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The effect of tube diameter on two-phase frictional pressure drop was investigated in circular tubes with inner diameters of 0.6, 1.2, 1.7, 2.6 and 3.4. mm using air and water. The gas and liquid superficial velocity ranges were 0.01-50. m/s and 0.01-3. m/s, respectively. The gas and liquid flow rates were measured and the two-phase flow pattern images were recorded using high-speed CMOS camera. Unique flow patterns were observed for smaller tube diameters. Pressure drop was measured and compared with various existing models such as homogeneous model and Lockhart-Martinelli model. It appears that the dominant effect of surface tension shrinking the flow stratification in the annular regime is important. It was found that existing models are inadequate in predicting the pressure drop for all the flow regimes visualized. Based on the analysis of present experimental frictional pressure drop data a correlation is proposed for predicting Chisholm parameter " C" in slug annular flow pattern. For all other flow regimes Chisholm's original correlation appears to be adequate except the bubbly flow regime where homogeneous model works well. The modification results in overall mean deviation of pressure drop within 25% for all tube diameters considered. This approach of flow regime based modification of liquid gas interaction parameter appears to be the key to pressure drop prediction in narrow tubes. � 2010 Elsevier Inc.

The technology for in-plane poly-Si thermopiles has been developed. The bulkmicromachined thermopiles are located between two Si bars and connected thermally with those bars through thin-film thermal shunts. The patterned strips of thermocouple material together with thermal shunts form bridges between Si bars. Two versions of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) with micromachined thermopiles have been assembled and tested on a person's wrist, and when integrated in a T-shirt. The TEG still produces less than 1 μW in the office, but at ambient temperatures below 11-13 °C it produces more than 1 μW at a voltage of more than 2 V on the matched load. The new way of integration of wearable TEG in clothing is shown. The TEG is located under the textile, and the fabric is used as a flexible radiator. © 2011 IFSA.

The effect of tube diameter on two-phase flow patterns was investigated in circular tubes with inner diameters of 0.6, 1.2, 1.7, 2.6, and 3.4 mm using air and water. The gas and liquid superficial velocity ranges were 0.01–50 and 0.01–3 m/s, respectively. The gas and liquid flow rates were measured and the two-phase flow pattern images were recorded using high-speed CMOS camera. The flow patterns observed were dispersed bubbly, bubbly, slug, slug-annular, wavy-annular, stratified, and annular flows. These flow patterns were not observed in all the test diameters, but were found to be unique to particular tube diameters, confirming the effect of tube diameter on the flow pattern. The data obtained were compared to existing experimental data and flow regime transition maps which show generally reasonable overall agreement at the larger diameters, but significant differences were observed with the smaller diameter tubes. On a analyse l'effet du diametre des tubes dans des modeles d'ecoulement biphase dans des tubes circulaires avec des diametres internes de 0,6, 1,2, 1,7, 2,6 et 3,4 mm en utilisant de l'air et de l'eau. Les ecarts de vitesse superficielle de gaz et de liquide etaient de 0,01–50 m/s et 0,01–3 m/s respectivement. Les debits de gaz et de liquide ont ete mesures et les images des modeles d'ecoulement biphase ont ete enregistrees a l'aide d'un appareil photo CMOS haute vitesse. Les modeles d'ecoulement observes etaient l'ecoulement a bulles, a bulles, en piston, en piston annulaire, ondule annulaire, stratifie et annulaire. Ces modeles d'ecoulement n'ont pas ete observes dans tous les parametres d'essai, mais on a constate qu'ils etaient uniques aux diametres de tubes particuliers, ce qui confirme l'effet du diametre des tubes sur le modele d'ecoulement. Les donnees obtenues ont ete comparees aux donnees experimentales existantes et aux cartes de transition des regimes d'ecoulement qui demontrent un accord global raisonnable de facon generale aux parametres plus grands, mais des differences importantes ont ete observees dans les tubes aux diametres plus petits.

