Search

In in-phase self-twist yarn there exists an obviously weak twist area between the twisted and no twisted zones. Therefore, during the self-twist spinning process, different distances from the two strands to the convergence point is adopted to produce a certain phase difference to improve the yarn strength. There are two methods used for calculating the twist distribution function of self-twist yarn: 1. using the difference in distance c, and 2. using the twist distribution function of strands A and B, respectively. Then the average twist over a half cycle length is calculated by the twist distribution functions from the two methods mentioned above. Comparing the calculation value from the two methods with actual test twists for the half cycle length, the result shows that the calculation value from method 2 is closer to the values measured, namely the twist distribution function derived from that of strands A and B, respectively. The twist unevenness of self-twist yarn is calculated by the twist distribution function from method 2. The twist unevenness of yarn 1 is the highest. That of yarns 2 and 3 decreases in turn. From the test data of 49×2 tex and 113×2 tex selftwist yarns, in-phase self-twist yarn 1, with maximum twist unevenness, has the minimum tenacity and maximum unevenness of tenacity, and in the same way phased self-twist yarn 3, with the minimum twist unevenness, has the maximum tenacity and minimum unevenness of tenacity.

Polylactic acid (PLA) has made inroads in the commercial market segment with many unique characteristics. To list a few, such as tenacity, low flame rate, moisture regain percentage, loss of ignition percentage, combustion heat, UV resistance, elastic recovery, and higher melting point, make PLA a predominant material in the commercial market. This study is an attempt to test the feasibility of PLA&rsquo, s mechanical property and strength aspects with cement mix. An article published on biodegradability aspects backed up by the essential preliminary strength and physical test results is discussed in detail in this manuscript. The work focuses on the multi-scale study along with mechanical properties and strengths to evaluate the elemental characteristics. Thermo gravimetric analysis revealed that PLA would hold inclusion into construction applications either in granular form or filament. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) found that PLA in filament form is the best inclusion material for construction applications. However, fiber&rsquo, s tenacity has to be checked, as currently available filaments in the market do not have high tenacity value. From EDX(Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) reports, 30% inclusion of PLA as a replacement for fine aggregate has constituent members as Calcium carbonate(CaCO3), Silica(SiO2), and Wollastonite (CaK) resulted in the best composition among the rest. FESEM images revealed that proper gradation in size, PLA granular form&rsquo, s rough surface, or filament form would enhance the mechanical/physical behavior or even PLA&rsquo, s chemical behavior.

Study technology is a student-centered learning technique that helps the learner to study successfully by providing solutions to all barricades come upon in the progression of studying. This study designed a model on study technology with the barriers that hinder students from studying effectively, the psychological reactions as well as the solutions to the barriers. The study is a position paper which directs the author to review some materials. The findings established that the major barriers to successful study are absence of mass, misunderstood words, obscurity and skipping gradient. In addition, the proffered solutions to the barriers include use of learning materials, use of dictionary, applying mnemonics and adopting a systematic learning style. The study concluded that with study technology, 100% performance is achievable. It was however recommended that students at all levels should assist themselves by adopting the study technology principles.

Effect of intensification of cellulose dissolution process on the spinning of lyocell fibers and their physical properties was systematically investigated. The cellulose dissolution process was intensified by pre-swelling of the pulps that benefited in bringing down the conventional process temperature of 75 °C to 50 °C as well as by assisting in good dissolution and formation of homogeneous dope. Further, effect of dopes prepared from pre-swelled and un-swelled pulps at a lower temperature (i.e. 50 °C) on spinnability and fiber properties, was thoroughly investigated and compared with dopes prepared at 75 °C. The resultant fibers were morphologically and structurally analyzed using SEM and XRD and correlated with their physical properties. It was observed that fibers regenerated from pre-swelled dope, showed increased overall molecular orientation (measured by birefringence) as well as high amorphous orientation that resulted in improved tenacity of the fibers. Finally, it has been observed that cellulose dissolution using pre-swelled method is an energy-efficient technique over un-swelled method (almost 35% at 50 °C and ∼20% at 75 °C of energy saving). Present work makes lyocell process more sustainable and simultaneously enhance fiber properties.

