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T. santaeritae FMNH 58577 (X-ray) Holotype; MNRJ 14380 (3 ex. 1 C&S), Published as part of Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki, 2004, New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio S��o Francisco basin, Brazil., pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 592 on page 10

Trichomycterus Valenciennes is the most speciose genus of the Trichomycteridae, with over a hundred valid and many undescribed species (de Pinna, 1998). Despite the broad distribution of the genus, most species have limited distributions, and usually are restricted to only one river (Eigenmann, 1918). Although evidence of new species is abundant (Costa, 1992; Barbosa & Costa, 2003; de Pinna, 1992; Trajano & de Pinna, 1996), many can not be formally described because of the systematic problems within Trichomycterus (e. g., poorly diagnosed species), and because it is the only genus not supported by any synapomorphy (de Pinna, 1989). Among those problems, the older original descriptions, based only on external morphology of few specimens, are among the biggest obstacles in the knowledge of the real diversity (de Pinna, 1998; Trajano & de Pinna, 1996). The consequence is that only very distinctive species could be easily described in recent years. The new species herein described is one of these species, even though it is the largest species of southeastern Brazil and has a distinctive color pattern., Published as part of Sergio M. Q. Lima & Wilson J. E. M. Costa, 2004, Trichomycterus giganteus (Siluriformes: Loricarioidea: Trichomycteridae): a new catfish from the Rio Guandu basin, southeastern Brazil., pp. 1-6 in Zootaxa 761 on pages 1-2

T. rivulatus CAS 58092 (2 ex.); CAS 58093 (3 ex.); ROM 40769 (1 ex.), Published as part of Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki, 2004, New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio S��o Francisco basin, Brazil., pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 592 on page 10

[[Genus Trichomycterus]] Trichomycterus Valenciennes is a specious assemblage of catfishes inhabiting mountain rivers of South America and southern Central America, each species usually endemic to a single river basin (Eigenmann, 1918). About 60 nominal species are endemic to the river basins draining the Andes and hills of the Guianan Shield, and about 30 species are endemic to river basins draining the Brazilian Shield. However, it is not known if the whole genus Trichomycterus is a monophyletic lineage, or even if species of each region form a clade. Trichomycterus is still poorly known in the Brazilian Shield river basins, with many undescribed species. Most described species of this region are endemic to the Rio Paraíba do Sul basin (Costa, 1982), but many areas are still insufficiently sampled. For example, only one species, Trichomycterus longibarbatus Costa, is known to occur in the vast area occupied by numerous isolated river basins between the Rio Paraíba do Sul and Rio Doce basins, southeastern Brazil. However, recent collections in this area revealed several new species of Trichomycterus, of which two species exhibiting very distinctive color patterns are herein described.

T. zonatus FMNH 58572 (1 ex. R-ray) Paratype; FMNH 58573 (X-ray) Holotype; FMNH 58574 (2 ex. 1X-ray) Paratypes; MZUSP 67913 (6 ex. C&S), Published as part of Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki, 2004, New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio S��o Francisco basin, Brazil., pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 592 on page 10

T. punctulatus piurae CAS 58119, Holotype; CAS 58120 (14 ex.) Paratypes; FMNH 77904 (5 ex. 2 X-ray) Paratypes; FMNH 58672 (3 ex. 2 X-ray) Paratypes, Published as part of Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki, 2004, New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio S��o Francisco basin, Brazil., pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 592 on page 10

T. proops MNRJ 781 (3 ex.) Syntypes, Published as part of Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki, 2004, New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio S��o Francisco basin, Brazil., pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 592 on page 10

T. emanueli (CAS 147810), Published as part of Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki, 2004, New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio S��o Francisco basin, Brazil., pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 592 on page 9

T. pardus ROM 51717 (3 ex.), Published as part of Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki, 2004, New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio S��o Francisco basin, Brazil., pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 592 on page 10

