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A high-speed rotor wheel for a wind-tunnel experiment has been designed. The rotor wheel was similar to one in an axial turbine, except that slender bars replaced the blades. The main parameters of the rotor wheel were an outer diameter of 10“, a maximum rotational speed of 24,000 RPM and a maximum transferred torque of 64 lb-ft. Due to the working environment, the rotor had to be designed with high safety margins. The coupling of the rotor wheel with the shaft was found to be the most critical issue, because of the high stress concentration factors associated with the conventional coupling methods. The efforts to reduce the stress concentrations resulted in an advanced coupling design which is the main subject of the present paper. This new design was a special key coupling in which six dowel pins were used for keys. The key slots, now pin-grooves, were placed in bosses on the inner surface of the hub. The hub of the rotor wheel was relatively long, which allowed for applying the coupling near the end faces of the hub, that is, away from the highly loaded centerplane. The long hub resulted in low radial expansion in the coupling region. Therefore, solid contact between the shaft and the hub could be maintained for all working conditions. To develop and verify the design ideas, stress and deformation analyses were carried out using quasi-two-dimensional finite element models. An overall safety factor of 3.7 resulted. The rotor has been built and successfully accelerated over the design speed in a spin test pit.

Immunocytochemistry was performed on the nervous system of Helix by the use of an antibody raised against a myotropic neuropeptide, the catch-relaxing peptide (CARP), isolated from Mytilus edulis. In each ganglion of the central nervous system of Helix pomatia, numerous CARP-immunoreactive cell bodies and a dense immunoreactive fiber system could be observed with a dominancy in the cerebral and pedal ganglia. The majority of the immunoreactive neurons are unipolar, although multipolar neurons also occur. In the neuropil areas, CARP-immunoreactive fibers show extensive arborization, which may indicate a central role of CARP. CARP-immunoreactive elements could be observed in each investigated peripheral nerve and peripheral areas, namely in the intestine, heart, aorta, buccal mass, lips, and foot. However, CARP-immunoreactive cell bodies could only be demonstrated in the intestine and the foot musculature. Thin varicose CARP-immunoreactive fibers were observed over both muscle and gland cells in the different peripheral organs, suggesting a peripheral role of CARP. In vivo CARP injection into the body cavity (10(-3), 10(-4), 10(-5) M) altered the general behavioral state of the animals and induced the relaxation of the musculature of the whole body wall indicating that CARP has a significant role in the regulation of muscle contraction.

Subjekte unterscheiden sich nur darin von anderen Komplementen, das sie auf der SUBCAT-Liste eine ausgezeichnete Position besetzen.1 Dies ist eine der Grundannahmen der HPSG in Pollard/Sag (1987; 1994, Kap. 1–8). Das Subjekt wird nicht durch ein von der SUBCAT-Liste unabhangiges Merkmal reprasentiert.

Die in (1) aufgefuhrten Phrasen werden in der generativen Tradition als NPen, in den Ansatzen anderer Autoren innerhalb und auserhalb der Transformationsgrammatik aber — auf einen Ansatz von Fukui (1986) und Abney (1987) zuruckgehend — als DPen klassifiziert.

In diesem Kapitel werden wir die Reprasentationen, Regeln und Prinzipien vorstellen, die im aktuellen Ansatz von Pollard/Sag (1994) Verwendung finden. Wir beginnen mit der Vorstellung des Merkmalsinventars anhand der Reprasentationen von Nomina und Verben. Daran anschliesend werden wir in Abschnitt 4.2 den in Pollard/Sag (1994) fur das Englische postulierten Regel- und Prinzipienapparat diskutieren. Hierbei steht die Behandlung invertierter und nicht-invertierter englischer Satze im Vordergrund.

In der theoretischen Linguistik und der Computerlinguistik hat sich innerhalb der letzten zehn Jahre ein Paradigma der syntaktischen Analyse etabliert, das unter den Namen Unifikationsgrammatik, constraint-basierte Grammatik oder deklarative Grammatiktheorie bekannt geworden ist. Zu diesen Grammatiken zahlt man die Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) (Bresnan 1982), die Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG) (Gazdar et al. 1985), merkmalsbasierte Ansatze innerhalb der Kategorialgrammatik (Bach et al. 1985) und die Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) (Pollard/Sag 1987, 1994).

