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Honourable Mention for the EuroSys Roger Needham PhD Award 2018, atorgada per la European Institution in the area of Systems, Hardware and software complexity of future critical real-time systems challenges the scalability of traditional timing analysis methods. Measurement-Based Probabilistic Timing Analysis (MBPTA) has recently emerged as an industrially-viable alternative technique to deal with complex hardware/software. Yet, MBPTA requires certain timing properties in the system under analysis that are not satisfied in conventional systems. In this thesis, we introduce, for the first time, hardware and software solutions to satisfy those requirements as well as to improve MBPTA applicability. We focus on one of the hardware resources with highest impact on both average performance and Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) in current real-time platforms, the cache. In this line, the contributions of this thesis follow three different axes: hardware solutions and software solutions to enable MBPTA, and MBPTA analysis enhancements in systems featuring caches. At hardware level, we set the foundations of MBPTA-compliant processor designs, and define efficient time-randomised cache designs for single- and multi-level hierarchies of arbitrary complexity, including unified caches, which can be time-analysed for the first time. We propose three new software randomisation approaches (one dynamic and two static variants) to control, in an MBPTA-compliant manner, the cache jitter in Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) processors in real-time systems. To that end, all variants randomly vary the location of programs' code and data in memory across runs, to achieve probabilistic timing properties similar to those achieved with customised hardware cache designs. We propose a novel method to estimate the WCET of a program using MBPTA, without requiring the end-user to identify worst-case paths and inputs, improving its applicability in industry. We also introduce Probabilistic Timing Composability, which allows Integrated Systems to reduce their WCET in the presence of time-randomised caches. With the above co, La complejidad de hardware y software de los sistemas críticos del futuro desafía la escalabilidad de los métodos tradicionales de análisis temporal. El análisis temporal probabilístico basado en medidas (MBPTA) ha aparecido últimamente como una solución viable alternativa para la industria, para manejar hardware/software complejo. Sin embargo, MBPTA requiere ciertas propiedades de tiempo en el sistema bajo análisis que no satisfacen los sistemas convencionales. En esta tesis introducimos, por primera vez, soluciones hardware y software para satisfacer estos requisitos como también mejorar la aplicabilidad de MBPTA. Nos centramos en uno de los recursos hardware con el máximo impacto en el rendimiento medio y el peor caso del tiempo de ejecución (WCET) en plataformas actuales de tiempo real, la cache. En esta línea, las contribuciones de esta tesis siguen 3 ejes distintos: soluciones hardware y soluciones software para habilitar MBPTA, y mejoras de el análisis MBPTA en sistemas usado caches. A nivel de hardware, creamos las bases del diseño de un procesador compatible con MBPTA, y definimos diseños de cache con tiempo aleatorio para jerarquías de memoria con uno y múltiples niveles de cualquier complejidad, incluso caches unificadas, las cuales pueden ser analizadas temporalmente por primera vez. Proponemos tres nuevos enfoques de aleatorización de software (uno dinámico y dos variedades estáticas) para manejar, en una manera compatible con MBPTA, la variabilidad del tiempo (jitter) de la cache en procesadores comerciales comunes en el mercado (COTS) en sistemas de tiempo real. Por eso, todas nuestras propuestas varían aleatoriamente la posición del código y de los datos del programa en la memoria entre ejecuciones del mismo, para conseguir propiedades de tiempo aleatorias, similares a las logradas con diseños hardware personalizados. Proponemos un nuevo método para estimar el WCET de un programa usando MBPTA, sin requerir que el usuario dentifique los caminos y las, Award-winning, Postprint (published version)

Apache Spark’s capabilites offer new possibilities to make software systems more scalable and reliable. The framework can be used to improve old network visibility platforms. Previously, these systems used to be run in a single node, and used Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) techniques to classify the network flows. Deep Packet Inspection methods have a high computational cost so this limited the systems to a lower performance. Classifiers were forced to sample the input data in order to be able to process it in realtime, which caused important loss of information. This project makes use of Spark’s innovative features to create a distributed and fault tolerant platform that can analyse much more flows per second using Machine Learning to achieve a high precision and accuracy at a low computational cost.

