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The Authors have proposed to develop this research employing a preparation containing exclusively a cortisonic, the desametazone, in order to evaluate the alterations of the dentinogenesis to be attributed to such component. 32 cavities have been carefully drilled in dogs' cuspids. The 16 experimental cavities were dressed with desametazone, asbestos and amalgam in successive strata while in the 16 control cavities only asbestos and amalgam were used. Stainless steel bands were cemented on the processed teeth. The animals received 9 I.V. injections of tetracycline (10 mg per kg) each at 7 days interval. In the observation of the tetracycline markings under the experimental cavities (with desametazone) alterations of the dentinogenesis were not observed. Consequently, it seems that the action of desametazone is not to be considered harmful for the pulp tissue under the freshly cut dentine, as far as duration of the experiment is concerned.

The committee on Drugs of the American Academy of Pediatrics finds virtually no indications for administering tetracyclines to children less than 8 years old. This study analyzes tetracycline prescribing to ambulatory children less than 8 years of age in the Tennessee Medicaid program during a two-year period. Of the nearly 59,000 children in the study, 4,026 (7%) received 7,046 tetracycline prescriptions. Twenty-seven percent (527) of 1,947 participating physicians prescribed tetracycline; 26 physicians (5%) wrote 54% of the prescriptions for 45% of the children. Physicians in family practice prescribed the greatest quantity of tetracycline. Surgeons and internists prescribed more tetracycline to young children than did pediatricians. Rural location of practice was independently associated with increased tetracycline prescribing for all specialties. Recent graduates from medical school were less apt to prescribe tetracycline than were earlier graduates.

A trial comparing the efficacy of three different tetracyclines, each in two different dosage regimens, in the treatment of non-specific urethritis is described. There was a significant association between the retreatment rate and sexual intercourse. Age, race, duration of symptoms, previous infection, and indulgence in alcohol did not appear to influence the results whereas treatment of sexual contacts before resumption of sexual intercourse significantly reduced the retreatment rate. Single-dose treatment with doxycycline was shown to be ineffective. Treatment with doxycycline for seven days or triple tetracycline for seven days was less effective than triple tetracycline for 21 days or oxytetracyline for seven or 21 days, all of which gave the same success rate.

After evaluation of the clinical efficacy and the tolerance of lymecycline 2 x 300 mg/day in patients with subacute sinusitis, we may conclude that lymecycline can be considered a first choice antibioticum in the treatment of acute and subacute sinusitis (Tetralysal).

Tetracycline and its congeners demonstrate antimicrobial activity against bacteria, Chlamydiae and Toxoplasma gondii. Ophthalmologists can use these drugs to treat bacterial and chlamydial infections, and also for ocular rosacea and similar disorders. Side effects associated with systemic tetracycline use are most commonly related to the gastrointestinal tract and to signs of yeast superinfection. Minocycline use may be limited by its vestibular toxicity. Temporary growth retardation and staining of erupting teeth may occur with oral use of tetracycline in children under 8 years; these drugs should not be given in pregnancy or to young children. Topical tetracycline application yields good tear and aqueous humor concentrations.

High daily doses of tetracycline (in most instances 2,000 mg) were administered over periods of 3 to 33 months to 31 patients suffering from unusually severe, disfiguring, and treatment-resistant forms of acne (papulopustular, cystic, and conglobated). The acne cleared in 14 patients, improved greatly in 13, improved only insignificantly in 3, and failed to improve in 1. Side-effects occurred in 15 of the 31 patients but necessitated cessation of treatment in only three.

According to the results obtained in a recent clinical trial over a four-year period retinoic acid represents the most effective single agent available for the topical management of acne vulgaris. Retinoic acid yields impressive therapeutic results not only in patients with manifest acne, but, provided it is applied early enough, it is also effective in preventing the severe inflammatory manifestations of this disease. In medium to severe cases of inflammatory acne, topical retinoic acid therapy should be combined with a low-dose, long-term systemic tetracycline regimen. The course of treatment may extend over months or years, depending on the severity of the condition. Particularly patients in the acne-prone age group are candidates for long-term therapy. Retinoic acid therapy, alone or in combination with tetracyclines, proved far superior to conventional regimens with respect to the effective treatment and prophylaxis of acne.

After a brief review of the literature on the treatment of brucellosis the results obtained with a new protocol (Rifampicin + Minocycline for 20 days) are reported. The combination was well-tolerated and undeniably effective producing a 94% cure rate.

Minocycline administered to rabbits per os or intramuscularly (30 mg/kg) over a period of three days led neither to digestive problems nor mortality. Administration per os left the growth curve unchanged. Intramuscular administration reduced rate of growth, and on the 15th day weight loss compared to controls was 3.2% or 11.7% depending on whether the place of administration was in the back muscles or in the thigh, and this despite a normal food intake. Minocycline did not modify microbial flora and level of ammonia in the caecum. Level of acetic acid was reduced by 50% on the fourth and 15th day after intramuscular administration of minocycline into the thigh. The depressive effect of minocycline on growth remains unexplained.

