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201. Henry Highland Garnet on Emancipation in Washington, DC, May 12, 1862

Author: Obama, Barack, Gates Jr, Henry Louis, Fields, Barbara Jeanne, Thomas, Clarence, Harding, Vincent, Berry, Mary Frances, Strickland, Arvarh E., Hodges, Norman E. W., Sengstacke, John H, Moon, Henry Lee, Bennett Jr, Lerone, Lester, Julius, Brooks, Gwendolyn, Malcolm X, Julius, Bates, Daisy, Wesley, Charles H, Drake, St. Clair, Quarles, Benjamin, Sampson, Edith, Marshall, Thurgood, King Jr, Martin Luther, Robinson, Jackie, Murphy, Carl J, Johnson, Mordecai W, Wilkins, Roy, Bunche, Ralph J, Townsend, Willard, Jackson, Luther Porter, Baker, Ella, Franklin, John Hope, Bethune, Mary McLeod, Rogers, Joel A, Simmons, Roscoe Conkling, McKay, Claude, Payne, Aaron H, Evans, Grace, Mitchell, Arthur W, Gordon, Eugene, Imes, William Lloyd, Vann, Robert L, Lilly, William E, Haynes, Samuel A, Perkins, Lamar, White, Walter, Chesnutt, Charles, HUGHES, LANGSTON, Johnson, Georgia Douglas, Moton, Robert R, Woodson, Carter G, Harrison, Hubert H, Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, Johnson, Edward A, Gadsden, Richard W, Bush-Banks, Oliva Ward, Allain, Theophile T, Wright Sr, Robert R, Murphy Sr, John H, Lewis, William H, Johnson, James Weldon, Yates, Josephine Silone, Baker, Thomas Nelson, Ball, Cora J, Bowen Sr, John W. E., Curtis, James L, Magee, James H, Smith, Harry C, Williams, Sylvanie F, Moore, Fred R, Gandy, John M, Cottin, Etta M. T., Miller, Kelly, Pickens, William, Henderson, George W, Inborden, Thomas S, Knox, George L, Floyd, Silas X, Kealing, Hightower T, Griffin, Maude K, Trotter, William Monroe, Du Bois, W. E. B, Ransom, Reverdy C, Fortune, T. Thomas, Terrell, Mary Church, Barber, Jesse Max, Sinclair, William A, Keckly, Elizabeth, Grimke, Archibald H, Thomas, Elizabeth, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, Wells-Barnett, Ida B, Taylor, Julius F, Tubman, Harriet, Washington, Booker T, Anderson, Charles W, Hammond, EWS, Clark, Peter H, Langston, John Mercer, Scarborough, William S, Love, Emmanuel K, Williams, George Washington, Cordelia, H, Liverpool, Thomas N.C, Trevigne, Paul, Keckley, Elizabeth, Le Vere, George W, Wagoner, Henry O, Demby, Angeline R, Thomas, Jacob, Newton, Alexander H, Hill, Isaac J, Washington, George, Delany, Martin, Truth, Sojourner, Chase, S.W., Davis, Annie, Africano, S.W., Pennington, James W.C, Stephens, George E, Rutter, Don Carlos, North Carolina Freedmen, George E, Bertonneau, Arnold, Roudanez, Jean Baptiste, Cain, Richard H, Beman, Amos G, Burr, Mattild, Morgan, John H, Street, Thomas R, Johnson, Henry, Florville, William, African Civilization Society, Henry, Menard, John Willis, Asher, Jeremiah, Grimes, Leonard A, Johnson, Hannah, Purvis, Robert, Proctor, John, Hudson, James H, Chester, Thomas Morris, Anderson, Osborne P, Sanderson, Jeremiah B, Augusta, Alexander T, Smith, James, CPS, Alexander T, Johnson, Ezra R, Strother, Thomas, Vashon, George B, Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, Smith, Alfred P, Thomas, Edward M, Bell, Philip A, Garnet, Henry Highland, Payne, Daniel Alexander, Turner, Henry McNeal, Campbell, Jabez P, Hamilton, Robert, Hamilton, Thomas, Douglas, H. Ford, Douglass, Frederick, Weber, Jennifer L, Sellers, John R, Prokopowicz, Gerald J, Pinsker, Matthew, Oakes, James, Medford, Edna Greene, Carwardine, Richard, Burlingame, Michael, Wilson, Douglas L., Davis, Rodney O., Norman, Matthew D., and Hord, Fred Lee
Published: 2022

202. Daniel Alexander Payne, Account of Meeting with Lincoln, April 1862

Author: Obama, Barack, Gates Jr, Henry Louis, Fields, Barbara Jeanne, Thomas, Clarence, Harding, Vincent, Berry, Mary Frances, Strickland, Arvarh E., Hodges, Norman E. W., Sengstacke, John H, Moon, Henry Lee, Bennett Jr, Lerone, Lester, Julius, Brooks, Gwendolyn, Malcolm X, Julius, Bates, Daisy, Wesley, Charles H, Drake, St. Clair, Quarles, Benjamin, Sampson, Edith, Marshall, Thurgood, King Jr, Martin Luther, Robinson, Jackie, Murphy, Carl J, Johnson, Mordecai W, Wilkins, Roy, Bunche, Ralph J, Townsend, Willard, Jackson, Luther Porter, Baker, Ella, Franklin, John Hope, Bethune, Mary McLeod, Rogers, Joel A, Simmons, Roscoe Conkling, McKay, Claude, Payne, Aaron H, Evans, Grace, Mitchell, Arthur W, Gordon, Eugene, Imes, William Lloyd, Vann, Robert L, Lilly, William E, Haynes, Samuel A, Perkins, Lamar, White, Walter, Chesnutt, Charles, HUGHES, LANGSTON, Johnson, Georgia Douglas, Moton, Robert R, Woodson, Carter G, Harrison, Hubert H, Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, Johnson, Edward A, Gadsden, Richard W, Bush-Banks, Oliva Ward, Allain, Theophile T, Wright Sr, Robert R, Murphy Sr, John H, Lewis, William H, Johnson, James Weldon, Yates, Josephine Silone, Baker, Thomas Nelson, Ball, Cora J, Bowen Sr, John W. E., Curtis, James L, Magee, James H, Smith, Harry C, Williams, Sylvanie F, Moore, Fred R, Gandy, John M, Cottin, Etta M. T., Miller, Kelly, Pickens, William, Henderson, George W, Inborden, Thomas S, Knox, George L, Floyd, Silas X, Kealing, Hightower T, Griffin, Maude K, Trotter, William Monroe, Du Bois, W. E. B, Ransom, Reverdy C, Fortune, T. Thomas, Terrell, Mary Church, Barber, Jesse Max, Sinclair, William A, Keckly, Elizabeth, Grimke, Archibald H, Thomas, Elizabeth, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, Wells-Barnett, Ida B, Taylor, Julius F, Tubman, Harriet, Washington, Booker T, Anderson, Charles W, Hammond, EWS, Clark, Peter H, Langston, John Mercer, Scarborough, William S, Love, Emmanuel K, Williams, George Washington, Cordelia, H, Liverpool, Thomas N.C, Trevigne, Paul, Keckley, Elizabeth, Le Vere, George W, Wagoner, Henry O, Demby, Angeline R, Thomas, Jacob, Newton, Alexander H, Hill, Isaac J, Washington, George, Delany, Martin, Truth, Sojourner, Chase, S.W., Davis, Annie, Africano, S.W., Pennington, James W.C, Stephens, George E, Rutter, Don Carlos, North Carolina Freedmen, George E, Bertonneau, Arnold, Roudanez, Jean Baptiste, Cain, Richard H, Beman, Amos G, Burr, Mattild, Morgan, John H, Street, Thomas R, Johnson, Henry, Florville, William, African Civilization Society, Henry, Menard, John Willis, Asher, Jeremiah, Grimes, Leonard A, Johnson, Hannah, Purvis, Robert, Proctor, John, Hudson, James H, Chester, Thomas Morris, Anderson, Osborne P, Sanderson, Jeremiah B, Augusta, Alexander T, Smith, James, CPS, Alexander T, Johnson, Ezra R, Strother, Thomas, Vashon, George B, Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, Smith, Alfred P, Thomas, Edward M, Bell, Philip A, Garnet, Henry Highland, Payne, Daniel Alexander, Turner, Henry McNeal, Campbell, Jabez P, Hamilton, Robert, Hamilton, Thomas, Douglas, H. Ford, Douglass, Frederick, Weber, Jennifer L, Sellers, John R, Prokopowicz, Gerald J, Pinsker, Matthew, Oakes, James, Medford, Edna Greene, Carwardine, Richard, Burlingame, Michael, Wilson, Douglas L., Davis, Rodney O., Norman, Matthew D., and Hord, Fred Lee
Published: 2022

203. Edward M. Thomas to Abraham Lincoln, Washington, DC, August 16, 1862

Author: Obama, Barack, Gates Jr, Henry Louis, Fields, Barbara Jeanne, Thomas, Clarence, Harding, Vincent, Berry, Mary Frances, Strickland, Arvarh E., Hodges, Norman E. W., Sengstacke, John H, Moon, Henry Lee, Bennett Jr, Lerone, Lester, Julius, Brooks, Gwendolyn, Malcolm X, Julius, Bates, Daisy, Wesley, Charles H, Drake, St. Clair, Quarles, Benjamin, Sampson, Edith, Marshall, Thurgood, King Jr, Martin Luther, Robinson, Jackie, Murphy, Carl J, Johnson, Mordecai W, Wilkins, Roy, Bunche, Ralph J, Townsend, Willard, Jackson, Luther Porter, Baker, Ella, Franklin, John Hope, Bethune, Mary McLeod, Rogers, Joel A, Simmons, Roscoe Conkling, McKay, Claude, Payne, Aaron H, Evans, Grace, Mitchell, Arthur W, Gordon, Eugene, Imes, William Lloyd, Vann, Robert L, Lilly, William E, Haynes, Samuel A, Perkins, Lamar, White, Walter, Chesnutt, Charles, HUGHES, LANGSTON, Johnson, Georgia Douglas, Moton, Robert R, Woodson, Carter G, Harrison, Hubert H, Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, Johnson, Edward A, Gadsden, Richard W, Bush-Banks, Oliva Ward, Allain, Theophile T, Wright Sr, Robert R, Murphy Sr, John H, Lewis, William H, Johnson, James Weldon, Yates, Josephine Silone, Baker, Thomas Nelson, Ball, Cora J, Bowen Sr, John W. E., Curtis, James L, Magee, James H, Smith, Harry C, Williams, Sylvanie F, Moore, Fred R, Gandy, John M, Cottin, Etta M. T., Miller, Kelly, Pickens, William, Henderson, George W, Inborden, Thomas S, Knox, George L, Floyd, Silas X, Kealing, Hightower T, Griffin, Maude K, Trotter, William Monroe, Du Bois, W. E. B, Ransom, Reverdy C, Fortune, T. Thomas, Terrell, Mary Church, Barber, Jesse Max, Sinclair, William A, Keckly, Elizabeth, Grimke, Archibald H, Thomas, Elizabeth, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, Wells-Barnett, Ida B, Taylor, Julius F, Tubman, Harriet, Washington, Booker T, Anderson, Charles W, Hammond, EWS, Clark, Peter H, Langston, John Mercer, Scarborough, William S, Love, Emmanuel K, Williams, George Washington, Cordelia, H, Liverpool, Thomas N.C, Trevigne, Paul, Keckley, Elizabeth, Le Vere, George W, Wagoner, Henry O, Demby, Angeline R, Thomas, Jacob, Newton, Alexander H, Hill, Isaac J, Washington, George, Delany, Martin, Truth, Sojourner, Chase, S.W., Davis, Annie, Africano, S.W., Pennington, James W.C, Stephens, George E, Rutter, Don Carlos, North Carolina Freedmen, George E, Bertonneau, Arnold, Roudanez, Jean Baptiste, Cain, Richard H, Beman, Amos G, Burr, Mattild, Morgan, John H, Street, Thomas R, Johnson, Henry, Florville, William, African Civilization Society, Henry, Menard, John Willis, Asher, Jeremiah, Grimes, Leonard A, Johnson, Hannah, Purvis, Robert, Proctor, John, Hudson, James H, Chester, Thomas Morris, Anderson, Osborne P, Sanderson, Jeremiah B, Augusta, Alexander T, Smith, James, CPS, Alexander T, Johnson, Ezra R, Strother, Thomas, Vashon, George B, Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, Smith, Alfred P, Thomas, Edward M, Bell, Philip A, Garnet, Henry Highland, Payne, Daniel Alexander, Turner, Henry McNeal, Campbell, Jabez P, Hamilton, Robert, Hamilton, Thomas, Douglas, H. Ford, Douglass, Frederick, Weber, Jennifer L, Sellers, John R, Prokopowicz, Gerald J, Pinsker, Matthew, Oakes, James, Medford, Edna Greene, Carwardine, Richard, Burlingame, Michael, Wilson, Douglas L., Davis, Rodney O., Norman, Matthew D., and Hord, Fred Lee
Published: 2022

204. Robert Hamilton, “The Emancipation Message,' March 22, 1862

Author: Obama, Barack, Gates Jr, Henry Louis, Fields, Barbara Jeanne, Thomas, Clarence, Harding, Vincent, Berry, Mary Frances, Strickland, Arvarh E., Hodges, Norman E. W., Sengstacke, John H, Moon, Henry Lee, Bennett Jr, Lerone, Lester, Julius, Brooks, Gwendolyn, Malcolm X, Julius, Bates, Daisy, Wesley, Charles H, Drake, St. Clair, Quarles, Benjamin, Sampson, Edith, Marshall, Thurgood, King Jr, Martin Luther, Robinson, Jackie, Murphy, Carl J, Johnson, Mordecai W, Wilkins, Roy, Bunche, Ralph J, Townsend, Willard, Jackson, Luther Porter, Baker, Ella, Franklin, John Hope, Bethune, Mary McLeod, Rogers, Joel A, Simmons, Roscoe Conkling, McKay, Claude, Payne, Aaron H, Evans, Grace, Mitchell, Arthur W, Gordon, Eugene, Imes, William Lloyd, Vann, Robert L, Lilly, William E, Haynes, Samuel A, Perkins, Lamar, White, Walter, Chesnutt, Charles, HUGHES, LANGSTON, Johnson, Georgia Douglas, Moton, Robert R, Woodson, Carter G, Harrison, Hubert H, Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, Johnson, Edward A, Gadsden, Richard W, Bush-Banks, Oliva Ward, Allain, Theophile T, Wright Sr, Robert R, Murphy Sr, John H, Lewis, William H, Johnson, James Weldon, Yates, Josephine Silone, Baker, Thomas Nelson, Ball, Cora J, Bowen Sr, John W. E., Curtis, James L, Magee, James H, Smith, Harry C, Williams, Sylvanie F, Moore, Fred R, Gandy, John M, Cottin, Etta M. T., Miller, Kelly, Pickens, William, Henderson, George W, Inborden, Thomas S, Knox, George L, Floyd, Silas X, Kealing, Hightower T, Griffin, Maude K, Trotter, William Monroe, Du Bois, W. E. B, Ransom, Reverdy C, Fortune, T. Thomas, Terrell, Mary Church, Barber, Jesse Max, Sinclair, William A, Keckly, Elizabeth, Grimke, Archibald H, Thomas, Elizabeth, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, Wells-Barnett, Ida B, Taylor, Julius F, Tubman, Harriet, Washington, Booker T, Anderson, Charles W, Hammond, EWS, Clark, Peter H, Langston, John Mercer, Scarborough, William S, Love, Emmanuel K, Williams, George Washington, Cordelia, H, Liverpool, Thomas N.C, Trevigne, Paul, Keckley, Elizabeth, Le Vere, George W, Wagoner, Henry O, Demby, Angeline R, Thomas, Jacob, Newton, Alexander H, Hill, Isaac J, Washington, George, Delany, Martin, Truth, Sojourner, Chase, S.W., Davis, Annie, Africano, S.W., Pennington, James W.C, Stephens, George E, Rutter, Don Carlos, North Carolina Freedmen, George E, Bertonneau, Arnold, Roudanez, Jean Baptiste, Cain, Richard H, Beman, Amos G, Burr, Mattild, Morgan, John H, Street, Thomas R, Johnson, Henry, Florville, William, African Civilization Society, Henry, Menard, John Willis, Asher, Jeremiah, Grimes, Leonard A, Johnson, Hannah, Purvis, Robert, Proctor, John, Hudson, James H, Chester, Thomas Morris, Anderson, Osborne P, Sanderson, Jeremiah B, Augusta, Alexander T, Smith, James, CPS, Alexander T, Johnson, Ezra R, Strother, Thomas, Vashon, George B, Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, Smith, Alfred P, Thomas, Edward M, Bell, Philip A, Garnet, Henry Highland, Payne, Daniel Alexander, Turner, Henry McNeal, Campbell, Jabez P, Hamilton, Robert, Hamilton, Thomas, Douglas, H. Ford, Douglass, Frederick, Weber, Jennifer L, Sellers, John R, Prokopowicz, Gerald J, Pinsker, Matthew, Oakes, James, Medford, Edna Greene, Carwardine, Richard, Burlingame, Michael, Wilson, Douglas L., Davis, Rodney O., Norman, Matthew D., and Hord, Fred Lee
Published: 2022