We live in a world in which medicine and technology are more united than ever. That is why in the last few years, lots of research groups initially dedicated to the development of technologies, have started to investigate in a field in which progresses are needed in order to protect the humanity against diseases, an this field is the medicine one. This work, following this trend, is focused on one of the diseases that affects the bast majority of tropical countries, Malaria. Along this final Degree Thesis, this disease will be the center of the work, firstly trying to sensitize the reader about its importance and after that, once the objectives have been defined, develop signal processing techniques and algorithms that in the end will count and detect malaria parasites via crowdsourcing, system that is explained in the Introduction chapter., Vivimos en un mundo en el que medicina y tecnología cada vez van más de la mano. Es por ello que durante los últimos años, muchos grupos de investigación inicialmente dedicados al desarrollo de tecnología, han desembarcado en un campo en el cual se necesitan avances para poder proteger al ser humano de enfermedades, es decir, el campo de la medicina. Este proyecto, siguiendo esta tendencia, se centra en una de las enfermedades que más afecta a países de zonas tropicales, la Malaria. A lo largo de este trabajo final de grado se hablará de esta enfermedad y se podrá sensibilizar al lector de su importancia. Una vez se han fijado los objetivos, se desarrollaran técnicas y algoritmos de procesado de señal cuya finalidad será la de contar y detectar parásitos de malaria mediante crowdsourcing, sistema explicado en la introducción., Vivim en un món el qual medicina i tecnologia cada cop estan més units. És per això que durant els últims anys, molts grups de recerca que inicialment es dedicaven al desenvolupament de tecnologia, s'han submergit en un camp en el qual es necessiten mes avenços per poder protegir l'ésser humà d'enfermetats, és a dir, el món de la medicina. Aquest treball, seguint aquesta tendència, es centra en una de les enfermetats que més afecta a països de zones tropicals, la Malaria. Durant aquest projecte de final de grau es parlarà sobre aquesta enfermetat i es podrà sensibilitzar el lector de la seva importancia. Un cop els objectius del treball han estat fixats es desenvoluparan tècniques i algorismes de processament del senyal la finalitat dels qual serà la de contar i detectar paràsits de malaria mitjançant crowdsourcing, sistema explicat a la introducció.

urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-205986, Cotutela Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya i KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Versió dipositada al KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Distributed Real-Time Media Processing refers to classes of highly distributed, delay no-tolerant applications that account for the majority of the data traffic generated in the world today. Real-Time audio/video conferencing and live content streaming are of particular research interests as technology forecasts predict video traffic surpassing every other type of data traffic in the world in the near future. These applications are very sensitive to both communication properties such as latency, jitter, packet loss, bit rate as well as backend stream processing load profiles. In this work we provide a novel and generalized large-scale Multi-Cloud architectural blueprint for ISP and Carrier providers, that permits smart geo-distributed service placement in order to optimize latency/locality of stream processing applications. We provide as a well self-managed Intra-Cloud federation algorithm based on gradient topologies in order to optimize routes in a live media streaming backend. Additionally we introduce a novel distributed Network Bandwidth Manager that optimizes system stability by arbitrating network bandwidth between multiple Cloud services sharing the same network infrastructure. At last, an empirical study is provided connecting media quality parameters and Cloud backend load profiles, including an algorithm for stream allocation on Cloud Selective Forwarding units., El procesamiento de medios en tiempo real distribuido se refiere a clases de aplicaciones altamente distribuidas, no tolerantes al retardo, que representan la mayoría del tráfico de datos generado en el mundo actual. Las conferencias de audio y video en tiempo real y la transmisión de contenido en vivo tienen especial interés en investigación, ya que la prospectiva tecnológica estima que el tráfico de video supere a cualquier otro tipo de tráfico de datos en el futuro cercano. La transmisión en vivo se refiere a aplicaciones en las que flujos de audio/vídeo de una fuente se han de entregar a un conjunto de destinos en lugares geográficos diferentes mientras se mantiene baja la latencia de entrega del flujo (como por ejemplo la cobertura de eventos en vivo). Las plataformas de conferencia en tiempo real son plataformas de aplicación que implementan comunicaciones de audio/video en tiempo real entre muchos participantes. Ambas categorías presentan una alta sensibilidad tanto al estado de la red (latencia, jitter, pérdida de paquetes, velocidad de bits) como a los perfiles de carga de la infraestructura de procesamiento de flujo (latencia y jitter introducidos durante el procesamiento en la nube de paquetes de datos multimedia). Esta tesis trata de mejorar el procesamiento de datos multimedia en tiempo real tanto en los parámetros de nivel de red como en las optimizaciones en la nube., Postprint (published version)

We live in a Big Data era in which data are generated every minute at astonishing rates: internet cookies, social networks, all kind of sensors, climate measurements, smartphone GPS systems, etc. While in the last years the value has moved from possessing the data to knowing how to interpret them, now, with all these amounts of data being generated every minute, the value reside in the ability of interpreting them in real time. This can give a competitive advantage to those able to achieve it, providing them the ability of taking advantage of real time opportunities. Visual analytics, a science combining the strengths of machines with those of humans, can be the solution to that. This work gives a review of existing literature about visualizations of real time Big Data by discussing the main parameters that must be taken into consideration, examining some approaches to perform effective and efficiently and identifying guidelines to evaluate how good a visualization tool is. Results have shown that, although this science is still in a non-mature phase and little is written about this concrete case, the implementation of existing strategies – some of them are even obtained from a more generic case –, can be of great help for successfully visualizing real time Big Data.