Wir werden das in Kap. 4 anhand des Englischen illustrierte Instrumentarium der HPSG nun auf einige Probleme in der Syntax des deutschen Satzes anwenden: Die Behandlung der Topikalisierung von Subjekten, Objekten und Adjunkten in Beispielen wie (1), die Verbstellung (2), die Analyse subordinativer Konjunktionen (engl.: Complementizer) (2c) und die Behandlung der Abfolge der Argumente eines Verbs zueinander (3).

The results presented demonstrate that in D neurons of the snail Helix pomatia L., acetylcholine (ACh) (10 divided by 100 microM) and serotonin (5-HT) (0.1 divided by 1000 microM) applications reduce both the basal intracellular concentration level ([Ca2+]in) and the amplitudes of calcium transients induced by membrane depolarization. It is likely that the mechanism of [Ca2+]in changes in the suppression of calcium inward currents (ICa). Influences of Ach and 5-HT on ICa were studied. Both effects were dose-dependent (ACh--0.01 divided by 100 microM and 5-HT--0.1 divided by 1000 microM). The half-maximal effects (IC50) were evoked by ACh concentration of 0.15 microM and 5-HT--15 microM. Furthermore we have also shown that in some cells 5-HT could evoke a transient increase in ICa (IC50 = 2 microM). The effects of Ach and 5-HT were nonadditive--the subsequent application of ACh after 5-HT, and vice versa, produced no inhibitory effects. This may indicate that both substances act through a common intermediate (possibly, G-protein).

A comprehensive study of the flowfield through a two-dimensional cascade of high-pressure turbine blades is presented. The experimental studies were carried out on a cascade of 11 blades in a blow-down tunnel. The static pressure was measured on the cascade side wall and on the blade surfaces. Total pressure and total temperature measurements were taken upstream of the cascade. Shadowgraph pictures were taken for a study of the trailing-edge shock structure and for the turbulent transition location. A single-plate interferometer technique with a new evaluation method was used for density field measurement. For the numerical studies the full Navier-Stokes equations were solved on a nonperiodic C grid. In the attached boundary layer, the turbulence was modeled by an extension of the Clauser eddy viscosity model developed for compressible flow. In the trailing edge and wake region, the Baldwin-Lomax model was used. Good agreement between the measured and the calculated results was obtained for most aspects of the flowfield.

The superpotential for n-step soliton solution is derived in the case of an arbitrary dimensional projector for axially symmetric, static solution of nonlinear principal SU (N) σ-models. This was done by using an inverse scattering method developed by Belinski and Zakharov. Finite energy solutions are constructed for all SU (N) one soliton solutions generated by a single step.

1. 1. A two microelectrode voltage-clamp method was used to investigate the inward and outward membrane currents of snail ventricular fibres. 2. 2. The presence of a slow Ca-sensitive inward current ( I si ) was described. This was activated at - 35 mV and peaked between 0 and + 10 mV. 3. 3. The I-V characteristic of the fully activated outward currents accompanying a 3–5 sec depolarization was N-shaped, indicating the presence of both inward and outward rectification. 4. 4. The time- and voltage-dependent outward current could be resolved into two exponentials when plotted on a semilogarithmic scale. 5. 5. The fast component had a time constant of between 0.5 and 1.2 sec, and this outward current is thought to represent a pacemaker current in a snail heart. The activation variable was 0 at −35 mV and 1 at +45 mV. 6. 6. The time constant of the other component of outward current was found to be between 2.5-4.5 sec. 7. 7. The role of different currents components are discussed.

The generalization of Neugebauer's Backlund transformation is given for the axially symmetricSU (N) Bogomolny equations. An analogue of the Neugebauer-Kramer mapping is constructed for theSU (3) case.