Trichomycterus caudofasciatus new species (Fig. 2) Holotype. UFRJ 6002, 48.5 mm SL; Brazil: Estado de Minas Gerais: Munic��pio de Alto Capara��, Rio Capara��, Rio Itabapoana basin, Alto Capara��, 20 �� 25 ��� 53.9 ���S 41 �� 51 ��� 56.8 ���W, altitude 1047 m; W. J. E. M. Costa, B. B. Costa and C. P. Bove, 23 December 2002. Paratypes. Brazil: Estado de Minas Gerais: Rio Itabapoana basin: MCP 35030, 2 ex., 39.4 ���40.0 mm SL; UFRJ 5655, 10 ex., 36.2 ���41,9 mm SL; UFRJ 5656, 5 ex. (c&s), 34.5��� 48.8 mm SL; collected with holotype. UFRJ 5657, 10 ex., 29.6���42.5 mm SL; Cachoeira do Chiador, Rio S��o Domingos, about 17 km N from Espera Feliz, 20 �� 33 ��� 24.8 ���S 41 �� 51 ��� 26.9 ���W, altitude 957 m; W. J. E. M. Costa, B. B. Costa and C. P. Bove, 23 December 2002. UFRJ 4070, 5 ex., 26.7���52.9 mm SL; waterfall in Rio S��o Domingos, about 3 km from Para��so, near Espera Feliz; F. Pupo, 2 February. 1997. Diagnosis: Similar to T. alternatus, T. longibarbatus and T. pantherinus and distinguished from all other species of the genus by the combination of the following features: 7���8 pectoral��fin rays, long filamentous first pectoral��fin ray (about 50���70 % pectoral��fin length), 10���20 opercular odontodes, 30���52 interopercular odontodes, opercular patch of odontodes wide, and 6���7 branchiostegal rays. It is easily distinguished from T. alternatus, T. longibarbatus and T. pantherinus by having a single median last supraorbital pore (vs. paired pore). Distinguished from all other species of Trichomycterus from the Brazilian Shield river basins by a unique color pattern, consisting of four gray bars on the caudal fin. Description: Morphometric data for holotype and paratypes given in Table 2. Body moderately deep, subcylindrical on anterior portion, compressed on caudal peduncle. Dorsal profile gently convex between snout and end of dorsal��fin base, straight to slightly convex on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile straight to slightly convex between lower jaw and end of anal��fin base, straight on caudal peduncle. Greatest body depth in vertical immediately in front of pelvic��fin origin. Skin papillae minute. TABLE 2. Morphometric data of Trichomycterus caudofasciatus. H: holotype. H Paratypes (UFRJ 5655, 5657) Standard length (mm) 48.8 34.4 37.3 44.1 40.9 41.8 41.9 53.8 51.4 42.5 41.1 37.2 35.3 Percents of standard length Body depth 14.8 14.0 14.9 15.5 15.8 13.8 14.8 13.7 14.0 14.6 15.4 13.9 13.7 Caudal peduncle depth 10.4 9.4 9.8 10.3 10.4 9.4 10.9 8.9 10.4 9.8 10.2 9.9 8.7 Body width 9.4 7.8 9.9 9.9 9.7 9.0 10.6 8.6 8.7 9.1 10.2 7.9 8.3 Caudal peduncle width 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.3 Dorsal��fin base length 9.5 10.9 9.2 10.1 10.3 9.2 11.3 10.3 10.9 13.1 11.6 11.6 11.6 Anal��fin base length 6.8 8.3 8.8 7.6 7.7 8.0 7.5 8.8 9.0 7.7 7.2 7.6 7.7 Pelvic��fin length 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.1 10.5 9.7 10.7 9.8 10.1 10.2 11.1 11.6 10.4 Distance between pelvic��fin 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.9 bases Pectoral��fin length 15.3 16.4 17.1 14.7 14.5 14.5 14.3 15.1 14.2 14.0 17.3 14.9 17.0 Predorsal length 60.0 58.6 60.5 58.2 56.6 58.6 57.7 58.7 57.5 59.2 59.3 57.5 58.1 Prepelvic length 53.1 53.6 54.3 54.7 52.8 54.2 52.0 53.8 52.5 54.6 54.6 53.2 54.7 Head length 21.1 21.0 22.0 21.3 22.7 21.3 20.3 20.4 20.2 22.4 20.7 20.9 22.4 Percents of head Dorsal and anal��fins subtriangular. Dorsal��fin origin at vertical through centrum of 17 th vertebra. Anal��fin origin at vertical through base of 8 th or 9 th dorsal��fin ray and through centrum of 21 st or 22 nd vertebra. Pectoral fin about triangular, lateral and posterior edges slightly convex. First pectoral��fin ray terminating in long filament, about 50 % of pectoral��fin length. Pelvic��fin shorter than anal��fin, covering urogenital pore, tip not reaching anal fin, in vertical through base of 1 st branched dorsal��fin ray; pelvic��fin bases separated by interspace; pelvic��fin origin in vertical through centrum of 14 th or 15 th vertebra. Urogenital papilla spherical, in vertical through anterior third of dorsal��fin base. Caudal fin truncate. Dorsal��fin rays 10���11; anal��fin rays 9; pectoral��fin rays 8; pelvic��fin rays 5; caudal��fin principal rays 13, dorsal procurrent rays 16���18, ventral procurrent rays 12��� 14. Total vertebrae 35���37; pleural ribs 9���11. Two upper hypurals, sometimes ankylosed; single lower hypural plate and parhypural completely fused. Upper hypural plates separated, both approximately equal in width; single lower hypural plate and parahypural completely fused. Head subtriangular in dorsal view. Snout blunt. Mouth subventral. Maxilla slightly longer than premaxilla. Teeth cylindrical, tip slightly pointed. Eye at middle of head. Nasal, maxillary and rictal barbels well developed. Tip of nasal barbel reaching midlength between eye and anterior edge of opercular patch of odontodes. Tip of maxillary barbel reaching anterior margin of opercular patch of odontodes. Tip of rictal barbel reaching anterior margin of opercular patch of odontodes. Seven branchiostegal rays. Interopercular odontodes 30���40; opercular patch of odontodes wide, with 12���16 odontodes; odontodes conical, opercular odontodes wider than interopercular odontodes; opercular odontodes arranged vertically. Supraorbital canal continuous, with three pores; first pore in transverse line through anterior nostril, second in transverse line just posterior to posterior nostril, single median third supraorbital pore in transverse line just posterior to orbit. Infraorbital divided into two sections, each with two pores, anterior section of infraorbital canal present; first infraorbital pore in transverse line through anterior nostril, second in transverse line just anterior to posterior nostril, third and fourth posterior to orbit. Preopercular canal with one pore, in vertical through anterior margin of opercular patch of odontodes. Lateral line of body short, with three pores, posteriormost pore in vertical just posterior to pectoral��fin base. Coloration: Side of body light purplish brown with row of rectangular, or sometimes rounded, dark brown spots on lateral midline, and similar rows of paler spots above and below lateral midline; golden spots on posterior half of flank between midline spots; venter white. Head dark brown on dorsal, white on ventral surface; suborbital region light brown, preopercular region dark brown; opercular and interopercular patches of odontodes light yellow; nasal barbel dark gray, maxillary and rictal barbels light gray. Iris light yellow. Dorsal��fin yellowish hyaline with small dark brown spots on anterior and basal portions. Caudal��fin yellowish hyaline with four faint gray bars. Anal and pelvic��fins pale yellow. Pectoral��fin pale yellow, basal portion dark gray. Distribution: Upper Rio Itabapoana basin, Serra do Capara��, southeastern Brazil. Habitat notes: This species was found in two localities: Rio S��o Domingos, the type locality, with turbid water, and in Rio Capara��, with clear water. In both localities it was found in shallow waters (40���100 cm deep), sometimes swimming in daylight, but most specimens were collected under marginal vegetation or under vegetal debris on the bottom. Etymology: From the Latin cauda (tail) and fasciatus (with bars), referring to the caudal��fin color pattern of the new species., Published as part of Alencar, Aline R & Costa, Wilson J. E. M., 2004, Description of two new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus from southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), pp. 1-8 in Zootaxa 744 on pages 5-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.158294

T. unicolor ROM 51718 (3 ex.), Published as part of Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki, 2004, New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio S��o Francisco basin, Brazil., pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 592 on page 10

T. vermiculatus FMNH 58077 (X- ray) Holotype; MZUSP 67912 (4 ex. C&S), Published as part of Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki, 2004, New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio S��o Francisco basin, Brazil., pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 592 on page 10

T. taczanowskii CAS 76966 (12 ex.), Published as part of Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki, 2004, New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio S��o Francisco basin, Brazil., pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 592 on page 10

T. travassosi MNRJ 5424, Holotype, Published as part of Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki, 2004, New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio S��o Francisco basin, Brazil., pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 592 on page 10

T. itacarambiensis MZUSP 67914 (3 ex. C&S); MZUSP 40329 (5 ex.), Published as part of Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki, 2004, New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio S��o Francisco basin, Brazil., pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 592 on page 9

T. castroi NUPELIA uncat. (1 ex.- Rio Igua��u, Segredo, PR); NUPELIA uncat. (1 ex.- Rio Igua��u, Segredo, PR); MHNCI 7643 (2 ex. 1 C&S), Published as part of Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki, 2004, New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio S��o Francisco basin, Brazil., pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 592 on page 9

[[Genus Trichomycterus]] Trichomycterus Valenciennes is a specious assemblage of catfishes inhabiting mountain rivers of South America and southern Central America, each species usually endemic to a single river basin (Eigenmann, 1918). About 60 nominal species are endemic to the river basins draining the Andes and hills of the Guianan Shield, and about 30 species are endemic to river basins draining the Brazilian Shield. However, it is not known if the whole genus Trichomycterus is a monophyletic lineage, or even if species of each region form a clade. Trichomycterus is still poorly known in the Brazilian Shield river basins, with many undescribed species. Most described species of this region are endemic to the Rio Para��ba do Sul basin (Costa, 1982), but many areas are still insufficiently sampled. For example, only one species, Trichomycterus longibarbatus Costa, is known to occur in the vast area occupied by numerous isolated river basins between the Rio Para��ba do Sul and Rio Doce basins, southeastern Brazil. However, recent collections in this area revealed several new species of Trichomycterus, of which two species exhibiting very distinctive color patterns are herein described., Published as part of Aline R. Alencar & Wilson J. E. M. Costa, 2004, Description of two new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus from southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)., pp. 1-8 in Zootaxa 744 on page 2

T. reinhardti FMNH 58081 (X-ray) Holotype; MZUSP uncat. (2 ex.-Rio Bonito, Lauras, MG), Published as part of Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki, 2004, New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio S��o Francisco basin, Brazil., pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 592 on page 10

T. oroyae CAS 58104 (43 ex.), Published as part of Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki, 2004, New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio S��o Francisco basin, Brazil., pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 592 on page 10