Although traditional alkaline (TAL) process for ramie degumming is commonly used in the industry, it causes severe environmental concerns. In this work, an emerging organic solvent degumming process utilizing FeCl3 catalyst (FeCl3-OS) was developed in one step. The influences of FeCl3-OS system on fiber properties (e.g. residual gum content, tenacity, degree of polymerization (DP), etc.) were evaluated, and the recyclability of degumming solution was also studied. The results indicated that ramie fiber could be isolated with FeCl3-OS treatment (FeCl3 1.0 %, 200 ℃, 121 min), and the tenacity and residual gum content of refined fibers were 7.9 cN/dtex and 3.88 %, respectively. Fibers treated in FeCl3-OS system were endowed better moisture sorption (9.2 %) and higher yield (75.2 %) compared with that in TAL system. Moreover, fibers with five cycles’ treatment possessed outstanding performances, that was 4.44 cN/dtex of tenacity and 4.33 % of residual gum content, which fulfilled the requirements of the spinning process.

This monograph is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Jared James Grantham (1936-2016), a wonderful man, a compassionate physician, a passionate researcher, and an exceptional scientist. Without his vision, achievements and impact on countless collaborators and disciples, the field of Polycystic Kidney Disease would not be where it is today. His intellect, tenacity, modesty and kindness continue to be an inspiration to all.

Ramie ( Boehmeria nivea L.), a perennial herb, is an important bast fiber plant. Its fiber with the advantages of attractive luster, high tenacity, enhanced strength, and good microbial resistivity is well known as the queen of natural fibers. The abundant cellulose fibers in ramie raw materials are stuck tightly by gums consisting of pectic substances, hemicelluloses, and little lignin. The gum should remove from the ramie raw material through degumming process to separate fibers, unveil unique fiber properties, and improve fiber-spinning ability to fulfill textile requirements. Low degumming efficiency and high environmental pollution are the major problems hindering the utilization of ramie fibers. Ramie degumming involves the degradation of pectin and hemicelluloses, which requires chemical, physical, biological treatment, or a combination of several treatments. No stereotyped parameters of the given degumming method have been yet established for the extraction of textile-grade ramie fibers. This review evaluated integrated methodology involving chemical, physical, biological and biochemical methods to degum raw ramie and obtain textile-grade refined fibers.

Health, mental health, and pastoral care professionals encourage individuals to care for themselves in order to age successfully. Younger persons who live with long-term physical or mental health challenges are perceived as disabled or health-challenged. When older persons possess long-term physical or psychiatric challenges the older individual is perceived as frail or with deficits. Implications for clinical and pastoral care are considered as a result of perceptions of frailty in an ageist culture.

In this chapter, I discuss the possibility that writing for publication might not become easier over time but more difficult, even for educated native speakers of English. After describing how writing for publication does get easier, I point out ways that over time the activity can simultaneously become more difficult. The difficulty increases because successful writing for publication does not depend primarily on language proficiency, but on other complex factors that affect L1 and L2 scholars alike, such as inquiry and thinking skills, expertise that develops over time, and tenacity. I conclude with the message that, rather than becoming easier, writing for publication should become more challenging as academic writers involve themselves in continuous learning and in increasingly complex and interesting projects in their fields.

The increasing concern over the waste reduction and health hazards associated with the use of synthetic fibers such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramides and other fibers have turned the attention towards natural ecofriendly green fibers. In this paper natural fibers namely – milkweed fiber, agave americana fiber and sansevieria roxburghiana fibers have been studied experimentally to determine the physical, chemical, morphological and thermal properties by FTIR, SEM, PLM, X-Ray Diffraction, DSC and TGA analysis methods. In this study, Sansevieria fiber was observed to have the highest tenacity of 53.58 g/tex and showed maximum degradation temperature of 375 oC. Milkweed fibers were found to have the lowest density of 0.9 g/cc and possessed hollow structure with smooth surface as observed from SEM and PLM techniques.