This paper describes the characterization method and results for bulk- micromachined in-plane thermopiles. Made of poly-Si or poly-SiGe, the thermocouple legs bridge the hot and cold side of a Si frame, which is formed by bulk micromachining. The characterization of the fabricated devices is carried out on a dedicated experimental setup, using which a uniform temperature difference can be imposed on all the thermocouples. Among design variations, the open-circuit output voltage reaches up to 95.0 mV/K and the corresponding output power on a matched external load is 2.34 × 10-3 μW/K2. Two possible assembly schemes towards a fully fledged thermoelectric generator are illustrated as well. In the case of vertical assembly, the efficiency factor is expected to be 1.73 × 10-2 μW/K2/cm2. © 2010 TMS.

The danger of the formation of flakes has been considered from the position of the estimation of the maximum pressure of gaseous hydrogen in micropores of the alloy, whose magnitude is substantially affected by the solubility of hydrogen at P = 1 atm. The hydrogen solubility can be increased sharply by the introduction of additions of elements which strongly interact with hydrogen. In our article this effect is examined based on the example of additions of palladium to steel, which has for the first time been experimentally studied by Arkharov. A statistical model of a ternary alloy with strongly interacting substitutional and interstitial atoms has been developed. An equation of hydrogen solubility has been derived, which contains, besides the concentration of substitutional atoms, a single energy parameter ε equal to the difference in the energies of interaction of Pd-H and Fe-H pairs. A comparison of the theoretical expression for the solubility with the experimental data made it possible to determine that ε = -22.5 kJ/mol. A specific feature of hydrogen solubility in Fe-Pd alloys consists in the fact that the reduction in the solubility below 400 K, which is common for iron and steels, is changed by a solubility increase caused by the accumulation of hydrogen atoms near palladium atoms (acting as traps), which is the main factor responsible for an increase in the hydrogen solubility and a sharp decrease in the hydrogen pressure in micropores. © 2009 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

Mesoporous silica particles with various morphologies and structures have been synthesized by controlling the solubility, micellization, and assembly of a charged surfactant (cethyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) and a pluronic (PEO20PPO70PEO20, P123) couple using an organic (benzene) or an inorganic (SO4 2-, NO3 -, or Cl-) additive. The effect of CTAB, with or without one of the Hofmeister ions or benzene in various concentrations, on the morphology, pore-size, pore-structure and the nature of the silica particles has been investigated. Increasing the lyotropic anion (SO4 2-) or benzene concentration of the synthesis media creates wormlike particles with enlarged pores and reduced wall thickness. However, the hydrotropic anion (NO3 -) influenced the solubility of the charged surfactant and increased the CTAB concentration in the CTAB-P123 micelles, and as a result, in the mesoporous silica particles. The surface area, unit cell, and pore size of the silica particles are diminished by increasing the nitrate ion centration. The effects of the Cl- ion are between the SO4 2- and NO3 -ions. It influenced the P123 at low and CTAB at high concentrations. At low CTAB/ P123 mol ratios, the Cl- ion affects mainly the P123, but at high CTAB/P123 it affects both the CTAB and P123. By carefully adjusting these ingredients (CTAB, SO4 2-, Cl-, NO3 - and benzene), not only the morphology of the particles, but also the pore-size and pore-structure of the mesoporous silica particles could be adjusted. The investigations were carried out by preparing a series of powder samples and, by varying the CTAB/P123 mol ratio (between 3.0 and 6.0) and the concentration of the organic (0.17 to 0.90 M) or inorganic (at 0.25, 0.50, or 1.00 M) additive in the synthesis media. The powder samples were analyzed using microscopy (SEM, TEM, and POM), diffraction (PXRD), and spectroscopy (FTIR, Raman, UV-vis, and EDS) techniques toward above goals. © 2009 American Chemical Society.