1. Effects of 5-HT on MP was measured on the Helix heart muscle cells pretreated with different drugs. 2. Two types of 5-HT-receptors were distinguished accordingly—whether 5-HT caused a depolarization (D) or hyperpolarization (H). 3. On the basis of interactions of antagonists and 5-HT at receptor sites no specific antagonists were found, but nicotine and morphine blocked mainly the D-response, while atropine and d TC blocked mainly H-response. A possible mechanism of 5-HT-receptor interaction is discussed.

Single sodium channel currents were studied in mouse neuroblastoma cells. Channel conductance (gamma) was 11.6 +/- 3.4 pS at 6-8 degrees C. Unitary current amplitudes and channel activity increased with increasing temperature. The Arrhenius plot of the conductance was linear between 5 and 35 degrees C with an activation enthalpy of 27.1 kJ/mole (Q10 = 1.28). Amplitude distributions were fitted by the sum of two Gaussian functions indicating the presence of two different single channel amplitudes: smaller i1 and larger i2. The relative probability of appearance of i1, which has a shorter mean open time, was higher during the early phase of depolarization (t less than 16 ms). The open time histograms, inactivating phase of macroscopic currents and delay time histograms were fitted by the sum of two exponentials. The distinct kinetic and steady-state parameters reflect two open states of sodium channels.

The authors develop an inverse scattering method for generating static, axially symmetric solutions for SU(N) principal sigma models.

Since 1981 intraoperative balloon dilatation has been performed in 78 patients suffering from occlusive arterial disease of the lower extremities. The indications were claudication in 32, and limb salvage in 46 patients. In most of the 34 patients in whom a proximal iliac stenosis was dilated in association with a femoro-popliteal bypass (10 patients), endarterectomy (19 patients) or profundoplasty (5 patients), the ankle arm index returned to near normal immediately after the procedure. In 44 patients, the femoro-popliteal segment distal to an ilio-femoral reconstruction was dilated. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 60 months with an accumulated patency rate of 97.6% in aortoiliac and 60.2% in femoro-popliteal segment at 5 years. Fourteen patients were dead at five years after the intervention from concurrent cardiac disease. Balloon angioplasty is a valuable adjunct to vascular surgery either to improve inflow or outflow in association with surgical reconstruction.

A systematic framework is derived for constructing a superpotential in static, axially symmetric four-dimensional SU( N ) principal σ-models by applying an inverse scattering method.

1. 1. In experiments with microelectrodes it was found that the resting potential (RP) of the heart muscle cells of Helix pomatia L. is mainly K dependent, but in some degree Ca ions also take part in the maintenance of RP. 2. 2. The action potential generation ceases both in Na- and Ca-free solutions. 3. 3. Under the influence of Li ions and an excess of Ca the speed of the rising phase and the amplitude of the AP increase. 4. 4. TTX (10 −3 M), ouabain (10 −3 M) and MnCl 2 (4 mM) eliminate the generation of action potentials in snail heart muscle cells. 5. 5. It is stated that generation of the action potentials of heart muscle cells in H. pomatia depends on both Na and Ca ions.

The purpose of the study is to focus on finding new ways at the Hungarian wind energy market by concentrating on Small and Medium Wind Turbines (SMWTs) and to nominate barriers what Hungarian wind energy innovators find. The current technology regime, working systems and Blue Economy solutions will be investigated. This topic constitutes an important area, because a necessary technology transformation let new markets to emerge. Based on Deutsch [1] technology regime researches and Painuly [2] framework of renewable energy technology barriers, due to the Hungarian technology regime will be identified. The solution seems to emerge as part of a different technology regime, other than the energy industry, which considers SMWT technologies as a complementary source for core businesses. The study provides a holistic view on the Hungarian market and equip with probable solutions.

1. 1. The effect of a pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin was investigated on transient outward potassium currents of identified snail (Helix pomatia) neurones LPa1 and RPa3. 2. 2. In 5 × 10−5 M concentration the deltamethrin decreased the IA amplitude and the slope of I–V curve. The activation variable was shifted left along the voltage axis by 10–20 mV, while the inactivation variable remained unchanged. 3. 3. Time constant of inactivation decreased, and the relaxation of IA described by one exponential. “Modified” ionic channel fraction was not observed. 4. 4. It is suggested that deltamethrin acts on IA channels through a different molecular mechanism to INa channels, since not only the gating machinery but the permeability of the channels were influenced.