In critical domains, the advent of high-performance (complex) hardware, used to provide the rising levels of guaranteed performance, complicates providing evidence of reliable software execution specially on aspects related to the timing dimension. Caches and multicores are two of the hardware features that have the potential to significantly reduce worst-case execution time (WCET) estimates, yet they pose new challenges on current-practice measurement-based timing analysis (MBTA) approaches. MBTA methods rely on some form of instrumentation, either at hardware or software level, of the target program or fragments thereof to collect execution-time measurement data. Instrumentation does affect the timing and functional behavior of a program, resulting in the so-called probe effect: leaving the instrumentation code in the final executable can negatively affect average performance and could not be even admissible under stringent industrial qualification and certification standards; removing it before operation jeopardizes the results of timing analysis as the WCET estimates on the instrumented version of the program cannot be valid any more due, for example, to the timing effects incurred by different cache alignments. Measurement-Based Probabilistic Timing Analysis (MBPTA) is a variant of MBTA that aims at increasing the confidence on WCET estimates. MBPTA aims at relieving the user from controlling hardware sources of jitter. MBPTA implicitly controls the impact of jittery resources on measurements captured at analysis. Some hardware resources are randomized so that their execution times at analysis vary according to a probabilistic execution time distribution that can be used to upperbound the latencies during operation and give a WCET prediction with a certain probability. In this Master Thesis we present our approach to mitigate the impact of instrumentation code on cache behavior by reducing the instrumentation overhead while at the same time preserving and conso

Actualmente, las empresas se encuentran con el problema de que sus trabajadores se comunican entre ellos utilizando aplicaciones externas. Esto no solo provoca un riesgo en la seguridad, si no, que en muchas ocasiones dificulta el trabajo. Actualmente no encuentran con un sistema que satisfaga todas sus necesidades, por lo cual buscan una solución. Con el objetivo de cubrir ese problema, surge este trabajo final de grado, el cual pretende desarrollar un sistema de comunicación profesional, seguro y que simplifique la realización de videollamadas entre usuarios dentro de la organización. Siendo una de sus características poder realizar videollamadas con la posibilidad de recibir ayuda de un experto incorporando elementos de telepresencia. El proyecto contempla el diseño, implementación y publicación de un servidor de comunicación en tiempo real desarrollado en Node.JS. Conocido como un servidor RTA (siglas de Real Time Availability), permite el envío de eventos entre los clientes utilizando Websockets a la vez que ofrece una comunicación estándar mediante API. Junto al servidor RTA también se ha desarrollo un cliente nativo para iOS que permite la gestión de los usuarios y realizar videollamadas a cualquier dispositivo registrado en la organización. Una de sus principales características es poder durante las videollamadas marcar puntos en el vídeo y enviar texto e imágenes en tiempo real., Actualment, les empreses es troben amb el problema de que el seus treballadors es comuniquen mitjançant aplicacions externes. Això, provoca un risc en la seguretat i en moltes ocasions dificulta la feina a realitzar i busquen una solució. Amb l’objectiu de solucionar aquest problema ha sorgit aquest Treball final de grau el qual pretén desenvolupar un sistema de comunicació professional, segur i que simplifiqui la realització de videotrucades entre usuaris dins d’una organització. Caracteritzant-se per poder realitzar videotrucades amb la possibilitat de rebre ajuda d’un expert tot incorporant elements de telepresencia. El projecte contempla el disseny, implementació i publicació d'un servidor de comunicació en temps real desenvolupat en Node.JS. Conegut com un servidor RTA (sigles de Real Time Availability), permet l'enviament d'esdeveniments entre els clients utilitzant Websockets alhora que ofereix una comunicació estàndard mitjançant API. Juntament amb el servidor RTA també s'ha desenvolupat un client natiu per iOS que permet la gestió dels usuaris i realitzar videotrucades a qualsevol dispositiu registrat en l'organització. Una de les seves principals característiques és poder indicar durant la trucada punts al vídeo i enviar text i imatges en temps real., Today, the companies are faced with the problem that their employees communicate using external applications. This not only causes a security risk, but also makes the job harder. Furthermore, companies do not find a system that meets all their needs, so they are still looking for a proper solution. In order to solve this problem, this bachelor’s degree final project aims to develop a professional, secure communication system focused on making videocalls between users at the same organization easier, with extra features like being able to receive help from an expert using telepresence elements. This project involves the design, implementation and publication of a real-time communication server written in Node.js. These servers are known as an RTA (Real Time Availability) servers, which allow event sending between clients using Websockets while providing standard communication via API. Moreover, a native iOS client, which allows the management of users and videocalls to any device registered in the organization, has also been developed. One of its main features is to mark points in the video, send text messages and images in real time while performing a videocall.