A wide variety of marine animals, including animals as different as cephalopods, echinoderms and fish, use suction adhesion for temporary or long-term attachments (1). One aspect of suction adhesion that has been discussed, but never tested experimentally, is its dependence on depth. The change in hydrostatic pressure with depth may exert a marked effect on the force of attachment produced by suction (2-6). This study was designed to confirm this effect experimentally, using limpets as a test case. Limpets rely on suction to resist dislodgment by predators and crashing waves (7, 8). We measured the suction tenacity of four species of limpets at sea level and at increased ambient pressure in a hyperbaric chamber. Tenacity is defined as the force of attachment divided by the area of the foot contacting the substratum. Change in ambient pressure had a small but significant effect on limpet tenacity. These results show that depth can affect attachment up to a point, but the mechanics of limpet feet appear incapable of producing dramatically larger tenacities. Increasing hydrostatic pressure raises the upper limit on the force of attachment that a sucker can create (5). This can be explained as follows. A sucker forms an attachment by decreasing the pressure of the water it encloses. This results in a differential between the pressure of the water outside the sucker and the pressure inside. This differential pulls the sucker against the substratum. The pressure outside the sucker is the ambient pressure, which increases by 100 kPa (1 atm) with each 0-m depth increase. The minimum pressure inside the sucker is limited by water's tensile strength. The sucker can reduce the pressure until the tension in the water reaches a critical value, at which point the water cavitates; it undergoes

In this wide-ranging essay, Bernardi explores personal and artistic responses to state violence. Marking the limits of memory in witnessing the past, she argues for a complex understanding of memory as a mode of reclaiming the disappeared, as the foundation for consciousness building, and, when transmuted into material forms, as a means of witnessing. Bernardi conceptualizes artistic creation as fulfilling multiple roles in witnessing, and as an exchange that demands both speech and recognition. An artistic response to atrocity, she writes, demonstrates an important form of listening to testimonials of atrocity; in turn, that demonstration invites both members and observers into rituals of commemoration. Such rituals, she argues, can provide the foundation for rebuilding trust and understanding in communities that have been damaged by state violence.

Due to the large latent heat related to dehydration into hemihydrate and anhydrite, gypsum is largely used to make firebreak systems. During a fire exposure, the dehydration can induce cracks inside the panels, since the loss of bound-water molecules leads to a large thermal shrinkage. In this study, hemp fibers were added into the plaster, acting as thermo-mechanical reinforcement of the gypsum panels and hindering the cracks formation. The effect of hemp fibers on the thermal behavior of gypsum panels was studied in terms of thermo-mechanical properties in isothermal conditions. Change in chemical composition and morphology of the gypsum matrix after the thermomechanical test were analysed by thermogravimetry (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hemp fibers, even at high temperatures, preserved their “bridge action” between the fracture surfaces, increasing the tenacity of plaster and preventing its fragile collapse.

Elastane containing denim fabrics which are known as “blue jeans” have always been popular. Denim fabrics are woven with white elastane-cotton weft yarns and 100% cotton indigo dyed warp yarns. The most distinctive feature of denim fabrics is those warp yarns’ indigo color fading after washing processes which enhance the denim fabrics having unique structures. The elastane amount in the weft yarns determines the flexibility ratio of the denim fabric with its high recovery property. This study aims to investigate the denim fabrics produced at three different weft and warp density with different yarn counts and elastane ratios in terms of tenacity and stretching properties (elongation, permanent elongation, elastic recovery) considering the washing cycles of 0, 5 and 15. Three different denim fabrics with 100% cotton warp yarns and cottonelastane weft yarns were produced at the weft densities of 23,19, 24 (pick/cm) and at the warp densities of 33, 28 and 35 (end/cm) with three different elastane percentages of 4%, 1% and 2.5% respectively. The 2/1 twill denim fabrics were produced on dobby weaving machine. Home laundry process was applied at 30°C for 40 minutes by using 20 ml/kg standard reference detergent containing 5%-15% anionic surface active agents

As the governments of the United Kingdom (UK) have diverged through expanding devolution since 1999, so too have the responses to and forms of gender equality policy and specifically gender budgeting. This chapter explores the distinctive developments in each of the territories of the UK, considering the role and significance of civil society actors, governmental processes and political commitment.