Článek se zabývá korelací výsledků získaných při výzkumu skelných systémů CdXxAs2. Je zdůrazněno, že CdAs2 má unikátní pozici mezi dalšími di-arsenidy a to především díky velmi krátké vzdálenosti As-As. Byla nalezena korelace mezi regiony formování skla v ternárním systému Cd-X-As a symetrií a stabilitou odpovídajících krystalických fází, které lze separovat z taveniny při rovnovážném chlazení. Ukazuje se, že příměsi podporující formování skla (Ge a Si) vstupují do skelné sítě CdAs2 různě z Ti a Sb. Tyto závěry jsou v souladu s experimenty. Tato práce neuvádí nová experimentální data, nabízí ale jakousi kostru pro analýzu a interpretaci dříve získaných experimentálních dat. An attempt is made to correlate some results obtained during the investigation of glasses of CdXxAs2 systems. It is pointed out that CdAs2 has a unique position among the other di-arsenides because of the very short As–As distance. A correlation was found between the region of glass-formation in the Cd–X–As ternary system and the symmetry and stability of the corresponding crystalline phases that can be separated from the melt under equilibrium cooling. There are indications, that admixtures favouring glass-formation (Ge and Si) enter the glassy network of CdAs2 differently from Tl and Sb. These conclusions are in agreement with the physical measurements. The work does not actually present new experimental data, but builds a framework for analysing and explaining previously published data.

Introduction: Cyclodextrins (CD), are known to form inclusion complexes with a variety of guest molecules both in solution and in the solid state. This can lead to the alteration of properties of guest molecules. Unfortunately, the complexation efficiency of CD is rather low, and can be enhanced by formation of ternary complexes using aminoacids (AA). Sulfadiazine (SDZ) is an antibiotic with extremely low water solubility which limits its therapeutic applications and bioavailability. Objetives: The aim of this work was to increase the aqueous solubility of SDZ by preparing ternary complexes of this drug with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and an AA as a third auxiliary substance. Materials y Methods: Complex formation was studied by phase solubility analysis (PSA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The apparent stability constants (K C) of the multicomponent complexes were calculated from the solubility diagrams. By the analysis of the NMR spectra, it could be said that the shifts of some protons evidenced the important role of the AA in the formation of multicomponent complexes. Among the AA, Arginine (ARG) proved to have better solubilizing properties for SDZ, reaching an improvement up to 70 times. The use of DSC, TG and SEM suggested the formation of new solid phases between SDZ:βCD:AA. Conclusions: As a result of this research, it was determined that ternary products were more effective in improving drug solubility than the corresponding SDZ:βCD binary system.

The results of the phase relations near ternary eutectic point in the Ag-In-Sb system are investigated in this paper. Phase equilibrium calculation was done using Thermocalc software and experimental DTA results for the chosen alloys in the isopleths with molar ration of In:Sb = 7:3; 9:1 and 1:1. The structural characteristics of these alloys have been investigated using light optic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, while hardness measurements have also been done. Solidification path for three ternary alloys located on three different investigated isopleths was calculated using Pandat software.

Phase diagrams of ternary blends of poly(phenylene ether) (PPE, M n = 1.2 and 12 kg mol-1), polystyrene (PS, Mn = 22.5 kg mol-1), and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) were experimentally obtained in an extended range of temperatures and fitted with the Flory-Huggins model using three binary interaction parameters. A significant increase in miscibility together with the appearance of an immiscibility loop was found for PPEs with Mn values comprised in the range between 1 and 10 kg mol-1. This enables us to obtain initial homogeneous solutions in regions of high DGEBA concentrations, a possibility that was not previously reported for this ternary blend. This opens new possibilities for the toughening of epoxies replacing a single thermoplastic with a thermoplastic blend where both components (PS and PPE) are completely miscible. Fil: Soulé, Ezequiel Rodolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentina Fil: Fine, T.. Institut National des Sciences Applique´s de Lyon; Francia Fil: Borrajo Fernandez, Julio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentina Fil: Williams, Roberto Juan Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentina Fil: Pascault, J.P.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentina

International audience; Letter to the editor : The hydride CeNiInH1.8(1) has been studied by magnetization measurements. It exhibits a ferromagnetic behaviour below TC = 6.8(2) K. In other words, the insertion of hydrogen in CeNiIn induces a cerium valence transition from intermediate valence to the trivalent state.

