great many teachers, researchers and students had to flee ruined universities and research centres. Numerous universities worldwide have demonstrated solidarity with Ukrainian refugees. In an effort to develop effective support strategies, this study identifies specifics of migration from Ukraine caused by the war. The questionnaire was developed to conduct a survey among 26 Ukrainian faculties recently employed at the University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow (Poland). Respondents reported great satisfaction with integration strategies based on perfect intra-university collaboration and comprehensive individual approach. Four groups of challenges that can be influenced by an intervention at nation-wide, local and institutional levels were identified and then addressed in terms of empirical considerations, firsthand experience and survey findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vladimir Putin has justified this war on the basis that Russia is threatened by a Nazi regime empowered by NATO who, together, constitute an existential threat to his country. The Independent State of Croatia (NDH) was established in April 1941, a puppet state of Fascist Italy and of Nazi Germany. Keywords: European nationalism; Holocaust; Nazism; Russians; Slavs; Ukraine; war EN European nationalism Holocaust Nazism Russians Slavs Ukraine war 556 562 7 11/02/23 20231101 NES 231101 It is almost a year since the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In his address to the country on the 21st of September last year, for example, Putin reiterated that the purpose of the "special operation" in Ukraine was to 'liberate it from the neo-Nazi regime, which seized power in [...] 2014 as the result of an armed state coup' ([8]). [Extracted from the article]

The Western public has been shocked by the ROC leadership's justification of the war following the 2022 invasion of Ukraine. The ways in which Putin, Dugin and Patriarch Kirill have arrived to "make sense" of the war on Ukraine differ, but the very diversity of their arguments makes the consensus stronger. Rationalizing the war in Ukraine through religion: The Orthodox Church and Russia's imperialist motif (A response to Hans-Herbert Kögler) Hans-Herbert Kögler's essay is an original and illuminating contribution to the discussion on how to ethically approach the Russo-Ukrainian War.[4] In my response, I concentrate on the aspects of Kögler's essay where he emphasizes the necessity of understanding the "rationality" of Russia's actions - as a condition of eventual negotiations and peacemaking. [Extracted from the article]

The purpose of the article is to analyze the status of international migration and identify the problems of its economic and legal regulation in the context of ensuring financial and economic cooperation of countries in the conditions of increasing the influence of military factors. The results of the study prove that military factors have a dominant impact on the intensification of international migration processes. It is established that international migration is considered to be a complex, unpredictable socio-economic phenomenon that is gaining a global scale, covers a large number of countries, is difficult to regulate at the economic and legal level and periodically intensifies under the influence of factors and dangers of an economic, social, political and military nature. The authors prove a significant increase in the volume of international migration under the influence of the war of russia against Ukraine, which intensified as a result of the mass movement of the Ukrainian population outside the country in order to save their lives and health. The significant problems regarding the economic and legal regulation of international migration in the context of ensuring financial and economic cooperation of countries in the conditions of the increasing influence of military factors are identified, which are manifested in the inconsistency of international law with the provisions of national legislation of the countries of the world. It is found that the growth of international migration processes stimulates destructive changes in the international labour market, and causes an increase in unemployment and a decrease in employment rates at the national level. In the article proposes to review the existing mechanisms of legal regulation of international migration and protection of the rights of migrants outside Ukraine, and formulate an international strategy for harmonizing migration policies of different countries of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose is to attempt to analyze the socio-political development and military situation in the Volyn area during the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917--1921. The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific and specifically historical research methods, including problemchronological, synchronous, diachronic, comparative-historical, etc. The scientific novelty. An attempt is made to summarize the events of the Ukrainian revolution on the territory of Volyn in the context of the national and international situation. Conclusions. During 1917--1921, Volyn, like all of Ukraine, experienced revolutionary upheavals. During the time of administration by the Russian Provisional Government, the people of Volyn felt the rise of national consciousness in the general revolutionary wave, formed the structures of the national movement, and undertook the democratization and Ukrainization of social and political life. In November 1917, Volyn, as a part of the Ukrainian People's Republic, almost immediately fell into the vortex of the first Bolshevik-Ukrainian war. Also, the front of World War I ran through the region, which certainly left its mark. The outermost west of Volyn continued to be under the control of the Austrians until November 1918. In 1919, it became one of the epicenters of the Ukrainian Revolution, where significant events took place (including V. Oskilko's coup d'état attempt, O. Volokh's theft of the state treasury, the Liubar Declaration, etc.). Shortly, Volyn became the place of the last chord of the Ukrainian revolution -- the 2nd Winter Campaign of the Ukrainian People's Republic Army. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose is to comprehensively analyze the socio-cultural, educational, and military-political activities of I. Boberskyi, to give an assessment of his place and role in the history of Ukraine. The methodology is based on the principles of scientificity, historicism, systematicity, and verification. Biographical, problem-chronological, and retrospective methods, prosopographic approaches and methods developed by special (auxiliary) historical disciplines: genealogy, sphragistics, phaleristics, vexillology, etc., are used. The scientific novelty consists in determining the role of I. Boberskyi in social and cultural processes in Halychyna and the diaspora, highlighting his military-political and state-building activities. Conclusions. Five periods can be distinguished in the life of I. Boberskyi: 1) 1873--1901 -- childhood and youth years, gymnasium studies (1884--1891), obtaining higher education at the universities of Lviv and Graz (1891--1899), the first two years of teaching work at the Lviv (1899-- 1900) and Drohobych (1900--1901) Gymnasium; the formation of worldview landmarks; a turning point in I. Boberskyi's life -- his move to Lviv; 2) 1901--1914 -- teacher, social and cultural figure in Lviv and Halychyna; 3) 1914--1923 -- military-political and statebuilding activities of I. Boberskyi in Ukrainian Combat Command (since 1917 -- Central Command) of Legion of Ukrainian Sich Riflemen, Supreme Ukrainian Council, General Ukrainian Council, State Secretariat of Military Aff airs West Ukrainian People's Republic, WUPR Representations in the USA and Canada; 4) 1924--1932 -- socio-cultural and political activity in Canada; 5) 1932--1947 -- living in Tržič in Yugoslavia, where I. Boberskyi, as in the previous period, worked in the social and cultural direction, devoting a lot of time to organizing his archive and book collection and writing memoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim is to continue the reconstruction of the socio-political context of the incipience and activity of the Shevchenko Scientific Society in the late 19th -- first third of the 20th centuries, which was directly or indirectly written about by its contemporary members, modern scholars, and members of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. The actuality is substantiated by the state of the present-day historiography of this matter, in which the socio-political aspect of the activity of the Shevchenko Scientific Society is insufficiently outlined, primarily during the interwar period. The author considered it necessary to continue asserting the opinion that a scientist has no right to stand aside from socio-political and military events in Ukraine and the world, especially now, during the latest Russo-Ukrainian war. The importance of covering the socio-political context of the activity of the abovementioned society actualizes the commemoration of the 150th anniversary of its foundation. The theoretical and methodological background has been built upon the principles of historicism, multi-dimensionality, consistency, impartiality, and comprehensiveness. It facilitated the overcoming of certain historical clichés about the impossibility of combining unbiased scientific research and socio-political activity by any individual. The scientific novelty lies in the coverage of socio-political challenges that were actualized/solved by the members of the Shevchenko Scientific Society in their scientific, political, and professional activities in the times of Austro-Hungarian Empire, Ukrainian People's Republic, and interwar Poland. Conclusions. Socio-political activity of the members of the Shevchenko Scientific So ciety, especially representatives of the socio-humanitarian studies, has become an important factor in shaping political culture, historical and cultural memory, a means of national and political mobilization for the development of the Ukrainian Piemonte and the integration of the population of diff erent lands into the all-Ukrainian national space. The prospects for further studies. There is a need to compile bibliographical indexes about prominent figures of the Shevchenko Scientific Society, as well as collections of documents and materials on the history of the society, its sections and commissions, and to digitize the most important collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose is to highlight the circumstances of the uprise and organizational evolution of the Shevchenko Society, the development of its book culture and educational activities in 1873--1892, to show the place of the society in public life and in the national cultural and historical memory of Ukrainians. Methodology is based on methods of scientific analysis and synthesis, systematic examination of social structures in synchrony and diachrony, historical-typological and comparative methods, methods of intellectual history and history of ideas, studies of historical and cultural memory, and