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We present the effects of gravity on the growth of a hard-sphere (HS) crystal as determined by Monte Carlo simulations. HSs were confined between hard walls at the top (z=L z ) and the bottom (z=0) of the system with a periodic boundary condition in the horizontal direction. After preparing a melt state as an initial state, the gravity was suddenly switched on. The values of the gravity were m gσ/k B T(≡g *)=0.1,0.2,...,2.0, where m was the mass of a HS, g the acceleration of gravity, σ the HS diameter, and k B T the temperature multiplied by Boltzmann's constant. We observed the enhancement of crystallization due to gravity up to g *=0.7 and that the crystals of largest size were formed at g *=0.7–0.9. On the other hand, for g *≥1.0, the top position of the HS crystal that was grown from the bottom became lower with an increase in the gravity, where crystals with various axis directions coexisted. The polycrystallization is speculated to occur due to polynucleation. These results are qualitatively consistent with those of an experimental study of the centrifugal sedimentation of colloidal crystallization.

An improved method for determination of water-soluble chloride and water-soluble sulfate in food blue No. 1 aluminium lake (B-1 Lake) was developed. The reason for the very poor recovery of sulfate in B-1 Lake was found to be the adsorption of anions on the lake. In order to prevent sulfate adsorption, 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH7.0) was added. As the ratio of B-1 Lake to water decreased, the chloride content apparently increased. A constant value of chloride content in B-1 Lake (3.5%) was obtained by extrapolation.The preparation of test solution and the determination of Cl-, SO42- and I- in B-1 Lake were conducted as follows. Weigh 1.000g of Food B-1 Lake, add 10ml of 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and 90ml of water, and shake for 5 minutes in a mechanical shaker. After filtration, test the solution by ion-chromatography.A good recovery of sulfate was obtained by the proposed method. In a commercial B-1 Lake sample, chloride content was 3.2% and sulfate content was 2.7%, using this method. These values represent total contents of water-soluble chloride and water-soluble sulfate.

Epitaxial films of high-Tc superconductor Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+x (the so-called 2212 phase) were grown on the (100)-oriented SrTiO 3 substrate by liquid phase epitaxial method using KCl as a flux. It was found that the 2212 phase initially formed islands, and then developed into continuous single films with longer growth duration. The 2212 phase showed a clear epitaxial relationship to the substrate. The continuous film obtained from the growth period of 20 hours acted as a superconductor with T C(r=0) of 84 K and ΔT C of 4 K

A determination method by HPLC for starting materials [sulfanilic acid (SA), G-salt (GS), R-salt (RS), Schaeffer's salt (SS)], intermediates [6, 6′-oxybis(2-naphthalenesulfonic acid) (DONS), 4, 4′-(diazoamino)-dibenzenesulfonic acid (DAADBSA)] and subsidiary colors [3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2, 7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid (RS-SA), 4-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)azo] benzenesulfonic acid (2N-SA), 6-hydroxy-5-(phenylazo)2-naphthalenesulfonic acid (SS-AN)] in sunset yellow FCF was developed. The following conditions were used for analysis: column, Inertsil ODS-2 (4.6mm i. d.×250mm); solvent, gradient elution system of 0.02M ammonium acetate and 40v/v% acetonitrile in 0.02M ammonium acetate; detection, SA, GS, RS, SS and DONS at 232nm, DAADBSA at 358nm and subsidiary colors at 482nm.Recoveries of each impurity from sunset yellow FCF averaged 99.4-102.2%. Sixteen samples of commercial sunset yellow FCF in Japan were examined, with the following results: SA, N. D. -0.170%; GS, N. D. -0.080%; RS, N. D. -0.050%; SS, N. D. -0.281%; DONS, N. D. -0.250%; DAADBSA, N. D. -0.210%; RS-SA, 0.024-3.54%; mixtures of SS-AN and 2N-SA (as SS-AN); 0.015-0.360%. The detection limit was 0.05μg/g for each impurity.

High-T c (T c(zero)\fallingdotseq100 K) Bi-system single crystala were grown by annealing the bulk sample, which was prepared by slow cooling the melt of Bi:Sr:Ca:Cu=4:3:3:4, at 870°C for 100 h in air. It was found from the magnetization measurement (SQUID) that these crystals were mixtures of a high-T c phase and low-T c ones (possibly intergrowth).

The relationship between chloramphenicol (I) tablet bioavailability and in vitro dissolution rates was examined. The effect of solid food on the I tablet and powder bioavailability was also studied. Five tablets of I were selected for bioavailability testing on the basis of the dissolution rates of 18 I tablets (250 mg) determined by several methods. Compound I, 500 mg, was administered orally to five subjects, following overnight fasting, according to a crossover design. The bioavailability parameters were obtained from urinary I excretion. Among the five formulations studied, only one tablet (F) showed significantly poorer bioavailability. The dissolution rates at pH 1.2 did not give the same rank order as the bioavailability. The dissolution rate of Tablet F showed remarkable pH dependency. The dissolution rates at pH 4 showed good correlation with in vivo bioavailability data. The bioavailability of I powder was not affected by solid food. Tablet F, which had poor bioavailability in the fasting state, showed good bioavailability when administered just after the standard breakfast.