Nowadays mostly all the web apps are build using classic and robust technologies such as PHP, JAVA, Python o .NET. These technologies are able to offer powerful frameworks but it is not adapted to the new times where is critical to access on the information and do actions as fast as possible. In this point is where are appearing new technologies such as Node.js, JavaScript and MeteorJS that are offering build flexible and scalable web apps without make the code too complex and always having the control over the app as the data and UI (user interface) are separated. By other hand, these technologies are built to be reactive so any change that has been done in the database or variables are updated automatically. The objective of this project is to evaluate the potential of MeteorJS, since it offers all the tools to make a web application in a simple and quick learning. MeteorJS is a full-stack framework that means that you can develop the entire structure of the application from the server side to the client and making use of a single programming language, which is JavaScript. Among the advantages of developing an application with MeteorJS, is that it offers a package repository, which allows integrating functionalities to the application without having to develop them because of they have already been developed by the community, which implies reducing the time dedicated to the application and can really focus on specific functionalities. An example of this can be the functionality of registering or logging into the application that will be demonstrated during the project and at the same time more demonstrations will be done to evaluate this new framework. The project has been carried out experimentally in which different demonstrations have been carried out to evaluate the potential of the framework. Each of the demonstrations contains a short introduction explaining the objectives to be achieved with each of them, will show the most important steps and pieces of cod

Social networks are no longer a phenomenon; nowadays it is not that they are a reality but have become something indispensable. During its growth and consolidations period internet has suffered a great transformation due to the new kind of most demanded content. Sharing images, videos or even making calls with another user are tasks that an average user would make several times a day. This transition could only happen thanks to new technologies that not only simplify those tasks but, due to handheld devices' irruption, would work successfully under reasonable data and battery consumption rates. Videoconferences over the network and multimedia data streams in general have always gone hand in hand of closed software products like Macromedia Flash, for instance, that required of a plugin installation on the browser by the end user. Under those premises, this project will focus on the investigation of WebRTC as a technology capable of successfully achieving videoconferences between users without the need of any browser plugin. In order to verify the knowledge gathered through the study of the technology, the design, architecture and implementation of an application capable of doing so will be proposed.

Time Randomised caches (TRc), which can be implemented at hardware level or with software means on conventional deterministic cache designs, have been proposed for real-time systems as key enablers for Probabilistic Timing Analysis (PTA) and in particular its measurement-based variant: Measurement-Based Probabilistic Timing Analysis (MBPTA). A key parameter of MBPTA is the number of runs required to ensure representativity of the execution time measurements taken at analysis time with respect to execution times that can occur during system deployment, so that MBPTA can trustworthily be applied. In this thesis, we propose several methods to determine whether the number of observations taken at analysis, as part of the normal MBPTA application process, capture the cache events significantly impacting execution time and Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET). If this is not the case, our techniques provide the user with the number of extra runs required so that cache events are captured ensuring trustworthiness on MBPTA provided WCET estimates. Our techniques have been evaluated using a set of synthetic benchmarks and a real avionics application.

Cache memories are one of the hardware resources with higher potential to reduce worst-case execution time (WCET) costs for software programs with tight real-time constraints. Yet, the complexity of cache analysis has caused a large fraction of real-time systems industry to avoid using them, especially in the automotive sector. For measurement-based timing analysis (MBTA) - the dominant technique in domains such as automotive - cache challenges the definition of test scenarios stressful enough to produce (cache) layouts that causing high contention. In this paper, we present our experience in enabling the use of caches for a real automotive application running on an AURIX multiprocessor, using software randomization and measurement-based probabilistic timing analysis (MBPTA). Our results show that software randomization successfully exposes - in the experiments performed for timing analysis - cache related variability, in a manner that can be effectively captured by MBPTA., The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s FP7 [FP7/2007-2013] under the PROXIMA Project (http://www.proxima project.eu), grant agreement no 611085. This work has also been partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant TIN2015-65316-P) and the HiPEAC Network of Excellence. Jaume Abella has been partially supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under Ramon y Cajal fellowship RYC-2013-14717. This work was conducted as part of a collaboration with the CONCERTO project (ARTEMIS-JU grant nr. 333053), which provided the automotive application and the build automation. Authors thank Benjamin Lesage for his support in execution time collection infrastructure on the AURIX board., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