The efficacy of a standard tetracycline, imidocarb and a new experimental long-acting tetracycline (T-200) in the treatment of anaplasmosis was examined in 5 groups of 9 nonsplenectomised, adult, 4-year-old, speyed cattle. The efficacy of T-200 was further examined using 9 splenectomised calves. One treatment of imidocarb (3.5 mg/kg) or T-200 (20 mg/kg) or 2 treatments (10 mg/kg) of a standard tetracycline were very effective in controlling the infection in the intact cattle. On inoculation of T-200 (20 mg/kg) controlled infection in 5 splenectomized calves, whereas all 4 untreated control calves died. T-200 did not sterilise either intact or splenectomised cattle.

In the course of treating twenty patients with acute urinary tract infections, the toxicity and efficacy of a small dosage regimen (50 mg p.o., t.i.d.) of minocycline were evaluated. No vestibular symptoms attributable to minocycline treatment were observed in any of the cases entered in this study. Adverse reactions included mild nausea in 1 case and urticaria in another case. Minocycline with this dosage regimen sterilized the urine of 90% of patients with acute urinary tract infections.

Twenty consecutive hospital patients who were to have periodontal surgery were assigned to one of two groups in a double blind clinical study. Ten were placed on tetracycline 250 mg, 6 times per day for 5 days. The other ten were given an identical appearing placebo 6 times per day for 5 days. The capsules were placed in a brown envelope so that neither the patient nor the periodontist knew which medication was being administered. The patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups and were evaluated subjectively and objectively on the 3rd day and the 7th day. Statistically there were no differences between the two groups. In both groups there was some inflammation on the 3rd day but on the 7th day, it had subsided. Tetracycline is not recommended for routine prophylactic use in periodontal surgery.

This report evaluates the role of local pharmacotherapy by subgingival irrigation to enhance clinical and microbiological periodontal status. This kind of chemical therapy is not a substitute to scaling and root planing, but possibly could increase its beneficial effects.

Minocycline prophylaxis was compared with a placebo in 126 consecutive patients undergoing hysterectomy. The double-blind nature of this study was guarded until the study was completed. Of 95 patients who had abdominal hysterectomies, 32.7% on minocycline and 39.1% on placebo developed infectious complications. Of 31 vaginal hysterectomy patients, 20% on minocycline and 37.5% on the placebo developed septic complications (p less than 0.05). Although minocycline inhibited B. fragilis and E. coli effectively, those organisms colonized increasingly during the postoperative period with similar frequency in both the minocycline- and placebo-treated groups. Minocycline did not produce antibiotic-resistant strains. In our study the parenteral and oral forms of minocycline were found to be safe, and vestibular symptoms were no more common than in the placebo group. These data suggest that antibiotic prophylaxis with minocycline is safe and well tolerated. In addition, minocycline is effective in lowering the infection rate in vaginal, but not abdominal, hysterectomies.

In the present studies, we had an opportunity to review the effects of minocycline intravenous instillation for the treatment of moderate disorder of renal functions. No accumulation of minocycline was observed in the repeated administration of this drug instilled intravenously up to 7 days in the patients with moderate disorder of the renal functions. Also, no particular abnormality was observed in the tests of the liver, kidney and hematology. For patients with moderate Ccr 30 approximately 60 ml/min, as entered into the present study, the usual dosage of minocycline intravenous instillation for less than 7 days would not cause adverse reaction on renal functions.

Student's test was used to show that the symptomatological improvement obtained with amoxycillin (Velamox, Zambelletti) in 64% of patients with dental infection was significantly greater (p 0.05) than the 28% improvement given by a tetracycline (Ambramicina P vitaminica, Lepetit) in another group. Attention is also drawn to the fact that all forms of medical management in such cases must be regarded as coadjuvant to the treatment given by the dentist.

In the course of a randomized, comparative, clinical study, 50 patients with acne vulgaris received systemic treatment with a single daily dose of 50 mg doxycycline or two daily doses of 50 mg minocycline. At the completion of the 12-week treatment, cure or improvement of acne was found in 78% of the patients in the doxycycline group compared to 82% in the minocycline group. The rate of unsatisfactory therapeutic results was 22% in the doxycycline group and 18% in the group of patients treated with minocycline. The results showed no significant difference between the clinical efficacy of treating acne vulgaris with doxycycline at a daily dose of 50 mg and 100 mg of minocycline daily, a fact which has already been demonstrated by earlier studies.

Among 26,294 hospitalized medical patients monitored by the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, 46% received at least one intramuscular (IM) injection. Drugs for which IM injection was the route of administration in more than 80% of all exposures included penicillin G procaine, mercurial diuretics, cyanocobalamin, streptomycin sulfate, colistimethate sodium, meperidine hydrochloride, cephaloridine, scopolamine hydrobromide, kanamycin sulfate, and iron dextran injection. Local complications of IM injection were reported in a total of only 48 patients (0.4% of all IM recipients). Local complications were most commonly associated with IM injection of cephalothin sodium. Clinically important local complications are uncommonly associated with IM injections in general. However, certain drugs, eg, cephalothin, produce injection-site complications with relatively high frequency; the clinical role of IM injection of such drugs should be reevaluated.