Trichomycterus iheringi (Eigenmann, 1917) (Figs. 3, 4; Table 1) Pygidium iheringi Eigenmann, 1917:697 (Brazil, S��o Paulo). Eigenmann, 1918:330. Henn, 1928:80. Gosline, 1945:60. Ibarra & Stewart, 1987:73. Trichomycterus iheringi - Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918:725. Fowler 1954:27. Burgess, 1989:322. Bizerril, 1994:623. de Pinna & Wosiacki, 2003:282. Costa, 1992:103. Eschmeyer, 1998:760. Barbosa & Costa, 2003:287. Bockmann & Sazima, 2004:61. Bockmann, Casatti & de Pinna, 2004:226. Triques & Vono, 2004:162. Wosiacki, 2004:9. Wosiacki & Garavello, 2004:9. Holotype: CAS 64585 (Ex. IU 10785), 139.6mm SL, Santos, S��o Paulo, Brazil, collected by R. von Ihering. Paratypes: CAS 64586, 3 ex. (117.6 128mm SL). Orig. n. IU 10785, collected with holotype;FMNH 58074, 2 ex. (125.7-134.1mm, X-rays), Sapina, S��o Paulo, Brazil, collected by J.D.Haseman, 23 July 1908. Diagnosis: No uniquely derived features were found to diagnose T. iheringi. Trichomycterus iheringi shares with T. castroi, T. davisi, T. guaraquessaba, T. mboycy, T. naipi, T. papilliferus, T. plumbeus, T. stawiarski, and T. zonatus the first pectoral-fin ray not prolonged as a filament and differs from all other congeners from south and southeastern Brazil (T. albinotatus, T. alternatus, T. auroguttatus, T. bahianus, T. brasiliensis, T. candidu, T. caudofasciatus, T. concolor, T. giganteus, T. goeldii, T. immaculatus, T. itacambirussu, T. itatiayae, T. jequitinhonhae, T. landinga, T. longibarbatus, T. maracaya, T. mimonha, T. mirissumba, T. nigricans, T. pantherinus, T. potschi, T. taroba, T. trefauti, T. reinhardti, T. triguttatus, T. variegatus, and T. vermiculatus) by the presence of the first pectoral-fin ray prolonged as a filament. Trichomycterus iheringi shares with the larger assemblage of species congeners from south and southeastern Brazil the presence of two pores s6 paired at the interorbital space (vs. one symphyseal pore s6 in T. alternatus, T. giganteus, T. nigricans, and T. paquequerensis). Trichomycterus iheringi shares with T. castroi, T. guaraquessaba, T. plumbeus, and T. stawiarski I-7 pectoral-fin rays (vs. I-5 in T. mboycy, T. naipi, and I-6 in T. davisi, T. papilliferus, and T. zonatus). Trichomycterus iheringi is readily from T. castroi and T. stawiarski by the uniform light tan color pattern with numerous, poorly defined small spots over the dorsal and lateral portions of the head, trunk and caudal peduncle (vs. large and well defined spots and stripes). Furthermore, T. iheringi can be distinguished from T. guaraquessaba, T. plumbeus, and other congeners by the combination of pelvic-fin margin distance from the urogenital opening equal to half of its the fins length (vs. in contact with urogenital opening or covering it), caudal fin rounded (vs. truncate as in T. guaraquessaba), and 9-10 branched rays in the dorsal fin (vs. 6-8). Redescription: Morphometric data for holotype and paratypes are given in Table 1. ���T1��� Body elongate, roughly cylindrical close to head and gradually more compressed in trunk towards caudal fin. Profiles of trunk straight dorsally and slightly convex ventrally. Dorsal and ventral profiles of caudal peduncle straight. Integument thick, especially over base of dorsal and anal fins. Small papillae on lips and scattered over lateral surface of head. Head wide, rounded and depressed, slightly longer than wide, the transversal section at posterior tip of opercle slightly wider than anteriorly at nostril, anterior margin rounded. Lateral region of eye slightly swollen by jaw muscles in both large and small specimens. Profiles of head straight dorsally and convex ventrally. Eyes rounded, well defined rim, dorsally oriented, covered by thin skin, distinctly separated from surface of eyeball. Ocular structures readily visible on surface of skin, not deeply sunken. Orbital rim not free. Anterior nostril same size as posterior one, surrounded by fleshy flap of integument. Posterior nostril with thin flap of integument anteriorly. Anterior and posterior nostrils half diameter of eye. Gill membranes thick, united to isthmus only at anteriormost point. Gill openings not constricted. Five branchiostegal rays visible externally, 7-8 in X-rayed specimens (Fig. 4). Mouth subterminal, its corners laterally oriented. Lower lip with conspicuous lateral fleshy lobes, internal to origin of rictal barbels. Anterior margin of upper lip rounded. Small papillae on external surface of upper lip; large papillae continuous inside of mouth to region of teeth attachment. Upper lip continuous with dorsal surface of head. Barbels long with large bases and gradually narrowing towards tip. Tips of nasal barbels reaching midway between posterior rim of eye and base of anterior opercular odontodes; tips of maxillary barbels reaching tip of posterior opercular odontodes; tips of rictal barbels reaching base of posterior most interopercular odontodes. Origin of nasal barbels on posterolateral portion of integument flap around anterior nostril. Interopercular patch of odontodes long, 20-22 conical odontodes covered by thick integument, anteriormost odontodes smaller and slightly curved medially, gradually longer and more curved distally. Opercular patch of odontodes rounded, covering posterior edge of opercle, 25-27 conical odontodes, anterior ones smaller and straight, gradually longer and curved distally. Supraorbital canal complete, infraorbital incomplete. Infraorbital anterior section pores i1 and i3, and posterior section pores i10 and i11. Supraorbital pores s1, s2 and s6 paired. Pectoral fin with rounded margin, I-7 rays, first short and thickest, third and fourth longest. Dorsal-fin with margin semicircular when expanded, II-III/9-10 (Holotype, II/9) rays, fourth the longest. Anal fin slightly elongate in overall shape, slightly smaller than dorsal fin, I/5-II/5 (Holotype, II/5) rays, fourth the longest, origin at vertical through seventh dorsal-fin ray. Pelvic-fin origin anterior to dorsal-fin origin, rounded margin, not reaching anal and urogenital openings, I/4 rays, second and third longest. Caudal fin rounded, margin distinctly wider than remaining caudal region, I/11/I principal rays, branched rays splitting three times. Only the first dorsal and ventral caudal-fin accessory rays visible. Anal and urogenital openings closer to anal-fin origin than pelvic-fin base. Free vertebrae 35. Ribs 11 pairs, first one thickest, 3rd -4th longest. Dorsal-fin pterygiophores 9, first inserting in front of the neural spines of 15th -16th free vertebrae. Anal-fin pterygiophores 6, first in front of hemal spines of 21st -22nd free vertebrae. Dorsal procurrent rays 18. Ventral procurrent rays 8. Caudal skeleton composed of pleurostyle, hypurals 4+5, hypural 3, and fused parhypural and hypurals 1+2 (Fig. 4). Color pattern: Refer to figure 2 for general view of color pattern in alcohol. The pattern is the same for smaller (117.6 mm SL) to larger (139.6 mm SL) specimens. Uniform light tan on dorsal surface of trunk, gradually lighter laterally. Numerous, poorly defined spots over dorsal and lateral portions of head, trunk and caudal peduncle. Spots coalescent over head at the occipital and interorbital space. Spots larger at dorsal trunk and caudal peduncle, gradually less numerous and smaller ventrally. Nasal, maxillary and rictal barbels unpigmented. Ventral surfaces of head, trunk and caudal peduncle unpigmented. Pectoral fin with few small