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International audience; We are developing a telemeter based on the measurement of the phase accumulated by a RF sine wave during its propagation in air. This wave is carried by a laser beam thanks to an intensity modulation. The main limitation of this technique lies in amplitude-to-phase conversion occurring in the detection of this modulation. Therefore, we characterized in this paper this phenomenon for a given telemetric system and discuss on how to reduce its effects on the resolution and the accuracy of the distance measurement. Finally, a solution is implemented and tested outdoor, in real conditions of use.

Estimating the distance between two vehicles is very important for transport safety. In order to keep the driving safety and avoid the traffic accidents, we proposed a rough distance measuring method using license plate to estimate the distance between two vehicles in this study. The method first uses checkerboard corner detection algorithm and the Tsai two-stage technique to calibrate the intrinsic parameters of the camera. Then the location of the license plate region in a single image are extracted based on the constrains of the color and the shape information of the license plate. Next, the corners is computed using the intersection points of parallel lines, which are extracted from the convex hull of the region of the license plate. Finally, the distance between two vehicles is estimated based on the intrinsic parameters of the camera, the image coordinates of the four corners and the size of the license plate. Experimental results of the static and moving cars show that our algorithm can estimate the distance between two vehicles, and the measurement error between our algorithm and a hand — held laser telemeter is within 0.8m. It means that our algorithm can be used as an efficient distance estimation method to keep the driving safety.

We have developed a fully implantable telemetry device for use in mice. The telemeter is able to measure biopotential signals (EEG, EMG, ECG) at a sampling rate of 2000 Hz. The device has a volume ...

The information-measuring system is intended to continuously determine a set of geophysical parameters of worked-out areas of running oil reservoirs under pressures of up to 100 mPa. The system consists of ground and well telemeter units, and an acoustic waveguide based on a well scratcher wire is used as a communication link between them. Due to the permanent connection of the housing of the well instrument and scratcher wire and the use of a power supply unit based on a current generator in the form of a spinner rotameter with rotor and stator windings, the well instrument is self-contained and can operate in hostile environments with pressure differences of up to 20 mPa. The measurement ranges are as follows: for the flow velocity sensor, the range is 0.001–0.1 m/s with a 0.5% error; for the pressure gage, it is 0–90 mPa with a 0.1% error; for the temperature sensor, the range is 0–125°C with a 0.1% error; and for the humidity sensor, it is within a humidity range of 50.1–99.9% with a 0.1% error. These systems are multichannel due to the self-synchronization method of the recovered signals of the sensors in the ground part with a 0.1% total reception/transmission error determined by the analog-to-digital conversion.

This paper presents the design and implementation of the first generation of a portable system for a hand grasp neuroprosthesis that is controlled by means of signals from natural sensors in the skin of the index finger. To reduce development time and costs, we based our design on readily available, standardised modules such as a 486DX100 compatible CPU, a data acquisition board, a flash disk storage unit, and a high-efficiency DC/DC switch-mode power supply. Additionally, we designed and built a telemeter to supply an implanted muscle stimulator with power and control data. The signal from the natural sensors was recorded with a cuff electrode implanted around the palmar digital nerve innervating the radial aspect of the index finger. For amplification of the recorded nerve signal, we added an external low-noise nerve signal amplifier. For pre-processing of the recorded nerve signal, an optimised band-pass filter was used. A data-recording unit allowed storage and off-line analysis of the stimulator command and the recorded nerve signal. The portable system was used by a tetraplegic volunteer to test the feasibility of including natural sensors in a hand grasp neuroprosthesis for activities of daily living. The flexibility of the presented system allows rapid prototyping of experimental FES hand grasp systems intended for portable use.