bibliographic methods. The main results. Based on the analysis of cultural memory and book culture, the origin of the idea of society is analyzed, the intellectual environment in which it arose is shown, and the main tasks and publications in 1873--1892 are demonstrated. The birth of the Shevchenko Society in 1873 and its subsequent transformation into the Shevchenko Scientific Society in 1892 were Transdnipro cultural impulses. Its basis was the desire of public figures of Central and Eastern Ukraine to develop the Ukrainian project in Halychyna against the background of oppression in the Russian Empire. In the first stage (particularly in the 1870s), the new society faced financial difficulties and was closed and elitist. However, the 1880s became the stage of the expansion of his social influence, the transition from literary-scientific-popularization syncretism to the separation of science, popularization, and artistic culture. The printing house of the Shevchenko Society was a driving force for the spread of Ukrainophilism and the displacement of Russophile ideology in Halychyna. This means that the Shevchenko Scientific Society became a new, changed form of the Shevchenko Literary Society. In the conditions of Halychyna, it embodied the ideology of the university and the academy at the same time. From the very foundation, the Shevchenko Society spread and strengthened the ideology of the unity of the Ukrainian lands and was a center of enlightenment. Prospects for further research consist of a deeper comparison of the activities of the Shevchenko Literary Society and the Shevchenko Scientific Society against the background of the cultural transformations of Halychyna and Ukraine in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose is to highlight the circumstances of the uprise and organizational evolution of the Shevchenko Society, the development of its book culture and educational activities in 1873-- 1892, to show the place of the society in public life and in the national cultural and historical memory of Ukrainians. Methodology is based on methods of scientific analysis and synthesis, systematic examination of social structures in synchrony and diachrony, historical-typological and comparative methods, methods of intellectual history and history of ideas, studies of historical and cultural memory, and bibliographic methods. The main results. Based on the analysis of cultural memory and book culture, the origin of the idea of society is analyzed, the intellectual environment in which it arose is shown, and the main tasks and publications in 1873--1892 are demonstrated. The birth of the Shevchenko Society in 1873 and its subsequent transformation into the Shevchenko Scientific Society in 1892 were Transdnipro cultural impulses. Its basis was the desire of public figures of Central and Eastern Ukraine to develop the Ukrainian project in Halychyna against the background of oppression in the Russian Empire. In the first stage (particularly in the 1870s), the new society faced financial difficulties and was closed and elitist. However, the 1880s became the stage of the expansion of his social influence, the transition from literary-scientific-popularization syncretism to the separation of science, popularization, and artistic culture. The printing house of the Shevchenko Society was a driving force for the spread of Ukrainophilism and the displacement of Russophile ideology in Halychyna. This means that the Shevchenko Scientific Society became a new, changed form of the Shevchenko Literary Society. In the conditions of Halychyna, it embodied the ideology of the university and the academy at the same time. From the very foundation, the Shevchenko Society spread and strengthened the ideology of the unity of the Ukrainian lands and was a center of enlightenment. Prospects for further research consist of a deeper comparison of the activities of the Shevchenko Literary Society and the Shevchenko Scientific Society against the background of the cultural transformations of Halychyna and Ukraine in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose is to analyze the humanitarian dimension of the EU's solidarity with Ukraine and to highlight the importance of the concept and the main mechanisms of humanitarian support of Ukraine in the countering of full-scale Russian armed aggression. The research methodology is based on interdisciplinary tools and systemic and synergistic approaches, which deepen the analysis of EU policy towards Ukraine in the fight against Russian armed aggression, the study of solidarity as a constant functional system of relations between EU member states, EU institutions, European citizens, and Ukraine. The content analysis of EU documents provides grounds for distinguishing between the "humanitarian aid" and "humanitarian support" concepts. The comparative method and the statistical analysis of the open sources make it possible to study the dynamics of migration flows from Ukraine and the mass internal movements of people in Ukraine, which determine the need for humanitarian aid and the mechanisms of EU solidarity with Ukraine. The scientific novelty consists in the distinction between the "humanitarian aid" and "humanitarian support" concepts and the identification of the main mechanisms of humanitarian support as an important component of the EU's international solidarity with Ukraine to preserve the national resilience of the state and society in the fight against the armed aggression. Conclusions. Russia's full-scale war against Ukraine has become a strategic geopolitical threat to the entire civilized world, causing