spots over dorsal surface scattered from base to half of its length. Pelvic fins unpigmented. Dorsal fin with few small spots scattered from base to half of its length rays. Caudal fin with few spots over rays, larger and closer each other at base, gradually smaller and scattered to margin. Distribution: Known from the type-locality, Santos, on the costal area of S��o Paulo State, and headwaters of rio Tiet�� (Paran�� basin), southeastern Brazil. The Sapina locality cited by Eigenmann (1917 and 1918) for the paratypes was not located. However, Eigenmann (1911) cited ���Sapina, Rio Tiet��, into Paran��. Coll. Nos. 1599-1616. Four miles from the city, July 23, 1908���, for the Paratypes. In the same paper, cited ���Santos, coast of S��o Paulo. July 23, 1908��� [no July 3, 1908 in Eigenmann, 1918] for the Holotype. It is assumed that Sapina is a locality on the headwaters of rio Tiet��, close to Santos. Remarks: The present redescription of Trichomycterus iheringi was based on type material of the CAS and FMNH. The holotype and paratypes were in a good state of preservation (Fig. 2), with the color pattern slightly pale. Eigenmann (1917) presented T. iheringi in a short description based on six specimens which was adequate at the time, but incomplete by current standards. In the next year Eigenmann (1918; PL.50: 5) presented a transcription of the original description, with a very sharp drawing of the type. Eigenmann (1917, 1918), with no justification, allied T. iheringi to T. punctatissimus Castelnau, from the rio Araguaia (Tocantins basin). Eigenmann (1918; PL. 45: 1) presented a cartoonish drawing of T. punctatissimus from Castelnau (1855), and a short text of the characters in the key of that paper (���Sides and back with minute dark specks and vermiculations between them; origin of dorsal over origin of ventral���). It was not possible to analyze the type material of T. punctatissimus, and the original description (Castelnau, 1855) does not offer features to support the relationships of this species to T. iheringi. Only the color pattern cited by Castelnau (1855) for T. punctatissimus (���sa couleur g��n��rale dun ch��tain clair. Il est enti��rement couvert de tr��s petits point dun brun obscure tr��s serr��s et couvrant les nageoires sup��rieures. Le dessous du corps et les nageoires inferieures sont dun brun jaune���), cited by Eigenmann (1918) suggests some similarity to T. iheringi. However, the presence of several small spots covering the dorsum and sides of the head, trunk and caudal peduncle is a color pattern in many Trichomycterus species (T. davisi, T. brasiliensis, T. bahianus, T. mimonha, T. mirissumba, T. taroba, and T. rivulatus Valenciennes, among others), in Eremophilus mutisii Humboldt, in Ituglanis amazonicus (Steindachner), I. eichorniarum (Miranda-Ribeiro), and I. proops (Miranda-Ribeiro). Only a detailed phylogenetic analysis will allow inferences about the evolution of the color pattern in the relationships of the Trichomycterus species and of the non monophyletic group ���Trichomycterinae���. Bockmann & Sazima (2005) proposed a group of species, T. maracaya, T. mimonha, T. potschi, and T. vermiculatus, as members of T. brasiliensis species-complex based on the presence of fours longitudinal rows of well-defined blotches, plus I/5-6 pectoral-fin rays. As observed in the type material, T. iheringi does not present the color pattern of four rows of well-defined blotches; hence it could not be included as a member of this group. In addition, all specimens of the type material of T. iheringi have I/7 pectoral-fin rays as observed by Eigenmann (1917 and 1918; P.8), in contrast to that described by Bockmann & Sazima (2005). In a slightly different way Wosiacki (2002) proposed, in a phylogenetic analysis of Trichomycterinae, a different group composed of species with 6 or fewer pectoral-fin rays [T. candidus, T. naipi, T. mboycy, T. taroba, and Trichomycterus sp. n. (���pelvic-less���)]. Six or fewer pectoral-fin rays also are present in all Ituglanis species and in the clade composed of Glanapteryginae, Sarcoglanidinae, Tridentinae, Stegophilinae, and Vandelliinae (sensu de Pinna, 1998), interpreted as the result of independent evolution (Wosiacki, 2002). Bizerril (1994) related T. iheringi, apparently without an analysis of material, to an assemblage of species (T. mimonha, T. mirissumba, T. triguttatus, T. vermiculatus, and T. concolor) based on the supraorbital pores being closer to the margin of the eyeball than to the sagittal line, as proposed by Costa (1992). However, as observed in the holotype (Fig. 2) and paratypes, the supraorbital pores of T. iheringi are closer to the sagittal line than the margin of the eyeball, contrary to the proposal of Bizerril (1994). Phylogenetic assignments: Trichomycterus guaraquessaba and T. iheringi share with all south and southeastern Brazil congeneric species the presence of s6 pores paired, one in each supraorbital canal, except T. alternatus, T. giganteus, T. nigricans, and T. paquequerensis with one epiphyseal pore s6 fused at the sagittal line. Costa (1992) proposed two monophyletic groups for species of Trichomycterus from south and southeastern Brazil: 1) Supraorbital pore s6 paired, each pore closer to the orbit than to the sagittal line; and 2) supraorbital pore s6paired, each pore closer to the sagittal line than to the orbit or fused into a single epiphyseal pore. The position of the supraorbital pore s6 is very variable intra- and interspecifically among Trichomycterinae; however, in a large assemblage of species, the pore s6 opening is directly from the supraorbital canal as in Copionodontinae and Trichogenes, the basalmost groups of Trichomycteridae. Wosiacki (2002) reported that there exists a branching from the supraorbital canal above the epiphyseal bar, in a medial direction, of which the external opening s6 either can be single and median (both sides fused) and at the end of a relatively long canal (equaling the distance between the supraorbital canal and the sagittal plane), or paired having a pore at each side of the sagittal plane between it and the supraorbital canal. The single pore condition is considered as a more derived state. The presence and length of a branch from the supraorbital canal opening either in a single or paired pore as observed in Trichomycterus alternatus, T. brasiliensis, T. giganteus, T. mirissumba, T. mimonha, T. nigricans, and T. paquequerensis probably is a better way of indicating the position of pore s6 than the present reference to distance of the eyes. Regardless, T. guaraquessaba and T. iheringi have the plesiomorphic state without a branching for pore s6. Trichomycterus guaraquessaba and T. iheringi share, with an assemblage of species from south and southeastern Brazil (T. nigricans, T. davisi, T. stawiarski, T. castroi, T. triguttatus, T. immaculatus, T. itatiayae, T. mirissumba, T. zonatus, T. naipi, T. taboba, T. papilliferus, T. mboycy and T. plumbeus), the presence of a window at least half of the diameter of the optic foramen in the lateral of the orbito-sphenoid observed by Wosiacki (2002). This feature is an apormophy not observed in the Andeans and trans-Andean species of Trichomycterus., Published as part of Wolmar B. Wosiacki, 2005, A new species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from south Brazil and redescription of T. iheringi (Eigenmann)., pp. 49-64 in Zootaxa 1040 on pages 56-61