In this study, it was focused on the investigation of comfort-related properties of the fabrics treated with microcapsules containing phase change materials (PCMs microcapsules). There are limited findings about the effect of prepared PCM microcapsules on fabric properties related with the tactile comfort. In this work, we applied our produced microcapsules to the cotton fabrics and researched these fabrics’ tactile comfort-related properties such as bending rigidity, drape, fabric–fabric friction, and tenacity. One of the outstanding properties of our microcapsules is reactive carboxylic acid groups on their wall. They have the ability to bind to the fabrics in terms of their reactive chemical groups. Microcapsules on the fabrics can be durable to the effects of the rubbing and repeated washings. The fabric test results indicated that air permeability, bending rigidity, tensile strength decrease with the microcapsule treatment, whereas the fabric drape and coefficient of friction of the fabrics increase ...

Carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns were evaluated for sensor applications by measuring electrical properties during uniaxial tension loading. Mechanical properties (tenacity and failure strain) and electrical properties (resistivity and gauge factor) were investigated and statistical distributions for these properties were obtained. Cyclic loading test results showed that permanent strain after unloading exists and that the resistance at zero load increases linearly with permanent strain. Furthermore, the relative resistance change during loading was found to be linear with strain. Although mechanical properties of CNT yarns exhibited a significant statistical variation, the resistance was found to have much less statistical variation making them good candidates as sensors for structural health monitoring in composites.

Four major types of polyester industrial yarns, viz. high tenacity (HT), high modulus low shrinkage (HMLS), low shrinkage (LS) and super low shrinkage (SLS) polyester yarns, were studied for their static and dynamic properties. An attempt has been made to establish a linkage between static and dynamic properties of these yarns with its structure and with its end applications. HMLS and HT polyester yarns have lower tan δ and work loss, which are the desired characteristics required for its end applications which include tire and conveyer belt. Higher overall orientation and higher fraction of tie molecules helped to achieve these properties in HT and HMLS polyester yarns. LS and SLS polyester yarns are mostly used for static applications. Low thermal shrinkage is the key requirement for the downstream processes of these yarns. Lower amorphous orientation in these two yarns is primarily responsible for achieving very low thermal shrinkage. A good co-relation has been established between the peak temperature...

In this work, the crystalline morphologies and mechanical properties of olefin multiblock copolymer (OBC) were regulated by blending with polymers possessing architecture similar to the constituent blocks. In order to understand the influence of multiblock architecture on the interaction between OBC and blended substances, ethylene-octene random copolymer (ORC) with similar crystallinity was blended with corresponding substances for comparison. We found that polyethylene (PE) chains, which possessed architecture resembling hard blocks, were inclined to cocrystallize with OBC and form remarkable lamellar structure in their blends. On the contrary, they aggregated together in ORC matrix and developed crystals similar to pure PE. The distinct crystalline properties were closely correlated to their state in the melt as revealed by Time–Temperature superposition examinations. The results of tensile tests exhibited that the strength of OBC samples could be improved without great depression of tenacity when appropriate amount of PE was blended. This might be ascribed to the good compatibility between added PE and OBC hard blocks considering their similar chain architecture. The findings contribute to understanding the relationship between morphologies and apparent properties of multi-block copolymer-based blends, which can be significant to achieve target mechanical properties for multiblock copolymers by a simply blending approach.