International audience; The influence of acetate on U(VI) sorption on silica from aqueous solutions was studied at pH 2–7 by complementary experimental methods of macroscopic measurement, spectroscopic investigation and thermodynamic calculation. Sorption percentage of U(VI) in the absence and in the presence of different acetate concentrations was determined by batch sorption procedures. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infra-red spec-troscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to elucidate the mechanisms of uranyl sorption on silica in the presence of acetate, by investigating, in-situ, the changes in the U(VI) sorption on silica surface in presence of ligand: the absorption bands of carboxylate ν(COO) in the range 1300–1700 cm −1 and those around 850–950 cm −1 of uranyl species νas(UO 2) are followed. The decrease of U(VI) sorption with increasing acetate concentration was observed. Sorption of U(VI)-acetate (U-Ac) species on silica surface was demonstrated for the first time. ATR-FTIR investigations clearly evidenced the absorption bands characteristic of sorbed U-Ac complexes both from the acetate and uranyl spectral regions those the wavenumbers correspond to sorbed species. No sequence effect of acetate and uranyl on the sorption on silica in ternary systems U(VI)-acetate-silica was observed from the sorption data. From the ATR-FTIR investigations, we can induce that the sorption of U-Ac leads to chemical equilibria and makes possible the modeling of sorption isotherms by surface complexation models. The related thermodynamic constants were modeled using CCM surface complexation modeling.

Three's company: The first genuine ternary colloidal crystal (see picture) is composed of PbSe nanocrystals of two different diameters (blue and green) and of CdSe nanocrystals (red). Electron tomography shows that the superlattice is isostructural with the atomic lattice AIMgB4.

The results of the determination of the thermodynamic properties for ternary systems Cr.Co.Me (Me = Mo, Al) using a new general solution model for the predictions are presented in this work. For five sections (with mole ratio Co :Me = 2:8, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4, 8:2) investigated in each ternary system at temperature of 2000 K, integral molar excess Gibbs energies and partial molar thermodynamic properties of chromium were calculated.

An extension of Barker's method to ternary systems is briefly outlined. Expressions for the standard deviations of the excess molar Gibbs free energy and the equilibrium pressure as functions of composition are obtained. These expressions are applied to accurate experimental data for the cryogenic (liquid) mixture CH3F+N2O+Xe recently measured in our laboratory. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TG2-3VGSGDR-4/1/e3c29abb1f0602ee677ab2a9887b8eee

The (0.90-x)Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-xPbTiO 3-0.10PbZrO3 (PINTZ10) ceramics are prepared by solid state reaction and their structural, dielectric and piezoelectric properties near morphotrophic phase boundary (MPB) has been examined systematically. The structure undergoes a gradual change from rhombohedral to tetragonal when the PbTiO3 content (x) is increased. From the frequency and temperature dependent dielectric measurement it is found that the dielectric relaxation (?T) decreases with Ti4+ substitution. Even though the MPB of this ternary system is formed with lower PT content (0.62PIN-0.28PT-0.10PZ), the substitution of Zr4+ in the B site maintains the transition temperature (Tm) at 300 C resembling its binary, 0.67PIN-0.37PT. The higher saturation polarization obtained for x = 0.27 and the high piezoelectric co-efficient obtained for x = 0.29 substantiate the existence of MPB between these two compositions. � 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

This paper reports the synthesis of amorphous polymer electrolytes. Polymer-salt complexes in the ternary system were prepared by mixing two polymers, namely poly(oxyethylene) and poly(oxypropylene glycol), with sodium iodide. This three component system is represented on a ternary pseudophase diagram. The ternary compositions are completely amorphous in a certain composition range and the composition POE-12%POPG-NaI with O/Na = 10 exhibited record high conductivity of 2 x 10(-4) (Ohm cm)(-1) at ambient temperature. Formation of the amorphous electrolyte and the enhanced miscibility of the polymers were analysed using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and ionic conductivity studies. The cation was found to play a major role in enhancing the miscibility of the polymers.