205. Jabez P. Campbell, The President and the Colored People, Trenton, New Jersey, October 1, 1861

Author: Obama, Barack, Gates Jr, Henry Louis, Fields, Barbara Jeanne, Thomas, Clarence, Harding, Vincent, Berry, Mary Frances, Strickland, Arvarh E., Hodges, Norman E. W., Sengstacke, John H, Moon, Henry Lee, Bennett Jr, Lerone, Lester, Julius, Brooks, Gwendolyn, Malcolm X, Julius, Bates, Daisy, Wesley, Charles H, Drake, St. Clair, Quarles, Benjamin, Sampson, Edith, Marshall, Thurgood, King Jr, Martin Luther, Robinson, Jackie, Murphy, Carl J, Johnson, Mordecai W, Wilkins, Roy, Bunche, Ralph J, Townsend, Willard, Jackson, Luther Porter, Baker, Ella, Franklin, John Hope, Bethune, Mary McLeod, Rogers, Joel A, Simmons, Roscoe Conkling, McKay, Claude, Payne, Aaron H, Evans, Grace, Mitchell, Arthur W, Gordon, Eugene, Imes, William Lloyd, Vann, Robert L, Lilly, William E, Haynes, Samuel A, Perkins, Lamar, White, Walter, Chesnutt, Charles, HUGHES, LANGSTON, Johnson, Georgia Douglas, Moton, Robert R, Woodson, Carter G, Harrison, Hubert H, Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, Johnson, Edward A, Gadsden, Richard W, Bush-Banks, Oliva Ward, Allain, Theophile T, Wright Sr, Robert R, Murphy Sr, John H, Lewis, William H, Johnson, James Weldon, Yates, Josephine Silone, Baker, Thomas Nelson, Ball, Cora J, Bowen Sr, John W. E., Curtis, James L, Magee, James H, Smith, Harry C, Williams, Sylvanie F, Moore, Fred R, Gandy, John M, Cottin, Etta M. T., Miller, Kelly, Pickens, William, Henderson, George W, Inborden, Thomas S, Knox, George L, Floyd, Silas X, Kealing, Hightower T, Griffin, Maude K, Trotter, William Monroe, Du Bois, W. E. B, Ransom, Reverdy C, Fortune, T. Thomas, Terrell, Mary Church, Barber, Jesse Max, Sinclair, William A, Keckly, Elizabeth, Grimke, Archibald H, Thomas, Elizabeth, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, Wells-Barnett, Ida B, Taylor, Julius F, Tubman, Harriet, Washington, Booker T, Anderson, Charles W, Hammond, EWS, Clark, Peter H, Langston, John Mercer, Scarborough, William S, Love, Emmanuel K, Williams, George Washington, Cordelia, H, Liverpool, Thomas N.C, Trevigne, Paul, Keckley, Elizabeth, Le Vere, George W, Wagoner, Henry O, Demby, Angeline R, Thomas, Jacob, Newton, Alexander H, Hill, Isaac J, Washington, George, Delany, Martin, Truth, Sojourner, Chase, S.W., Davis, Annie, Africano, S.W., Pennington, James W.C, Stephens, George E, Rutter, Don Carlos, North Carolina Freedmen, George E, Bertonneau, Arnold, Roudanez, Jean Baptiste, Cain, Richard H, Beman, Amos G, Burr, Mattild, Morgan, John H, Street, Thomas R, Johnson, Henry, Florville, William, African Civilization Society, Henry, Menard, John Willis, Asher, Jeremiah, Grimes, Leonard A, Johnson, Hannah, Purvis, Robert, Proctor, John, Hudson, James H, Chester, Thomas Morris, Anderson, Osborne P, Sanderson, Jeremiah B, Augusta, Alexander T, Smith, James, CPS, Alexander T, Johnson, Ezra R, Strother, Thomas, Vashon, George B, Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, Smith, Alfred P, Thomas, Edward M, Bell, Philip A, Garnet, Henry Highland, Payne, Daniel Alexander, Turner, Henry McNeal, Campbell, Jabez P, Hamilton, Robert, Hamilton, Thomas, Douglas, H. Ford, Douglass, Frederick, Weber, Jennifer L, Sellers, John R, Prokopowicz, Gerald J, Pinsker, Matthew, Oakes, James, Medford, Edna Greene, Carwardine, Richard, Burlingame, Michael, Wilson, Douglas L., Davis, Rodney O., Norman, Matthew D., and Hord, Fred Lee
Published: 2022

206. Robert Hamilton, The Hanging of Gordon for Man Stealing, March 1, 1862

Author: Obama, Barack, Gates Jr, Henry Louis, Fields, Barbara Jeanne, Thomas, Clarence, Harding, Vincent, Berry, Mary Frances, Strickland, Arvarh E., Hodges, Norman E. W., Sengstacke, John H, Moon, Henry Lee, Bennett Jr, Lerone, Lester, Julius, Brooks, Gwendolyn, Malcolm X, Julius, Bates, Daisy, Wesley, Charles H, Drake, St. Clair, Quarles, Benjamin, Sampson, Edith, Marshall, Thurgood, King Jr, Martin Luther, Robinson, Jackie, Murphy, Carl J, Johnson, Mordecai W, Wilkins, Roy, Bunche, Ralph J, Townsend, Willard, Jackson, Luther Porter, Baker, Ella, Franklin, John Hope, Bethune, Mary McLeod, Rogers, Joel A, Simmons, Roscoe Conkling, McKay, Claude, Payne, Aaron H, Evans, Grace, Mitchell, Arthur W, Gordon, Eugene, Imes, William Lloyd, Vann, Robert L, Lilly, William E, Haynes, Samuel A, Perkins, Lamar, White, Walter, Chesnutt, Charles, HUGHES, LANGSTON, Johnson, Georgia Douglas, Moton, Robert R, Woodson, Carter G, Harrison, Hubert H, Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, Johnson, Edward A, Gadsden, Richard W, Bush-Banks, Oliva Ward, Allain, Theophile T, Wright Sr, Robert R, Murphy Sr, John H, Lewis, William H, Johnson, James Weldon, Yates, Josephine Silone, Baker, Thomas Nelson, Ball, Cora J, Bowen Sr, John W. E., Curtis, James L, Magee, James H, Smith, Harry C, Williams, Sylvanie F, Moore, Fred R, Gandy, John M, Cottin, Etta M. T., Miller, Kelly, Pickens, William, Henderson, George W, Inborden, Thomas S, Knox, George L, Floyd, Silas X, Kealing, Hightower T, Griffin, Maude K, Trotter, William Monroe, Du Bois, W. E. B, Ransom, Reverdy C, Fortune, T. Thomas, Terrell, Mary Church, Barber, Jesse Max, Sinclair, William A, Keckly, Elizabeth, Grimke, Archibald H, Thomas, Elizabeth, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, Wells-Barnett, Ida B, Taylor, Julius F, Tubman, Harriet, Washington, Booker T, Anderson, Charles W, Hammond, EWS, Clark, Peter H, Langston, John Mercer, Scarborough, William S, Love, Emmanuel K, Williams, George Washington, Cordelia, H, Liverpool, Thomas N.C, Trevigne, Paul, Keckley, Elizabeth, Le Vere, George W, Wagoner, Henry O, Demby, Angeline R, Thomas, Jacob, Newton, Alexander H, Hill, Isaac J, Washington, George, Delany, Martin, Truth, Sojourner, Chase, S.W., Davis, Annie, Africano, S.W., Pennington, James W.C, Stephens, George E, Rutter, Don Carlos, North Carolina Freedmen, George E, Bertonneau, Arnold, Roudanez, Jean Baptiste, Cain, Richard H, Beman, Amos G, Burr, Mattild, Morgan, John H, Street, Thomas R, Johnson, Henry, Florville, William, African Civilization Society, Henry, Menard, John Willis, Asher, Jeremiah, Grimes, Leonard A, Johnson, Hannah, Purvis, Robert, Proctor, John, Hudson, James H, Chester, Thomas Morris, Anderson, Osborne P, Sanderson, Jeremiah B, Augusta, Alexander T, Smith, James, CPS, Alexander T, Johnson, Ezra R, Strother, Thomas, Vashon, George B, Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, Smith, Alfred P, Thomas, Edward M, Bell, Philip A, Garnet, Henry Highland, Payne, Daniel Alexander, Turner, Henry McNeal, Campbell, Jabez P, Hamilton, Robert, Hamilton, Thomas, Douglas, H. Ford, Douglass, Frederick, Weber, Jennifer L, Sellers, John R, Prokopowicz, Gerald J, Pinsker, Matthew, Oakes, James, Medford, Edna Greene, Carwardine, Richard, Burlingame, Michael, Wilson, Douglas L., Davis, Rodney O., Norman, Matthew D., and Hord, Fred Lee
Published: 2022

207. Frederick Douglass, “The Inaugural Address,' April, 1861

Author: Obama, Barack, Gates Jr, Henry Louis, Fields, Barbara Jeanne, Thomas, Clarence, Harding, Vincent, Berry, Mary Frances, Strickland, Arvarh E., Hodges, Norman E. W., Sengstacke, John H, Moon, Henry Lee, Bennett Jr, Lerone, Lester, Julius, Brooks, Gwendolyn, Malcolm X, Julius, Bates, Daisy, Wesley, Charles H, Drake, St. Clair, Quarles, Benjamin, Sampson, Edith, Marshall, Thurgood, King Jr, Martin Luther, Robinson, Jackie, Murphy, Carl J, Johnson, Mordecai W, Wilkins, Roy, Bunche, Ralph J, Townsend, Willard, Jackson, Luther Porter, Baker, Ella, Franklin, John Hope, Bethune, Mary McLeod, Rogers, Joel A, Simmons, Roscoe Conkling, McKay, Claude, Payne, Aaron H, Evans, Grace, Mitchell, Arthur W, Gordon, Eugene, Imes, William Lloyd, Vann, Robert L, Lilly, William E, Haynes, Samuel A, Perkins, Lamar, White, Walter, Chesnutt, Charles, HUGHES, LANGSTON, Johnson, Georgia Douglas, Moton, Robert R, Woodson, Carter G, Harrison, Hubert H, Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, Johnson, Edward A, Gadsden, Richard W, Bush-Banks, Oliva Ward, Allain, Theophile T, Wright Sr, Robert R, Murphy Sr, John H, Lewis, William H, Johnson, James Weldon, Yates, Josephine Silone, Baker, Thomas Nelson, Ball, Cora J, Bowen Sr, John W. E., Curtis, James L, Magee, James H, Smith, Harry C, Williams, Sylvanie F, Moore, Fred R, Gandy, John M, Cottin, Etta M. T., Miller, Kelly, Pickens, William, Henderson, George W, Inborden, Thomas S, Knox, George L, Floyd, Silas X, Kealing, Hightower T, Griffin, Maude K, Trotter, William Monroe, Du Bois, W. E. B, Ransom, Reverdy C, Fortune, T. Thomas, Terrell, Mary Church, Barber, Jesse Max, Sinclair, William A, Keckly, Elizabeth, Grimke, Archibald H, Thomas, Elizabeth, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, Wells-Barnett, Ida B, Taylor, Julius F, Tubman, Harriet, Washington, Booker T, Anderson, Charles W, Hammond, EWS, Clark, Peter H, Langston, John Mercer, Scarborough, William S, Love, Emmanuel K, Williams, George Washington, Cordelia, H, Liverpool, Thomas N.C, Trevigne, Paul, Keckley, Elizabeth, Le Vere, George W, Wagoner, Henry O, Demby, Angeline R, Thomas, Jacob, Newton, Alexander H, Hill, Isaac J, Washington, George, Delany, Martin, Truth, Sojourner, Chase, S.W., Davis, Annie, Africano, S.W., Pennington, James W.C, Stephens, George E, Rutter, Don Carlos, North Carolina Freedmen, George E, Bertonneau, Arnold, Roudanez, Jean Baptiste, Cain, Richard H, Beman, Amos G, Burr, Mattild, Morgan, John H, Street, Thomas R, Johnson, Henry, Florville, William, African Civilization Society, Henry, Menard, John Willis, Asher, Jeremiah, Grimes, Leonard A, Johnson, Hannah, Purvis, Robert, Proctor, John, Hudson, James H, Chester, Thomas Morris, Anderson, Osborne P, Sanderson, Jeremiah B, Augusta, Alexander T, Smith, James, CPS, Alexander T, Johnson, Ezra R, Strother, Thomas, Vashon, George B, Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, Smith, Alfred P, Thomas, Edward M, Bell, Philip A, Garnet, Henry Highland, Payne, Daniel Alexander, Turner, Henry McNeal, Campbell, Jabez P, Hamilton, Robert, Hamilton, Thomas, Douglas, H. Ford, Douglass, Frederick, Weber, Jennifer L, Sellers, John R, Prokopowicz, Gerald J, Pinsker, Matthew, Oakes, James, Medford, Edna Greene, Carwardine, Richard, Burlingame, Michael, Wilson, Douglas L., Davis, Rodney O., Norman, Matthew D., and Hord, Fred Lee
Published: 2022

208. Thomas Hamilton, President Lincoln's Inaugural, March 16, 1861

Author: Obama, Barack, Gates Jr, Henry Louis, Fields, Barbara Jeanne, Thomas, Clarence, Harding, Vincent, Berry, Mary Frances, Strickland, Arvarh E., Hodges, Norman E. W., Sengstacke, John H, Moon, Henry Lee, Bennett Jr, Lerone, Lester, Julius, Brooks, Gwendolyn, Malcolm X, Julius, Bates, Daisy, Wesley, Charles H, Drake, St. Clair, Quarles, Benjamin, Sampson, Edith, Marshall, Thurgood, King Jr, Martin Luther, Robinson, Jackie, Murphy, Carl J, Johnson, Mordecai W, Wilkins, Roy, Bunche, Ralph J, Townsend, Willard, Jackson, Luther Porter, Baker, Ella, Franklin, John Hope, Bethune, Mary McLeod, Rogers, Joel A, Simmons, Roscoe Conkling, McKay, Claude, Payne, Aaron H, Evans, Grace, Mitchell, Arthur W, Gordon, Eugene, Imes, William Lloyd, Vann, Robert L, Lilly, William E, Haynes, Samuel A, Perkins, Lamar, White, Walter, Chesnutt, Charles, HUGHES, LANGSTON, Johnson, Georgia Douglas, Moton, Robert R, Woodson, Carter G, Harrison, Hubert H, Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, Johnson, Edward A, Gadsden, Richard W, Bush-Banks, Oliva Ward, Allain, Theophile T, Wright Sr, Robert R, Murphy Sr, John H, Lewis, William H, Johnson, James Weldon, Yates, Josephine Silone, Baker, Thomas Nelson, Ball, Cora J, Bowen Sr, John W. E., Curtis, James L, Magee, James H, Smith, Harry C, Williams, Sylvanie F, Moore, Fred R, Gandy, John M, Cottin, Etta M. T., Miller, Kelly, Pickens, William, Henderson, George W, Inborden, Thomas S, Knox, George L, Floyd, Silas X, Kealing, Hightower T, Griffin, Maude K, Trotter, William Monroe, Du Bois, W. E. B, Ransom, Reverdy C, Fortune, T. Thomas, Terrell, Mary Church, Barber, Jesse Max, Sinclair, William A, Keckly, Elizabeth, Grimke, Archibald H, Thomas, Elizabeth, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, Wells-Barnett, Ida B, Taylor, Julius F, Tubman, Harriet, Washington, Booker T, Anderson, Charles W, Hammond, EWS, Clark, Peter H, Langston, John Mercer, Scarborough, William S, Love, Emmanuel K, Williams, George Washington, Cordelia, H, Liverpool, Thomas N.C, Trevigne, Paul, Keckley, Elizabeth, Le Vere, George W, Wagoner, Henry O, Demby, Angeline R, Thomas, Jacob, Newton, Alexander H, Hill, Isaac J, Washington, George, Delany, Martin, Truth, Sojourner, Chase, S.W., Davis, Annie, Africano, S.W., Pennington, James W.C, Stephens, George E, Rutter, Don Carlos, North Carolina Freedmen, George E, Bertonneau, Arnold, Roudanez, Jean Baptiste, Cain, Richard H, Beman, Amos G, Burr, Mattild, Morgan, John H, Street, Thomas R, Johnson, Henry, Florville, William, African Civilization Society, Henry, Menard, John Willis, Asher, Jeremiah, Grimes, Leonard A, Johnson, Hannah, Purvis, Robert, Proctor, John, Hudson, James H, Chester, Thomas Morris, Anderson, Osborne P, Sanderson, Jeremiah B, Augusta, Alexander T, Smith, James, CPS, Alexander T, Johnson, Ezra R, Strother, Thomas, Vashon, George B, Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, Smith, Alfred P, Thomas, Edward M, Bell, Philip A, Garnet, Henry Highland, Payne, Daniel Alexander, Turner, Henry McNeal, Campbell, Jabez P, Hamilton, Robert, Hamilton, Thomas, Douglas, H. Ford, Douglass, Frederick, Weber, Jennifer L, Sellers, John R, Prokopowicz, Gerald J, Pinsker, Matthew, Oakes, James, Medford, Edna Greene, Carwardine, Richard, Burlingame, Michael, Wilson, Douglas L., Davis, Rodney O., Norman, Matthew D., and Hord, Fred Lee
Published: 2022

209. H. Ford Douglas, Address at Framingham, Massachusetts, July 4, 1860

Author: Obama, Barack, Gates Jr, Henry Louis, Fields, Barbara Jeanne, Thomas, Clarence, Harding, Vincent, Berry, Mary Frances, Strickland, Arvarh E., Hodges, Norman E. W., Sengstacke, John H, Moon, Henry Lee, Bennett Jr, Lerone, Lester, Julius, Brooks, Gwendolyn, Malcolm X, Julius, Bates, Daisy, Wesley, Charles H, Drake, St. Clair, Quarles, Benjamin, Sampson, Edith, Marshall, Thurgood, King Jr, Martin Luther, Robinson, Jackie, Murphy, Carl J, Johnson, Mordecai W, Wilkins, Roy, Bunche, Ralph J, Townsend, Willard, Jackson, Luther Porter, Baker, Ella, Franklin, John Hope, Bethune, Mary McLeod, Rogers, Joel A, Simmons, Roscoe Conkling, McKay, Claude, Payne, Aaron H, Evans, Grace, Mitchell, Arthur W, Gordon, Eugene, Imes, William Lloyd, Vann, Robert L, Lilly, William E, Haynes, Samuel A, Perkins, Lamar, White, Walter, Chesnutt, Charles, HUGHES, LANGSTON, Johnson, Georgia Douglas, Moton, Robert R, Woodson, Carter G, Harrison, Hubert H, Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, Johnson, Edward A, Gadsden, Richard W, Bush-Banks, Oliva Ward, Allain, Theophile T, Wright Sr, Robert R, Murphy Sr, John H, Lewis, William H, Johnson, James Weldon, Yates, Josephine Silone, Baker, Thomas Nelson, Ball, Cora J, Bowen Sr, John W. E., Curtis, James L, Magee, James H, Smith, Harry C, Williams, Sylvanie F, Moore, Fred R, Gandy, John M, Cottin, Etta M. T., Miller, Kelly, Pickens, William, Henderson, George W, Inborden, Thomas S, Knox, George L, Floyd, Silas X, Kealing, Hightower T, Griffin, Maude K, Trotter, William Monroe, Du Bois, W. E. B, Ransom, Reverdy C, Fortune, T. Thomas, Terrell, Mary Church, Barber, Jesse Max, Sinclair, William A, Keckly, Elizabeth, Grimke, Archibald H, Thomas, Elizabeth, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, Wells-Barnett, Ida B, Taylor, Julius F, Tubman, Harriet, Washington, Booker T, Anderson, Charles W, Hammond, EWS, Clark, Peter H, Langston, John Mercer, Scarborough, William S, Love, Emmanuel K, Williams, George Washington, Cordelia, H, Liverpool, Thomas N.C, Trevigne, Paul, Keckley, Elizabeth, Le Vere, George W, Wagoner, Henry O, Demby, Angeline R, Thomas, Jacob, Newton, Alexander H, Hill, Isaac J, Washington, George, Delany, Martin, Truth, Sojourner, Chase, S.W., Davis, Annie, Africano, S.W., Pennington, James W.C, Stephens, George E, Rutter, Don Carlos, North Carolina Freedmen, George E, Bertonneau, Arnold, Roudanez, Jean Baptiste, Cain, Richard H, Beman, Amos G, Burr, Mattild, Morgan, John H, Street, Thomas R, Johnson, Henry, Florville, William, African Civilization Society, Henry, Menard, John Willis, Asher, Jeremiah, Grimes, Leonard A, Johnson, Hannah, Purvis, Robert, Proctor, John, Hudson, James H, Chester, Thomas Morris, Anderson, Osborne P, Sanderson, Jeremiah B, Augusta, Alexander T, Smith, James, CPS, Alexander T, Johnson, Ezra R, Strother, Thomas, Vashon, George B, Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, Smith, Alfred P, Thomas, Edward M, Bell, Philip A, Garnet, Henry Highland, Payne, Daniel Alexander, Turner, Henry McNeal, Campbell, Jabez P, Hamilton, Robert, Hamilton, Thomas, Douglas, H. Ford, Douglass, Frederick, Weber, Jennifer L, Sellers, John R, Prokopowicz, Gerald J, Pinsker, Matthew, Oakes, James, Medford, Edna Greene, Carwardine, Richard, Burlingame, Michael, Wilson, Douglas L., Davis, Rodney O., Norman, Matthew D., and Hord, Fred Lee
Published: 2022