T. mboycy MPEG 6695 Holotype; MPEG 6696 (2 ex.) Paratypes; MPEG 6697 Paratype; MPEG 6698 (2 ex.) Paratypes, Published as part of Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki, 2004, New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio S��o Francisco basin, Brazil., pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 592 on page 9

T. johnsoni MZUSP 59367 (1 ex.), Published as part of Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki, 2004, New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio S��o Francisco basin, Brazil., pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 592 on page 9

T. taroba MPEG 6689 Holotype; MPEG 6690 (15 ex.) Paratypes; MPEG 6691 (10 ex.) Paratypes; NUPELIA 1616 (3 ex.) Paratypes, Published as part of Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki, 2004, New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio S��o Francisco basin, Brazil., pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 592 on page 10

T. quechuorum AMNH 2035/sw (1 ex.), Published as part of Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki, 2004, New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio S��o Francisco basin, Brazil., pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 592 on page 10

T. duellmani UMMZ 204202 (3 ex.), Published as part of Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki, 2004, New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio S��o Francisco basin, Brazil., pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 592 on page 9

Submitted by Alberto Vieira (martins_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2017-10-18T22:35:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 640457.pdf: 16640098 bytes, checksum: 7abda050fe5c04d02f1a37ddd7a93823 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-18T22:35:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 640457.pdf: 16640098 bytes, checksum: 7abda050fe5c04d02f1a37ddd7a93823 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12 CAPES Quarenta e quatro espécies de Trichomycterus Valenciennes, 1832 são incluídas numa revisão taxonômica englobando espécies endêmicas da região sudeste do Brasil. Todas as espécies foram coletadas entre a bacia do rio Doce, no estado do Espírito Santo e a bacia do rio Ribeira do Iguape, no estado de São Paulo, incluindo a bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul, alto rio São Francisco, alto rio Paraná e bacias costeiras menores isoladas encontradas dentro da área delimitada. Elas estão reunidas em sete grupos : grupo Alfa, diagnosticado pelos odontódeos operculares dispostos obliquamente, incluindo T. brasiliensis Lutken, 1874, T. mimonha Costa, 1992, T. mirissumba Costa, 1992, T. potschi Barbosa & Costa, 2003, T. vermiculatus (Eigenmann, 1918) e mais 10 espécies novas; grupo Beta, diagnosticado pelo metapterigóide largo, incluindo T. itatiayae (Ribeiro, 1906) e três espécies novas; grupo Gama, diagnosticado pelo número de raios da nadadeira peitoral, incluindo T. reinhardti (Eigenmann, 1918) e uma espécie nova; grupo Delta, diagnosticado pelo longo filamento da nadadeira peitoral, incluindo T. alternatus (Eigenmann, 1917), T. longibarbatus Costa, 1992 e sete espécies novas; grupo Omega, diagnosticado pelo comprimento reduzido da cabeça e pela morfologia da placa interopercular de odontódeos, incluindo apenas uma espécie, T. candidus (Ribeiro, 1949); grupo Zeta, diagnosticado pelo número elevado de odontódeos interoperculares, incluindo T. immaculatus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) e três espécies novas; e grupo Sigma, diagnosticado pela posição do segundo poro supra-orbital, incluindo T. albinotatus Costa, 1992, T. auroguttatus Costa, 1992, T. florensis Ribeiro, 1943, T. goeldii Boulenger, 1896, T. travassosi (Ribeiro, 1949), T. zonatus (Eigenmann, 1918) e seis espécies novas. Forty-four species of Trichomycterus Valenciennes, 1832 are included in a taxonomic revision encompassing species endemic to the Southeastern Brazil. All species were collected between Doce river basin, Espírito Santo state, and Ribeira do Iguape river basin, São Paulo state, including the Paraíba do Sul, upper São Francisco, upper Paraná river basins, and a series of adjacent smaller isolated basins situated in the delimited area. They are grouped into seven assemblages : group Alfa, diagnosed by opercular odontodes arranged obliquely, including T. brasiliensis Lutken, 1874, T. mimonha Costa, 1992, T. mirissumba Costa, 1992, T. potschi Barbosa & Costa, 2003, T. vermiculatus (Eigenmann, 1918), and more ten new species; group Beta diagnosed by a broad metapterygoid, including T. itatiayae (Ribeiro, 1906), and more three new species; group Gama diagnosed by the number of rays of pectoral-fin, including T. reinhardti (Eigenmann, 1918), and one new species; group Delta diagnosed by a long pectoral-fin filament, including T. alternatus (Eigenmann, 1917), T. longibarbatus Costa, 1992, and four new species; group Omega diagnosed by the reduced lenght of the head, and the morphology of the interopercular patch of odontodes, including only T. candidus (Ribeiro, 1949); group Zeta diagnosed by the high number of interopercular odontodes, including T. immaculatus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889), and three new species; and, group Sigma diagnosed by the position of the second supraorbital pore, including T. albinotatus Costa, 1992, T. auroguttatus Costa, 1992, T. florensis Ribeiro, 1943, T. goeldii Boulenger, 1896, T. travassosi (Ribeiro, 1949), T. zonatus (Eigenmann, 1918), and six new species.

Light and scanning electron microscopical examinations of nematode samples collected from the stomachs and intestines of catfishes Trichomycterus spp. (Trichomycteridae, Siluriformes) from three streams in Colombia revealed the presence of two species, Dentinema trichomycteri n. g., n. sp. (Cosmocercidae) (type-host Trichomycterus sp.) and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) chimusensis Freitas & Ibanez, 1968 (Camallanidae). The new, monotypic genus Dentinema is characterised mainly by the presence of a triangular mouth surrounded by three poorly developed lips, four submedian cephalic papillae, three conical teeth in the well-developed buccal cavity, an elongate oesophageal isthmus which is clearly separated from the corpus, precloacal oblique muscle bands, and by the absence of a ventral sucker. P. chimusensis, recorded from Colombia for the first time, is redescribed from specimens collected from Trichomycterus chapmani (Eigenmann) (a new host record) and Trichomycterus sp.; new observations show that this species belongs to a small group of Procamallanus spp. exhibiting a distinct sexual diversity in the structure of the buccal capsule. P. pexatus Pinto, Fabio, Noronha & Rolas, 1976 is synonymised with P. chimusensis.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:21:01Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:29:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-33645506679.pdf: 213272 bytes, checksum: 476636f95c1ff9fdc8c6d962a4bd8efc (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:21:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-01-01 The ichthyofauna of ribeirão Grande microbasin that runs through one of the few remaining fragments of Atlantic Forest (in Mantiqueira mountain range, Valley of Paraíba) was studied. Fish samples were obtained with an electric fishing powered by a maximum capacity generator of 155 V and 60-Hz alterning current, gill-nets and traps. In three collecting days, during July/2001, October/2001, January/2002 and April/2002, 2865 fishes were sampled. These fishes belonged to 12 families, 23 genera and 37 species. The species were more abundant between the piedmont and the plain of the Valley of Paraíba. The Characidium, Trichomycterus genera and the Imparfinis minutus species presented only one ovary or testis and no swim bladder. The ecological significance of morphological features in stream mountain fishes was used to predict the niche adaptation for those conditions, towards K-strategy. Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. 24 A, 13506-900, Rio Claro, Sao Paulo Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. 24 A, 13506-900, Rio Claro, Sao Paulo