SU - BUTİRİK ASİT - ÇÖZÜCÜ ÜÇLÜ SİSTEMLERİNİN SIVI-SIVI DENGELERİKarboksilli asitler endüstride yaygın kullanım alanlarına sahiptir. Fermentasyonla üretimi esnasında sulu fermentasyon ortamından ayrılması işleminin ekonomik bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmesi önem arz etmektedir.Sıvı - sıvı ekstraksiyonu karboksilli asitlerin sulu çözeltilerinden ayrılmasında kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Bu yönteme ait bir ayırma prosesinin dizayn edilebilmesi için ayrılacak karışıma ait denge verilerinin bilinmesi gereklidir.Bu çalışmada karboksilli asit olarak butirik asit incelenmiş ve çözücü olarak da metil etil keton, butil asetat ve fenil asetat kullanılmıştır.Su ? Butirik Asit ? Çözücü (metil etil keton, butil asetat, fenil asetat) üçlü sistemlerinin 298.2 K, 308.2 K ve 318.2 K'deki sıvı-sıvı faz dengeleri incelenmiştir. Herbir sisteme ait çözünürlük eğrisi ve bağlantı doğrusu verileri deneysel olarak tespit edilmiştir. Deneysel verilerden yararlanarak dağılma katsayısı ve ayırma faktörü değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Deneysel verilerin güvenilirliği Othmer-Tobias, Bachman, Hand ve Bancroft korelasyonları uygulanarak test edilmiştir. LIQUID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA OF WATER-BUTYRIC ACID-SOLVENT TERNARY SYSTEMSCarboxylic acids have a widespread use in industry. During the production of carboxylic acids by the fermentation process the separation of acids from the aqueous fermentation media is economically in great importance.Liquid-liquid extraction is a process used to separate carboxylic acids from their aqueous solutions. Equilibrium data relating to these systems are required to design an extraction process.In this study, butyric acid was examined as carboxylic acid and methyl ethyl ketone, butyl acetate and phenyl acetate were used as solvent.Liquid-liquid phase equilibrium of Water - Butyric Acid ? Solvent (methyl ethyl ketone, butyl acetate, phenyl acetate) ternary systems were examined at 298.2 K, 308.2 K and 318.2 K. Solubility curves and tie-line data of each systems were determined experimentally. Distribution coefficients and separation factor values were calculated from experimental data. The reliability of experimental tie-line data were ascertained by using Othmer-Tobias, Bachman, Hand and Bancroft correlations. 90

International audience; Accurate knowledge of the compositions of the equilibrium phases in the systems containing gas hydrates is essential for many hydrate-based separation processes. Unfortunately, there are limited sets of such experimental data available in the literature partly due to the difficulties in measurements of the compositions of the phases in equilibrium with gas hydrate. Consequently, satisfactory accuracy of the measurements may not be obvious. Therefore, reliability of the corresponding data should be checked prior to their further applications. In this article, we present a thermodynamic assessment test (consistency test) based on the area test approach for the experimental compositional data of vapor phase in equilibrium with gas hydrate + liquid water for the carbon dioxide + methane or nitrogen + water system. The van der Waals and Platteeuw (vdW-P) solid solution theory is used to model the hydrate phase, and the Valderrama-Patel-Teja equation of state (VPT-EoS) along with the nondensity dependent (NDD) mixing rule is applied to deal with the fluid phases. The results show that only one of the studied experimental data sets seems to be thermodynamically consistent, and the rest of the data seem to be either not fully consistent or inconsistent.