A study is performed on the properties of jute-pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) blended yarn and 100% jute yarn. The jute-PALF blend ratios of two counts of yarn (5 and 7 lbs/spy) are 70:30 and 80:20 respectively. The physical properties of the blended yarns such as load at break, strain at break, tenacity at break, tensile modulus and quality ratio are tested and measured. It is observed from the test results that the physical properties of the blended yarns are better than those of the 100% jute yarn. The experimental results also show that the physical and structural properties of the blended yarn changes with the increase of PALF in the blend ratio. So the blending of PALF has a positive impact on yarn properties. Another study is done, in which it is found that surface appearance properties like color strength (K/S value) and whiteness, yellowness and brightness indices of the blended yarns are almost the same as those of the jute yarn due to the blending of jute-PALF. Therefore, the blending ratio does not cause any notable changes in the natural color of the jute yarn.

Several techniques and treatments have been developed for the production of high-performance nylon-6 fibers. The inherent problems of low productivity, high production cost, and high energy consumption, complexity of chemical reaction, mass transfer, and waste recovery systems make most of them inappropriate for industrial application. Horizontal isothermal bath (hIB) is an alternative ecofriendly simple treatment that can be used during melt spinning process for production of technical textile fibers. The efficacy of hIB in improving the mechanical properties of multifilament nylon-6 yarn is studied in this research. The results showed that such treatment can increase the molecular orientation of the amorphous and crystalline functions up to 0.54 and 0.983, respectively, and raised both the amorphous isotropy and fiber birefringence by 67 and 45%, respectively. Hot drawing of the yarn at a very low draw ratio of 1.38, increased the tenacity and modulus up to 10 and 43.9 g/den, respectively, and decreased the elongation to 27%. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2457–2464, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

Ioncell-F, a recently developed process for the production of man-made cellulosic fibers from ionic liquid solutions by dry-jet wet spinning, is presented as an alternative to the viscose and N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO)-based Lyocell processes. The ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene acetate was identified as excellent cellulose solvent allowing for a rapid dissolution at moderate temperatures and subsequent shaping into continuous filaments. The highly oriented cellulose fibers obtained upon coagulation in cold water exhibited superior tenacity, exceeding that of commercial viscose and NMMO-based Lyocell (Tencel®) fibers. The respective staple fibers, which have been converted into two-ply yarn by ring spinning technology, presented very high tenacity. Furthermore, the Ioncell yarn showed very good behavior during the knitting and weaving processes, reflecting the quality of the produced yarn. The successfully knitted and woven garments from the Ioncell yarn demonstrate the suitability of this particular ionic liquid for the production of man-made cellulosic fibers and thus give a promising outlook for the future of the Ioncell-F process.

This study uses metallic wires, stainless steel (SS) wires, and copper (Cu) wires as the core and 75 denier polyester (PET) fibers as the wrap material to form the metal/PET wrapped yarns. The optimal SS/PET and Cu/PET wrapped yarns are then made into different woven fabrics. The test results of the metallic wrapped yarns show that the optimal tenacity occurs with the wrapping count being 12 turns/cm, while the metal/PET woven fabrics have a low surface resistivity due to the conductive metal/PET wrapped yarns along the weft direction. An increasing number of laminating layers increases the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) while decreasing the air permeability of the woven fabrics. The laminating angle is also proportional to the EMSE of the woven fabrics. In sum, the combination of metal wires and PET fibers provides the resulting woven fabrics with good EMSE.

This study uses 0.08mm copper wire and nickel-coated copper wire as the core and 75 D far infrared filament as the wrapped material to manufacture Cu/FIR-PET wrapped yarn, Ni-Cu/FIR-PET wrapped yarn and Ni-Cu/Cu/FIR-PET wrapped yarn. The three optimum metallic/FIR-PET wrapped yarns are then weaving into Cu/FIR-PET woven fabrics, Ni-Cu/FIR-PET woven fabrics and Ni-Cu/Cu/FIR-PET woven fabrics. Tensile property of metallic/FIR-PET wrapped yarns, electrical resistance of metallic/FIR-PET wrapped yarns, surface resistivity of metallic/FIR-PET woven fabrics and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of metallic/FIR-PET woven fabric are discussed. According to the results, the optimum tenacity and elongation are chosen as 7 turns/ cm, electrical resistance of Ni-Cu/Cu/FIR-PET wrapped presents the best value, Cu/FIR-PET woven fabric has the lowest surface resistivity and Ni-Cu/Cu/FIR-PET woven fabric shows the best EMSE at 37.61 dB when the laminating-layer number is double layer and laminating at 90 ̊. In this study, three kinds of metallic/FIR-PET woven fabrics are successfully manufactured and looking forward to applying on industrial domains.