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:04:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1415-47572004000300008.pdf: 63906 bytes, checksum: fda46b66cb0dd8de9a832eb5ed0086ff (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:04:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1415-47572004000300008.pdf: 63906 bytes, checksum: fda46b66cb0dd8de9a832eb5ed0086ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:08:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47572004000300008.pdf: 63906 bytes, checksum: fda46b66cb0dd8de9a832eb5ed0086ff (MD5) S1415-47572004000300008.pdf.txt: 23022 bytes, checksum: 9ab8bc536dc59a243c17927c30533c2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:17:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47572004000300008.pdf: 63906 bytes, checksum: fda46b66cb0dd8de9a832eb5ed0086ff (MD5) S1415-47572004000300008.pdf.txt: 23022 bytes, checksum: 9ab8bc536dc59a243c17927c30533c2e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:17:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47572004000300008.pdf: 63906 bytes, checksum: fda46b66cb0dd8de9a832eb5ed0086ff (MD5) S1415-47572004000300008.pdf.txt: 23022 bytes, checksum: 9ab8bc536dc59a243c17927c30533c2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) In the present study, 20 species of Siluriformes fish were analyzed in order to determine their nuclear DNA content and compare these data with their diploid number. In addition, the extension and importance of the changes that occurred during the process of diversification in the group of Neotropical freshwater catfish were investigated. The only species studied of the family Doradidae, Rhinodoras d'orbignyi (2n = 58), presented 3.46 ± 0.13 pg of DNA. Among the species of the family Heptapteridae, the values of nuclear DNA content and the diploid numbers ranged from 1.13 ± 0.09 pg of DNA in Pimelodella sp. (2n = 46) to 2.38 ± 0.07 pg of DNA in Imparfinis mirini (2n = 58). The family Loricariidae showed the widest variation in diploid number and nuclear DNA content values, ranging from 2n = 52 and 3.96 ± 0.22 pg of DNA in Liposarcus anisitsi to 2n = 76 and 4.90 ± 0.12 pg of DNA in Hypostomus sp. 4. In this group, two local samples of Pimelodus maculatus (Pimelodidae) were analyzed, and both exhibited 2n = 56, but different nuclear DNA content values (2.68 ± 0.22 pg and 2.82 ± 0.20 pg, respectively). Among the Pseudopimelodidae species analyzed, Pseudopimelodus mangurus (2n = 54) showed 2.23 ± 0.15 pg and Microglanis cottoides (2n = 54) exhibited 2.50 ± 0.18 pg of DNA. Two species of Trichomycterus (Trichomycteridae) also presented the same diploid number, 2n = 54 chromosomes, but, while the species from the Quinta stream presented a DNA content of 2.62 ± 0.19 pg, in the sample from the Capivara river this value was 2.30 ± 0.23 pg. In the analyzed species, the results showed that the changes in DNA content were frequently not followed by changes in the diploid number. This fact permits to suggest that, in addition to structural chromosome rearrangements, other mechanisms, including deletions, duplications and polyploidy, could be involved in the process of species differentiation in the representatives of the fish order Siluriformes. Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Morfologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Morfologia

Trichomycterus celsae n. sp. and Trichomycterus lewi n. sp. are described from the river Kukenán a tributary of the river Caroní, Orinoco basin, Guyana Shield, Venezuela. The new species are diagnosed within the Guyana Shield Trichomycterus species by a distinctive color pattern. Trichomycterus celsae has a uniform light brown color on dorsum and sides of the body; the ventral surface is yellowish or creamy. Trichomycterus lewi has an irregular pattern of black spots of different sizes on dorsum and sides of the body, the larger spots are located at the posterior part of the body, and, the ventral surface is whitish. The osteology of the new species showed that they belong to the genus Trichomycterus. Osteological features support the external diagnosis of both species, some of them are: in T. celsae, the skull has the fontanels well separated, T. lewi has the fontanels closer and joined by a narrow canal. In T. celsae, the dorsal border of the hyomandibula has a conspicuous notch. In T. lewi, the metapterygoid has a projection on the posteroventral angle. Neural spine of the first preural centra is more elongated in T. lewi. Se describen dos nuevas especies de bagres tricomictéridos, Tr i c h o m y c t e rus celsae y Tr i c h o m y c t e rus lewi, colectados en el río Kukenán, afluente del río Caroní (cuenca del Orinoco), Estado Bolívar, Venezuela. El río Kukenán esta ubicado en el área denominada La Gran Sabana, perteneciente a la porción venezolana de la región del Escudo de las Guayanas. Las dos nuevas especies se reconocen y se separan fácilmente entre ellas y entre las otras especies del género Tr i c h o m y c t e ru s descritas para esta región, por el patrón de coloración. Se describe el patrón de coloración, la morfometría y la merística, además se presentan las diferencias más llamativas entre los caracteres osteológicos observados en un ejemplar adulto de cada una de las nuevas especies. El patrón osteológico permite indicar que ambas especies pertenecen al género Tr i c h o m y c t e ru s.

Miranda Ribeiro (1912) described Trichomycterus eichorniarum based on specimens caught between the pseudo-rhizomes of the water hyacinth Eichhornia azurea and named the species referring to this circumstance. In the description he missed an ‘h’ in both, the specific name and the provided reference to ‘ Eichornea’ . The latter is an orthographical variant of this generic name that should be “ corrected to the validly published form of that name ” according to Article 61.4 of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Melbourne Code) (McNeill 2012).

This paper reports comparative results on the bioaccumulation of inorganic mercury and resulting gill damages in the tropical fish, Trichomycterus zonatus, and a nordic species, Salvelinus alpinus, using radioisotope 203Hg techniques and scanning electron microscopy. Uptake of inorganic Hg from water was much more important in T. zonatus than in S. alpinus and the Hg concentration in S. alpinus increased at a slower rate in all tissues during the first 24 h of exposure. After 96 h, Hg concentration was 70 times higher in the kidney, 10 times higher in liver, intestine, skin, and brain, and 3 times higher in gills, muscle, and the rest of body of T. zonatus compared to S. alpinus. Gill damages in T. zonatus were more evident and occurred much earlier than for S. alpinus. According to our data, the high differences observed in the inorganic mercury uptake, bioaccumulation, and gills damages strongly suggest that T. zonatus is more sensitive to inorganic mercury pollution than S. alpinus. Further studies are urgently needed to determine whether the high sensitivity observed for T. zonatus to inorganic Hg is also present in the majority of tropical species or whether this species presents an isolated case.

Trichomycterus chungaraensis is an endemic and endangered fish from the south high Andean plateau; mainly due to its habitat total extension thus has been calculated to be 2,910 m2 and inhabiting solely in Mal Paso stream, at the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and Lauca National Park.

Trichomycterus pauciradiatus, new species, is described from the rio Paraná basin, southeastern Brazil. It differs from all other species of Trichomycterus by having four pelvic-fin rays. The new species is possibly closely related to T. reinhardti (Eigenmann, 1918), since both share a unique color pattern consisting of a yellow body with a broad dark brown stripe along the lateral midline. The stripe is bordered dorsally by a longitudinal bright yellow zone lacking dark chromatophores.

Trichomycterus giganteus, new species, is described from the Rio Guandu basin, Serra do Mendanha, Rio de Janeiro city. Although being the biggest among species from southeastern Brazil and endemic to an older metropolitan area, it has gone unknown until the present, illustrating the poor knowledge of the taxonomy of this genus. It is distinguished from the remaining species of the genus by a combination of long nasal and maxillary barbels, a single median third supraorbital pore, long pectoral filament, nine pectoral-fin rays, high number of odontodes, relative position of the anal-fin origin, and a unique color pattern.

Two new species of Trichomycterus from isolated small river basins of southeastern Brazil are described: T. pantherinus, new species, from the Rio Santa Maria da Vit ria basin, and T. caudofasciatus, new species, from the Rio Itabapoana basin. Both new species are diagnosed by a combination of morphological features, also occurring in T. alternatus and T. longibarbatus, including number of pectoral-fin rays, odontodes and branchiostegal rays, long filamentous first pectoral-fin ray and wide opercular patch of odontodes. Trichomycterus pantherinus differs from other congeners by possessing a light orangish yellow flank with dark brown to black rounded spots. Trichomycterus caudofasciatus is distinguished from other species of the genus by having four gray bars on the caudal fin.

Summary A new genus of the family Trichomycteridae, Bullockia, and a new species of Trichomycterus are described. Bullockia gen. nov. is a monospecific and relict genus in the freshwaters of Chile. Trichomycterus mendozensis n. sp. is a freshwater relict from Argentina. Preliminary diagnoses of the subfamilies Pygidiinae and Nematogenyinae and the genera Trichomycterus, Hatcheria and Nematogenys are given.