210. Frederick Douglass, Emancipation Day Address at Poughkeepsie, New York, August 2, 1858

Author: Obama, Barack, Gates Jr, Henry Louis, Fields, Barbara Jeanne, Thomas, Clarence, Harding, Vincent, Berry, Mary Frances, Strickland, Arvarh E., Hodges, Norman E. W., Sengstacke, John H, Moon, Henry Lee, Bennett Jr, Lerone, Lester, Julius, Brooks, Gwendolyn, Malcolm X, Julius, Bates, Daisy, Wesley, Charles H, Drake, St. Clair, Quarles, Benjamin, Sampson, Edith, Marshall, Thurgood, King Jr, Martin Luther, Robinson, Jackie, Murphy, Carl J, Johnson, Mordecai W, Wilkins, Roy, Bunche, Ralph J, Townsend, Willard, Jackson, Luther Porter, Baker, Ella, Franklin, John Hope, Bethune, Mary McLeod, Rogers, Joel A, Simmons, Roscoe Conkling, McKay, Claude, Payne, Aaron H, Evans, Grace, Mitchell, Arthur W, Gordon, Eugene, Imes, William Lloyd, Vann, Robert L, Lilly, William E, Haynes, Samuel A, Perkins, Lamar, White, Walter, Chesnutt, Charles, HUGHES, LANGSTON, Johnson, Georgia Douglas, Moton, Robert R, Woodson, Carter G, Harrison, Hubert H, Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, Johnson, Edward A, Gadsden, Richard W, Bush-Banks, Oliva Ward, Allain, Theophile T, Wright Sr, Robert R, Murphy Sr, John H, Lewis, William H, Johnson, James Weldon, Yates, Josephine Silone, Baker, Thomas Nelson, Ball, Cora J, Bowen Sr, John W. E., Curtis, James L, Magee, James H, Smith, Harry C, Williams, Sylvanie F, Moore, Fred R, Gandy, John M, Cottin, Etta M. T., Miller, Kelly, Pickens, William, Henderson, George W, Inborden, Thomas S, Knox, George L, Floyd, Silas X, Kealing, Hightower T, Griffin, Maude K, Trotter, William Monroe, Du Bois, W. E. B, Ransom, Reverdy C, Fortune, T. Thomas, Terrell, Mary Church, Barber, Jesse Max, Sinclair, William A, Keckly, Elizabeth, Grimke, Archibald H, Thomas, Elizabeth, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, Wells-Barnett, Ida B, Taylor, Julius F, Tubman, Harriet, Washington, Booker T, Anderson, Charles W, Hammond, EWS, Clark, Peter H, Langston, John Mercer, Scarborough, William S, Love, Emmanuel K, Williams, George Washington, Cordelia, H, Liverpool, Thomas N.C, Trevigne, Paul, Keckley, Elizabeth, Le Vere, George W, Wagoner, Henry O, Demby, Angeline R, Thomas, Jacob, Newton, Alexander H, Hill, Isaac J, Washington, George, Delany, Martin, Truth, Sojourner, Chase, S.W., Davis, Annie, Africano, S.W., Pennington, James W.C, Stephens, George E, Rutter, Don Carlos, North Carolina Freedmen, George E, Bertonneau, Arnold, Roudanez, Jean Baptiste, Cain, Richard H, Beman, Amos G, Burr, Mattild, Morgan, John H, Street, Thomas R, Johnson, Henry, Florville, William, African Civilization Society, Henry, Menard, John Willis, Asher, Jeremiah, Grimes, Leonard A, Johnson, Hannah, Purvis, Robert, Proctor, John, Hudson, James H, Chester, Thomas Morris, Anderson, Osborne P, Sanderson, Jeremiah B, Augusta, Alexander T, Smith, James, CPS, Alexander T, Johnson, Ezra R, Strother, Thomas, Vashon, George B, Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, Smith, Alfred P, Thomas, Edward M, Bell, Philip A, Garnet, Henry Highland, Payne, Daniel Alexander, Turner, Henry McNeal, Campbell, Jabez P, Hamilton, Robert, Hamilton, Thomas, Douglas, H. Ford, Douglass, Frederick, Weber, Jennifer L, Sellers, John R, Prokopowicz, Gerald J, Pinsker, Matthew, Oakes, James, Medford, Edna Greene, Carwardine, Richard, Burlingame, Michael, Wilson, Douglas L., Davis, Rodney O., Norman, Matthew D., and Hord, Fred Lee
Published: 2022

211. Robert Hamilton, “The Fatal Step Backward,' September 21, 1861

Author: Obama, Barack, Gates Jr, Henry Louis, Fields, Barbara Jeanne, Thomas, Clarence, Harding, Vincent, Berry, Mary Frances, Strickland, Arvarh E., Hodges, Norman E. W., Sengstacke, John H, Moon, Henry Lee, Bennett Jr, Lerone, Lester, Julius, Brooks, Gwendolyn, Malcolm X, Julius, Bates, Daisy, Wesley, Charles H, Drake, St. Clair, Quarles, Benjamin, Sampson, Edith, Marshall, Thurgood, King Jr, Martin Luther, Robinson, Jackie, Murphy, Carl J, Johnson, Mordecai W, Wilkins, Roy, Bunche, Ralph J, Townsend, Willard, Jackson, Luther Porter, Baker, Ella, Franklin, John Hope, Bethune, Mary McLeod, Rogers, Joel A, Simmons, Roscoe Conkling, McKay, Claude, Payne, Aaron H, Evans, Grace, Mitchell, Arthur W, Gordon, Eugene, Imes, William Lloyd, Vann, Robert L, Lilly, William E, Haynes, Samuel A, Perkins, Lamar, White, Walter, Chesnutt, Charles, HUGHES, LANGSTON, Johnson, Georgia Douglas, Moton, Robert R, Woodson, Carter G, Harrison, Hubert H, Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, Johnson, Edward A, Gadsden, Richard W, Bush-Banks, Oliva Ward, Allain, Theophile T, Wright Sr, Robert R, Murphy Sr, John H, Lewis, William H, Johnson, James Weldon, Yates, Josephine Silone, Baker, Thomas Nelson, Ball, Cora J, Bowen Sr, John W. E., Curtis, James L, Magee, James H, Smith, Harry C, Williams, Sylvanie F, Moore, Fred R, Gandy, John M, Cottin, Etta M. T., Miller, Kelly, Pickens, William, Henderson, George W, Inborden, Thomas S, Knox, George L, Floyd, Silas X, Kealing, Hightower T, Griffin, Maude K, Trotter, William Monroe, Du Bois, W. E. B, Ransom, Reverdy C, Fortune, T. Thomas, Terrell, Mary Church, Barber, Jesse Max, Sinclair, William A, Keckly, Elizabeth, Grimke, Archibald H, Thomas, Elizabeth, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, Wells-Barnett, Ida B, Taylor, Julius F, Tubman, Harriet, Washington, Booker T, Anderson, Charles W, Hammond, EWS, Clark, Peter H, Langston, John Mercer, Scarborough, William S, Love, Emmanuel K, Williams, George Washington, Cordelia, H, Liverpool, Thomas N.C, Trevigne, Paul, Keckley, Elizabeth, Le Vere, George W, Wagoner, Henry O, Demby, Angeline R, Thomas, Jacob, Newton, Alexander H, Hill, Isaac J, Washington, George, Delany, Martin, Truth, Sojourner, Chase, S.W., Davis, Annie, Africano, S.W., Pennington, James W.C, Stephens, George E, Rutter, Don Carlos, North Carolina Freedmen, George E, Bertonneau, Arnold, Roudanez, Jean Baptiste, Cain, Richard H, Beman, Amos G, Burr, Mattild, Morgan, John H, Street, Thomas R, Johnson, Henry, Florville, William, African Civilization Society, Henry, Menard, John Willis, Asher, Jeremiah, Grimes, Leonard A, Johnson, Hannah, Purvis, Robert, Proctor, John, Hudson, James H, Chester, Thomas Morris, Anderson, Osborne P, Sanderson, Jeremiah B, Augusta, Alexander T, Smith, James, CPS, Alexander T, Johnson, Ezra R, Strother, Thomas, Vashon, George B, Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, Smith, Alfred P, Thomas, Edward M, Bell, Philip A, Garnet, Henry Highland, Payne, Daniel Alexander, Turner, Henry McNeal, Campbell, Jabez P, Hamilton, Robert, Hamilton, Thomas, Douglas, H. Ford, Douglass, Frederick, Weber, Jennifer L, Sellers, John R, Prokopowicz, Gerald J, Pinsker, Matthew, Oakes, James, Medford, Edna Greene, Carwardine, Richard, Burlingame, Michael, Wilson, Douglas L., Davis, Rodney O., Norman, Matthew D., and Hord, Fred Lee
Published: 2022

212. Robert Hamilton, “The President’s Message,' December 7, 1861

Author: Obama, Barack, Gates Jr, Henry Louis, Fields, Barbara Jeanne, Thomas, Clarence, Harding, Vincent, Berry, Mary Frances, Strickland, Arvarh E., Hodges, Norman E. W., Sengstacke, John H, Moon, Henry Lee, Bennett Jr, Lerone, Lester, Julius, Brooks, Gwendolyn, Malcolm X, Julius, Bates, Daisy, Wesley, Charles H, Drake, St. Clair, Quarles, Benjamin, Sampson, Edith, Marshall, Thurgood, King Jr, Martin Luther, Robinson, Jackie, Murphy, Carl J, Johnson, Mordecai W, Wilkins, Roy, Bunche, Ralph J, Townsend, Willard, Jackson, Luther Porter, Baker, Ella, Franklin, John Hope, Bethune, Mary McLeod, Rogers, Joel A, Simmons, Roscoe Conkling, McKay, Claude, Payne, Aaron H, Evans, Grace, Mitchell, Arthur W, Gordon, Eugene, Imes, William Lloyd, Vann, Robert L, Lilly, William E, Haynes, Samuel A, Perkins, Lamar, White, Walter, Chesnutt, Charles, HUGHES, LANGSTON, Johnson, Georgia Douglas, Moton, Robert R, Woodson, Carter G, Harrison, Hubert H, Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, Johnson, Edward A, Gadsden, Richard W, Bush-Banks, Oliva Ward, Allain, Theophile T, Wright Sr, Robert R, Murphy Sr, John H, Lewis, William H, Johnson, James Weldon, Yates, Josephine Silone, Baker, Thomas Nelson, Ball, Cora J, Bowen Sr, John W. E., Curtis, James L, Magee, James H, Smith, Harry C, Williams, Sylvanie F, Moore, Fred R, Gandy, John M, Cottin, Etta M. T., Miller, Kelly, Pickens, William, Henderson, George W, Inborden, Thomas S, Knox, George L, Floyd, Silas X, Kealing, Hightower T, Griffin, Maude K, Trotter, William Monroe, Du Bois, W. E. B, Ransom, Reverdy C, Fortune, T. Thomas, Terrell, Mary Church, Barber, Jesse Max, Sinclair, William A, Keckly, Elizabeth, Grimke, Archibald H, Thomas, Elizabeth, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, Wells-Barnett, Ida B, Taylor, Julius F, Tubman, Harriet, Washington, Booker T, Anderson, Charles W, Hammond, EWS, Clark, Peter H, Langston, John Mercer, Scarborough, William S, Love, Emmanuel K, Williams, George Washington, Cordelia, H, Liverpool, Thomas N.C, Trevigne, Paul, Keckley, Elizabeth, Le Vere, George W, Wagoner, Henry O, Demby, Angeline R, Thomas, Jacob, Newton, Alexander H, Hill, Isaac J, Washington, George, Delany, Martin, Truth, Sojourner, Chase, S.W., Davis, Annie, Africano, S.W., Pennington, James W.C, Stephens, George E, Rutter, Don Carlos, North Carolina Freedmen, George E, Bertonneau, Arnold, Roudanez, Jean Baptiste, Cain, Richard H, Beman, Amos G, Burr, Mattild, Morgan, John H, Street, Thomas R, Johnson, Henry, Florville, William, African Civilization Society, Henry, Menard, John Willis, Asher, Jeremiah, Grimes, Leonard A, Johnson, Hannah, Purvis, Robert, Proctor, John, Hudson, James H, Chester, Thomas Morris, Anderson, Osborne P, Sanderson, Jeremiah B, Augusta, Alexander T, Smith, James, CPS, Alexander T, Johnson, Ezra R, Strother, Thomas, Vashon, George B, Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, Smith, Alfred P, Thomas, Edward M, Bell, Philip A, Garnet, Henry Highland, Payne, Daniel Alexander, Turner, Henry McNeal, Campbell, Jabez P, Hamilton, Robert, Hamilton, Thomas, Douglas, H. Ford, Douglass, Frederick, Weber, Jennifer L, Sellers, John R, Prokopowicz, Gerald J, Pinsker, Matthew, Oakes, James, Medford, Edna Greene, Carwardine, Richard, Burlingame, Michael, Wilson, Douglas L., Davis, Rodney O., Norman, Matthew D., and Hord, Fred Lee
Published: 2022

213. Frederick Douglass, “The Chicago Nominations,' June 1860

Author: Obama, Barack, Gates Jr, Henry Louis, Fields, Barbara Jeanne, Thomas, Clarence, Harding, Vincent, Berry, Mary Frances, Strickland, Arvarh E., Hodges, Norman E. W., Sengstacke, John H, Moon, Henry Lee, Bennett Jr, Lerone, Lester, Julius, Brooks, Gwendolyn, Malcolm X, Julius, Bates, Daisy, Wesley, Charles H, Drake, St. Clair, Quarles, Benjamin, Sampson, Edith, Marshall, Thurgood, King Jr, Martin Luther, Robinson, Jackie, Murphy, Carl J, Johnson, Mordecai W, Wilkins, Roy, Bunche, Ralph J, Townsend, Willard, Jackson, Luther Porter, Baker, Ella, Franklin, John Hope, Bethune, Mary McLeod, Rogers, Joel A, Simmons, Roscoe Conkling, McKay, Claude, Payne, Aaron H, Evans, Grace, Mitchell, Arthur W, Gordon, Eugene, Imes, William Lloyd, Vann, Robert L, Lilly, William E, Haynes, Samuel A, Perkins, Lamar, White, Walter, Chesnutt, Charles, HUGHES, LANGSTON, Johnson, Georgia Douglas, Moton, Robert R, Woodson, Carter G, Harrison, Hubert H, Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, Johnson, Edward A, Gadsden, Richard W, Bush-Banks, Oliva Ward, Allain, Theophile T, Wright Sr, Robert R, Murphy Sr, John H, Lewis, William H, Johnson, James Weldon, Yates, Josephine Silone, Baker, Thomas Nelson, Ball, Cora J, Bowen Sr, John W. E., Curtis, James L, Magee, James H, Smith, Harry C, Williams, Sylvanie F, Moore, Fred R, Gandy, John M, Cottin, Etta M. T., Miller, Kelly, Pickens, William, Henderson, George W, Inborden, Thomas S, Knox, George L, Floyd, Silas X, Kealing, Hightower T, Griffin, Maude K, Trotter, William Monroe, Du Bois, W. E. B, Ransom, Reverdy C, Fortune, T. Thomas, Terrell, Mary Church, Barber, Jesse Max, Sinclair, William A, Keckly, Elizabeth, Grimke, Archibald H, Thomas, Elizabeth, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, Wells-Barnett, Ida B, Taylor, Julius F, Tubman, Harriet, Washington, Booker T, Anderson, Charles W, Hammond, EWS, Clark, Peter H, Langston, John Mercer, Scarborough, William S, Love, Emmanuel K, Williams, George Washington, Cordelia, H, Liverpool, Thomas N.C, Trevigne, Paul, Keckley, Elizabeth, Le Vere, George W, Wagoner, Henry O, Demby, Angeline R, Thomas, Jacob, Newton, Alexander H, Hill, Isaac J, Washington, George, Delany, Martin, Truth, Sojourner, Chase, S.W., Davis, Annie, Africano, S.W., Pennington, James W.C, Stephens, George E, Rutter, Don Carlos, North Carolina Freedmen, George E, Bertonneau, Arnold, Roudanez, Jean Baptiste, Cain, Richard H, Beman, Amos G, Burr, Mattild, Morgan, John H, Street, Thomas R, Johnson, Henry, Florville, William, African Civilization Society, Henry, Menard, John Willis, Asher, Jeremiah, Grimes, Leonard A, Johnson, Hannah, Purvis, Robert, Proctor, John, Hudson, James H, Chester, Thomas Morris, Anderson, Osborne P, Sanderson, Jeremiah B, Augusta, Alexander T, Smith, James, CPS, Alexander T, Johnson, Ezra R, Strother, Thomas, Vashon, George B, Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, Smith, Alfred P, Thomas, Edward M, Bell, Philip A, Garnet, Henry Highland, Payne, Daniel Alexander, Turner, Henry McNeal, Campbell, Jabez P, Hamilton, Robert, Hamilton, Thomas, Douglas, H. Ford, Douglass, Frederick, Weber, Jennifer L, Sellers, John R, Prokopowicz, Gerald J, Pinsker, Matthew, Oakes, James, Medford, Edna Greene, Carwardine, Richard, Burlingame, Michael, Wilson, Douglas L., Davis, Rodney O., Norman, Matthew D., and Hord, Fred Lee
Published: 2022