Bu çalışmada izotermik yöntemle CuSO4-CuCl2-H2O sisteminin 0oC ve 25oC'de çözünürlük, yoğunluk, viskozite, tuzluluk ve iletkenlik özellikleri araştırılmıştır.CuSO4-CuCl2-H2O üçlü sisteminin ötonik nokta bileşimleri 25oC'de % 2,60 CuSO4, % 42,12 CuCl2 ve % 55,25 H2O'dur.Katı fazda, sıvı faz ile CuCl2.2H2O ve CuSO4.5H2O kristal hidratları dengede bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca sıvı fazın ötonik noktasında yoğunluk: 1590 kg/m3, viskozite: 7,25 N.S.103/m2, elektrik iletkenliği: 912 µS/cm ve tuzluluğu: 510 g/kg olarak ölçülmüştür.CuSO4-CuCl2-H2O üçlü sisteminin ötonik nokta bileşimleri 0oC'de % 0,28 CuSO4, % 39,05 CuCl2 ve % 60,67 H2O'dur.Katı fazda, sıvı faz ile CuCl2.2H2O ve CuSO4.5H2O kristal hidratları dengede bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca sıvı fazın ötonik noktasında yoğunluk: 1440 kg/m3, viskozite: 8,63 N.S.103/m2, elektrik iletkenliği: 905 µS/cm ve tuzluluğu: 480 g/kg olarak ölçülmüştür.Anahtar Kelimeler: Su-Tuz Sistemi, Üçlü Sistemler, Çözünürlük, Ötonik Nokta, Faz Dengeleri. In this study, the solubility, density, viscosity, conductivity, salinity and phases equilibrium of CuSO4-CuCl2-H2O system was investigated using the isothermal method at 25oC and 0oC degrees.The invariant point of CuSO4-CuCl2-H2O ternary system at 25 oC is analysed as 2,60 % mass CuSO4, 42,12 % mass CuCl2 and 55,25 % mass H2O.It is determined that CuCl2.2H2O and CuSO4.5H2O crystal hydrates are in equilibrium with liquid phase, the density of invariant point is 1590 kg/m3, the viscosity is 7,25 N.S.103/m2, electrical conductivity is 912 µS/cm and salinity is 510 g/Kg.The invariant point of CuSO4-CuCl2-H2O ternary system at 0 oC is analysed as 0,28 % mass CuSO4, 39,05 % mass CuCl2 and 60,67 % mass H2O.It is determined that CuCl2.2H2O and CuSO4.5H2O crystal hydrates are in equilibrium with liquid phase, the density of invariant point is 1440 kg/m3, the viscosity is 8,63 N.S.103/m2, electrical conductivity is 905 µS/cm and salinity is 480 g/Kg.Keywords: Ternary Systems, Solubility, İnvariant Point, Phase Equilibrium. 88

Recent new results of a continuing project dealing with phase equilibria in mixtures belonging to distinct families of organic compounds are reported in this presentation. Vapour–liquid equilibria were determined isothermally for binary subsystems and ternary systems containing alcohol, hydrocarbon, ether or ketone, namely in the systems 2, 3-dimethylbutane + diisopropyl ether + methylisopropylketone (at 313.15, 323.15, 333.15 K), and in the isopropylalcohol + 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentane + 2, 4-dimethyl-3-pentanone (at 330, 340 K). All components involved have a common alkyl group [isopropyl (CH3)2CH–], hydroxyl group OH–, ether group –O–, and carbonyl group =C=O. The complete thermodynamic data (x–y–P–T) were determined at several isotherms. No azeotropic behaviour has been found except for isopropanol + 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentane system. The data reduction has been carried by the programme based on the maximum likelihood procedure1 which was modified by Pavlíček2. This new robust algorithm makes it possible to correlate vapour–liquid equilibrium isotherms or isobars together resulting in one set of universal parameters valid in the experimental pressure and temperature range. It can be applied to any correlation equation with temperature independent parameters such as e. g. the Wilson or NRTL equation. Averaged standard deviations for all systems are 0.015, 0.010, 0.03 kPA, and 0.11 K for liquid phase composition (mole fraction), vapour phase composition (mole fraction), pressure and temperature, respectively. The experimental ternary data were compared with the data predicted using binary parameters with very good results. It should be pointed out that predictions need not necessarily reflect the quality of data, because the imperfections of models also contribute to a certain worsening of calculated values. References 1. E. Hála, K. Aim, T. Boublík, J. Linek and I. Wichterle, Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium at Normal and Reduced Pressures (in Czech). Academia, Prague, 1982. 2. J. Pavlíček and I. Wichterle, Fluid Phase Equilibr. 2007, 260, 70–73.