a global shift in European and international security. Since its beginning, the EU and its Member States have mobilized significant resources to support Ukraine in overcoming the humanitarian crisis. The European Union has provided and continues to provide Ukraine not only with emergency and humanitarian aid but also with political, economic, and financial support, which has a humanitarian dimension and is aimed at the institutional resilience and capacity of the state, the social protection of Ukrainian citizens both within the state and those who have found shelter in EU countries. Humanitarian support has increased since Ukraine was granted candidate status for EU membership. Humanitarian support comprises emergency and humanitarian aid for Ukraine's citizens and state, as well as technical, macro-financial, and budgetary aid, grants, loans, and guarantees from EU member states, and current EU initiatives designed to back social welfare, education, healthcare, state institutions, and civil society. Humanitarian aid to Ukraine is coordinated through the EU Civil Protection Mechanism, of which full member Ukraine became in April 2023. The means for providing humanitarian support to Ukrainian citizens on the territory of EU Member States is the unprecedented EU Temporary Protection mechanism. Since the beginning of the full-scale Russian invasion, the EU and its Member States have provided Ukraine with more than € 38.8 billion in humanitarian. The prospects for further studies are determined by the relevance of researching the mechanisms of EU solidarity with Ukraine in its various dimensions and manifestations, the Brussels policy towards Ukraine in countering Russian armed aggression for the sake of Ukraine's victory, and the construction of a new architecture of European security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: After Russian invasion many Ukrainians fled to European countries including Germany. In this context, the German health care system faced challenges delivering dental care to a displaced population. Recently surfaced obstacles as well as different cultural and medical traits need to be considered in order to deliver appropriate medical care. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral health and hygiene of Ukrainian refugees, identify barriers accessing dental health care and explore the relation to their mental health state. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-assessment questionnaire, distributed via non-probability snowball sampling method among war-affected Ukrainians, who fled to Germany. The online form was distributed via web-based platforms, the printed version was hand-delivered across diverse local venues. Chi-Square Tests, T-Tests and Mann-Whitney-U Tests were performed. Analysis of variance and Spearman correlation coefficient analysis were also conducted. Results: From 819 completed questionnaires, 724 questionnaires were included in the analysis with 78 males (10.8%) and 640 females (88.6%) and a mean age of 37.5 years (SD = 10.5). The majority of participants rated their state of teeth (77%) and gums (81%) as average or better. The main problems, caused by state of their teeth, were: "Have avoided smiling because of teeth" (23.6%) or "Felt embarrassed due to appearance of teeth" (22.2%). The most frequent limiting factors to access dental care were finances (82.6%), language (82.2%) and complicated health care system (74.1%). 45.8% of the participants scored 10 or more in the Patient Health Questionnaire and 37.4% in the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, respectively. These participants were more likely to report pain, poor state of teeth and gums and to fail a dental consultation. Overall, 59.6% participants reported not consulting a dentist, when needed. Failed consultations were associated with a poorer reported state of teeth and gums. Conclusions: Ukrainian refugees reported barriers accessing dental health care in Germany. It is important to improve oral health literacy and dental services for displaced people and provide help and guidance in seeking dental care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigration has played a significant role in human history as people move to new places for economic opportunities, religious freedom, and political refuge. However, asylum seekers are often viewed negatively and falsely portrayed in media, leading to fear and distrust among locals. In the current research, participants read a fictitious news article about an asylum seeker's (Syrian, Ukrainian, or Yemeni) motivation for seeking asylum (seeking safety, seeking financial betterment from a position of relative financial hardship, or seeking financial betterment from a position of extreme financial hardship). Participants then reported their willingness to help that asylum seeker, and their prejudice and empathy toward both that asylum seeker and their group as a whole (e.g., Syrian refugees). Results showed that people were more willing to help asylum seekers whose motivation for seeking asylum was grounded in safety concerns rather than moderate financial concerns (studies 1, 2, and 3). Participants also reported more willingness to help the asylum seeker's group as a whole if the individual asylum seeker's motivation was described as seeking safety rather than financial betterment. Further, describing financial concerns as so severe that they endangered survival generated more willingness to help than moderate financial concerns, demonstrating that severe enough financial concerns may be perceived as safety concerns (study 3). We also found