The main goal of this work is to study, design and develop a distributed system which is able to identify BGP hijacks in real time. The system will be deployed over group of computers available as a testbed. BGP hijacking is considered one of the largest internet security threats with companies such as Google, YouTube, Amazon. This shows the need in our Internet for a system which would be able to detect and show the attacks geolocation, which highlights the importance of this work. This thesis consists on contributing to improve the iGreedy software building new ways of result visualization and optimizing its functionality. The work includes the injection of some randomized BGP hijacks in order to assess and evaluate the performance of the system., El principal objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio diseño y desarrollo de un sistema distribuido que sea capaz de identificar los ataques al protocolo BGP en tiempo real. El sistema será implementado en un grupo de ordenadores con función de "testbed". Los ataques BGP son considerados una de las amenazas de seguridad más grandes a internet para empresas como Google, Youtube o Amazon. Esto nos muestra la necesidad real de un sistema que sea capaz de detectar y localizar los ataques, que pone en evidencia la importancia de este trabajo. Esta tesis consiste en ayudar a mejorar el software iGreedy construyendo nuevas herramientas de visualización de resultados y optimizando su funcionalidad. El trabajo incluye la inyección de ataques aleatorizados para evaluar el funcionamiento del sistema., El principal objectiu d'aquest treball és l'estudi, disseny i desenvolupament d'un sistema distribuït que sigui capaç d’identificar els atacs al protocol BPG en temps real. El sistema s'implementarà sobre grup d'ordinadors amb funció de “testbed”. Els atacs a BGP són considerats una de les amenaces de seguretat més grans a internet per empreses com Google, YouTube o Amazon. Això ens mostra la necessitat real d’un sistema que sigui capaç de detectar i localitzar els atacs, que posa en evidència la importància d’aquest treball. Aquesta tesis consisteix en ajudar a millorar el software iGreedy construint noves eines de visualització de resultats i optimitzant la seva funcionalitat. El treball inclou injeccions d’atacs aleatoritzats per tal d'avaluar el funcionament del sistema.

Memory access contention is one of the main contributors to tasks' execution time variability in real-Time multicores. Existing techniques to control memory contention based on time-sharing memory access do not scale well with increasing complexity of multicores, leading to a rapid increase of WCET estimates. This is due to fact that requests from different tasks interleave in the access to memory, and for each of its requests a task has to make worstcase time allowances to account for the memory state left by the previous request, that may belong to a different task. In this paper, we propose a memory organization that controls contention by dividing the data bus into narrower independent data buses, thus removing conflicts among different tasks accessing memory. While narrower data buses require extra transfers, they allow exploiting memory locality, hence only slightly affecting average performance. Our evaluation on a solid space case-study shows that the proposed memory organization provides contention-free memory access facilitating timing analysis and tightening WCET estimates., The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Space Agency under contract NPI 4000102880 and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Spain under contract TIN-2015-65316-P. Jaume Abella has been partially supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under Ramon y Cajal postdoctoral fellowship number RYC-2013-14717., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Measurement-Based Probabilistic Timing Analysis (MBPTA) derives WCET estimates for tasks running on processors comprising high-performance features such as caches. MBPTA's correct application requires the system to exhibit certain timing properties, which can be achieved by injecting randomisation in the timing behaviour of the task under analysis. However, existing software-randomisation techniques require costly modifications in the industrial production toolchain (compiler, linker, runtime or hardware) in terms of development and certification. In this paper we present TASA, a new software randomisation tool that relies on source-code transformations of the application (i) requiring no changes in existing toolchains, which heavily reduces tool qualification and implementation costs; and (ii) achieving competitive WCET estimates that we assess on a gcc- and a llvm-based compilation toolchain on a real board., The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013] under the PROXIMA Project (grant agreement 611085), the Ministry of Science and Technology of Spain under contract TIN2015-65316-P and the HiPEAC Network of Excellence. Leonidas Kosmidis is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education under the FPU grant AP2010-4208. Jaume Abella is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under Ramon y Cajal postdoctoral fellowship number RYC-2013-14717., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

This thesis presents a modelling approach for the timing behavior of real-time embedded systems in early design phases. The model focuses on multicore processors and it predicts the contention tasks suffer in the access to multicore on-chip shared resources.