Polyamide 5,6 (PA56) and polyamide 6 (PA6) fibers were spun by melt spinning process and drawn by a thermal drawing in order to improve their mechanical properties. The effects of drawing conditions on mechanical properties, moisture absorption, and dyeing behavior were investigated by means of tensile testing measurements, moisture absorption test, as well as color strength measurements. It was found that the tenacity and Young’s modulus were significantly increased, while the elongation at break decreased as the draw ratio (DR) and temperature increased due to the increase in molecular orientation along the fiber axis and the crystallinity. PA56 fibers showed a little lower mechanical properties and much higher moisture regain than PA6 fibers at different DRs. This can be attributed to the amide group content in the polymer backbone, which yields higher moisture regain in PA56 fibers than PA6 fibers. The dyeing behaviors of PA56 fiber, in terms of dyebath exhaustion, color strength, and wash fastness ar...

The purpose of this study is to suggest basic data on product-development-directivity by observing how sense of vision, olfaction, and tactile applied to fabric is expressed compositively and by assessing preference of applied fabric. And the research was done by examining factor-structure of consumer’s compound sensibility on color, odor, and touch of fabrics dyed with methanol extract of Juniperus Chinensis Heartwood which not only possesses color but also functionality and odor at the same time. Evaluation on compound sensibility and preference using 20 sets of 7-point-scale was done by taking 130 men and women aging 20 s to 50 s as a research subject. Structure of compound sensibility on color, odor, and touch was drawn with 5 factors of activeness, revelation, tenacity, mildness, and naturalness. Sensibility according to type of fabrics showed significant difference on activeness, revelation, tenacity and mildness, and sensibility according to gender showed significant difference on activeness and naturalness. And according to age, meaningful difference was shown on activeness, revelation, and tenacity. Preference and purchase intention were highest in silk and ramie fabric, and fabric that most matches color and odor was ramie.

In this study we report on the effect of feed yarn parameters viz., filament fineness, filament shape and total linear density on physical bulk, instability and strength of air-jet textured yarns. The yarns were textured under optimum process parameters. The inertial mass, surface area and directional bending effect of filaments affect the physical bulk, stability of loops and tensile strength of air-jet textured yarns. It is observed that an increase in linear density of filament results in a decrease in air-jet textured yarn physical bulk and loss in tenacity, while instability increases. Higher total yarn denier leads to higher physical bulk and instability and lower loss in tenacity. Trilobal polyester filament produces highest physical bulk and loss in tenacity; and lowest yarn instability, while rice shaped filament show lowest physical bulk. Circular filament show intermediate physical bulk and loss in tenacity and highest instability.

The wet-spun aromatic copolysulfonamide (co-PSA) fibers were heat-drawn at different ratios and then characterized by tensile testing, wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The results showed that the tenacity of co-PSA fibers did not increase monotonously with the draw ratios and a maximal value of tenacity and initial modulus was observed as the heat-draw ratio increased. Accordingly, the large crystalline size, content of mesophase and crystal phase, as well as long period and fibril length, were corresponding to the maximum tenacity of the heat-drawn fibers. This suggested that the residence time of the co-PSA fibers, during which it stayed in the heat tube, could not be neglected when the draw ratios changed. A more perfect structure could be formed with a favourable draw ratio and residence time.