214. Frequently Cited Sources

Author: Obama, Barack, Gates Jr, Henry Louis, Fields, Barbara Jeanne, Thomas, Clarence, Harding, Vincent, Berry, Mary Frances, Strickland, Arvarh E., Hodges, Norman E. W., Sengstacke, John H, Moon, Henry Lee, Bennett Jr, Lerone, Lester, Julius, Brooks, Gwendolyn, Malcolm X, Julius, Bates, Daisy, Wesley, Charles H, Drake, St. Clair, Quarles, Benjamin, Sampson, Edith, Marshall, Thurgood, King Jr, Martin Luther, Robinson, Jackie, Murphy, Carl J, Johnson, Mordecai W, Wilkins, Roy, Bunche, Ralph J, Townsend, Willard, Jackson, Luther Porter, Baker, Ella, Franklin, John Hope, Bethune, Mary McLeod, Rogers, Joel A, Simmons, Roscoe Conkling, McKay, Claude, Payne, Aaron H, Evans, Grace, Mitchell, Arthur W, Gordon, Eugene, Imes, William Lloyd, Vann, Robert L, Lilly, William E, Haynes, Samuel A, Perkins, Lamar, White, Walter, Chesnutt, Charles, HUGHES, LANGSTON, Johnson, Georgia Douglas, Moton, Robert R, Woodson, Carter G, Harrison, Hubert H, Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, Johnson, Edward A, Gadsden, Richard W, Bush-Banks, Oliva Ward, Allain, Theophile T, Wright Sr, Robert R, Murphy Sr, John H, Lewis, William H, Johnson, James Weldon, Yates, Josephine Silone, Baker, Thomas Nelson, Ball, Cora J, Bowen Sr, John W. E., Curtis, James L, Magee, James H, Smith, Harry C, Williams, Sylvanie F, Moore, Fred R, Gandy, John M, Cottin, Etta M. T., Miller, Kelly, Pickens, William, Henderson, George W, Inborden, Thomas S, Knox, George L, Floyd, Silas X, Kealing, Hightower T, Griffin, Maude K, Trotter, William Monroe, Du Bois, W. E. B, Ransom, Reverdy C, Fortune, T. Thomas, Terrell, Mary Church, Barber, Jesse Max, Sinclair, William A, Keckly, Elizabeth, Grimke, Archibald H, Thomas, Elizabeth, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, Wells-Barnett, Ida B, Taylor, Julius F, Tubman, Harriet, Washington, Booker T, Anderson, Charles W, Hammond, EWS, Clark, Peter H, Langston, John Mercer, Scarborough, William S, Love, Emmanuel K, Williams, George Washington, Cordelia, H, Liverpool, Thomas N.C, Trevigne, Paul, Keckley, Elizabeth, Le Vere, George W, Wagoner, Henry O, Demby, Angeline R, Thomas, Jacob, Newton, Alexander H, Hill, Isaac J, Washington, George, Delany, Martin, Truth, Sojourner, Chase, S.W., Davis, Annie, Africano, S.W., Pennington, James W.C, Stephens, George E, Rutter, Don Carlos, North Carolina Freedmen, George E, Bertonneau, Arnold, Roudanez, Jean Baptiste, Cain, Richard H, Beman, Amos G, Burr, Mattild, Morgan, John H, Street, Thomas R, Johnson, Henry, Florville, William, African Civilization Society, Henry, Menard, John Willis, Asher, Jeremiah, Grimes, Leonard A, Johnson, Hannah, Purvis, Robert, Proctor, John, Hudson, James H, Chester, Thomas Morris, Anderson, Osborne P, Sanderson, Jeremiah B, Augusta, Alexander T, Smith, James, CPS, Alexander T, Johnson, Ezra R, Strother, Thomas, Vashon, George B, Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, Smith, Alfred P, Thomas, Edward M, Bell, Philip A, Garnet, Henry Highland, Payne, Daniel Alexander, Turner, Henry McNeal, Campbell, Jabez P, Hamilton, Robert, Hamilton, Thomas, Douglas, H. Ford, Douglass, Frederick, Weber, Jennifer L, Sellers, John R, Prokopowicz, Gerald J, Pinsker, Matthew, Oakes, James, Medford, Edna Greene, Carwardine, Richard, Burlingame, Michael, Wilson, Douglas L., Davis, Rodney O., Norman, Matthew D., and Hord, Fred Lee
Published: 2022

215. Acknowledgments

Author: Obama, Barack, Gates Jr, Henry Louis, Fields, Barbara Jeanne, Thomas, Clarence, Harding, Vincent, Berry, Mary Frances, Strickland, Arvarh E., Hodges, Norman E. W., Sengstacke, John H, Moon, Henry Lee, Bennett Jr, Lerone, Lester, Julius, Brooks, Gwendolyn, Malcolm X, Julius, Bates, Daisy, Wesley, Charles H, Drake, St. Clair, Quarles, Benjamin, Sampson, Edith, Marshall, Thurgood, King Jr, Martin Luther, Robinson, Jackie, Murphy, Carl J, Johnson, Mordecai W, Wilkins, Roy, Bunche, Ralph J, Townsend, Willard, Jackson, Luther Porter, Baker, Ella, Franklin, John Hope, Bethune, Mary McLeod, Rogers, Joel A, Simmons, Roscoe Conkling, McKay, Claude, Payne, Aaron H, Evans, Grace, Mitchell, Arthur W, Gordon, Eugene, Imes, William Lloyd, Vann, Robert L, Lilly, William E, Haynes, Samuel A, Perkins, Lamar, White, Walter, Chesnutt, Charles, HUGHES, LANGSTON, Johnson, Georgia Douglas, Moton, Robert R, Woodson, Carter G, Harrison, Hubert H, Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, Johnson, Edward A, Gadsden, Richard W, Bush-Banks, Oliva Ward, Allain, Theophile T, Wright Sr, Robert R, Murphy Sr, John H, Lewis, William H, Johnson, James Weldon, Yates, Josephine Silone, Baker, Thomas Nelson, Ball, Cora J, Bowen Sr, John W. E., Curtis, James L, Magee, James H, Smith, Harry C, Williams, Sylvanie F, Moore, Fred R, Gandy, John M, Cottin, Etta M. T., Miller, Kelly, Pickens, William, Henderson, George W, Inborden, Thomas S, Knox, George L, Floyd, Silas X, Kealing, Hightower T, Griffin, Maude K, Trotter, William Monroe, Du Bois, W. E. B, Ransom, Reverdy C, Fortune, T. Thomas, Terrell, Mary Church, Barber, Jesse Max, Sinclair, William A, Keckly, Elizabeth, Grimke, Archibald H, Thomas, Elizabeth, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, Wells-Barnett, Ida B, Taylor, Julius F, Tubman, Harriet, Washington, Booker T, Anderson, Charles W, Hammond, EWS, Clark, Peter H, Langston, John Mercer, Scarborough, William S, Love, Emmanuel K, Williams, George Washington, Cordelia, H, Liverpool, Thomas N.C, Trevigne, Paul, Keckley, Elizabeth, Le Vere, George W, Wagoner, Henry O, Demby, Angeline R, Thomas, Jacob, Newton, Alexander H, Hill, Isaac J, Washington, George, Delany, Martin, Truth, Sojourner, Chase, S.W., Davis, Annie, Africano, S.W., Pennington, James W.C, Stephens, George E, Rutter, Don Carlos, North Carolina Freedmen, George E, Bertonneau, Arnold, Roudanez, Jean Baptiste, Cain, Richard H, Beman, Amos G, Burr, Mattild, Morgan, John H, Street, Thomas R, Johnson, Henry, Florville, William, African Civilization Society, Henry, Menard, John Willis, Asher, Jeremiah, Grimes, Leonard A, Johnson, Hannah, Purvis, Robert, Proctor, John, Hudson, James H, Chester, Thomas Morris, Anderson, Osborne P, Sanderson, Jeremiah B, Augusta, Alexander T, Smith, James, CPS, Alexander T, Johnson, Ezra R, Strother, Thomas, Vashon, George B, Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, Smith, Alfred P, Thomas, Edward M, Bell, Philip A, Garnet, Henry Highland, Payne, Daniel Alexander, Turner, Henry McNeal, Campbell, Jabez P, Hamilton, Robert, Hamilton, Thomas, Douglas, H. Ford, Douglass, Frederick, Weber, Jennifer L, Sellers, John R, Prokopowicz, Gerald J, Pinsker, Matthew, Oakes, James, Medford, Edna Greene, Carwardine, Richard, Burlingame, Michael, Wilson, Douglas L., Davis, Rodney O., Norman, Matthew D., and Hord, Fred Lee
Published: 2022

216. Sojourner Truth, Account of October 29, 1864 Meeting with Abraham Lincoln

Author: Obama, Barack, Gates Jr, Henry Louis, Fields, Barbara Jeanne, Thomas, Clarence, Harding, Vincent, Berry, Mary Frances, Strickland, Arvarh E., Hodges, Norman E. W., Sengstacke, John H, Moon, Henry Lee, Bennett Jr, Lerone, Lester, Julius, Brooks, Gwendolyn, Malcolm X, Julius, Bates, Daisy, Wesley, Charles H, Drake, St. Clair, Quarles, Benjamin, Sampson, Edith, Marshall, Thurgood, King Jr, Martin Luther, Robinson, Jackie, Murphy, Carl J, Johnson, Mordecai W, Wilkins, Roy, Bunche, Ralph J, Townsend, Willard, Jackson, Luther Porter, Baker, Ella, Franklin, John Hope, Bethune, Mary McLeod, Rogers, Joel A, Simmons, Roscoe Conkling, McKay, Claude, Payne, Aaron H, Evans, Grace, Mitchell, Arthur W, Gordon, Eugene, Imes, William Lloyd, Vann, Robert L, Lilly, William E, Haynes, Samuel A, Perkins, Lamar, White, Walter, Chesnutt, Charles, HUGHES, LANGSTON, Johnson, Georgia Douglas, Moton, Robert R, Woodson, Carter G, Harrison, Hubert H, Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, Johnson, Edward A, Gadsden, Richard W, Bush-Banks, Oliva Ward, Allain, Theophile T, Wright Sr, Robert R, Murphy Sr, John H, Lewis, William H, Johnson, James Weldon, Yates, Josephine Silone, Baker, Thomas Nelson, Ball, Cora J, Bowen Sr, John W. E., Curtis, James L, Magee, James H, Smith, Harry C, Williams, Sylvanie F, Moore, Fred R, Gandy, John M, Cottin, Etta M. T., Miller, Kelly, Pickens, William, Henderson, George W, Inborden, Thomas S, Knox, George L, Floyd, Silas X, Kealing, Hightower T, Griffin, Maude K, Trotter, William Monroe, Du Bois, W. E. B, Ransom, Reverdy C, Fortune, T. Thomas, Terrell, Mary Church, Barber, Jesse Max, Sinclair, William A, Keckly, Elizabeth, Grimke, Archibald H, Thomas, Elizabeth, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, Wells-Barnett, Ida B, Taylor, Julius F, Tubman, Harriet, Washington, Booker T, Anderson, Charles W, Hammond, EWS, Clark, Peter H, Langston, John Mercer, Scarborough, William S, Love, Emmanuel K, Williams, George Washington, Cordelia, H, Liverpool, Thomas N.C, Trevigne, Paul, Keckley, Elizabeth, Le Vere, George W, Wagoner, Henry O, Demby, Angeline R, Thomas, Jacob, Newton, Alexander H, Hill, Isaac J, Washington, George, Delany, Martin, Truth, Sojourner, Chase, S.W., Davis, Annie, Africano, S.W., Pennington, James W.C, Stephens, George E, Rutter, Don Carlos, North Carolina Freedmen, George E, Bertonneau, Arnold, Roudanez, Jean Baptiste, Cain, Richard H, Beman, Amos G, Burr, Mattild, Morgan, John H, Street, Thomas R, Johnson, Henry, Florville, William, African Civilization Society, Henry, Menard, John Willis, Asher, Jeremiah, Grimes, Leonard A, Johnson, Hannah, Purvis, Robert, Proctor, John, Hudson, James H, Chester, Thomas Morris, Anderson, Osborne P, Sanderson, Jeremiah B, Augusta, Alexander T, Smith, James, CPS, Alexander T, Johnson, Ezra R, Strother, Thomas, Vashon, George B, Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, Smith, Alfred P, Thomas, Edward M, Bell, Philip A, Garnet, Henry Highland, Payne, Daniel Alexander, Turner, Henry McNeal, Campbell, Jabez P, Hamilton, Robert, Hamilton, Thomas, Douglas, H. Ford, Douglass, Frederick, Weber, Jennifer L, Sellers, John R, Prokopowicz, Gerald J, Pinsker, Matthew, Oakes, James, Medford, Edna Greene, Carwardine, Richard, Burlingame, Michael, Wilson, Douglas L., Davis, Rodney O., Norman, Matthew D., and Hord, Fred Lee
Published: 2022

217. Title Page

Author: Obama, Barack, Gates Jr, Henry Louis, Fields, Barbara Jeanne, Thomas, Clarence, Harding, Vincent, Berry, Mary Frances, Strickland, Arvarh E., Hodges, Norman E. W., Sengstacke, John H, Moon, Henry Lee, Bennett Jr, Lerone, Lester, Julius, Brooks, Gwendolyn, Malcolm X, Julius, Bates, Daisy, Wesley, Charles H, Drake, St. Clair, Quarles, Benjamin, Sampson, Edith, Marshall, Thurgood, King Jr, Martin Luther, Robinson, Jackie, Murphy, Carl J, Johnson, Mordecai W, Wilkins, Roy, Bunche, Ralph J, Townsend, Willard, Jackson, Luther Porter, Baker, Ella, Franklin, John Hope, Bethune, Mary McLeod, Rogers, Joel A, Simmons, Roscoe Conkling, McKay, Claude, Payne, Aaron H, Evans, Grace, Mitchell, Arthur W, Gordon, Eugene, Imes, William Lloyd, Vann, Robert L, Lilly, William E, Haynes, Samuel A, Perkins, Lamar, White, Walter, Chesnutt, Charles, HUGHES, LANGSTON, Johnson, Georgia Douglas, Moton, Robert R, Woodson, Carter G, Harrison, Hubert H, Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, Johnson, Edward A, Gadsden, Richard W, Bush-Banks, Oliva Ward, Allain, Theophile T, Wright Sr, Robert R, Murphy Sr, John H, Lewis, William H, Johnson, James Weldon, Yates, Josephine Silone, Baker, Thomas Nelson, Ball, Cora J, Bowen Sr, John W. E., Curtis, James L, Magee, James H, Smith, Harry C, Williams, Sylvanie F, Moore, Fred R, Gandy, John M, Cottin, Etta M. T., Miller, Kelly, Pickens, William, Henderson, George W, Inborden, Thomas S, Knox, George L, Floyd, Silas X, Kealing, Hightower T, Griffin, Maude K, Trotter, William Monroe, Du Bois, W. E. B, Ransom, Reverdy C, Fortune, T. Thomas, Terrell, Mary Church, Barber, Jesse Max, Sinclair, William A, Keckly, Elizabeth, Grimke, Archibald H, Thomas, Elizabeth, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, Wells-Barnett, Ida B, Taylor, Julius F, Tubman, Harriet, Washington, Booker T, Anderson, Charles W, Hammond, EWS, Clark, Peter H, Langston, John Mercer, Scarborough, William S, Love, Emmanuel K, Williams, George Washington, Cordelia, H, Liverpool, Thomas N.C, Trevigne, Paul, Keckley, Elizabeth, Le Vere, George W, Wagoner, Henry O, Demby, Angeline R, Thomas, Jacob, Newton, Alexander H, Hill, Isaac J, Washington, George, Delany, Martin, Truth, Sojourner, Chase, S.W., Davis, Annie, Africano, S.W., Pennington, James W.C, Stephens, George E, Rutter, Don Carlos, North Carolina Freedmen, George E, Bertonneau, Arnold, Roudanez, Jean Baptiste, Cain, Richard H, Beman, Amos G, Burr, Mattild, Morgan, John H, Street, Thomas R, Johnson, Henry, Florville, William, African Civilization Society, Henry, Menard, John Willis, Asher, Jeremiah, Grimes, Leonard A, Johnson, Hannah, Purvis, Robert, Proctor, John, Hudson, James H, Chester, Thomas Morris, Anderson, Osborne P, Sanderson, Jeremiah B, Augusta, Alexander T, Smith, James, CPS, Alexander T, Johnson, Ezra R, Strother, Thomas, Vashon, George B, Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, Smith, Alfred P, Thomas, Edward M, Bell, Philip A, Garnet, Henry Highland, Payne, Daniel Alexander, Turner, Henry McNeal, Campbell, Jabez P, Hamilton, Robert, Hamilton, Thomas, Douglas, H. Ford, Douglass, Frederick, Weber, Jennifer L, Sellers, John R, Prokopowicz, Gerald J, Pinsker, Matthew, Oakes, James, Medford, Edna Greene, Carwardine, Richard, Burlingame, Michael, Wilson, Douglas L., Davis, Rodney O., Norman, Matthew D., and Hord, Fred Lee
Published: 2022

218. Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, The President's Proclamation, March 7, 1863