Pyridinoline, a cross-linking compound of collagen fibers, was found in human urine. A significant portion of urinary pyridinoline was in free form. The ratio of total pyridinoline to creatinine changed with age. It was high in children and decreased with growth. It was low and constant in adults, and increased slightly in old age. It was increased significantly in patients with certain bone and joint diseases. Urinary pyridinoline may serve as a useful marker for the breakdown of collagen fibers of skeletal tissues.

Pyridinoline is a non-reducible crosslink of collagen. The changes in the content of this crosslink during in vitro aging of bone collagen were studied. The pyridinoline content of bone collagen of 6-week-old chick was very low. When the collagen was incubated with physiological saline in air at 37 degrees C, the pyridinoline content increased markedly. After 6 weeks, the content reached the same level as that of the adult. The synthesis of pyridinoline was inhibited when air was excluded. The in vitro aged collagen was less susceptible to pepsin than the untreated collagen. The results indicate that pyridinoline is one of the mature crosslinks of collagen and plays a role in the stabilization of collagen fibers.

1981年より1987年までの7年間につき本院における心筋梗塞既往患者の麻酔について検討した. 全症例数19,868例 (開心術を除く) のうち, 心筋梗塞の既往のあるものは102例 (0.51%) であった. 術後再梗塞例は3例 (2.9%) で, 全例死亡した. 再梗塞に関して統計学的に明かな危険因子は認めなかった. これらにつき欧米での報告と比較し, また, 再梗塞に関する種々の要因について検討した.

Recent study revealed that methyl B12 had some immuno-modulating action. In this report we studied immuno-modulating action of methyl B12 with serological change of synovial fluid to 10 RA patients. The effects were evaluated with pre and post administration of methyl B12 on the Lansbury index, concentration of synovial immunoglobulin and complement.Morning stiffness and joint index had significantly improved. In synovial fluid, uneffective group had more increased rate of immunoglobulin and effective group had a increased level of CH50, C3 but there were no statistical significance. In this study shows that methyl B12 may have some immuno-modulanting action.

The methods of single crystal growth of well-qualified high-Tc Superconductors [La2CuO4 type and ABa2Cu3O7-δ (A=Y, Eu, Er, Dy, Ho, Yb)] were described. The growth mechanism of these crystals was analysed to be a lateral growth type by surface microtopographic observation of as-grown surfaces. The crystals show many spiral layers with giant Burgers vector, whose origin was discussed in terms of the crystal habit.

Microtopographies on the bottom surface of a KCl crystal, which was grown by the Czochralski method, were examined by means of phase-contrast microscopy. The spiral growth marking was found on the surface. It can be considered that this growth spirals seem to have been formed by the screw dislocation mechanism at the solid-liquid interface. The possibility of vapor growth was eliminated after examining the amount of KCl which might have been deposited on the crystal surface.

We used a computer to assess the degrees and types of the vertebral deformity on simple lateral X-ray pictures of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. We studied X-ray pictures of 120 females who were diagnosed as having postmenopausal or senile osteoporosis. The vertebral deformities were classified into five types; N: normal; I: vertex vertebra; II: fish vertebra; III: vertebra plana; IV: reverse vertex vertebra. Also, visual assessment of X-ray pictures was carried out by physicians. 3,018 of a total of 3,419 vertebral bodies were judged as normal (N) by physicians. 2,904 of these 3,018 vertebral bodies were judged normal (N) by our computer method. The rate of conformity was 96.22%. For vertex vertebra (I), fish vertebra (II) and vertebra plana (III), the rate of conformity the was 84.64%, 90.48% and 60.56% respectively. As a judgement of the presence/absence of the vertebral deformity, the computer method indicated that 114 of 3,018 vertebral bodies judged to be normal (N) by physicians were more or less deformed.

In order to examine the catalytic action of imidazole in nonaqueous solutions of nonionic surfactants, the pseudo-first-order rate constants (kobs) for the reaction between p-nitrophenyl acetate and imidazole in carbon tetrachloride was measured as a function of the concentration of imidazole at fixed molar ratios (0.5, 1.0, 2.0) of imidazole to surfactants. By analyzing of kobs-[Imidazole] profile obtained, the second and third rate constants (k2, m and k3, m) for imidazole monomer and the catalytic rate constant (kA) for imidazole aggregates were obtained. Both k2, m and kA values increase with the increase in the molar ratio or the oxyethylene chain length of surfactants, but the increase is small for k2, m. The catalytic action of imidazole in water solubilized into the imidazole/surfactant/CCl4 systems is enhanced with decrease in polarity of the interior of aggregates.