En el proyecto el alumno debe formarse en javascript y node.js para desarrollar una aplicación con WebRTC., This project aims to develop a WebRTC application and study of the following technologies: AngularJS, Node.JS and JavaScript. The application is integrated into the academic field that provides real-time services to students and teachers by sharing information through a video call, instant messaging service (chat), a room discussion, a virtual blackboard, YouTube videos and presentations Prezi, all in real time. It has been made fully responsive system to use the application in Tablets, Mobile and primarily Desktop, thus the application has adapted to new technologies today. In addition to the WebRTC API and the aforementioned technologies, I have used as follows: HTML5, jQuery, Socket.IO, Lynkia / Licode, Bootstrap and Sass / CSS3. From this application and all the technologies mentioned, a teacher can create a virtual classroom and make the class on this platform as if it were a face class. But is not limited to this, besides the teacher can create tutorials or debates, which generates a multitude of possibilities, not only in academia, but outside it, such as for meetings in companies, interviews, online courses, etc. In conclusion, with the integration of all new technologies and a fairly friendly design platform is obtained with great potential for academic, with which users can share information in a secure, efficient and dynamically way. The project is hosted on the following GitHub repository: https://github.com/alex0vi/EdShare, El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de una aplicación WebRTC y el estudio de las siguientes tecnologías: AngularJS, Node.JS y JavaScript. La aplicación está integrada en el ámbito académico que proporciona servicios en tiempo real a los alumnos y profesores mediante la compartición de información a través de una videollamada, un servicio de mensajería instantánea (chat), una sala de debate, una pizarra virtual, vídeos de YouTube y presentaciones Prezi, todo en tiempo real. Se ha hecho el sistema totalmente responsive para poder utilizar la aplicación en Tablets, Móviles y principalmente en Escritorio, de esta forma se ha adaptado la aplicación a las nuevas tecnologías de hoy en día. Además de la API WebRTC y de las tecnologías ya mencionadas, se han utilizado las siguientes: HTML5, Jquery, Socket.IO, Lynkia/Licode, Bootstrap y Sass /CSS3. A partir de esta aplicación y todas las tecnologías mencionadas, un profesor podrá crear una aula virtual y realizar la clase en esta plataforma como si se tratase de una clase presencial. Pero no se limita sólo a esto, además el profesor puede crear tutorías o debates , lo cual genera multitud de posibilidades, no solo en el ámbito académico, sino fuera de él, como por ejemplo para reuniones en empresas, entrevistas, cursos online, etc. En conclusión, con la integración de todas las nuevas tecnologías y un diseño bastante amigable se obtiene una plataforma con un gran potencial para el sector académico, con la que los usuarios podrán compartir información de forma segura, eficiente y dinámica. El proyecto se encuentra alojado en el siguiente repositorio de GitHub: https://github.com/alex0vi/EdShare, El present projecte té com a objectiu el desenvolupament d'una aplicació WebRTC i l'estudi de les següents tecnologies: AngularJS, NODE.JS i JavaScript. L'aplicació està integrada en l'àmbit acadèmic que proporciona serveis en temps real als alumnes i professors mitjançant la compartició d'informació a través d'una videotrucada, un servei de missatgeria instantània (xat), una sala de debat, una pissarra virtual, vídeos de YouTube i presentacions Prezi, tot en temps real. S'ha fet el sistema totalment responsive per poder utilitzar l'aplicació en Tablets, Mòbils i principalment en Escriptori, d'aquesta manera s'ha adaptat l'aplicació a les noves tecnologies d'avui en dia. A més de l'API WebRTC i de les tecnologies ja esmentades, s'han utilitzat les següents: HTML5, Jquery, Socket.IO, Lynkia / Licode, Bootstrap i Sass / CSS3. A partir d'aquesta aplicació i totes les tecnologies esmentades, un professor podrà crear una aula virtual i fer la classe en aquesta plataforma com si es tractés d'una classe presencial. Però no es limita només a això, a més el professor pot crear tutories o debats, la qual cosa genera multitud de possibilitats, no només en l'àmbit acadèmic, sinó fora d'ell, com per exemple per a reunions en empreses, entrevistes, cursos en línia, etc . En conclusió, amb la integració de totes les noves tecnologies i un disseny bastant amigable s'obté una plataforma amb un gran potencial per al sector acadèmic, amb la qual els usuaris podran compartir informació de forma segura, eficient i dinàmica. El projecte es troba allotjat en el següent repositori de GitHub: https://github.com/alex0vi/EdShare