Author: Obama, Barack, Gates Jr, Henry Louis, Fields, Barbara Jeanne, Thomas, Clarence, Harding, Vincent, Berry, Mary Frances, Strickland, Arvarh E., Hodges, Norman E. W., Sengstacke, John H, Moon, Henry Lee, Bennett Jr, Lerone, Lester, Julius, Brooks, Gwendolyn, Malcolm X, Julius, Bates, Daisy, Wesley, Charles H, Drake, St. Clair, Quarles, Benjamin, Sampson, Edith, Marshall, Thurgood, King Jr, Martin Luther, Robinson, Jackie, Murphy, Carl J, Johnson, Mordecai W, Wilkins, Roy, Bunche, Ralph J, Townsend, Willard, Jackson, Luther Porter, Baker, Ella, Franklin, John Hope, Bethune, Mary McLeod, Rogers, Joel A, Simmons, Roscoe Conkling, McKay, Claude, Payne, Aaron H, Evans, Grace, Mitchell, Arthur W, Gordon, Eugene, Imes, William Lloyd, Vann, Robert L, Lilly, William E, Haynes, Samuel A, Perkins, Lamar, White, Walter, Chesnutt, Charles, HUGHES, LANGSTON, Johnson, Georgia Douglas, Moton, Robert R, Woodson, Carter G, Harrison, Hubert H, Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, Johnson, Edward A, Gadsden, Richard W, Bush-Banks, Oliva Ward, Allain, Theophile T, Wright Sr, Robert R, Murphy Sr, John H, Lewis, William H, Johnson, James Weldon, Yates, Josephine Silone, Baker, Thomas Nelson, Ball, Cora J, Bowen Sr, John W. E., Curtis, James L, Magee, James H, Smith, Harry C, Williams, Sylvanie F, Moore, Fred R, Gandy, John M, Cottin, Etta M. T., Miller, Kelly, Pickens, William, Henderson, George W, Inborden, Thomas S, Knox, George L, Floyd, Silas X, Kealing, Hightower T, Griffin, Maude K, Trotter, William Monroe, Du Bois, W. E. B, Ransom, Reverdy C, Fortune, T. Thomas, Terrell, Mary Church, Barber, Jesse Max, Sinclair, William A, Keckly, Elizabeth, Grimke, Archibald H, Thomas, Elizabeth, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, Wells-Barnett, Ida B, Taylor, Julius F, Tubman, Harriet, Washington, Booker T, Anderson, Charles W, Hammond, EWS, Clark, Peter H, Langston, John Mercer, Scarborough, William S, Love, Emmanuel K, Williams, George Washington, Cordelia, H, Liverpool, Thomas N.C, Trevigne, Paul, Keckley, Elizabeth, Le Vere, George W, Wagoner, Henry O, Demby, Angeline R, Thomas, Jacob, Newton, Alexander H, Hill, Isaac J, Washington, George, Delany, Martin, Truth, Sojourner, Chase, S.W., Davis, Annie, Africano, S.W., Pennington, James W.C, Stephens, George E, Rutter, Don Carlos, North Carolina Freedmen, George E, Bertonneau, Arnold, Roudanez, Jean Baptiste, Cain, Richard H, Beman, Amos G, Burr, Mattild, Morgan, John H, Street, Thomas R, Johnson, Henry, Florville, William, African Civilization Society, Henry, Menard, John Willis, Asher, Jeremiah, Grimes, Leonard A, Johnson, Hannah, Purvis, Robert, Proctor, John, Hudson, James H, Chester, Thomas Morris, Anderson, Osborne P, Sanderson, Jeremiah B, Augusta, Alexander T, Smith, James, CPS, Alexander T, Johnson, Ezra R, Strother, Thomas, Vashon, George B, Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, Smith, Alfred P, Thomas, Edward M, Bell, Philip A, Garnet, Henry Highland, Payne, Daniel Alexander, Turner, Henry McNeal, Campbell, Jabez P, Hamilton, Robert, Hamilton, Thomas, Douglas, H. Ford, Douglass, Frederick, Weber, Jennifer L, Sellers, John R, Prokopowicz, Gerald J, Pinsker, Matthew, Oakes, James, Medford, Edna Greene, Carwardine, Richard, Burlingame, Michael, Wilson, Douglas L., Davis, Rodney O., Norman, Matthew D., and Hord, Fred Lee
Published: 2022

219. Contractual frictions and margins of trade

Author: Azomahou, Théophile T., Maemir, Hibret, and Wako, Hassen A.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

220. The determinants of electricity constraints by firms in developing countries

Author: Asiedu, Elizabeth, Azomahou, Théophile T., Gaekwad, Neepa B., and Ouédraogo, Mahamady
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

221. Share the love: Parental bias, women empowerment and intergenerational mobility

Author: Asiedu, Elizabeth, Azomahou, Théophile T., Getachew, Yoseph, and Yitbarek, Eleni
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

222. Coping with a dual shock: The economic effects of COVID-19 and oil price crises on African economies

Author: Azomahou, Théophile T., Ndung’u, Njuguna, and Ouédraogo, Mahamady
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

223. HIV/AIDS and Development: A Reappraisal of the Productivity and Factor Accumulation Effects

Author: Azomahou, Théophile T., Boucekkine, Raouf, and Diene, Bity
Published: 2016

224. Home vs. School Deworming and Meal Programs: Evidence from Rural Senegal

Author: Azomahou, Théophile T. and Diallo, Fatoumata L.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

225. A Structural Nonparametric Reappraisal of the CO₂ Emissions-Income Relationship

Author: Azomahou, Théophile T., Goedhuys, Micheline, and Nguyen-Van, Phu
Published: 2016

226. Optimal health investment and preference structure

Author: Azomahou, Théophile T., Diene, Bity, Diene, Mbaye, and Soete, Luc
Published: 2015

227. Contractual Frictions And The Margins of Trade

Author: Azomahou, Theophile T., primary, Maemir, Hibret B., additional, and Wako, Hassen A., additional
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

228. Nonlinearities in productivity growth: A semi-parametric panel analysis

Author: Azomahou, Théophile T., Diene, Bity, and Diene, Mbaye
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

229. The Global Retinoblastoma Outcome Study: a prospective, cluster-based analysis of 4064 patients from 149 countries

Author: Alia, DB, Tandili, A, Paiva, L, Wime, AD, Chantada, GL, Fandino, AC, Sgroi, M, Papyan, R, Tamamyan, G, Camuglia, JE, Gole, GA, Clark, A, Lam, GC, Elder, JE, McKenzie, JD, Staffieri, SE, Jones, MM, Manudhane, R, Sia, D, Ritter-Sovinz, P, Schwab, C, Balayeva, R, Khan, Z, Nuruddin, M, Roy, SR, Rashid, R, Sultana, S, Shakoor, SA, Naumenko, L, Zhilyaeva, K, Bartoszek, P, Brichard, BG, De Potter, P, Bio, AIA, Salas, B, Coleoni Suarez, ME, Mbumba, FB, Bonanomi, MTBC, Donato Macedo, CR, Grigorovski, NDAK, Mattosinho, CCDS, Teixeira, LF, Oscar, AH, Veleva-Krasteva, NV, Bouda, GC, Kabore, RL, Philbert, R, Evina, TGA, Nkumbe, HE, Kamsang, P, Muyen, OM, Dimaras, H, Mallipatna, A, Hamel, P, Superstein, R, Paton, KE, Strahlendorf, C, Palet, JEKK, Tyau-Tyau, H, Cavieres, I, Lopez, JP, Oporto, J, Ossandon, D, Chen, W, Xiang, D, Du, Y, Li, K, Ji, X, Tang, J, Li, C, Xu, B, Qian, J, Xue, K, Sun, X, Wang, Y-Z, Zhang, Y, Wu, S-Q, Xiao, Y, Yang, H, Ye, H, Polania, RA, Berete, RC, Couitchere, L, Peric, S, Alemany-Rubio, E, Gonzalez-Rodriguez, L, Autrata, R, Kepak, T, Pochop, P, Svojgr, K, Gregersen, PA, Urbak, SF, Montero, MM, Budiongo, A, Yanga, JM, Amani, TBK, Lukamba, RM, Numbi, MN, Calle Jara, DA, Villacis Chafla, EG, Sanchez, GL, Abouelnaga, S, Afifi, MA, Elhaddad, AM, Ali, AM, Elzembely, M, Said, AMA, Ziko, OAO, Fuentes-Alabi, SL, Goenz, MA, Eerme, K, Klett, A, Hordofa, DF, Mengesha, AA, Sherief, ST, Kivela, TT, Nummi, K, Cassoux, N, Desjardins, L, Obono-Obiang, G, Kardava, T, Khotenashvili, Z, Bechrakis, NE, Biewald, EM, Schlueter, S, Ketteler, P, Amankwaa-Frempong, D, Essuman, VA, Paintsil, V, Renner, LA, Alejos, A, Giron, A, Carreras, YA, Fu, LD, Maldonado, C, Wong, ES, Yam, JC, Csoka, M, Maka, E, Aggarwal, P, Gupta, V, Bhaduri, A, Bhattacharyya, A, Das, A, Chawla, B, Das, P, Das, S, Gupta, H, Gupta, S, Verma, N, Kaliki, S, Khetan, V, Maitra, P, Mahajan, A, Menon, V, Mishra, DKC, Palanivelu, MS, Ramanjulu, R, Mudaliar, SS, Nair, AG, Natarajan, S, Seth, R, Singh, U, Bhat, S, Dudeja, G, Tripathy, D, Akib, IMNR, Pagarra, H, Amiruddin, PO, Kuntorini, MW, Armytasari, I, Supriyadi, E, Sutyawan, IWE, Yuliawati, P, Lutfi, D, Soebagjo, HD, Rahman, A, Sitorus, RS, Victor, AA, Tehuteru, ES, Widiarti, W, Nency, YM, Faranoush, M, Mehrvar, A, Tashvighi, M, Sedaghat, A, Ghassemi, F, Khodabande, A, Abdulqader, RA, Al-Shaheen, AASM, Al Ani, MH, Haydar, H, Al-Badri, SAF, Al-Jadiry, MF, Sabhan, AH, Al-Jumaily, U, Al-Mafrachi, AARM, Al-Shammary, EH, Al-Janabi, ANH, Qadir, AO, Capra, M, Blum, S, Gomel, N, Fabian, ID, Goldberg, H, Kapelushnik, N, Madgar, S, Vishnevskia-Dai, V, Frenkel, S, Pe'er, J, Gorfine, M, Refaeli, D, Steinberg, DM, Lavy, Y, Toledano, H, Caspi, S, De Francesco, S, Hadjistilianou, T, Ida, R, Valente, P, Midena, E, Parrozzani, R, Cowan-Lyn, KE, Vaughan, LO, Suzuki, S, Mohammad, MT, Yousef, YA, Manzhuova, L, Atsiaya, R, Matende, IO, Begimkulova, AS, Makimbetov, EK, Keomisy, J, Sayalith, P, Valeina, S, Viksnins, M, Al-Haddad, CE, Saab, RH, Alsawidi, KM, Elbahi, AM, Krivaitiene, D, Tateshi, B, Randrianarisoa, HL, Raobela, L, Msukwa, G, Nyirenda, C, Hamzah, N, Teh, KH, Sylla, F, Traore, F, Cheikh, SS, Zein, E, Perez, GG, Sanchez Orozco, AJ, Ortega-Hernandez, M, Ramirez-Ortiz, MA, Chuluunbat, T, Abdallah, E, Benmiloud, S, El Kettani, A, Hessissen, L, Almeida, AA, Limbu, B, Rajkarnikar, P, Saiju, R, Moll, AC, Wijsard, MVH, Cockcroft, RL, Ng, Y, Dodgshun, AJ, Calderon-Sotelo, P, Abdullahi, SU, Hassan, S, Umar, AB, Abdulrahaman, AA, Wali, AH, Ademola-Popoola, DS, Adio, A, Aghaji, AE, Ezegwui, IR, Akinsete, A, Musa, KO, Fasina, O, Ibanga, A, Nkanga, ED, Mustapha, T, Ribadu, D, Hummelen, M, Ahmad, A, Mushtaq, A, Qayyum, S, Chaudhry, S, Fadoo, Z, Jeeva, I, Masud, S, Hamid, SA, Zia, N, Siddiqui, SN, Janjua, T, Yaqub, MA, Khaqan, HA, Quintero D, K, Yee, R, Jairaj, V, Cano, MR, Fernandez, DDPG, Diaz Coronado, RY, Zapata Lopez, AM, Garcia, JL, Ponce, J, Garcia Pacheco, HN, Pascual Morales, CR, Vasquez Anchaya, JK, Tarrillo Leiva, FF, Alcasabas, APA, Mercado, GJ, Cieslik, K, Hautz, W, Rogowska, A, Castela, G, Silva, S, Jo, DH, Kim, JH, Comsa, C, Dragomir, MD, Neroev, V, Saakyan, S, Polyakov, V, Ushakova, TL, Yarovaya, VA, Yarovoy, AA, Theophile, T, Al Mesfer, S, Maktabi, A, Al-Dahmash, SA, Alkatan, HM, Moreira, C, Roth, PAN, Ilic, VR, Nikitovic, M, Latinovic, S, Quah, B, Tan, D, Hederova, S, Husakova, K, Groznik, AL, Pompe, MT, Davidson, A, Du Bruyn, M, Du Plessis, J, Stones, DK, Geel, JA, Myezo, KH, Kruger, M, Mayet, I, Naidu, G, Naidu, N, Mustak, H, Reynders, D, Wetter, J, Alarcon Portabella, S, Martin-Begue, N, Wolley Dod, C, Balaguer, J, Barranco, H, Catala-Mora, J, Correa Llano, MG, Fernandez-Teijeiro, A, Garcia Aldana, D, Peralta Calvo, J, San Roman Pacheco, S, Gunasekera, DS, Elhassan, MMA, Mohamedani, AA, All-Eriksson, C, Bartuma, K, Popovic, MB, Munier, FL, Liu, C-H, Chiwanga, FS, Kyara, A, Mndeme, FG, Msina, MS, Scanlan, TA, Atchaneeyasakul, L-O, Buaboonnam, J, Dangboon, W, Singha, P, Hongeng, S, Kulvichit, K, Rojanaporn, D, Surukrattanaskul, S, Wangtiraumnuay, N, Wiwatwongwana, A, Wiwatwongwana, D, Wongwai, P, Sharma, MK, Guedenon, KM, Bouguila, H, Atalay, HT, Hasanreisoglu, M, Ataseven, E, Kantar, M, Gunduz, AK, Kebudi, R, Kiratli, H, Koc, I, Tuncer, S, Unal, E, Kalinaki, A, Matua, M, Waddell, K, Musika, AA, Ssali, G, Al Harby, L, Reddy, MA, Astbury, NJ, Bascaran, C, Bowman, R, Burton, MJ, Foster, A, Zondervan, M, Sagoo, MS, Bobrova, N, Sorochynska, T, Lysytsia, L, Castillo, L, Afshar, AR, Berry, JL, Kim, JW, Randhawa, JK, Binkley, E, Boldt, HC, Larson, SA, Brennan, RC, Chandramohan, A, Stacey, AW, Corson, TW, Plager, DA, Davanzo, JM, Singh, AD, Demirci, H, Ericksen, C, Magrath, GN, Gold, AS, Murray, TG, Gonzalez, E, Shah, AS, Hansen, ED, Hartnett, ME, Harbour, JW, Hubbard, GB, Uner, OE, Laurenti, KD, Mets, MB, Leverant, AA, Ramasubramanian, A, Luna-Fineman, S, Miller, A, Skalet, AH, Mruthyunjaya, P, Hassan, M, Oliver, SC, Shields, CL, Yaghy, A, Stahl, ED, Wilson, MW, Villegas, VM, Islamov, Z, Usmanov, RH, Graells, J, Romero, L, Pham, CTM, Trang, DL, Al-Hussaini, HH, Thawaba, ADM, Muma, KIM, Nyaywa, M, Alia, DB, Tandili, A, Paiva, L, Wime, AD, Chantada, GL, Fandino, AC, Sgroi, M, Papyan, R, Tamamyan, G, Camuglia, JE, Gole, GA, Clark, A, Lam, GC, Elder, JE, McKenzie, JD, Staffieri, SE, Jones, MM, Manudhane, R, Sia, D, Ritter-Sovinz, P, Schwab, C, Balayeva, R, Khan, Z, Nuruddin, M, Roy, SR, Rashid, R, Sultana, S, Shakoor, SA, Naumenko, L, Zhilyaeva, K, Bartoszek, P, Brichard, BG, De Potter, P, Bio, AIA, Salas, B, Coleoni Suarez, ME, Mbumba, FB, Bonanomi, MTBC, Donato Macedo, CR, Grigorovski, NDAK, Mattosinho, CCDS, Teixeira, LF, Oscar, AH, Veleva-Krasteva, NV, Bouda, GC, Kabore, RL, Philbert, R, Evina, TGA, Nkumbe, HE, Kamsang, P, Muyen, OM, Dimaras, H, Mallipatna, A, Hamel, P, Superstein, R, Paton, KE, Strahlendorf, C, Palet, JEKK, Tyau-Tyau, H, Cavieres, I, Lopez, JP, Oporto, J, Ossandon, D, Chen, W, Xiang, D, Du, Y, Li, K, Ji, X, Tang, J, Li, C, Xu, B, Qian, J, Xue, K, Sun, X, Wang, Y-Z, Zhang, Y, Wu, S-Q, Xiao, Y, Yang, H, Ye, H, Polania, RA, Berete, RC, Couitchere, L, Peric, S, Alemany-Rubio, E, Gonzalez-Rodriguez, L, Autrata, R, Kepak, T, Pochop, P, Svojgr, K, Gregersen, PA, Urbak, SF, Montero, MM, Budiongo, A, Yanga, JM, Amani, TBK, Lukamba, RM, Numbi, MN, Calle Jara, DA, Villacis Chafla, EG, Sanchez, GL, Abouelnaga, S, Afifi, MA, Elhaddad, AM, Ali, AM, Elzembely, M, Said, AMA, Ziko, OAO, Fuentes-Alabi, SL, Goenz, MA, Eerme, K, Klett, A, Hordofa, DF, Mengesha, AA, Sherief, ST, Kivela, TT, Nummi, K, Cassoux, N, Desjardins, L, Obono-Obiang, G, Kardava, T, Khotenashvili, Z, Bechrakis, NE, Biewald, EM, Schlueter, S, Ketteler, P, Amankwaa-Frempong, D, Essuman, VA, Paintsil, V, Renner, LA, Alejos, A, Giron, A, Carreras, YA, Fu, LD, Maldonado, C, Wong, ES, Yam, JC, Csoka, M, Maka, E, Aggarwal, P, Gupta, V, Bhaduri, A, Bhattacharyya, A, Das, A, Chawla, B, Das, P, Das, S, Gupta, H, Gupta, S, Verma, N, Kaliki, S, Khetan, V, Maitra, P, Mahajan, A, Menon, V, Mishra, DKC, Palanivelu, MS, Ramanjulu, R, Mudaliar, SS, Nair, AG, Natarajan, S, Seth, R, Singh, U, Bhat, S, Dudeja, G, Tripathy, D, Akib, IMNR, Pagarra, H, Amiruddin, PO, Kuntorini, MW, Armytasari, I, Supriyadi, E, Sutyawan, IWE, Yuliawati, P, Lutfi, D, Soebagjo, HD, Rahman, A, Sitorus, RS, Victor, AA, Tehuteru, ES, Widiarti, W, Nency, YM, Faranoush, M, Mehrvar, A, Tashvighi, M, Sedaghat, A, Ghassemi, F, Khodabande, A, Abdulqader, RA, Al-Shaheen, AASM, Al Ani, MH, Haydar, H, Al-Badri, SAF, Al-Jadiry, MF, Sabhan, AH, Al-Jumaily, U, Al-Mafrachi, AARM, Al-Shammary, EH, Al-Janabi, ANH, Qadir, AO, Capra, M, Blum, S, Gomel, N, Fabian, ID, Goldberg, H, Kapelushnik, N, Madgar, S, Vishnevskia-Dai, V, Frenkel, S, Pe'er, J, Gorfine, M, Refaeli, D, Steinberg, DM, Lavy, Y, Toledano, H, Caspi, S, De Francesco, S, Hadjistilianou, T, Ida, R, Valente, P, Midena, E, Parrozzani, R, Cowan-Lyn, KE, Vaughan, LO, Suzuki, S, Mohammad, MT, Yousef, YA, Manzhuova, L, Atsiaya, R, Matende, IO, Begimkulova, AS, Makimbetov, EK, Keomisy, J, Sayalith, P, Valeina, S, Viksnins, M, Al-Haddad, CE, Saab, RH, Alsawidi, KM, Elbahi, AM, Krivaitiene, D, Tateshi, B, Randrianarisoa, HL, Raobela, L, Msukwa, G, Nyirenda, C, Hamzah, N, Teh, KH, Sylla, F, Traore, F, Cheikh, SS, Zein, E, Perez, GG, Sanchez Orozco, AJ, Ortega-Hernandez, M, Ramirez-Ortiz, MA, Chuluunbat, T, Abdallah, E, Benmiloud, S, El Kettani, A, Hessissen, L, Almeida, AA, Limbu, B, Rajkarnikar, P, Saiju, R, Moll, AC, Wijsard, MVH, Cockcroft, RL, Ng, Y, Dodgshun, AJ, Calderon-Sotelo, P, Abdullahi, SU, Hassan, S, Umar, AB, Abdulrahaman, AA, Wali, AH, Ademola-Popoola, DS, Adio, A, Aghaji, AE, Ezegwui, IR, Akinsete, A, Musa, KO, Fasina, O, Ibanga, A, Nkanga, ED, Mustapha, T, Ribadu, D, Hummelen, M, Ahmad, A, Mushtaq, A, Qayyum, S, Chaudhry, S, Fadoo, Z, Jeeva, I, Masud, S, Hamid, SA, Zia, N, Siddiqui, SN, Janjua, T, Yaqub, MA, Khaqan, HA, Quintero D, K, Yee, R, Jairaj, V, Cano, MR, Fernandez, DDPG, Diaz Coronado, RY, Zapata Lopez, AM, Garcia, JL, Ponce, J, Garcia Pacheco, HN, Pascual Morales, CR, Vasquez Anchaya, JK, Tarrillo Leiva, FF, Alcasabas, APA, Mercado, GJ, Cieslik, K, Hautz, W, Rogowska, A, Castela, G, Silva, S, Jo, DH, Kim, JH, Comsa, C, Dragomir, MD, Neroev, V, Saakyan, S, Polyakov, V, Ushakova, TL, Yarovaya, VA, Yarovoy, AA, Theophile, T, Al Mesfer, S, Maktabi, A, Al-Dahmash, SA, Alkatan, HM, Moreira, C, Roth, PAN, Ilic, VR, Nikitovic, M, Latinovic, S, Quah, B, Tan, D, Hederova, S, Husakova, K, Groznik, AL, Pompe, MT, Davidson, A, Du Bruyn, M, Du Plessis, J, Stones, DK, Geel, JA, Myezo, KH, Kruger, M, Mayet, I, Naidu, G, Naidu, N, Mustak, H, Reynders, D, Wetter, J, Alarcon Portabella, S, Martin-Begue, N, Wolley Dod, C, Balaguer, J, Barranco, H, Catala-Mora, J, Correa Llano, MG, Fernandez-Teijeiro, A, Garcia Aldana, D, Peralta Calvo, J, San Roman Pacheco, S, Gunasekera, DS, Elhassan, MMA, Mohamedani, AA, All-Eriksson, C, Bartuma, K, Popovic, MB, Munier, FL, Liu, C-H, Chiwanga, FS, Kyara, A, Mndeme, FG, Msina, MS, Scanlan, TA, Atchaneeyasakul, L-O, Buaboonnam, J, Dangboon, W, Singha, P, Hongeng, S, Kulvichit, K, Rojanaporn, D, Surukrattanaskul, S, Wangtiraumnuay, N, Wiwatwongwana, A, Wiwatwongwana, D, Wongwai, P, Sharma, MK, Guedenon, KM, Bouguila, H, Atalay, HT, Hasanreisoglu, M, Ataseven, E, Kantar, M, Gunduz, AK, Kebudi, R, Kiratli, H, Koc, I, Tuncer, S, Unal, E, Kalinaki, A, Matua, M, Waddell, K, Musika, AA, Ssali, G, Al Harby, L, Reddy, MA, Astbury, NJ, Bascaran, C, Bowman, R, Burton, MJ, Foster, A, Zondervan, M, Sagoo, MS, Bobrova, N, Sorochynska, T, Lysytsia, L, Castillo, L, Afshar, AR, Berry, JL, Kim, JW, Randhawa, JK, Binkley, E, Boldt, HC, Larson, SA, Brennan, RC, Chandramohan, A, Stacey, AW, Corson, TW, Plager, DA, Davanzo, JM, Singh, AD, Demirci, H, Ericksen, C, Magrath, GN, Gold, AS, Murray, TG, Gonzalez, E, Shah, AS, Hansen, ED, Hartnett, ME, Harbour, JW, Hubbard, GB, Uner, OE, Laurenti, KD, Mets, MB, Leverant, AA, Ramasubramanian, A, Luna-Fineman, S, Miller, A, Skalet, AH, Mruthyunjaya, P, Hassan, M, Oliver, SC, Shields, CL, Yaghy, A, Stahl, ED, Wilson, MW, Villegas, VM, Islamov, Z, Usmanov, RH, Graells, J, Romero, L, Pham, CTM, Trang, DL, Al-Hussaini, HH, Thawaba, ADM, Muma, KIM, and Nyaywa, M
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer worldwide. There is some evidence to suggest that major differences exist in treatment outcomes for children with retinoblastoma from different regions, but these differences have not been assessed on a global scale. We aimed to report 3-year outcomes for children with retinoblastoma globally and to investigate factors associated with survival. METHODS: We did a prospective cluster-based analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed between Jan 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2017, then treated and followed up for 3 years. Patients were recruited from 260 specialised treatment centres worldwide. Data were obtained from participating centres on primary and additional treatments, duration of follow-up, metastasis, eye globe salvage, and survival outcome. We analysed time to death and time to enucleation with Cox regression models. FINDINGS: The cohort included 4064 children from 149 countries. The median age at diagnosis was 23·2 months (IQR 11·0-36·5). Extraocular tumour spread (cT4 of the cTNMH classification) at diagnosis was reported in five (0·8%) of 636 children from high-income countries, 55 (5·4%) of 1027 children from upper-middle-income countries, 342 (19·7%) of 1738 children from lower-middle-income countries, and 196 (42·9%) of 457 children from low-income countries. Enucleation surgery was available for all children and intravenous chemotherapy was available for 4014 (98·8%) of 4064 children. The 3-year survival rate was 99·5% (95% CI 98·8-100·0) for children from high-income countries, 91·2% (89·5-93·0) for children from upper-middle-income countries, 80·3% (78·3-82·3) for children from lower-middle-income countries, and 57·3% (52·1-63·0) for children from low-income countries. On analysis, independent factors for worse survival were residence in low-income countries compared to high-income countries (hazard ratio 16·67; 95% CI 4·76-50·00), cT4 advanced tumour compared to
Published: 2022