that people were more willing to help Ukrainian refugees than Syrian refugees. Altogether, these findings have both theoretical and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the relationship between coping styles and ICD-11 PTSD and Complex PTSD in a large sample of Ukrainian Internally Displaced Persons. Data were collected in 2016 using self-report measures from all Ukrainian oblasts not occupied by Russian forces. In total, 13.1% of people met diagnostic requirements for Complex PTSD, and 7.8% for PTSD. Higher levels of avoidant coping were evident in those meeting diagnostic requirements for PTSD and Complex PTSD compared to those not meeting requirements for either. Mental health interventions targeting avoidant coping might be particularly useful in reducing the burden of traumatic stress among war-affected Ukrainians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eight million Ukrainians have taken refuge in the European Union. Many have asthma and/or allergic rhinitis and/or urticaria, and around 100,000 may have a severe disease. Cultural and language barriers are a major obstacle to appropriate management. Two widely available mHealth apps, MASK‐air® (Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK) for the management of rhinitis and asthma and CRUSE® (Chronic Urticaria Self Evaluation) for patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria, were updated to include Ukrainian versions that make the documented information available to treating physicians in their own language. The Ukrainian patients fill in the questionnaires and daily symptom‐medication scores for asthma, rhinitis (MASK‐air) or urticaria (CRUSE) in Ukrainian. Then, following the GDPR, patients grant their physician access to the app by scanning a QR code displayed on the physician's computer enabling the physician to read the app contents in his/her own language. This service is available freely. It takes less than a minute to show patient data to the physician in the physician's web browser. UCRAID—developed by ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) and UCARE (Urticaria Centers of Reference and Excellence)—is under the auspices of the Ukraine Ministry of Health as well as European (European Academy of Allergy and Clinical immunology, EAACI, European Respiratory Society, ERS, European Society of Dermatologic Research, ESDR) and national societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to evaluate the importance and relevance of fundamental values, beliefs to Ukrainian citizens in the context of full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The research assessed the worldviews and beliefs of respondents that have changed in Ukraine regarding the European Union's values commitment. An online survey of Ukrainians' worldviews of European values perceptions was conducted for Ukrainian citizens in all regions in 2022. The assessment of Ukrainian citizens' values shows the growing tendency of Ukrainian citizens to adhere to the European Union values. The study demonstrates dissatisfaction of citizens with the pace of Ukrainian integration into the European Union. Economic values estimations show the dissatisfaction with fiscal freedom and tax burden in Ukraine. The study's findings prove how important it is to implement political and legal changes to build a civil society, democratic institutions, and a state that protects property rights and the rule of law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the functioning of the war-time Ukrainian humorous discourse in general and the cognitive mechanisms of humor, including the "Availability Heuristic" cognitive pattern in particular. The study aims to examine 12 Ukrainian war-time jokes and to reveal main cognitive patterns and accompanying stylistic figures producing the comic effect. All jokes manifest the application of the "Availability heuristic" cognitive pattern inherent to the war period when old pre-war realities are changed with new war-time realities and explained in a funny way. The study addresses some cognitive and pragmatic aspects of the war-time Ukrainian humor, focusing on the role of cognitive patterns in selecting stylistic humor devices, while processing the incoming information and shaping the cognitive frameworks of humor perception and creation. The paper reveals the main cognitive patterns, including the "Availability Heuristic," the "Distinct contrast," the "Negativity Thinking," the "Superiority or Illusionary Superiority," the "Easel," and their humorous actualization through such stylistic figures as paraprosdokian, irony, bathos, double entendre, pun, metaphor, and pastiche in its narrow meaning. The researched Ukrainian jokes are interwoven with the situational context of the dramatic events within the temporality of the speedy streaming news of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The paper explores the main pragmatic functions of Ukrainian war-time humorous discourse and makes additional remarks about a number of affirmations from some humor theories. Plain Language Summary: Cognitive patterns of Ukrainian wartime humor The article analyses cognitive, pragmatic and stylistic features of war-time Ukrainian Humorous discourse in general and the "Availability Heuristic" cognitive pattern in particular. The purpose of the research is to determine the role of this cognitive pattern in the creation of the comic effect in war-time verbal humor in Ukraine. The paper presents the results of the cognitive, pragmatic and stylistic analyses of twelve war-time Ukrainian jokes. The study determined that twelve researched