The sorption of humic acid (HA) and HA size fractions onto magnetite has been studied. There is considerable irreversibility in the interaction of the humic with the magnetite surface, but the presence of Eu3+ ions has no effect on the sorption of humic onto magnetite. The magnitude of the sorption to magnetite increases with HA fraction size for all ionic strengths between 0.01 and 3 mol dm-3. Increasing ionic strength also increases sorption. Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation analysis of HA sorption to magnetite after 1 day revealed preferential sorption of lower molecular weight material. Eu3+ sorption onto magnetite was studied as a function of Eu concentration, which showed an increase in relative sorption as Eu concentration decreased. The behaviour of Eu3+ in ternary (HA/Eu3+/magnetite) systems is heavily influenced by HA, and from the data there is direct evidence for ternary complex formation. Larger HA size fractions retain more Eu3+ in solution than the smaller fractions. The binding strengths of HA size fractions were determined through ion exchange resin experiments: generally the larger fractions (> 10 kDa) showed stronger binding than the smaller components, but the unfractionated sample showed the strongest binding.First order dissociation rate constants have been determined for the whole HA and HA size fractions. The dissociation rate constants are independent of HA fraction size, but the larger species bind more Eu non-exchangeably. Time series ultrafiltration of Eu3+/whole humic mixtures has shown a shift in the distribution of metal ions to larger size fractions after a few days.Two ternary system kinetic speciation models have been developed to predict the behaviour of HA and Eu3+ in ternary systems. The two differ in their description of the multi-component behaviour of the binary HA-mineral interaction. The first assumes a single HA species and two surface binding sites and was found to perform better overall than the second, which has a single surface sorption site and two HA species in solution. The exchangeable binding strengths for the different HA samples calculated from both models showed similarities to those measured experimentally.

The vanadate NaMn4(VO4)3 was obtained as darkbrown crystals as a side-product during the crystallization of the oxygen-deficient perovskite Na3MnV2O7.5 in an NaCl/KCl flux. NaMn4(VO4)3 crystallizes with the tetragonal (Mg1/2□1/2)Mg4(AsO4)3 type, space group I 4̄2d. The structure was refined from single-crystal diffractometer data: a = 7.0238(2), c = 19.8360(9) Å , R(F) = 0.013, wR(F2) = 0.033, 853 F2 values, and 49 variables. The NaMn4(VO4)3 structure is built up of different sheets stacked perpendicular to the c axis. Na, Mn and V atoms are located in dodecahedra, octahedra and tetrahedra, respectively.

In this study, Co doped TlGaS2 single crystals which belongs to the class of A(III)B(III)X(2)(VI) have been investigated by means of XRD, temperature dependent dark and illuminated conductivity, Space Charge Limited Currents and absorption measurements. The room temperature conductivity and trap concentration values were about 10(-8) (Omega-cm)(-1) and 7.5x10(13) cm(-3), respectively. From the temperature dependent conductivity measurements, two activation energies namely 271 and 12 meV have been determined in the high and low temperature regions, respectively. The trap level at 271 meV that was determined by the dark temperature dependent conductivity measurement has also been verified by Space Charge Limited Currents analysis. The absorption measurements have showed that the layered compound had indirect and direct band gaps and the values were determined to be 2.49 and 2.56 eV, respectively. (C) 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