230. Polarization patterns in economic development and innovation

Author: Azomahou, Théophile T. and Diene, Mbaye
Published: 2012
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231. Intergenerational Education Mobility in Africa: Has Progress been Inclusive?

Author: Azomahou, Theophile T., primary and Yitbarek, Eleni A., additional
Published: 2016
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232. Testing convergence of European regions: A semiparametric approach

Author: Azomahou, Théophile T., El ouardighi, Jalal, Nguyen-Van, Phu, and Pham, Thi Kim Cuong
Published: 2011
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233. Memory properties and aggregation of spatial autoregressive models

Author: Azomahou, Théophile T.
Published: 2009
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234. Sex, gender, and retinoblastoma: analysis of 4351 patients from 153 countries

Author: Fabian ID, Khetan V, Stacey AW, Allen Foster, Ademola-Popoola DS, Berry JL, Cassoux N, Chantada G, Hessissen L, Kaliki S, Kivelä TT, Luna-Fineman S, Munier FL, Reddy MA, Rojanaporn D, Blum S, Sherief ST, Staffieri SE, Theophile T, Waddell K, Ji X, Astbury NJ, Bascaran C, Burton M, Zondervan M, Bowman R, and Global Retinoblastoma Study Group
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate in a large global sample of patients with retinoblastoma whether sex predilection exists for this childhood eye cancer. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis including 4351 treatment-naive retinoblastoma patients from 153 countries who presented to 278 treatment centers across the world in 2017. The sex ratio (male/female) in the sample was compared to the sex ratio at birth by means of a two-sided proportions test at global level, country economic grouping, continent, and for selected countries. RESULTS: For the entire sample, the mean retinoblastoma sex ratio, 1.20, was higher than the weighted global sex ratio at birth, 1.07 (p < 0.001). Analysis at economic grouping, continent, and country-level demonstrated differences in the sex ratio in the sample compared to the ratio at birth in lower-middle-income countries (n = 1940), 1.23 vs. 1.07 (p = 0.019); Asia (n = 2276), 1.28 vs. 1.06 (p < 0.001); and India (n = 558), 1.52 vs. 1.11 (p = 0.008). Sensitivity analysis, excluding data from India, showed that differences remained significant for the remaining sample (?(2) = 6.925, corrected p = 0.025) and for Asia (?(2) = 5.084, corrected p = 0.036). Excluding data from Asia, differences for the remaining sample were nonsignificant (?(2) = 2.205, p = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS: No proof of sex predilection in retinoblastoma was found in the present study, which is estimated to include over half of new retinoblastoma patients worldwide in 2017. A high male to female ratio in Asian countries, India in specific, which may have had an impact on global-level analysis, is likely due to gender discrimination in access to care in these countries, rather than a biological difference between sexes.
Published: 2021

235. Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level

Author: Fabian, ID, Abdallah, E, Abdullahi, SU, Abdulqader, RA, Boubacar, SA, Ademola-Popoola, DS, Adio, A, Afshar, AR, Aggarwal, P, Aghaji, AE, Ahmad, A, Akib, MNR, Al Harby, L, Al Ani, MH, Alakbarova, A, Portabella, SA, Al-Badri, SAF, Alcasabas, APA, Al-Dahmash, SA, Alejos, A, Alemany-Rubio, E, Bio, AIA, Carreras, YA, Al-Haddad, C, Al-Hussaini, HHY, Ali, AM, Alia, DB, Al-Jadiry, MF, Al-Jumaly, U, Alkatan, HM, All-Eriksson, C, Al-Mafrachi, AARM, Almeida, AA, Alsawidi, KM, Al-Shaheen, AASM, Al-Shammary, EH, Amiruddin, PO, Antonino, R, Astbury, NJ, Atalay, HT, Atchaneeyasakul, L-O, Atsiaya, R, Attaseth, T, Aung, TH, Ayala, S, Baizakova, B, Balaguer, J, Balayeva, R, Balwierz, W, Barranco, H, Bascaran, C, Popovic, MB, Benavides, R, Benmiloud, S, Guebessi, NB, Berete, RC, Berry, JL, Bhaduri, A, Bhat, S, Biddulph, SJ, Biewald, EM, Bobrova, N, Boehme, M, Boldt, HC, Bonanomi, MTBC, Bornfeld, N, Bouda, GC, Bouguila, H, Boumedane, A, Brennan, RC, Brichard, BG, Buaboonnam, J, Calderon-Sotelo, P, Calle Jara, DA, Camuglia, JE, Cano, MR, Capra, M, Cassoux, N, Castela, G, Castillo, L, Catala-Mora, J, Chantada, GL, Chaudhry, S, Chaugule, SS, Chauhan, A, Chawla, B, Chernodrinska, VS, Chiwanga, FS, Chuluunbat, T, Cieslik, K, Cockcroft, RL, Comsa, C, Correa, ZM, Correa Llano, MG, Corson, TW, Cowan-Lyn, KE, Csoka, M, Cui, X, Da Gama, I, Dangboon, W, Das, A, Das, S, Davanzo, JM, Davidson, A, De Potter, P, Delgado, KQ, Demirci, H, Desjardins, L, Diaz Coronado, RY, Dimaras, H, Dodgshun, AJ, Donaldson, C, Donato Macedo, CR, Dragomir, MD, Du, Y, Du Bruyn, M, Edison, KS, Sutyawan, IWE, El Kettani, A, Elbahi, AM, Elder, JE, Elgalaly, D, Elhaddad, AM, Elhassan, MMA, Elzembely, MM, Essuman, VA, Evina, TGA, Fadoo, Z, Fandino, AC, Faranoush, M, Fasina, O, Fernandez, DDPG, Fernandez-Teijeiro, A, Foster, A, Frenkel, S, Fu, LD, Fuentes-Alabi, SL, Gallie, BL, Gandiwa, M, Garcia, JL, Garcia Aldana, D, Gassant, PY, Geel, JA, Ghassemi, F, Giron, A, Gizachew, Z, Goenz, MA, Gold, AS, Goldberg-Lavid, M, Gole, GA, Gomel, N, Gonzalez, E, Gonzalez Perez, G, Gonzalez-Rodriguez, L, Garcia Pacheco, HN, Graells, J, Green, L, Gregersen, PA, Grigorovski, NDAK, Guedenon, KM, Gunasekera, DS, Gunduz, AK, Gupta, H, Gupta, S, Hadjistilianou, T, Hamel, P, Hamid, SA, Hamzah, N, Hansen, ED, Harbour, JW, Hartnett, ME, Hasanreisoglu, M, Hassan, S, Hederova, S, Hernandez, J, Carcamo Hernandez, LM, Hessissen, L, Hordofa, DF, Huang, LC, Hubbard, GB, Hummlen, M, Husakova, K, Al-Janabi, ANH, Ida, R, Ilic, VR, Jairaj, V, Jeeva, I, Jenkinson, H, Ji, X, Jo, DH, Johnson, KP, Johnson, WJ, Jones, MM, Kabesha, TBA, Kabore, RL, Kaliki, S, Kalinaki, A, Kantar, M, Kao, L-Y, Kardava, T, Kebudi, R, Kepak, T, Keren-Froim, N, Khan, ZJ, Khaqan, HA, Khauv, P, Kheir, WJ, Khetan, V, Khodabande, A, Khotenashvili, Z, Kim, JW, Kim, JH, Kiratli, H, Kivela, TT, Klett, A, Palet, JEKK, Krivaitiene, D, Kruger, M, Kulvichit, K, Kuntorini, MW, Kyara, A, Lachmann, ES, Lam, CPS, Lam, GC, Larson, SA, Latinovic, S, Laurenti, KD, Le, BHA, Lecuona, K, Leverant, AA, Li, C, Limbu, B, Quah, BL, Lopez, JP, Lukamba, RM, Lumbroso, L, Luna-Fineman, S, Lutfi, D, Lysytsia, L, Magrath, GN, Mahajan, A, Majeed, AR, Maka, E, Makan, M, Makimbetov, EK, Manda, C, Martin Begue, N, Mason, L, Mason, JO, Matende, IO, Materin, M, Mattosinho, CCDS, Matua, M, Mayet, I, Mbumba, FB, McKenzie, JD, Medina-Sanson, A, Mehrvar, A, Mengesha, AA, Menon, V, Mercado, GJVD, Mets, MB, Midena, E, Mishra, DKC, Mndeme, FG, Mohamedani, AA, Mohammad, MT, Moll, AC, Montero, MM, Morales, RA, Moreira, C, Mruthyunjaya, P, Msina, MS, Msukwa, G, Mudaliar, SS, Muma, K, Munier, FL, Murgoi, G, Murray, TG, Musa, KO, Mushtaq, A, Mustak, H, Muyen, OM, Naidu, G, Nair, AG, Naumenko, L, Roth, PAN, Nency, YM, Neroev, V, Ngo, H, Nieves, RM, Nikitovic, M, Nkanga, ED, Nkumbe, H, Nuruddin, M, Nyaywa, M, Obono-Obiang, G, Oguego, NC, Olechowski, A, Oliver, SCN, Osei-Bonsu, P, Ossandon, D, Paez-Escamilla, MA, Pagarra, H, Painter, SL, Paintsil, V, Paiva, L, Pal, BP, Palanivelu, MS, Papyan, R, Parrozzani, R, Parulekar, M, Morales, CRP, Paton, KE, Pawinska-Wasikowska, K, Pe'er, J, Pena, A, Peric, S, Pham, CTM, Philbert, R, Plager, DA, Pochop, P, Polania, RA, Polyakov, VG, Pompe, MT, Pons, JJ, Prat, D, Prom, V, Purwanto, I, Qadir, AO, Qayyum, S, Qian, J, Rahman, A, Rahman, S, Rahmat, J, Rajkarnikar, P, Ramanjulu, R, Ramasubramanian, A, Ramirez-Ortiz, MA, Raobela, L, Rashid, R, Reddy, MA, Reich, E, Renner, LA, Reynders, D, Ribadu, D, Riheia, MM, Ritter-Sovinz, P, Rojanaporn, D, Romero, L, Roy, SR, Saab, RH, Saakyan, S, Sabhan, AH, Sagoo, MS, Said, AMA, Saiju, R, Salas, B, San Roman Pacheco, S, Sanchez, GL, Sayalith, P, Scanlan, TA, Schefler, AC, Schoeman, J, Sedaghat, A, Seregard, S, Seth, R, Shah, AS, Shakoor, SA, Sharma, MK, Sherief, ST, Shetye, NG, Shields, CL, Siddiqui, SN, Cheikh, SS, Silva, S, Singh, AD, Singh, N, Singh, U, Singha, P, Sitorus, RS, Skalet, AH, Soebagjo, HD, Sorochynska, T, Ssali, G, Stacey, AW, Staffieri, SE, Stahl, ED, Stathopoulos, C, Kranjc, BS, Stones, DK, Strahlendorf, C, Suarez, MEC, Sultana, S, Sun, X, Sundy, M, Superstein, R, Supriyadi, E, Surukrattanaskul, S, Suzuki, S, Svojgr, K, Sylla, F, Tamamyan, G, Tan, D, Tandili, A, Tarrillo Leiva, FF, Tashvighi, M, Tateshi, B, Tehuteru, ES, Teixeira, LF, Teh, KH, Theophile, T, Toledano, H, Trang, DL, Traore, F, Trichaiyaporn, S, Tuncer, S, Tyau-Tyau, H, Umar, AB, Unal, E, Uner, OE, Urbak, SF, Ushakova, TL, Usmanov, RH, Valeina, S, Wijsard, MVH, Varadisai, A, Vasquez, L, Vaughan, LO, Veleva-Krasteva, NV, Verma, N, Victor, AA, Viksnins, M, Villacos Chafla, EG, Vishnevskia-Dai, V, Vora, T, Wachtel, AE, Wackernagel, W, Waddell, K, Wade, PD, Wali, AH, Wang, Y-Z, Weiss, A, Wilson, MW, Wime, ADC, Wiwatwongwana, A, Wiwatwongwana, D, Dod, CW, Wongwai, P, Xiang, D, Xiao, Y, Yam, JC, Yang, H, Yanga, JM, Yaqub, MA, Yarovaya, VA, Yarovoy, AA, Ye, H, Yousef, YA, Yuliawati, P, Zapata Lopez, AM, Zein, E, Zhang, C, Zhang, Y, Zhao, J, Zheng, X, Zhilyaeva, K, Zia, N, Ziko, OAO, Zondervan, M, Bowman, R, Fabian, ID, Abdallah, E, Abdullahi, SU, Abdulqader, RA, Boubacar, SA, Ademola-Popoola, DS, Adio, A, Afshar, AR, Aggarwal, P, Aghaji, AE, Ahmad, A, Akib, MNR, Al Harby, L, Al Ani, MH, Alakbarova, A, Portabella, SA, Al-Badri, SAF, Alcasabas, APA, Al-Dahmash, SA, Alejos, A, Alemany-Rubio, E, Bio, AIA, Carreras, YA, Al-Haddad, C, Al-Hussaini, HHY, Ali, AM, Alia, DB, Al-Jadiry, MF, Al-Jumaly, U, Alkatan, HM, All-Eriksson, C, Al-Mafrachi, AARM, Almeida, AA, Alsawidi, KM, Al-Shaheen, AASM, Al-Shammary, EH, Amiruddin, PO, Antonino, R, Astbury, NJ, Atalay, HT, Atchaneeyasakul, L-O, Atsiaya, R, Attaseth, T, Aung, TH, Ayala, S, Baizakova, B, Balaguer, J, Balayeva, R, Balwierz, W, Barranco, H, Bascaran, C, Popovic, MB, Benavides, R, Benmiloud, S, Guebessi, NB, Berete, RC, Berry, JL, Bhaduri, A, Bhat, S, Biddulph, SJ, Biewald, EM, Bobrova, N, Boehme, M, Boldt, HC, Bonanomi, MTBC, Bornfeld, N, Bouda, GC, Bouguila, H, Boumedane, A, Brennan, RC, Brichard, BG, Buaboonnam, J, Calderon-Sotelo, P, Calle Jara, DA, Camuglia, JE, Cano, MR, Capra, M, Cassoux, N, Castela, G, Castillo, L, Catala-Mora, J, Chantada, GL, Chaudhry, S, Chaugule, SS, Chauhan, A, Chawla, B, Chernodrinska, VS, Chiwanga, FS, Chuluunbat, T, Cieslik, K, Cockcroft, RL, Comsa, C, Correa, ZM, Correa Llano, MG, Corson, TW, Cowan-Lyn, KE, Csoka, M, Cui, X, Da Gama, I, Dangboon, W, Das, A, Das, S, Davanzo, JM, Davidson, A, De Potter, P, Delgado, KQ, Demirci, H, Desjardins, L, Diaz Coronado, RY, Dimaras, H, Dodgshun, AJ, Donaldson, C, Donato Macedo, CR, Dragomir, MD, Du, Y, Du Bruyn, M, Edison, KS, Sutyawan, IWE, El Kettani, A, Elbahi, AM, Elder, JE, Elgalaly, D, Elhaddad, AM, Elhassan, MMA, Elzembely, MM, Essuman, VA, Evina, TGA, Fadoo, Z, Fandino, AC, Faranoush, M, Fasina, O, Fernandez, DDPG, Fernandez-Teijeiro, A, Foster, A, Frenkel, S, Fu, LD, Fuentes-Alabi, SL, Gallie, BL, Gandiwa, M, Garcia, JL, Garcia Aldana, D, Gassant, PY, Geel, JA, Ghassemi, F, Giron, A, Gizachew, Z, Goenz, MA, Gold, AS, Goldberg-Lavid, M, Gole, GA, Gomel, N, Gonzalez, E, Gonzalez Perez, G, Gonzalez-Rodriguez, L, Garcia Pacheco, HN, Graells, J, Green, L, Gregersen, PA, Grigorovski, NDAK, Guedenon, KM, Gunasekera, DS, Gunduz, AK, Gupta, H, Gupta, S, Hadjistilianou, T, Hamel, P, Hamid, SA, Hamzah, N, Hansen, ED, Harbour, JW, Hartnett, ME, Hasanreisoglu, M, Hassan, S, Hederova, S, Hernandez, J, Carcamo Hernandez, LM, Hessissen, L, Hordofa, DF, Huang, LC, Hubbard, GB, Hummlen, M, Husakova, K, Al-Janabi, ANH, Ida, R, Ilic, VR, Jairaj, V, Jeeva, I, Jenkinson, H, Ji, X, Jo, DH, Johnson, KP, Johnson, WJ, Jones, MM, Kabesha, TBA, Kabore, RL, Kaliki, S, Kalinaki, A, Kantar, M, Kao, L-Y, Kardava, T, Kebudi, R, Kepak, T, Keren-Froim, N, Khan, ZJ, Khaqan, HA, Khauv, P, Kheir, WJ, Khetan, V, Khodabande, A, Khotenashvili, Z, Kim, JW, Kim, JH, Kiratli, H, Kivela, TT, Klett, A, Palet, JEKK, Krivaitiene, D, Kruger, M, Kulvichit, K, Kuntorini, MW, Kyara, A, Lachmann, ES, Lam, CPS, Lam, GC, Larson, SA, Latinovic, S, Laurenti, KD, Le, BHA, Lecuona, K, Leverant, AA, Li, C, Limbu, B, Quah, BL, Lopez, JP, Lukamba, RM, Lumbroso, L, Luna-Fineman, S, Lutfi, D, Lysytsia, L, Magrath, GN, Mahajan, A, Majeed, AR, Maka, E, Makan, M, Makimbetov, EK, Manda, C, Martin Begue, N, Mason, L, Mason, JO, Matende, IO, Materin, M, Mattosinho, CCDS, Matua, M, Mayet, I, Mbumba, FB, McKenzie, JD, Medina-Sanson, A, Mehrvar, A, Mengesha, AA, Menon, V, Mercado, GJVD, Mets, MB, Midena, E, Mishra, DKC, Mndeme, FG, Mohamedani, AA, Mohammad, MT, Moll, AC, Montero, MM, Morales, RA, Moreira, C, Mruthyunjaya, P, Msina, MS, Msukwa, G, Mudaliar, SS, Muma, K, Munier, FL, Murgoi, G, Murray, TG, Musa, KO, Mushtaq, A, Mustak, H, Muyen, OM, Naidu, G, Nair, AG, Naumenko, L, Roth, PAN, Nency, YM, Neroev, V, Ngo, H, Nieves, RM, Nikitovic, M, Nkanga, ED, Nkumbe, H, Nuruddin, M, Nyaywa, M, Obono-Obiang, G, Oguego, NC, Olechowski, A, Oliver, SCN, Osei-Bonsu, P, Ossandon, D, Paez-Escamilla, MA, Pagarra, H, Painter, SL, Paintsil, V, Paiva, L, Pal, BP, Palanivelu, MS, Papyan, R, Parrozzani, R, Parulekar, M, Morales, CRP, Paton, KE, Pawinska-Wasikowska, K, Pe'er, J, Pena, A, Peric, S, Pham, CTM, Philbert, R, Plager, DA, Pochop, P, Polania, RA, Polyakov, VG, Pompe, MT, Pons, JJ, Prat, D, Prom, V, Purwanto, I, Qadir, AO, Qayyum, S, Qian, J, Rahman, A, Rahman, S, Rahmat, J, Rajkarnikar, P, Ramanjulu, R, Ramasubramanian, A, Ramirez-Ortiz, MA, Raobela, L, Rashid, R, Reddy, MA, Reich, E, Renner, LA, Reynders, D, Ribadu, D, Riheia, MM, Ritter-Sovinz, P, Rojanaporn, D, Romero, L, Roy, SR, Saab, RH, Saakyan, S, Sabhan, AH, Sagoo, MS, Said, AMA, Saiju, R, Salas, B, San Roman Pacheco, S, Sanchez, GL, Sayalith, P, Scanlan, TA, Schefler, AC, Schoeman, J, Sedaghat, A, Seregard, S, Seth, R, Shah, AS, Shakoor, SA, Sharma, MK, Sherief, ST, Shetye, NG, Shields, CL, Siddiqui, SN, Cheikh, SS, Silva, S, Singh, AD, Singh, N, Singh, U, Singha, P, Sitorus, RS, Skalet, AH, Soebagjo, HD, Sorochynska, T, Ssali, G, Stacey, AW, Staffieri, SE, Stahl, ED, Stathopoulos, C, Kranjc, BS, Stones, DK, Strahlendorf, C, Suarez, MEC, Sultana, S, Sun, X, Sundy, M, Superstein, R, Supriyadi, E, Surukrattanaskul, S, Suzuki, S, Svojgr, K, Sylla, F, Tamamyan, G, Tan, D, Tandili, A, Tarrillo Leiva, FF, Tashvighi, M, Tateshi, B, Tehuteru, ES, Teixeira, LF, Teh, KH, Theophile, T, Toledano, H, Trang, DL, Traore, F, Trichaiyaporn, S, Tuncer, S, Tyau-Tyau, H, Umar, AB, Unal, E, Uner, OE, Urbak, SF, Ushakova, TL, Usmanov, RH, Valeina, S, Wijsard, MVH, Varadisai, A, Vasquez, L, Vaughan, LO, Veleva-Krasteva, NV, Verma, N, Victor, AA, Viksnins, M, Villacos Chafla, EG, Vishnevskia-Dai, V, Vora, T, Wachtel, AE, Wackernagel, W, Waddell, K, Wade, PD, Wali, AH, Wang, Y-Z, Weiss, A, Wilson, MW, Wime, ADC, Wiwatwongwana, A, Wiwatwongwana, D, Dod, CW, Wongwai, P, Xiang, D, Xiao, Y, Yam, JC, Yang, H, Yanga, JM, Yaqub, MA, Yarovaya, VA, Yarovoy, AA, Ye, H, Yousef, YA, Yuliawati, P, Zapata Lopez, AM, Zein, E, Zhang, C, Zhang, Y, Zhao, J, Zheng, X, Zhilyaeva, K, Zia, N, Ziko, OAO, Zondervan, M, and Bowman, R
Abstract: IMPORTANCE: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. OBJECTIVES: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. RESULTS: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis
Published: 2020

236. Acid-based geopolymers using waste fired brick and different metakaolins as raw materials

Author: Bewa, Christelle N., primary, Tchakouté, Hervé K., additional, Banenzoué, Charles, additional, Cakanou, Lorette, additional, Mbakop, Theophile T., additional, Kamseu, Elie, additional, and Rüscher, Claus H., additional
Published: 2020
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237. Convergence of European Regions: A Reappraisal

Author: Azomahou, Theophile T., El Ouardighi, Jalal, Nguyen-Van, Phu, and Kim Cuong Pham, Thi
Subjects: jel:O52, jel:O40, Convergence, Heterogeneity, Non-linearity, Kernel estimator, European regions, jel:C14
Abstract: We provide a reappraisal of income convergence across European regions over the period 1990-2005 by using a semiparametric partially linear model to approximate the relationship between the average growth rate of GDP per capita and the initial GDP per capita. Estimation results point out both country heterogeneity and non-linearity in the convergence process. Only low income regions converge while there is little evidence of convergence for higher income regions.
Published: 2010

238. A Structural nonparametric reappraisal of the CO2 emissions-income relationships

Author: Theophile T. Azomahou, Micheline Goedhuys, and Phu Nguyen-Van
Subjects: jel:O13, Nonparametric triangular systems, EKC, Energy use, CO2 emissions, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, jel:C14
Abstract: Relying on a structural nonparametric estimation, we show that CO2 emissions clearly increase with income at low income levels. For higher income levels, we observe a decreasing relationship, though not significant. We also find that CO2 emissions monotonically increases with energy use at a decreasing rate.
Published: 2010

239. Introduction to the special issue on ‘Innovation, inclusive growth and sustainable development’

Author: Azomahou, Théophile T., Goedhuys, Micheline, and Verspagen, Bart
Published: 2012
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240. Image cropping for malaria parasite detection on heterogeneous data.

Author: Chaharou IML, Lawani I, Dagba T, Degila J, and Boubacar HA
Subjects: Humans, Microscopy methods, Plasmodium isolation & purification, Plasmodium classification, Erythrocytes parasitology, Animals, Neural Networks, Computer, Malaria diagnosis, Malaria parasitology, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods, Deep Learning
Abstract: Malaria is a deadly disease of significant concern for the international community. It is an infectious disease caused by a Plasmodium spp. parasite and transmitted by the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. The parasite multiplies in the liver and then destroys the person's red blood cells until it reaches the severe stage, leading to death. The most used tools for diagnosing this disease are the microscope and the rapid diagnostic test (RDT), which have limitations preventing control of the disease. Computer vision technologies present alternatives by providing the means for early detection of this disease before it reaches the severe stage, facilitating treatment and saving patients. In this article, we suggest deep learning methods for earlier and more accurate detection of malaria parasites with high generalization capabilities using microscopic images of blood smears from many heterogeneous patients. These techniques are based on an image preprocessing method that mitigates some of the challenges associated with the variety of red cell characteristics due to patient diversity and other artifacts present in the data. For the study, we collected 65,970 microscopic images from 876 different patients to form a dataset of 33,007 images with a variety that enables us to create models with a high level of generalization. Three types of convolutional neural networks were used, namely Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), DenseNet, and LeNet-5, and the highest classification accuracy on the test data was 97.50% found with the DenseNet model., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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241. Clinical application of radiomics for the prediction of treatment outcome and survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review.

Author: Khene ZE, Tachibana I, Bertail T, Fleury R, Bhanvadia R, Kapur P, Rajaram S, Guo J, Christie A, Pedrosa I, Lotan Y, and Margulis V
Subjects: Humans, Treatment Outcome, Survival Rate, Prognosis, Predictive Value of Tests, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Radiomics, Carcinoma, Renal Cell diagnostic imaging, Carcinoma, Renal Cell therapy, Carcinoma, Renal Cell pathology, Carcinoma, Renal Cell mortality, Kidney Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Kidney Neoplasms therapy, Kidney Neoplasms pathology, Kidney Neoplasms mortality
Abstract: Purpose: The management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) relies on clinical and histopathological features for treatment decisions. Recently, radiomics, which involves the extraction and analysis of quantitative imaging features, has shown promise in improving RCC management. This review evaluates the current application and limitations of radiomics for predicting treatment and oncological outcomes in RCC., Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases or studies that used radiomics to predict response to treatment and survival outcomes in patients with RCC. The study quality was assessed using the Radiomics Quality Score (RQS) tools., Results: The systematic review identified a total of 27 studies, examining 6,119 patients. The most used imaging modality was contrast-enhanced abdominal CT. The reviewed studies extracted between 19 and 3376 radiomics features, including Histogram, Texture, Filter, or transformation method. Radiomics-based risk stratification models provided valuable insights into treatment response and oncological outcomes. All developed signatures demonstrated at least modest accuracy (AUC range: 0.55-0.99). The studies included in this analysis reported heterogeneous results regarding radiomics methods. The range of Radiomics Quality Score (RQS) was from - 5 to 20, with a mean RQS total of 9.15 ± 7.95., Conclusion: Radiomics has emerged as a promising tool in the management of RCC. It offers the potential for improved risk stratification and response assessment. However, future trials must demonstrate the generalizability of findings to prospective cohorts before progressing towards clinical translation., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2024
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242. Electrochemical sensor featuring PdFeCo 1-x ONPs on carbon paper for the sensitive determination of indole-3-lactic acid levels in serum samples.