The current methods of treating and reporting non-specific genital infection (NSGI) are described. The most commonly used drug was tetracycline in one or other form. Epidemiological treatment was widely used, particularly for female sexual contacts. There was considerable variation in the reporting criteria for the quarterly returns. The establishment of acceptable and uniform criteria for notification of NSGI is discussed.

The mode of action, bacterial resistance, in vitro activity, pharmacology, dosage, adverse reactions, interactions and indications for tetracyclines are reviewed. Suggestions for the selection of a particular tetracycline are provided. It is concluded that there is only one pertinent difference among the tetracyclines, namely, that doxycycline, and probably minocycline, can be given in full dosage and with minimal risk to patients with renal impairment.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new system of drug delivery to periodontal pocket by means of intracanal dressing and additional iontophoresis in vitro. Forty extracted human teeth with a single root were used. After the root canal was prepared endodontically, the periphery root apex was painted with the Silux system (3 M Co.) to close the apical foramen. Each tooth was planted into an agar block. Three drugs (zinc iodide-iodine, penicillin G. potassium, minocycline HCl) were used (Table 1), and 50 microliters of each drug was injected into an individual root canal. Then a cathodic current (3 mA x 40 min) was applied using an automatic current volte regulater (PAV-200, Jooko Co.) with a platinum wire electrode inserted in the root canal (Fig. 1). The degree of drugs diffusion in the agar around teeth was estimated by individual color reactions zinc iodide-iodin test for starch, penicillin G. potassium test for phosphomolybdic acid, minocycline HCl test for ferric chloride). And also, the effects of root planing and etching by Quick Jet (Yosida Co.) on the root surface were evaluated in the same way. The results were as follow: 1. The degree of diffusion by intracanal electrical medication was greater in the cervical third area than the middle and apical third. 2. Several small areas stained by the iodo-starch color reaction were observed around the cervical root surface where greater diffusion was observed. 3. Many dentinal tubules were observed on a limited root surface where root planing and Quick Jet, were employed caused greater diffusion. 4. The results suggest the new delivery system for management of the microorganisms by intracanal medication and additional iontophoresis.

In a series of experiments, Golub et al. demonstrated that tetracyclines, but not other antibiotics, can inhibit mammalian collagenases and proposed that this property could be useful in treating diseases, such as periodontal disease (but also included certain medical conditions, e.g., corneal ulcers) characterized by excessive collagen degradation (J Periodont Res 1983, 1984 and 1985; Experientia 1984; Cornea 1984). One effect was the dramatic reduction of tissue collagenase activity within the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontal pockets after administering a standard regimen of a tetracycline (e.g., 200 mg minocycline or 1000 mg tetracycline/day). The preliminary studies described below determined the effect of (1) low-dose (LD; 40-80 mg/day) orally administered minocycline on GCF collagenase activity and on the subgingival microflora (Exp. I), and (2) tetracycline-loaded monolithic fibers (TF) on collagenase activity in vitro (Exp. II). In Exp. I, GCF collagenase activity was reduced by 45 to 80% 2 weeks after initiating LD minocycline therapy, an effect that lasted for at least several weeks after stopping drug treatment. No consistent change in the relative proportions of G(+), G(-) and motile subgingival microorganisms was detected as a result of LD treatment suggesting that the reduction in GCF collagenase activity was a direct inhibition of the enzyme by the drug. In Exp. II, 3- and 6-mm lengths of TF in vitro established tetracycline concentrations in 250 microliters of 132 micrograms/ml, from 3-mm lengths, and 265 micrograms/ml, from 6-mm lengths, after an 18-hour incubation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

A prospective study was undertaken to determine whether feeding farm animals antibiotics in feed caused changes in the intestinal bacterial flora of farm dwellers and their neighbors. Chickens were fed tetracycline-supplemented feed (tet-feed), and, as expected, within one week their intestinal flora contained almost entirely tetracycline-resistant organisms. Increased numbers of resistant intestinal bacteria also appeared, but more slowly, in farm members, but not their neighbors. Within five and six months, 31.3 per cent of weekly fecal samples from farm dwellers contained greater than 80 per cent tetracycline-resistant bacteria as compared to 6.8 per cent of the samples from the neighbors (P less than 0.001). Seven of the 11 farm members, but only three of the 24 neighbors, had two or more fecal samples containing greater than 80 per cent tetracycline-resistant coliforms (P less than 0.01). These resistant bacteria contained transferable plasmids conferring multiple antibiotic resistances. Selective pressure by tet-feed for antibiotic-resistant bacteria in chickens extends to human beings in contact with chickens and the feed.