This paper describes the characterization method and results for bulk- micromachined in-plane thermopiles. Made of poly-Si or poly-SiGe, the thermocouple legs bridge the hot and cold side of a Si frame, which is formed by bulk micromachining. The characterization of the fabricated devices is carried out on a dedicated experimental setup, using which a uniform temperature difference can be imposed on all the thermocouples. Among design variations, the open-circuit output voltage reaches up to 95.0 mV/K and the corresponding output power on a matched external load is 2.34 × 10-3 μW/K2. Two possible assembly schemes towards a fully fledged thermoelectric generator are illustrated as well. In the case of vertical assembly, the efficiency factor is expected to be 1.73 × 10-2 μW/K2/cm2. © 2010 TMS.

International audience; Hydrogen absorption of the CeFeSi- and CeScSi-type forms of GdTiGe was performed. Before hydrogenation they show an antiferromagnetic transition at around 412 K and a ferromagnetic transition at 376 K, respectively. Hydrogenation of both forms leads to formation of the same hydride GdTiGeH which crystallizes with a filled CeScSi-type structure where all the [Gd(4)] tetrahedra are filled by hydrogen. This hydride is paramagnetic in the temperature range 4-300 K. The slightly negative value of the paramagnetic Curie temperature θ(p) confirms that all ferromagnetic interactions were destroyed in the case of the CeScSi-type form. From first-principles calculations with the PAW GGA methodology, the localization of hydrogen within the [Gd(4)] tetrahedra was confirmed through energetic stabilization. It was also seen that the energy changes significantly with volume, indicating the itinerant (delocalized) role of the electrons in the magnetism.

The ternary solid dispersion systems of poorly water soluble olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) were prepared by conventional kneading method in order to improve its physicochemical performance. A 32 full factorial design approach was employed to optimize influence of concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP) and poloxamer 407 (PLX) on physicochemical characteristics of these dispersions. All formulations were characterized by XRPD, DSC and dissolution studies. Physical studies revealed complete loss of crystallinity and formation of uniform molecular dispersion of OLM in its ternary systems. All dispersion systems showed significant improvement in dissolution profile in comparison to pure drug alone (p < 0.001). The optimized formulation provided superior solubility and dissolution behaviour (F1; DP2 : 68.43 ± 2.8 %) of OLM suggesting optimum ratio of carrier system. The kinetic study of dissolution displayed to follow the Korsmeyer-Peppas model (r2 = 0.9835)., Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires

The technology for in-plane poly-Si thermopiles has been developed. The bulkmicromachined thermopiles are located between two Si bars and connected thermally with those bars through thin-film thermal shunts. The patterned strips of thermocouple material together with thermal shunts form bridges between Si bars. Two versions of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) with micromachined thermopiles have been assembled and tested on a person's wrist, and when integrated in a T-shirt. The TEG still produces less than 1 μW in the office, but at ambient temperatures below 11-13 °C it produces more than 1 μW at a voltage of more than 2 V on the matched load. The new way of integration of wearable TEG in clothing is shown. The TEG is located under the textile, and the fabric is used as a flexible radiator. © 2011 IFSA.

International audience; Cu2SnS3 thin film have been synthesized by solid state reaction under vapour sulphur pressure at 530°C, during 6h, via a sequentially deposited copper and tin layers Cu/Sn/Cu…Sn/Cu/Sn. The structure and the composition were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA). X-ray diffraction revealed that as the deposited film crystallizes in the cubic structure and the crystallites exhibit preferential 111 orientation of the grains. Moreover, EPMA analysis confirmed that the obtained film is stoichiometric. The SEM study shows the presence of spherical particles of ≈100–120nm diameters. The optical absorption coefficient and band gap of the film were estimated by means of transmission and reflection optical measurements at room temperature. A relatively high absorption coefficient in the range of 104cm−1 was indeed obtained and the band gap value is of the order of 1.1eV. On the other hand, the electrical conductivity of Cu2SnS3 film prepared in the present experiment is suitable for fabricating a thin film solar cell based on not cheaper and environmental friendly material.