Author: Nde DT, Merum D, Ghanashyam G, Ndabakuranye JP, Habila MA, Banerjee AN, Joo SW, Niyitanga T, and Kim H
Abstract: A highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensing platform with self-assembled porous 3-D trimetallic (Pd, Fe, and Co) hybrid anchored on a cost-effective and high-conducting carbon paper (CP) synthesized via a facile and cost-effective hydrothermal impregnation and thermal reduction technique was developed for determining indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) levels in buffer and serum samples. Before the analytical phase, the composite (PdFeCo 1-x ONPs@CP electrode) was thoroughly characterized, and different methods were used to investigate the electrochemical properties. The combination of tri-metallics with CP-fibers improved sensing capacities in the linear range of 0.05-30 μM, with sensitivity and limits of detection of and 0.165 ± 0.013 μA/μM and 7.8 ± 0. 2 nM, respectively, towards ILA determination. Furthermore, the developed sensing platform was utilized for the analyses of ILA in sigma, human normal, and alcohol use disorder patients' serum samples. Liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry was equally used to quantify ILA levels in the serum samples and the results of both methods were compared., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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243. Synthesis and characterization of X (X = Ni or Fe) modified BaTiO 3 for effective degradation of Reactive Red 120 dye under UV-A light and its biological activity.

Author: Balu K, Abisheik T, Niyitanga T, Kumaravel S, Ali W, Ehtisham Khan M, Kashif Ali S, Bashiri AH, Zakri W, and Pandiyan V
Subjects: Rhodamines chemistry, Coloring Agents chemistry, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Water Pollutants, Chemical chemistry, Triazines, Titanium chemistry, Titanium pharmacology, Ultraviolet Rays, Iron chemistry, Nickel chemistry, Barium Compounds chemistry, Photolysis
Abstract: For the sustainable advancement of industrial expansion that is environmentally conscious, harmful dyes must be removed from wastewater. Untreated effluents containing colors have the potential to harm the ecosystem and pose major health risks to people, animals, and aquatic life. Here, we have fabricated Ni or Fe modified with BaTiO 3 materials and effectively utilized them for Reactive Red 120 (RR 120) dye degradation under UV-A light. The synthesized materials were characterized, and their structural, and photo-physical properties were reported. Phase segregation was not present in the XRD pattern, as evidenced by the absence of secondary phase peaks linked to iron, nickel, or oxides. Low metal ion concentrations may be the cause of this, and the presence of those elements was confirmed by XPS measurements. The Raman spectra of the BaTiO 3 /Ni and BaTiO 3 /Fe samples show a widened peak at 500 cm -1 , which suggests that Ni or Fe are efficiently loaded onto the BaTiO 3 . RR 120 dye photodegradation under UV light conditions was effectively catalyzed by BaTiO 3 /Fe, as evidenced by its superior performance in the UV irradiation technique over both BaTiO 3 and BaTiO 3 /Ni. Compared to bare BaTiO 3 , both metal-modified materials efficiently degraded the RR 120 dye. Acidic pH facilitated the degradation process, which makes sense given that the heterogeneous photo-Fenton reaction was the mechanism of degradation along with BaTiO 3 sensitization. High-acidity sewage can be dangerous and carcinogenic, and conventional biological treatment methods are not appropriate for managing it. In the current investigation, it may be used to treat color effluents with extremely low pH levels. Additionally, the ability of the produced nanocomposites to inhibit the growth of twenty pathogens was examined, along with two fungi, fifteen Gram-negative Bacilli (GNB), one Gram-positive Bacilli (GPB), and two Gram-positive Cocci (GBC)., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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244. Recent outcomes of liver transplantation for Budd-Chiari syndrome: A study of the European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR) and affiliated centers.

Author: Dongelmans E, Erler N, Adam R, Nadalin S, Karam V, Yilmaz S, Kelly C, Pirenne J, Acarli K, Allison M, Hakeem A, Dhakshinamoorthy V, Fedaruk D, Rummo O, Kilic M, Nordin A, Fischer L, Parente A, Mirza D, Bennet W, Tokat Y, Faitot F, Antonelli BB, Berlakovich G, Patch D, Berrevoet F, Ribnikar M, Gerster T, Savier E, Gruttadauria S, Ericzon BG, Valdivieso A, Cuervas-Mons V, Perez Saborido B, Croner RS, De Carlis L, Magini G, Rossi R, Popescu I, Razvan L, Schneeberger S, Blokzijl H, Llado L, Gomez Bravo MA, Duvoux C, Mezjlík V, Oniscu GC, Pearson K, Dayangac M, Lucidi V, Detry O, Rotellar F, den Hoed C, Polak WG, and Darwish Murad S
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Europe epidemiology, Adult, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Adolescent, Retrospective Studies, Budd-Chiari Syndrome surgery, Liver Transplantation statistics & numerical data, Registries statistics & numerical data, Graft Survival
Abstract: Background and Aims: Management of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) has improved over the last decades. The main aim was to evaluate the contemporary post-liver transplant (post-LT) outcomes in Europe., Approach and Results: Data from all patients who underwent transplantation from 1976 to 2020 was obtained from the European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR). Patients < 16 years, with secondary BCS or HCC were excluded. Patient survival (PS) and graft survival (GS) before and after 2000 were compared. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified predictors of PS and GS after 2000. Supplemental data was requested from all ELTR-affiliated centers and received from 44. In all, 808 patients underwent transplantation between 2000 and 2020. One-, 5- and 10-year PS was 84%, 77%, and 68%, and GS was 79%, 70%, and 62%, respectively. Both significantly improved compared to outcomes before 2000 ( p < 0.001). Median follow-up was 50 months and retransplantation rate was 12%. Recipient age (aHR:1.04,95%CI:1.02-1.06) and MELD score (aHR:1.04,95%CI:1.01-1.06), especially above 30, were associated with worse PS, while male sex had better outcomes (aHR:0.63,95%CI:0.41-0.96). Donor age was associated with worse PS (aHR:1.01,95%CI:1.00-1.03) and GS (aHR:1.02,95%CI:1.01-1.03). In 353 patients (44%) with supplemental data, 33% had myeloproliferative neoplasm, 20% underwent TIPS pre-LT, and 85% used anticoagulation post-LT. Post-LT anticoagulation was associated with improved PS (aHR:0.29,95%CI:0.16-0.54) and GS (aHR:0.48,95%CI:0.29-0.81). Hepatic artery thrombosis and portal vein thrombosis (PVT) occurred in 9% and 7%, while recurrent BCS was rare (3%)., Conclusions: LT for BCS results in excellent patient- and graft-survival. Older recipient or donor age and higher MELD are associated with poorer outcomes, while long-term anticoagulation improves both patient and graft outcomes., (Copyright © 2024 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.)
Published: 2024
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245. Computed tomography-based radiomic markers are independent prognosticators of survival in advanced laryngeal cancer: a pilot study.

Author: Rajgor AD, Kui C, McQueen A, Cowley J, Gillespie C, Mill A, Rushton S, Obara B, Bigirumurame T, Kallas K, O'Hara J, Aboagye E, and Hamilton DW
Subjects: Humans, Pilot Projects, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Neoplasm Staging, Tumor Burden, Proportional Hazards Models, Radiomics, Laryngeal Neoplasms mortality, Laryngeal Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Laryngeal Neoplasms pathology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods
Abstract: Objective: Advanced laryngeal cancers are clinically complex; there is a paucity of modern decision-making models to guide tumour-specific management. This pilot study aims to identify computed tomography-based radiomic features that may predict survival and enhance prognostication., Methods: Pre-biopsy, contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans were assembled from a retrospective cohort ( n = 72) with advanced laryngeal cancers (T3 and T4). The LIFEx software was used for radiomic feature extraction. Two features: shape compacity (irregularity of tumour volume) and grey-level zone length matrix - grey-level non-uniformity (tumour heterogeneity) were selected via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-based Cox regression and explored for prognostic potential., Results: A greater shape compacity (hazard ratio 2.89) and grey-level zone length matrix - grey-level non-uniformity (hazard ratio 1.64) were significantly associated with worse 5-year disease-specific survival ( p < 0.05). Cox regression models yielded a superior C-index when incorporating radiomic features (0.759) versus clinicopathological variables alone (0.655)., Conclusions: Two radiomic features were identified as independent prognostic biomarkers. A multi-centre prospective study is necessary for further exploration. Integrated radiomic models may refine the treatment of advanced laryngeal cancers.
Published: 2024
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246. Ultrasensitive plasma-based monitoring of tumor burden using machine-learning-guided signal enrichment.

Author: Widman AJ, Shah M, Frydendahl A, Halmos D, Khamnei CC, Øgaard N, Rajagopalan S, Arora A, Deshpande A, Hooper WF, Quentin J, Bass J, Zhang M, Langanay T, Andersen L, Steinsnyder Z, Liao W, Rasmussen MH, Henriksen TV, Jensen SØ, Nors J, Therkildsen C, Sotelo J, Brand R, Schiffman JS, Shah RH, Cheng AP, Maher C, Spain L, Krause K, Frederick DT, den Brok W, Lohrisch C, Shenkier T, Simmons C, Villa D, Mungall AJ, Moore R, Zaikova E, Cerda V, Kong E, Lai D, Malbari MS, Marton M, Manaa D, Winterkorn L, Gelmon K, Callahan MK, Boland G, Potenski C, Wolchok JD, Saxena A, Turajlic S, Imielinski M, Berger MF, Aparicio S, Altorki NK, Postow MA, Robine N, Andersen CL, and Landau DA
Subjects: Humans, Whole Genome Sequencing, Neoplasms genetics, Neoplasms blood, Neoplasms therapy, Neoplasms pathology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Biomarkers, Tumor genetics, Biomarkers, Tumor blood, Colorectal Neoplasms genetics, Colorectal Neoplasms blood, Colorectal Neoplasms pathology, Lung Neoplasms genetics, Lung Neoplasms blood, Lung Neoplasms pathology, Circulating Tumor DNA genetics, Circulating Tumor DNA blood, DNA Copy Number Variations, Machine Learning, Neoplasm, Residual genetics, Tumor Burden
Abstract: In solid tumor oncology, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is poised to transform care through accurate assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD) and therapeutic response monitoring. To overcome the sparsity of ctDNA fragments in low tumor fraction (TF) settings and increase MRD sensitivity, we previously leveraged genome-wide mutational integration through plasma whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Here we now introduce MRD-EDGE, a machine-learning-guided WGS ctDNA single-nucleotide variant (SNV) and copy-number variant (CNV) detection platform designed to increase signal enrichment. MRD-EDGE SNV uses deep learning and a ctDNA-specific feature space to increase SNV signal-to-noise enrichment in WGS by ~300× compared to previous WGS error suppression. MRD-EDGE CNV also reduces the degree of aneuploidy needed for ultrasensitive CNV detection through WGS from 1 Gb to 200 Mb, vastly expanding its applicability within solid tumors. We harness the improved performance to identify MRD following surgery in multiple cancer types, track changes in TF in response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in lung cancer and demonstrate ctDNA shedding in precancerous colorectal adenomas. Finally, the radical signal-to-noise enrichment in MRD-EDGE SNV enables plasma-only (non-tumor-informed) disease monitoring in advanced melanoma and lung cancer, yielding clinically informative TF monitoring for patients on immune-checkpoint inhibition., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)
Published: 2024
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247. Predictive value of C-reactive protein for postoperative liver-specific surgical site infections.

Author: Pattou M, Fuks D, Guilbaud T, Le Floch B, Lelièvre O, Tribillon E, Jeddou H, Marchese U, Birnbaum DJ, Soubrane O, Sulpice L, and Tzedakis S
Subjects: Humans, Biomarkers, Liver surgery, Liver metabolism, Postoperative Complications diagnosis, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Postoperative Complications etiology, Predictive Value of Tests, ROC Curve, C-Reactive Protein metabolism, Surgical Wound Infection diagnosis, Surgical Wound Infection epidemiology, Surgical Wound Infection etiology
Abstract: Background: C-reactive protein is a useful biological tool to predict infectious complications, but its predictive value in detecting organ-specific surgical site infection after liver resection has never been studied. We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of c-reactive protein and determine the cut-off values to detect postoperative liver resection-surgical site infection., Methods: A multicentric analysis of consecutive patients with liver resection between 2018 and 2021 was performed. The predictive value of postoperative day 1, postoperative day 3, and postoperative day 5 C-reactive protein levels was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Cut-off values were determined using the Youden index in a 500-fold bootstrap resampling of 500 patients treated at 3 centers, who comprised the development cohort and were tested in an external independent validation cohort of 166 patients at a fourth center., Results: Among the 500 patients who underwent liver resection of the development cohort, liver resection-surgical site infection occurred in 66 patients (13.2%), and the median time to diagnosis was 6.0 days (interquartile range, 4.0-9.0) days. Median C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher on postoperative day 1, postoperative day 3, and postoperative day 5 in the liver resection-surgical site infection group compared with the non-surgical site infection group (50.5 vs 34.5 ng/mL, 148.0 vs 72.5 ng/mL, and 128.4 vs 35.2 ng/mL, respectively; P < .001). Postoperative day 3 and postoperative day 5 C-reactive protein-level area under the curve values were 0.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.64-0.88, P < .001) and 0.82 (95% confidence interval, 0.72-0.92, P < .001), respectively. Postoperative day 3 and postoperative day 5 optimal cut-off values of 100 mg/L and 87.0 mg/L could be used to rule out liver resection-surgical site infection, with a negative predictive value of 87.0% (interquartile range, 70.2-93.8) and 76.0% (interquartile range, 65.0-88.0), respectively, in the validation cohort., Conclusion: Postoperative day 3 and postoperative day 5 C-reactive protein levels may be valuable predictive tools for liver resection-surgical site infection and aid in hospital discharge decision-making in the absence of other liver-related complications., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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248. Rational construction of MOF derived α-Fe 2 O 3 /g-C 3 N 4 composite for effective photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction.

Author: Kumaravel S, Avula B, Chandrasatheesh C, Niyitanga T, Saranya R, Hasan I, Abisheik T, Rai RS, Pandiyan V, and Balu K
Abstract: In recent years, researchers have been actively investigating metal oxide-based materials with narrow bandgaps due to their potential applications toward wastewater treatment and oxygen evolution reactions (OER). In this study, we successfully synthesized g-C 3 N 4 (GCN), Fe 2 O 3, and Fe 2 O 3 /g-C 3 N 4 (FGCN) using thermal polymerization and hydrothermal methods. We characterized the physicochemical and structural properties of these materials through various analytical techniques including XRD, FT-IR, UV-DRS, XPS, FE-SEM, and HR-TEM analyses, confirming the effective construction of the FGCN composite catalyst. We evaluated the photocatalytic activity of Fe 2 O 3 , GCN, and FGCN composite catalysts by assessing their ability to degrade rhodamine B (RhB) and crystal violet (CV) by exposing them to sunlight for 150 min. Among these catalysts, the FGCN composite demonstrated excellent photocatalytic performance, achieving 93 % and 95 % degradation of RhB and CV, respectively, under 150 min of sunlight exposure. The developed Fe 2 O 3 /g-C 3 N 4 @Nickel foam (FGCN@NF) composite catalyst exhibits remarkable OER performance, with a reduced Tafel slope of 64 mV/dec and a low overpotential of 290 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm 2 and shows excellent durable performance over a long time (15 h). Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis confirmed the mineralization of both dyes. The photocatalytic performance remained largely unchanged after five consecutive experiments, demonstrating excellent reusability and photostability. Trapping experiments revealed that O 2 ●- is the main species responsible for the photocatalytic decomposition of various dyes by the FGCN composite catalyst. Therefore, the development of a versatile photo/electrocatalytic system that can efficiently promote energy conversion in environmental applications has attracted great attention., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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249. Systemic Inflammation, the Peripheral Blood Transcriptome, and Primary Melanoma.

Author: Randerson-Moor J, Davies J, Harland M, Nsengimana J, Bigirumurame T, Walker C, Laye J, Appleton ES, Ball G, Cook GP, Bishop DT, Salmond RJ, and Newton-Bishop J
Abstract: Peripheral blood transcriptomes from 383 patients with newly diagnosed melanoma were subjected to differential gene expression analysis. The hypotheses were that impaired systemic immunity is associated with poorer prognosis (thicker tumors and fewer tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes) and evidence of systemic inflammation (high-sensitivity CRP and fibrinogen levels). Higher fibrinogen levels were associated with thicker primary tumors. In single-gene analysis, high-sensitivity CRP levels were significantly associated with higher blood CD274 expression (coding for PD-L1), but each was independently prognostic, with high-sensitivity CRP associated with increased mortality and higher CD274 protective, independent of age. Pathway analysis identified downregulation of immune cell signaling pathways in the blood of people with thicker tumors and notable upregulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 gene STAT1 in people with brisk tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Transcriptomic data provided evidence for increased NF-kB signaling with higher inflammatory markers but with reduction in expression of HLA class II molecules and higher CD274, suggesting that aberrant systemic inflammation is a significant mediator of reduced immune function in melanoma. In summary, transcriptomic data revealed evidence of reduced immune function in patients with thicker tumors and fewer tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes at diagnosis. Inflammatory markers were associated with thicker primaries and independently with death from melanoma, suggesting that systemic inflammation contributes to that reduced immune function., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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250. Nutrition-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Anemia Status of Lactating Mothers in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo-A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Author: Beitze DE, Kavira Malengera C, Barhwamire Kabesha T, and Scherbaum V
Subjects: Infant, Female, Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Democratic Republic of the Congo epidemiology, Mothers, Nutritional Status, Hemoglobins, Lactation, Anemia epidemiology
Abstract: Maternal nutrition is impacted by personal and environmental factors including dietary intake, knowledge, food availability, and affordability. This cross-sectional analysis aimed to evaluate nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, practices, and associations with hemoglobin concentration among lactating mothers in the Bukavu region, Democratic Republic of the Congo. In 444 lactating mothers, nutrition-related knowledge and practice were assessed by questionnaires and translated into knowledge and practice scores ranging from 0 to 1, attitudes and drivers of food choice were assessed, the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) was assessed with 24 h dietary recalls in a potential range from 0 to 10, and hemoglobin (Hb) was measured in mothers and their infants. Anemia prevalence was 28.2% among mothers and 74.3% among infants aged 3-8 months. Nutritional knowledge and practice were limited (the median total knowledge score was 0.39, median DDS was 3.0). While there were slight positive correlations between knowledge and maternal Hb, DDS did not significantly correlate with either knowledge or Hb. Although half of the mothers stated a perception about their own susceptibility to anemia or vitamin A deficiency (56.4%, 47.4%), less than half of those could justify their estimation (40.9%, 44.2%). Taste (68.1%), appearance (42.5%), availability (29.0%), and health effects (25.6%) were important drivers of food choice. In conclusion, interventions on the different influencing factors including nutrition education strategies are needed.
Published: 2024
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