The relation of absorption sites of sulfonamides administered orally in uncoated tablets to their solubilities and dissolution rates was studied. Eight sulfonamides, sulfisomidine, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfaphenazole and sulfadimethoxine, were tested to determine their solubilities, dissolution rates and absorption rates following oral administration to humans. As a marker of gastric emptying time, the lag time of the urinary excretion of total salicylate was determined after the concurrent administration of enteric tablets of aspirin. A new parameter, RAAS (Relative Amount Absorbed in the Stomach) is proposed in order to represent the relative amount absorbed in the stomach region. RAAS values showed good correlations with the solubilities and dissolution rates of sulfonamides determined by means of the Sartorius solubility simulator with continuous pH change under non-sink conditions. It was concluded that : 1) The critical value of the solubility which distinguishes drugs according to their absorption sites, stomach or intestine, is about 3 mg/ml in 0.1 N HCl at 37° when 1 g of the drug is administered to humans orally with 200 ml of water after overnight fasting. 2) A drug having a solubility larger than the critical value can reasonably be tested for dissolution rate in an acidic medium, and a drug having a solubility less than the critical value should be tested under neutral conditions after pretreatment in acidic conditions.

Diacetyl tartaric acid ester of diglyceride was directly extracted from dairy or nondairy coffee cream powder under acidic conditions with ethyl acetate; then the extract was saponified with methanolic potash. After acidification with HC1, free fatty acid was removed with ether and the reaction mixture was adsorbed on an anion exchange column. Tartaric acid was eluted with 2N HCl-acetone (1+1). An aliquot of the trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative of the eluate was injected into a gas chromatograph with flame ionization detection, and a 1.5% SE-30 column. Recoveries of diacetyl tartaric acid ester of diglyceride at 50, 200, and 2000 ppm were 85.6-99.5%.

Radioimmunoassay of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in human serum was carried out using guinea pig antibody against bovine parathyroid hormone and 125I labeled highly purified bovine PTH employing dextran-coated charcoal to separate the bound and free fraction. With the use of this method, PTH was detected in the serum of about 85% of 118 normal male and female subjects of various ages. PTH in serum was definitely elevated in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism but was undetectable or low in idiopathic and postoperative hypoparathyroidism. In 11 patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis with compression fracture, serum PTH was significantly higher than in age-matched controls. Serum PTH increased along with the progress in the severity of vertebral bone change in X-ray picture.

For the purpose of the simple and rapid determination of preservatives in foods, the combination method of the procedures of steam distillation and ultraviolet absorption spectra was studied.As the preservatives, five kinds of substances were taken up, namely benzoic acid (BA), p-hydroxybenzoic acid ester (PHBE), sorbic acid (SOA), dehydroacetic acid (DHA) and salicylic acid (SA).The steam distillation was done under the conditions of the addition of tartaric acid and magnesium sulfate or sodium chloride.The maximum wave lengths of each preservative in the aqueous solution at pH 2.0 were as follows:BA 230mμ, PHBE 255mμ, SOA 265mg, DHA 225mμ and 308mμ, SA 235mμ and 303mμ.In the case of the coexistence of the preservatives more than two kinds, the synthetic spectra of mixed preservatives are needed to be prepared previously.The interference by the scorch of the sample and the absorption appeared by the substances except preservatives were able to be almost excepted by the ether extraction of the distillate.

The gas chromatographic behaviours of dulcin were investigated. From the results it became clear that dulcin was decomposed in injection port at higher temperature than about 170°C where it could be vaporised, showing the appearance of the subsidiary peak which was identified to be p-phenetidine. The higher temperature of injection port, the more sharply appeared both peaks, and the subsidiary peak was increased.By on-column reaction with trifluoroacetic anhydride, the subsidiary peak shifted and the new peak of trifluoroacetophenetidine was observed. In case of the reaction with bis- (trimethylsilyl) -acetamide, the new peak of trimethylsilyl-p-phenetidine and two peaks of trimethylsilylated-dulcin appeared.

The effect of pH of the water upon the crabbing of woolen fabric was investigated. Woolen fabrics were immersed in the water of pH of 7-10.5 for 1 hr at 50°C, which were pressed under the pressures of 0.5-4 kg/cm2 at 100°C for 5-20 min. immediately after being taken out of the water. The pressing was given to a sheet or a pile of 6 fabrics.The lustre, Lr of these fabrics decreases, in general, to Lr′ when they are released for 10 or 20 min. in the steam of 100°C. This decrease of lustre is less the more effectively the fabric is set at the crabbing. So L′r/Lr was measured as an appraisal of the effectiveness of the crabbing and the following results were obtained.(1) The crabbing is most effective when pH of the water is 9.2, when Lr and L′r/Lr are largest.(2) At pH higher than 8, H2S smelled during the pressing and the samples coloured yellowish slightly, It is interesting to note this correspondency of the evolution of H2S and the effect of the crabbing from the standpoint of the mechanism of the chemical setting.

The disinfection method of fresh cabbages was investigated for providing with wholesome foods. 1. Chopped cabbage which was served at restaurants was polluted with Coli Group. 2. Even the 11th to 13th inner leaf of cabbages was contaminated bacteriologically. It was considered that cabbage itself had been already polluted before chopping. 3. Dipping in 20 to 30 ppm of NaClO Solution was fairly effective on disinfection of cabbage. 4. Vitamin C in cabbage was not affected by this treatment.