The effect of Ca-free solution upon the ultrastructure and electrical activity of the heart muscle cells of Helix pomatia was investigated. The ultrastructure of the heart of Helix pomatia differs from that of vertebrate species but is similar to the heart of other Mollusca and shows characteristic alterations to Ca-lack. Short incubation or perfusion in Ca-free solution for 30 min or 1 h, caused the swelling of the sub-sarcolemmal cisterns. In the experiments of longer duration (4 h), the ultrastructural damage to the mitochondria was significant. In a Ca-free solution the contractile activity disappeared and the generation of action potentials ceased. It seems that Ca plays an important role in Helix heart both in the excitation-contraction coupling and in generation of the action potentials.

Oxidation of furan-2-carboximidamides 8 by (dicarboxyiodo)benzenes gives N1-acyl-N1-(2-furyl)ureas 9via rearrangement to a carbodiimide. Thermolysis of eleven ureas 9 gave the corresponding 2-acylaminofurans 10, which cannot be made from the free amines owing to their high instability. When oxidation of the corresponding benzo[b]furan derivatives 12 was investigated a new type of product was isolated, in addition to the expected ureas 14, and these were shown to be benzo[4,5]furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives 15. The mechanism of formation of these products must involve reaction of the carbodiimide intermediate with the amidine precursor and cyclisation of the resulting guanidine derivatives 19. The corresponding tetraphenylguanidine 21 was prepared and underwent thermal cyclisation but the quinazoline derivative formed 23 was shown to occur via an alternative cyclisation mechanism. The structures of cyclisation products 15 and 23 were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. N-(2-Furyl)acetamide 10a readily undergoes cycloaddition reactions with electron-deficient alkynes to give phenols after spontaneous ring opening. Observed regioselectivity is in agreement with the results of AM1 molecular orbital calculations. Reaction of the amide 10a with Lawesson’s reagent gave the thioamide 26.

IT IS known that dorsal root neurons conducting different types of sensation run a different course after entering the spinal cord and terminate in different nuclei. Knowledge of the exact course of pathways for the several modalities of sensation, however, is still fragmentary. A wide gap remains especially between the primary sensory root neurons and the better known longer central pathways containing the secondary sensory neurons. It is not known exactly on which ganglion cells the dorsal root fibers subserving different functions terminate and whether this second group of ganglion cells contribute fibers to the long ascending tracts or internuncial ganglion cells with a short axon deliver the sensory impulses to a third group of neurons, with a longer axon. Especially defective is information concerning the exact termination of neurons within the spinal cord and the brain stem which belong to receptors situated in different parts of the sensory segment

Drought around the world is one of the most important yield reducing factor. From the cross of winter wheat varieties (Plainsman V x Mv Magma) doubled haploid (DH) population was created consisting of 174 lines to investigate the drought tolerance of the genotypes exposed to two treatments; natural rain-fed and well-watered conditions in the field. The object of the experiment was to determine the yield production capacity of the DH lines under natural rain-fed conditions and to compare the effect of changes in the yield components due to irrigation. After ripening, the wheat plants were harvested from both treatments. The plant height, the length of last internode, number of spikelets, seed number, seed weight on the main stem; the number of reproductive tillers, seed number and weight per plant was determined. The effect of irrigation was investigated on the morphological parameters and yield properties which changed due to well watered conditions in the wheat plants. Averaged over the DH lines, the heading date was significantly affected by irrigation. Irrigation significantly increased all the morphological parameters. Not only the average, but also the minimum and maximum values increased significantly for spikelet number, reproductive tiller number and plant height. Changes in the morphological parameters resulted in significant alterations in the yield components. The irrigation significantly increased the total grain number per plant, the thousand kernel weight and the grain yield averaged over the DH lines. The results showed that the morphological parameters and yield components can still be some of the most effective features to estimate the tolerance of wheat in response to stress factors. This project was supported by the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the project DROPS (EU-FP7 No. 244374).