The different elements of the caudal skeleton of the South American catfish genera Nematogenys (Nematogenyinae) and Trichomycterus, Hatcheria, and Bullockia (Pygidiinae) (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) show Ontogenetic transformation of the second ural centrum in Trichomycteridae separates the subfamilies Nematogenyinae and Pygidiinae. In the former, the second ural centrum is aligned with the first ural centrum in early stages of ontogeny; it is not fused with the bases of hypurals 3 and 4 in any stage of development. In the Pygidiinae, in contrast, the second ural centrum is connected with the base of hypural 3 from an early stage of development on. One of the most noteworthy features of the Pygidiinae is the epural, a polymorphic element with three or four morphotypes that are species specific. The primitive catfish Nematogenys shows intraspecific variation in the ural centra, segmentation of procurrent caudal rays, and principal caudal ray formulae. Species of Trichomycterus, Hatcheria, and Bullockia are characterized by great intraspecific variability that involves ural centra, the epural, hypurapophyses, and the neural arches of the compound centrum. There is intraspecific variation in the fusion of the hypurals in some species of Trichomycterus. Intraspecific variation of the caudal skeleton of fishes of the family Trichomycteridae involves the presence and frequency of different morphotypes of the epural, neural arch of the compound centrum, fusion of hypurals, and principal caudal ray formulae. Ontogenetic changes of the first and second ural centra, hypurapophyses (with the exception of Nematogenys), and segmentation of procurrent caudal rays (in Nematogenys) are involved also.

Habitat Preferences of Siluriform Fishes of Chilean Continental Waters (Fam. Diplomystidae and Trichomycteridae) The habitat of the following species of Chilean freshwater siluriform fishes is studied: Diplomystes chilensis, Nematogenys inermis, Trichomycterus areolatus, Tr. chiltoni and Bullockia maldonadoi. N. inermis inhabits the potamonal region of rivers and streams (as the adults of D. chilensis) while Trichomycterus and Bullockia inhabit the rhitronal region which is also occupied by young specimens of D. chilensis. These fishes occupy different habitats during their development in these regions; largest differences exist between the adults: Diplomystes and Nematogenys prefer the deep zone of the Potamon of rivers and streams, while trichomycterids prefer the dead water space in the benthonic part of Rhitron of rivers and streams. Diplomystes is a benthonic form of fast‐running water, while Nematogenys lives in slow‐running water. The spatial distribution of these fishes is discontinuous i...

Summary. The distinctions between the genera Scleronema Eigenmann and Trichomycterus Valenciennes can hardly be considered as of generic importance; however, the name Scleronema is retained here till further material is investigated. Three species of Scleronema are revised, Scleronema operculatum Eigenmann, Scleronema minutum (Boulenger). and Sleronema angustirostris The distinctions between the two species are apparently due to the difference in size of specimens described, but as the types of Scleronema operculatum could not be examined no conclusion on the existence of this species is made. The generic name of Hatcheria Eigenmann is considered as synonymous with Trichomycterus Valenciennes; the name of Trichomycterus areolatus Valenciennes synonymous with Trichomycterus maculatus Valenciennes; the name of Trichomycterus burmeisteri Berg synonymous with Trichomycterus macrae Girard. The change of the name of Trichomycterus Valenciennes for Pygidium Meyen, proposed by Eigenmann, is not adopted here for the reason that the name of Trichomycterus Valenciennes is a well-established name, is not a nomen preocupatum, as Eigenmann imagined, and also as the name of Pygidium has been used by Meyen for a quite different fish which has no common features with Trichomycterus. Features used by taxonomists for the species of the genus Trichomycterus are revised. A detailed description of Trichomycterus rivulatus based on a study of 387 specimens in 62 series is given. Ten formerly described species are considered as names or synonyms of Trichomycterus rivulatus. These are:–Trichomycterus incse Valenciennes; Trichomycterus gracilis Valenciennes; Trichomycterus barbatula Valenciennes; Trichomycterus pictus Castelnau; Trichomycterus eigenmanni Boulenger; Trichomycterus paeyanus Cope; Pygidium oroyae Eigenmann & Eigenmann; Pygidium quechuorum Steindachner; Pygidium tiraque Fowler; Pygidium atochae Allen. The types of variation of Trichomycterus rivulatus are described and discussed.

Trichomycterus payaya, new species, is described from tributaries to the upper rio Itapicuru basin, northern Bahia State, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from congeners by having the head rounded anteriorly in dorsal view and slightly depressed in lateral view, supraorbital pores s6 paired, opening laterally on the supraorbital sensory branch, not emerging from an epiphyseal branch, lateral process of the urohyal distally sharp and with pointed tip, interopercular patch of odontodes longer than deep, with 21-26 odontodes, small number of pleural ribs (5-6 ribs), and dorsal fin in a posterior position. This is the first record of a Trichomycterus from the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Trichomycterus payaya, espécie nova, é descrita de tributários do alto rio Itapicuru, norte do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. A espécie nova distingue-se dos congêneres por ter cabeça arredondada anteriormente em vista dorsal e ligeiramente deprimida em vista lateral, poros supraorbitais s6 pares, abrindo-se lateralmente no ramo sensorial supraorbital, não emergindo a partir de um ramo epifiseal, processo lateral do urohial afilado distalmente e com extremidades pontiagudas, placa de odontódeos interoperculares mais longa que larga, com 21-26 odontódeos, baixo número de costelas pleurais (5-6 costelas) e nadadeira dorsal em posição posterior. Este éo primeiro registro de um Trichomycterus para o semi-árido do nordeste do Brasil.