An ultra-lightweight engineered cementitious composite (ECC) mixture has been recently developed as a durable alternative to the conventional cement-based fireproofing material for steel structures. The newly developed mixture has a dry density of 550 kg/m3, yet as a fireproofing material, it shows considerable tensile strength above 1 MPa and tensile strain capacity greater than 2%. This newly developed mixture is much more lightweight than any previously developed ECC material. It uses high tenacity polypropylene (HTPP) fibers as fiber reinforcement; and an acrylic latex based admixture is incorporated into the mix composition. All these leads to significantly different micromechanical properties from all previously developed normal-weight and lightweight ECC mixtures. In this paper, investigations have been conducted to fully understand the unique micromechanics of the newly developed material. Specifically, single fiber pull-out tests were conducted. The test result showed that a cement-polymer co-matrix was formed in presence of the latex admixture. As a result, the interfacial bond between the lightweight matrix and HTPP fibers was significantly enhanced. A scale-linking model was also used to show that such enhanced interfacial bond contributed to an increase of tensile strength and strain-hardening potential. The current research provides useful data for understanding the behavior of lightweight ECC and polymer modified ECC materials and can also serve as a guideline for future development of similar materials.

This paper provides an overview of CoderDojos and the philosophy that it aspires to. The research was conducted in one county in Ireland and focused on four CoderDojo locations that were geographically disperse. The findings used a scale known as Grit in order to gauge the tenacity levels of children attending these Dojos. Comparisons were drawn between genders. It also provides a rationale for future research with the addition of qualitative methods.

Electrically conductive stainless steel wire and synthetic polyester filament are selected as the materials for this study. Composite wrapped yarns and composite woven fabrics are successfully manufactured by* wrapping and weaving processes. The breaking strength, tenacity, elongation and work of composite wrapped yarns exhibit the optimum value at 7-D, 7-S, 14-S and 14-D, which the corresponding value are 149.3(N), 1.6(cN/dtex), 19.5(%) and 46.7(N*cm), respectively. The surface resistivity of 4 composite woven fabrics presents similar results with various weft yarns that are composed of various wrapped counts and wrapped layers. Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of composite woven fabric, which varied laminated angles and laminated numbers, significantly reveal different results. The EMSE of composite woven fabrics is considerably enhanced after varying laminated angles of 45° or 90° and laminated numbers, and that of composite woven fabric (14-D-W) with a laminated angle of 90°and a laminated number 3 shows the optimum value -46 dB at 2450 MHz.

As the strategy of waste-management, it is very important to ensure that waste materials are recycled and reused in different industry in order to protect the ecological environment and there are so many initiatives related to this subject. Especially in the textile industry, recycling of PET bottle waste into recycled polyester fiber (r-PET) has made a difference in the industry to reduce load on environment pollution. In addition, it contributes to reducing the fossil fuels sources, water and energy which is the required amount in the production of synthetic polymers. With supporting these attempts, we have to fulfill our social responsibility in order to preserve the ecological balance. This study aims to compare the tenacity and elongation properties of ring spun yarns produced from r-PET fibers recycled from waste PET bottles and cotton fiber at different blend ratios. Besides, virgin PET fibers were also used to conduct the difference between recycled and virgin fibers. Both r-PET and virgin PET fibers were blended with cotton as 100%, 70%/30%, 50%/50% and 30%/70% ratios. All production parameters were constant to determine the effect of raw materials on yarn tenacity and elongation. Results showed that ring spun yarns containing r-PET fibers had lower tenacity and elongation than virgin PET. On the other hand, the quality parameters of r-PET fibers can be improved by technological developments, and so they will be preferred to preserve the ecological balance.

This study considers how employees’ tenacity might enhance their propensity to engage in knowledge exchange with organizational peers, as well as how the positive tenacity–knowledge exchange relationship is invigorated by two types of role conflict: within-work and between work and family. Using data from a large Mexican organization in the logistics sector, this study shows that tenacity increases knowledge exchange, and this effect is stronger at higher levels of within-work and work–family role conflict. The invigorating role of within-work role conflict is particularly salient when work–family role conflict is high. These findings inform organizations that the application of personal energy to knowledge-enhancing activities is particularly useful when employees encounter severe workplace adversity because of conflicting role demands.