jokes apply the "Availability Heuristic" cognitive pattern, which is characterized by solution search through pursuing fresh experience or information reflecting recent war events. It is accompanied by the "Distinct contrast" cognitive pattern, both of which are the manifestations of the incongruity mechanism. Besides, it is used together with the "Negativity Thinking" pattern, focusing on negative intensions, the cognitive "Easel" pattern, responsible for the dominance of visual pictures and images, and the cognitive pattern of "Superiority or Illusionary Superiority." All cognitive patterns have sets of stylistic figures standing behind it. In the researched jokes, the cognitive patterns are exhibited through paraprosdokian, irony, bathos, allusions, double entendre, puns, metaphors, pastiche in narrow meaning. The analyzed Ukrainian jokes are interwoven with the situational context of the dramatic events within a temporality of the speedy streaming news of the Russian-Ukrainian war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The war that Russia started against Ukraine in 2022 shook the whole world. However, it is worth noting that the conflict has been going on since 2014, when Russia annexed Crimea and supported terrorist groups in eastern Ukraine. The study of the Russian- Ukrainian conflict is relevant for several reasons. Firstly, it is an acute political problem that affects the state of affairs in the region and relations between the two states. It not only threatens the stability in Europe, but also threatens to destroy the entire modern system of international law. Secondly, the Russian-Ukrainian conflict has deep historical roots that need to be understood in order to find ways to resolve it. Studying the history and culture of these two nations, as well as their relationship, can help us understand the causes of the conflict and how to hold Russia accountable. Thirdly, the Russian-Ukrainian conflict is an example of the relationship between two states with different political, economic, and cultural systems. The study of the conflict can help to better understand these systems and their interactions. The study of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict is a relevant and important task for politicians, scholars, and the public, as it can help find ways to achieve Ukraine's victory, punish Russia, establish stability in the region, and prevent future conflicts. The purpose of the article is to analyze the historical retrospective of the development of Russian-Ukrainian relations and Russia's oppression of the Ukrainian people. In addition, the author examines the current preconditions of the conflict. The article also reveals the reaction of the international community to the current conflict and all the illegal acts committed by Russia. The article also aims to suggest ways to overcome the civilizational conflict between the countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes descriptions of Ukrainian refugees in the aftermath of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Findings of previous research on news media descriptions of refugees point to problematic descriptions of refugees that downgrade their deservingness of refuge and treat refugee status as an inherent feature of fleeing individuals instead of as contingent on external circumstances. However, there is a widespread perception that Ukrainian refugees are being reported on in a more positive light. We therefore examine how news media describe these refugees. Our corpus includes English media news coverage from February 25, 2022, to March 25, 2022, the initial period of the invasion. A discursive psychological analysis of news interactions where hosts elicit information from correspondents about current ongoings with Ukrainian refugees shows that Ukrainian refugees are constructed as vulnerable, and their actions are treated as reasonable given the situation. These descriptions construct Ukrainian refugees as those who are only contingently refugees and legitimate help‐giving by other parties. Our findings, therefore, highlight distinct, previously unanalyzed ways that refugees are constructed: contingent refugees. We discuss implications of our findings for understanding refugee inclusion and exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and moral injury among civilians affected by armed conflicts is generally understudied, even less research exists on civilian populations during an active war. This paper reports a large-scale study that administered standard assessments of PTSD and moral injury severity, as well as rich demographic questionnaires, to nearly 1300 Ukrainian civilians during the ongoing Russian invasion. Analyses revealed an extremely high prevalence of severe PTSD symptoms and moral injury, relative to both proposed clinical cut-offs and to earlier measurements from a similar population. Further regression analyses identified risk factors and protective factors. Greater severity of PTSD symptoms was observed among women, older and forcibly displaced individuals, and individuals from geographic regions under Russian occupation. Higher education correlated with milder PTSD symptoms. Moral injury was particularly strong in younger individuals. The present study is one of the first to report a large scale set of psychological data collected from the civilian population of Ukraine during the ongoing Russian invasion. It is obvious from the scope and long-term nature of the atrocities that psychological treatment of the civilian population will be required both presently, while the hostilities are ongoing, and in the future. This data contributes to a detailed understanding of the psychological response to traumatic stress, including its overall prevalence and presence in specific demographically and geographically defined civilian groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The Russian invasion of Ukraine caused millions of Ukrainian refugees to flee to other nations. To provide the most appropriate assistance, host nations necessitate up-to-date information regarding Ukrainian refugee's demographic and epidemiological conditions. We aim to investigate the demographic composition, the COVID-19 vaccinations performed, specialist care provided and the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in refugees assisted by an Italian Local Health Authority (LHA). Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis from March to June 2022, analyzing the demographic and epidemiological status of Ukrainians. Statistical analyses were carried out to assess possible associations between NCDs distribution, age and gender. Results LHA Roma 1 assisted 9349 Ukrainian refugees. Of these, 2784 (29.8%) were males and 6565 (70.2%) were females, with a median age of 25 years. Two thousand four hundred and eighty-five Ukrainian refugees were vaccinated against COVID-19. Among them, 401 (16.1%) had at least one NCD. The most frequent groups of diseases were related to the circulatory system (50.6%), the endocrine system (24.9%), and mental and behavioral disorders (6.5%). Conclusion Refugees need healthcare services targeted mainly towards minors and females. It is essential to analyze and monitor the demographic and epidemiological conditions to provide evidence about patient management and the best care integrated into the health service of host countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In general, the situation that has developed in Ukraine on the border with the European Union shows that despite the long history of the UN and the agreement of states to resolve all conflicts through negotiations, the prohibition of the use of force and threat of force, respect for the independence of other states, there are still terrorist states in the world that do not recognize and violate international law. Thus, the states that follow the norms and principles of international law, respect the key European values, support and protect human rights and peace on the continent must unite to overcome armed aggression. That is why the granting of temporary protection to Ukrainian citizens is an important issue, as it is one of the EU's significant contributions to the protection of the identity of the Ukrainian people, who are fighting for their independence. The purpose of the article was to study the peculiarities of obtaining temporary protection in the EU, to compare it with refugee status, to analyse the approaches to this procedure in individual states, as well as to determine the impact of obtaining the relevant status on the realization of the fundamental right to work. The main method used for the research is the method of analysis and synthesis. Its application provided reliable results in many areas of research. First of all, this method was applied in the analysis of EU and international law in the context of granting refugee status and temporary protection. Also, the method of analysis and synthesis was used by the author in the study of the peculiarities of temporary protection in individual Member States. Finally, the author used this method to analyse the problems currently faced by Ukrainian citizens and their possible solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, Ukrainians did not crumble under the unprecedented attack but showed steely resolve to fight for independence and the right to decide their own fate. In the Western media and scholarly analysis, the Ukrainian resilience is often associated with the leadership of the state, in particular President Zelensky. This article offers a different take on the issue of resilience in war and looks at the value foundations of Ukrainian identity, the decentralized nature of Ukrainian society and the vision of a better future as part of the Euro-Atlantic community to better understand Ukraine's agency in response to Russia's invasion. It draws on the original data, collected from interviews of three categories of Ukrainians, affected by the war: refugees, internally displaced people, and those living close to the frontlines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Luridica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. The research deals with the provision of calcium, magnesium and zinc in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The purpose was to investigate the serum content of calcium, magnesium and zinc in patients with type 2 DM. Materials and methods. The open-label controlled study included 27 patients with T2DM. The control group consisted of 12 people without endocrine and somatic diseases. 70 % of patients had newly diagnosed DM; in others, the disease duration was up to 5 years. Most of the examined were of mature age, on average 61.83 ± 5.52 years for patients and 55.25 ± 5.52 years for controls. In the group with T2DM, women accounted for 62.96 %, among controls — 63.64 %. Anthropometric measurements and glucose indicators were determined according to a standard procedure. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, zinc in serum were evaluated by atomic optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (PerkinElmer Optima 2100 DV ICP-OES, USA) according to the original procedure approved by the Kundiiev Institute of Occupational Health of the NAMS of Ukraine. Results. The level of fasting blood sugar ranged from 7.1 to 17.2 mmol/l and indicated the presence of T2DM, glycated hemoglobin was from 7.1 to 11.2 %. According to anthropometric data, the group of patients almost completely corresponded to the control group. Although a slight increase in body weight and waist circumference was registered already at the stage of initial diabetes, the level of triglycerides increased significantly, and the level of high-density lipoprotein decreased. A significant reduction in the levels of calcium and magnesium in the blood serum of patients with T2DM was found. The zinc content was at the level of the lower edge of the reference value in 44 % of patients, in the control group — only in 16.6 % of cases. There were no significant differences in this indicator in the observation groups. A high correlation was found between the studied parameters in the blood, as well as an inverse correlation between the fasting glucose level and the content of calcium and magnesium. Conclusions. A significant decrease in the level of calcium and magnesium in the blood of Ukrainian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was found. There is a high correlation between serum calcium, magnesium and zinc levels in patients with T2DM. Significant risks of diabetes were revealed when the serum concentration of calcium and magnesium decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large-scale Russian military invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 led to a significant increase in the indicators of migration flows of the Ukrainian population, the absolute values of which increased by 10 or more times compared to previous periods. The authors evaluated the dynamics of indicators of population migration in the state, both internal and external, and found a number of similarities and differences between subsequent migration waves. Based on the study, the indicators of migration flows were grouped into three waves disaggregated by time. The first group is from the obtaining the country's independence to the first stage of the military invasion of Ukraine, as a period of peace in the state (1991-2014). The second one begins with Russian aggression (2014-2022) and the third group is a large-scale invasion of the Russian army into Ukraine (from 2022). The use of statistical and economic methods (scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, descriptive statistics' methods, econometric modelling, regression point and interval estimates) and SWOT analysis provided a basis for determining a number of challenges, threats and opportunities for the countries of origin and destination regarding the prospects for the development of migration processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of Social Sciences / Roczniki Nauk Społecznych is the property of Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL & Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Horyzonty Wychowania is the property of Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study's relevance is due to the association between mental disorders and environmental instability. A frequent consequence of stress is post-traumatic disorder, which can significantly affect the personality and disrupt adaptation, causing subjective suffering. The purpose of the article is to update information on the structure and dynamics of socio-psychological features of affective personality disorders in the crisis period of life in the Ukrainian population associated with the war. The article uses the following methods: clinical and psychological, psychometric, and statistical (in particular, descriptive statistics) methods. The results of the study demonstrate various course of bipolar affective disorders of the continuum type with the transformation of their dynamics. The study showed a significant increase in the negative symptoms of affective disorders under the influence of stress. The researchers demonstrated the severity of both depressive and manic phases of affective disorders under the impact of stress factors. The results indicate an exacerbation of the course of affective disorders in people under difficult life circumstances. The findings have theoretical significance and are promising for further research on typologisation, classification and identifying clinical and biological manifestations to represent the specifics of pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text is a review of a book titled "Law on Assistance to Citizens of Ukraine in Connection with the Armed Conflict on the Territory of that State. Commentary." The book provides a comprehensive analysis of the law enacted in Poland to assist Ukrainian citizens affected by the armed conflict. It covers various topics such as residence legalization, access to the labor market, social benefits, healthcare, education, and legal assistance. The review praises the book for its thoroughness, practicality, and clear language, making it a valuable resource for lawyers, government officials, and entrepreneurs navigating the new situation. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of KUL Journal of Legal Studies / Studia Prawnicze KUL is the property of John Paul II Catholic University of Lubin / Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of KUL Journal of Legal Studies / Studia Prawnicze KUL is the property of John Paul II Catholic University of Lubin / Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuestiones Políticas is the property of Revista Cuestiones Politicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)