Trichomycterus dali, new species, is described from flooded limestone caves in Serra da Bodoquena karst area, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil. The new species is diagnosed by a unique character in the genus, the presence of conspicuous, ridge-like adipose folds lining dorsally throughout the body. Trichomycterus dali can be further distinguished readily from epigean congeners by the reduction of eyes and skin pigmentation (except for T. gorgona), and from remaining congeners (i.e., all hypogean plus T. gorgona) by the total loss of eyes, not visible externally (except for T. sandovali and T. spelaeus). Other diagnostic features includes very long barbels, especially the nasal (99.3-143.5% HL) and the maxillary (97.0-131.3% HL), pectoral-fin ray count reaching I,9 and a unique cranial fontanel with a conspicuous constriction on the meeting point of supraoccipital and the two frontal bones. The troglobitic status of the species is suggested by the presence of troglomorphisms on an advanced degree, especially the reduction of skin pigmentation, the total loss of eyes and the enlarged barbels. In addition, the presence of a well developed adipose fold in adults may indicate a distinctive adaptation acquired by neoteny to withstand the food scarce conditions of its hypogean habitat. Trichomycterus dali, espécie nova, é descrita de cavernas calcárias alagadas na área cárstica da Serra da Bodoquena, estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil central. A nova espécie é diagnosticada por um caráter único no gênero, a presença de dobras adiposas conspícuas, em forma de crista, passando por toda a região dorsal do corpo. Trichomycterus dali pode ser ainda diferenciada facilmente de suas congêneres epígeas pela redução dos olhos e da pigmentação cutânea (exceto para T. gorgona), e das congêneres restantes (isto é, todas as hipógeas mais T. gorgona) pela perda total dos olhos, não visíveis externamente (exceto para T. sandovali e T. spelaeus). Outras características diagnósticas incluem barbilhões muito longos, especialmente o nasal (99,3-143,5% do comprimento da cabeça) e o maxilar (97,0-131,3% do comprimento da cabeça), contagem de raios da nadadeira peitoral atingindo I,9 e uma fontanela cranial única com uma constrição conspícua no ponto de encontro do supraoccipital e dos dois ossos frontais. O status troglóbio da espécie é sugerido pela presença de troglomorfismos em avançado grau, especialmente a redução da pigmentação cutânea, a perda total dos olhos e os barbilhões alongados. Além disso, a presença de uma dobra adiposa bem desenvolvida nos adultos pode indicar uma adaptação distintiva, adquirida por neotenia, para enfrentar as condições alimentares escassas do seu habitat hipógeo.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:43:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1679-62252010000100007.pdf: 13940739 bytes, checksum: e6c2e1ac0a6eb00dada6b6f290e4368e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:43:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1679-62252010000100007.pdf: 13940739 bytes, checksum: e6c2e1ac0a6eb00dada6b6f290e4368e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:31:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1679-62252010000100007.pdf: 13940739 bytes, checksum: e6c2e1ac0a6eb00dada6b6f290e4368e (MD5) S1679-62252010000100007.pdf.txt: 32078 bytes, checksum: e1c3ac26c05c6967b1231a74ee106aa3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:08:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1679-62252010000100007.pdf: 13940739 bytes, checksum: e6c2e1ac0a6eb00dada6b6f290e4368e (MD5) S1679-62252010000100007.pdf.txt: 32078 bytes, checksum: e1c3ac26c05c6967b1231a74ee106aa3 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:08:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1679-62252010000100007.pdf: 13940739 bytes, checksum: e6c2e1ac0a6eb00dada6b6f290e4368e (MD5) S1679-62252010000100007.pdf.txt: 32078 bytes, checksum: e1c3ac26c05c6967b1231a74ee106aa3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) UMC/FAEP O padrão de coloração é reconhecido como uma característica importante para a diagnose das espécies do gênero Trichomycterus e no reconhecimento de suas relações de parentesco. A análise baseada em dados morfológicos e moleculares confirma a existência de uma única espécie de Trichomycterus no rio Itatinga, drenagem litorânea da Serra do Mar e no rio Claro, curso superior do rio Tietê. A única espécie do gênero encontrada, Trichomycterus iheringi, apresenta dois padrões de pigmentação do corpo bastante distintos e padrões de coloração intermediários relacionados ao tamanho corporal e ao micro-habitat. Color pattern is recognized as an important characteristic for diagnosing Trichomycterus species and for elucidating their relationships. An analysis based on morphological and molecular data confirms the existence of a single species of Trichomycterus in the rio Itatinga, a costal river drainage on the escarpment of the Serra do Mar and the rio Claro on the upper course of the rio Tietê. The only species found, Trichomycterus iheringi, shows two clearly distinct patterns of body pigmentation and intermediate color patterns related to body size and microhabitat preference. Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia Laboratório de Genética de Organismos Aquáticos e Aquicultura Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica Laboratório de Ictiologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica Laboratório de Ictiologia CNPq: 306988/2008-9 CNPq: 152782/2007-9

En el libro del ingeniero Vitali, Hidrología mendocina, dice en la página 72, bajo el subtítulo de «Corrientes subterráneas»: «En todo el subsuelo mendocino se encuentran napas de las que se obtiene agua en abundancia; gran parte resultante de las aguas que se licúan en la cordillera se infiltra en los terrenos permeables, a través de las rocas de formación lenticular, y por los fisuramientos de las rocas compactas, hasta alcanzar grandes profundidades. Las aguas así infiltradas forman corrientes subterráneas que en su mínima parte reaparecen en forma de fuentes en las vertientes de los terrenos de fuerte pendiente y a veces en el llano, pero que en su mayor volumen siguen la vía subterránea, aprisionadas por dos o varios estratos impermeables que las obligan a seguir siempre al Este, hasta que dan con un dique natural, ya sea formado por uno de los diversos cordones orográíicos que se conocen, o por umbrales invisibles que les impiden seguir su curso, obligándolas a seguir hacia el Sud-Este., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

Trichomycterus guaraquessaba, new species, from an isolated small river of the Eastern Basin, Guaraquecaba, south Brazil, is described, and T. iheringi is redescribed based on type material. No uniquely derived features were found in T. guaraquessaba that is distinguished from its congeners from south and southeastern Brazil by the combination of several morphological characters. No uniquely derived features were found in T. iheringi that is distinguished from its congeners from south and southeastern Brazil by the combination of several morphological characters. Putative relationships and shared characters are discussed for both species and ecological notes for T. guaraquessaba are presented.

The genus Trichomycterus is a highly diverse group of Neotropical catfishes that encompass almost 60% of all the cur-rently recognized species of the Trichomycteridae. A new species of this genus, T. perkos, is herein described from tribu-taries of the Paranapanema and Uruguai River basins, southern Brazil. The new species exhibits a remarkable ontogeneticchange in its pigmentation, having a unique color pattern when adult. The adult pigmentation consists of three wide darkbrown stripes, located in an inner skin layer of trunk and caudal peduncle, combined with a superficial light brown freck-led pattern on the dorsum and caudal peduncle. Small, presumably juvenile specimens lack the superficial freckles butalready have the dark stripes, thus resembling the color pattern of a few other congeners. Nevertheless, several unequiv-ocal morphological features distinguish both juveniles and adults of T. perkos from these congeners. In spite of the diffi-culties in estimating phylogenetic relationships within Trichomycterus, the new species is tentatively proposed as being the sister-taxon of a small group of species composed by T. crassicaudatus, T. igobi, and T. stawiarski.

The stomach contents of several Trichomycteridae and Cetopsidae were examined from wet-season collections in the Portuguesa River basin, Venezuela. Collections were from piedmont, high llanos, and low llanos habitats. Based on these and other published and unpublished observations the species were classified according to feeding habits. Among the trichomycterids, Trichomycterus kneri and T. meridae feed only on benthic insects, Vandellia feeds only on blood of fishes and other vertebrates, and Stegophilinae (Stegophilus, Homod'iaetus, and Ochmacanthus) are tentatively classified as scale eaters. The only cetopsid species taken contained terrestrial-winged insects. Cetopsids are also schooling piscivores, but none are confirmed to be parasites. Both cetopsids and trichomycterids bear the common name candiru or carnero, but their feeding habits do not indicate close phylogenetic relationship. Three parasitic species were found in the piedmont and four in the high Ilanos, but in the low llanos. where the greatest variety of fishes was found, only Ochmacanthus occurred. OF THE 13 FAMILIES AND ESTIMATED OVER 2500 SPECIES of South American freshwater catfishes, only Trichomycteridae and Cetopsidae are reported to include parasitic species (Gudger 1930, Eigenmann and Allen 1942, Kelley and Atz 1964, Roberts 1972), knowni collectively as candiru, or carnero. The two families were once considered to be closely related primarily because of this similar reputation, but recent taxonomic work has shown that the Trichomycteridae are more closely related to the Loricariidae and Callichthyidae (the armored catfishes) rather than to the Cetopsidae (Baskin 1972, Chardon 1968). The older literature contains many references to the habits of the candiru, but the actual species in question is often obscure, and the exact feeding habits of these catfish families have not been determined by systematic stomach-content analysis. The Trichomycteridae consists of about 30 genera and 136 species, divided into six subfamilies (Baskin 1972). Most are small, worm-like catfishes, characterized as having teeth on the external edges of the opercular bones, and lacking the pectoral and dorsal fin spines found in more typical catfishes. The Trichomycterinae are not considered to be parasitic, and are not included among the candiru; e.g. Eigenmann and Allen (1942) report Trichomycterus dispar feeding on molluscs, crustaceans, and fishes. The Vandelliinae and Stegophilinae contain the reported