In this essay, we share our experience and learning about the value of, and the difficulty associated with, conducting and presenting scientific studies in ways that are both simple (understandable) and beautiful (appealing to the reader). We describe some “aha moments” of insight that led to changes in the way we approach and present research, some of the actions we took, and lessons we learned.

Usage of unexplored lesser known natural fibres in the global arena is not only the important striking area, but simultaneously to search out a suitable avenue for which separate spinning system is not widely available or established. Blending of different fibres having similar or different properties is an important consideration to upgrade certain functional properties of textiles either in apparel or in technical textiles. The theory based on the mechanical properties of the component fibres of blended yarn is well explained by Hamburger in 1949. Blending of indigenous ramie with jute/acrylic will help development of textiles with better functional properties by combining positive features of both the fibres. The tensile properties of blended yarns and influence of component fibres on mechanical characteristics of indigenous ramie-jute and ramie-acrylic blends spun on existing jute spinning frame with an appropriate processing technology divulges that fibre properties like tenacity, fineness and breaking extension mainly dominates the tensile characteristics of the blended yarn.

Cross-border migration and trade are an important and integral part of migration in the SADC region. They contribute to poverty reduction, and are a source of livelihood for many people. Despite the lack of SADC policies that enhance cross-border migration and trade, these appear to be a practical approach to regional economic integration from below. Chapter 8 argues that as countries in the SADC region are committed to the regional integration project, there is a need to seize the opportunity that cross-border trade and migration presents. The chapter suggests that all that is needed are policies that enhance cross-border migration and trade, especially informal cross-border trade, which is regarded as not only informal but in some cases criminal. Ironically, it supports significant numbers of people in the region and is also responsible for moving capital, goods and services. Although unrecognized, cross-border migration and trade are important signposts not only in the political economy of the region, but also in the direction that regional integration should take.

The sea urchin Loxechinus albus is a benthic shallow water coastal herbivore and an exploited natural resource. This study evaluated the consequences of projected near-future ocean acidification (OA) and warming (OW) for small juveniles of this species. I

Talc represents one of the most useful mineral fillers which are compatible with the polypropylene (PP). It is characterized with its lamellar structure. The introduction of 30% by weight of talc, three types differing with the particle size d50 and the composition, has not only a positive influence on stiffness and crystallinity but also it decreases the impact strength and tenacity. The abrasive wear behavior depends mainly on the particle size of talc. Microscopic observations revealed that the talc layers are aligned along the injection flow direction, and uniformly dispersed in the PP matrix.

Chapter Four proceeds toward the issue of motivated learning and presents phenomenological findings on becoming enthusiastic about learning for the first time as a child in a formal educational setting (i.e., in school). Here, the phenomenon of learning is enveloped within a wider concern for the burgeoning of an enduring excitement for learning, which is an indicator of developmental well-being that is inherently connected to the interpersonal. The chapter offers a general structural description of becoming enthusiastic about learning for the first time as a child within the context of a formal pedagogical relationship. Findings are discussed in relation to existing literature on student motivation and enthusiasm for learning, including academic tenacity and existential-humanistic self-development theory (EHSDT).

This essay explores the benefits and pitfalls of perseverance, and considers the role that it plays within positive education and the well-being journey. Perseverance is a personality trait characterized by sticking with things despite challenge. It is important for achievement and other socially valued outcomes. Persevering through challenges helps build one’s character. But tenacity at all costs can become a dangerous weapon of self-destruction. While some students need more perseverance, others need less. The challenge for positive education is to help young people find the right balance between working hard and persisting through challenge with letting go at the right time and enjoying life.

This study analyses reply articles published in academic journals in the field of applied linguistics as an instance of academic conflict with regard to the realization of impoliteness. The study further explores the