Measurement-based timing analysis (MBTA) is often used to determine the timing behaviour of software programs embedded in safety-aware real-time systems deployed in various industrial domains including automotive and railway. MBTA methods rely on some form of instrumenta- tion, either at hardware or software level, of the target program or fragments thereof to collect execution-time measurement data. A known drawback of software-level instrumentation is that instrumentation itself does affect the timing and functional behaviour of a program, resulting in the so-called probe effect: leaving the instrumentation code in the final executable can negatively affect average performance and could not be even admissible under stringent industrial qualification and certification standards; removing it before operation jeopardizes the results of timing analysis as the WCET estimates on the instrumented version of the program cannot be valid any more due, for example, to the timing effects incurred by different cache alignments. In this paper, we present a novel approach to mitigate the impact of instrumentation code on cache behaviour by reducing the instrumentation overhead while at the same time preserving and consolidating the results of timing analysis., The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s FP7 [FP7/2007-2013] under the PROXIMA Project (http://www.proxima-project.eu), grant agreement no. 611085. This work has also been partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant TIN2015-65316-P) and the HiPEAC Network of Excellence. Jaume Abella has been partially supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under Ramon y Cajal fellowship RYC-2013-14717., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Critical Real-Time Embedded Systems (CRTES) follow a verification and validation process on the timing and functional correctness. This process includes the timing analysis that provides Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) estimates to provide evidence that the execution time of the system, or parts of it, remain within the deadlines. A key design principle for CRTES is the incremental qualification, whereby each software component can be subject to verification and validation independently of any other component, with obvious benefits for cost. At timing level, this requires time composability, such that the timing behavior of a function is not affected by other functions. CRTES are experiencing an unprecedented growth with rising performance demands that have motivated the use of multicore architectures. Multicores can provide the performance required and bring the potential of integrating several software functions onto the same hardware. However, multicore contention in the access to shared hardware resources creates a dependence of the execution time of a task with the rest of the tasks running simultaneously. This dependence threatens time predictability and jeopardizes time composability. In this thesis we analyze and propose hardware solutions to be applied on current multicore designs for CRTES to improve time predictability and time composability, focusing on the on-chip bus and the memory controller. At hardware level, we propose new bus and memory controller designs that control and mitigate contention between different cores and allow to have time composability by design, also in the context of mixed-criticality systems. At analysis level, we propose contention prediction models that factor the impact of contenders and don¿t need modifications to the hardware. We also propose a set of Performance Monitoring Counters (PMC) that provide evidence about the contention. We give an special emphasis on the Space domain focusing on the Cobham Gaisler NGMP multicor, Los Sistemas Críticos Empotrados de Tiempo Real (CRTES) siguen un proceso de verificación y validación para su correctitud funcional y temporal. Este proceso incluye el análisis temporal que proporciona estimaciones de el peor caso del tiempo de ejecución (WCET) para dar evidencia de que el tiempo de ejecución del sistema, o partes de él, permanecen dentro de los límites temporales. Un principio de diseño clave para los CRTES es la cualificación incremental, por la que cada componente de software puede ser verificado y validado independientemente del resto de componentes, con beneficios obvios para el coste. A nivel temporal, esto requiere composabilidad temporal, por la que el comportamiento temporal de una función no se ve afectado por otras funciones. CRTES están experimentando un crecimiento sin precedentes con crecientes demandas de rendimiento que han motivado el uso the arquitecturas multi-núcleo (multicore). Los procesadores multi-núcleo pueden proporcionar el rendimiento requerido y tienen el potencial de integrar varias funcionalidades software en el mismo hardware. A pesar de ello, la interferencia entre los diferentes núcleos que aparece en los recursos compartidos de os procesadores multi núcleo crea una dependencia del tiempo de ejecución de una tarea con el resto de tareas ejecutándose simultáneamente en el procesador. Esta dependencia amenaza la predictabilidad temporal y compromete la composabilidad temporal. En esta tésis analizamos y proponemos soluciones hardware para ser aplicadas en los diseños multi núcleo actuales para CRTES que mejoran la predictabilidad y composabilidad temporal, centrándose en el bus y el controlador de memoria internos al chip. A nivel de hardware, proponemos nuevos diseños de buses y controladores de memoria que controlan y mitigan la interferencia entre los diferentes núcleos y permiten tener composabilidad temporal por diseño, también en el contexto de sistemas de criticalidad mixta. A nivel de análisis, proponemos mod, Postprint (published version)

The pressing market demand for competitive performance/cost ratios compels Critical Real-Time Embedded Systems industry to employ feature-rich hardware. The ensuing rise in hardware complexity however makes worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis of software programs - which is often required, especially for programs at the highest levels of integrity - an even harder challenge. State-of-the-art WCET analysis techniques are hampered by the soaring cost and complexity of obtaining accurate knowledge of the internal operation of advanced processors and the difficulty of relating data obtained from measurement observations with reliable worst-case behaviour. This frustrating conundrum calls for novel solutions, with low intrusiveness on development practice. Measurement-Based Probabilistic Timing Analysis (MBPTA) techniques offer the opportunity to simultaneously reduce the cost of acquiring the knowledge needed for computing reliable WCET bounds and gain increased confidence in the representativeness of measurement observations. This paper describes the changes required in the design of several high-performance features - massively used in modern processors - to meet MBPTA requirements., This work has received funding from the European Community's Seventh 1025 Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013] under grant agreement 611085 (PROXIMA, www.proxima-project.eu). Support was also provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Spain under contract TIN2015-65316-P and the HiPEAC Network of Excellence. Leonidas Kosmidis is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education under FPU grant AP2010-4208. Jaume Abella has been 1030 partially supported by the MINECO under Ramon y Cajal postdoctoral fellowship number RYC-2013-14717. The authors wish to acknowledge Michael Houston, Liliana Cucu-Grosjean and Luca Santinelli for contributing to the genesis of this work., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2016.06.005, The use of virtual prototypes and digital models containing thousands of individual objects is commonplace in complex industrial applications like the cooperative design of huge ships. Designers are interested in selecting and editing specific sets of objects during the interactive inspection sessions. This is however not supported by standard visualization systems for huge models. In this paper we discuss in detail the concept of rendering front in multiresolution trees, their properties and the algorithms that construct the hierarchy and efficiently render it, applied to very complex CAD models, so that the model structure and the identities of objects are preserved. We also propose an algorithm for the interactive inspection of huge models which uses a rendering budget and supports selection of individual objects and sets of objects, displacement of the selected objects and real-time collision detection during these displacements. Our solution–based on the analysis of several existing view-dependent visualization schemes–uses a Hybrid Multiresolution Tree that mixes layers of exact geometry, simplified models and impostors, together with a time-critical, view-dependent algorithm and a Constrained Front. The algorithm has been successfully tested in real industrial environments; the models involved are presented and discussed in the paper., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

L'objectiu del projecte és el disseny, implementació i avaluació d'una aplicació de realitat virtual immersiva que permeti la navegació amb tècniques d'interacció gestual per un escenari natural de Catalunya., The goal of the project is the design, implementation and evaluation of an immersive virtual reality software that lets you navigate with gestual interaction techniques in a natural scene of Catalonia.

In this work we focus on the analysis of performance in the context of Probabilistic Timing Analysis (PTA) from different angles. First, we model and evaluate average performance of time-randomised caches used in the context of PTA. Second, we quantify the time overheads of applying some PTA methods

In this project, it has been created a bootloader for the dsPIC33-based board named as Full FLEX, which works jointly with the Erika Enterprise RTOS. In addition, was designed a firmware to perform USB/UART bridging on a PIC18F microcontroller that is also placed inside this board. A python-based software, which decodes both ELF or HEX files into binary source and sends it via USB, from any computer towards the bootloader on the controller, has been created. Furthermore, at runtime the same communication channel can be used to establish a transparent bidirectional communication between the controller and any other software. With this implementation, at development stage, it has been removed an additional IDE and one programming-tool used in the past to program the controller. Furthermore, two additional devices utilized to establish communication between the board and any computer software at runtime stage, are also avoided. So it was possible to reduce both development time and cost spent on tools. It was decided to apply this tool for designing a control system of an inverted pendulum. This application is based on four nodes linked via a CAN. Each node has implemented the bootloader and also runs the above cited real-time operating system. Testing and analyzing results lead to conclude that the system is reliable, efficient and works in harmony beside the RTOS. In addition, the pendulum control system is stable and robust, plus it has achieved the desired control objectives. The development was carried out in the context of having a complete new platform that will be used to facilitate the creation of real-time and/or distributed control sys- tems that can be used both by researchers and students at the Real-Time Distributed Control Systems Laboratory in the Automation Department of the Technical University of Catalonia. The whole project and its documentation are available at github.com/xavierrosero/ FlexboardBootloader.

Aquest treball es basa en la detecció en temps real de repliques d'imatges en entorns distribuïts a partir de la indexació de vectors de característiques locals.

The audio-visual media content production industry (e.g.: broadcasters, small production companies) has been, and already is, employing rigid and difficult to scale technologies to transport and manage their streams through their processing chain. Although since early 2000s a gradually adoption of IP technologies has been happening, the process is still slow. Furthermore, most of the existing technologies involve large deployment and maintenance costs (e.g.: specific hardware, specific and costly wiring). For this reason, the study of IP technology is proposed, specifically technology related to the distributed cloud computing concept, in order to propose solutions to reduce costs and increase the audiovisual content production's possibilities. Particularly, this thesis focuses on analysing, proposing, developing and demonstrating specific virtualization, monitoring and application technologies in order to provide solutions to these mentioned issues. Regarding virtualization, technologies based on Linux Containers are used, specifically Docker containers. Thanks to the managing layer offered by Docker containers the shipment, distribution and execution of applications over the network is achieved. Moreover, platform scalability is assured because the maintenance, management and replication of applications containerized within this technology are fast and reliable. The use of monitoring tools is a key point to offer application status management to applications and to the platform itself and to allow the application of actuation policies in real-time in an efficient manner. Specifically, Collectd and Graphite are the selected tools. Moreover, these tools are able to be managed inside containers in order to be simultaneously deployed over the network together with the applications' platform. Finally, as it is demonstrated, the core of the platform, the LiveMediaStreamer framework, achieves the requirements in order to be used as a real-time cloud service for audiovisu

[CATALÀ] Dissenyem un software que mescla vídeos en sincronia amb música en temps real. Els vídeos es segmenten en shots i se n'extreuen característiques de color. De l'àudio se n'extreuen el temps, tempo, altura i clau. Usant un joc de normes i filtres es renderitza una mescla de vídeo en temps real., [ANGLÈS] We build a software that mixes videos in synchrony with music in real-time. The videos are segmented in shots and color features are extracted. Audio input is analysed and onset, tempo, pitch and key detection algorithms are applied. A set of rules and filters are used to render the output.