This article presents a new algorithm to recognize natural distinctive places such as corridors, halls, narrowings, corridors with doors opening on the left side, etc., from indoor environments using Hidden Markov Models (HMM). HMM give a stochastic solution which can be used to make decisions on localization, navigation and path-planning. The environment is modeled as a topo-geometric map which combines topological and geometric information. This map is obtained from a Voronoi diagram using measurements of a laser telemeter. The characteristics of topo-geometric map (nodes, number of edges adjacent to nodes, slope of edges, etc.) are used to learn and to recognize the different places typical of indoor environments. This map can be used in order to resolve several problems in robotics such as localization, navigation and path-planning. Our method of place recognition is a fast and effective way for a robot to recognize typical places of indoor environments from a topo-geometric map.

The optical telemeter system has been developed, which converts the temperature of rotating spindle to the digital data and carries the digital data from LED on the rotating side toward PD on the stationary side by the optical data transmission. Based upon the temperature distribution of hollow ball-screw obtained by the telemeter system, the thermal elongation of the ball-screw is estimated as the one-dimensional thermal elongation. Estimation accuracy, which is the difference between the estimated thermal elongation and the measured thermal elongation, is -3.1∼+3.2µ m for the thermal elongation of 50-60µ m over the length of 935.5mm of the ball-screw.

Summary Introduction A radiotherapy simulator makes it possible to verify a radiotherapy treatment plan before starting treatment. The aim of this work was to evaluate the parameters of radiotherapy simulators affecting the precision of simulation. Material and methods A test protocol has been prepared based on appropriate IEC norms and the methodology used by service engineers, as well as on previous work undertaken at the Medical Physics Department. Two radiotherapy simulators (Varian Ximatron and Oldelft Simulix) have been regularly tested for a period of over one year. Results Tests have shown that on both simulators, precision of laser centrators (light beams indicating the isocenter), field size and telemeter (light scale indicating the source-to-skin distance) varies over time, which in some situations could lead to significant inaccuracies in simulations. Inaccuracies observed during the tests were, in most cases, not noticed by the operators. Usually, appropriate adjustments can only be made by service engineers. Other parameters affecting the geometrical precision of simulations have proved to be stable. Evaluation of image quality and X-ray beam parameters did not reveal any significant changes over a one-year period. Conclusions Mechanical parameters of radiotherapy simulators need to be tested regularly, with precision of laser centrators, field size settingsand telemeter readings requiring special attention.

This paper deals with the optical telemeter system of strain-gauge output in rotating object. Bridge circuit composed of strain-gauges is connected to an amplifier and the output of amplifier is A/D converted according to the control series generated by a one-chip micro-controller, and the A/D result of serial data series is fed to LED on rotating object and sent as the optical data series. The optical data series is received by PD on stationary head, and the serial PD output is converted to parallel datum and inputted to personal computer. Tensile force acting on the sensing plate based upon the centrifugal force due to the spindle rotation is measured by the strain-gauge and the optical telemeter system. Theoretical tensile force is calculated. It is confirmed that the measured force coincides well with the theoretical force. This system has the function of quick-input of known-strain.

A system is described that amplifies an electroneurographic signal (ENG) from a tripolar electrode nerve cuff and transmits it from the implanted amplifier to an external drive box. The output was raw ENG, bandpass filtered from 800 to 8000 Hz. The implant was powered by radio-frequency induction and operated for coil-to-coil separations up to 30 mm. The testing and performance of the system is described. The input-referred noise was never more than 1 microV RMS, and, at some positions of the radio-frequency field, was 0.7 microV, close to the expected value for the amplifier used. The common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) depended on the impedance imbalance from the cuff and the length of input cable. Devices with a short cable and low source impedance had CMRR of 84 dB, but, with 31 cm of cable and a real cuff, the CMRR fell to 66 dB. Recovery from a stimulus artifact took 5 ms. The responses of the cuff to external potential gradients and to common-mode signals are described theoretically or by simulation. The devices are available for use in neuroprosthetic or neurophysiological research.

Anastomosis is a common surgical procedure using staples or sutures in an open or laparoscopic surgery. A more effective and much less invasive alternative is to apply the mechanical pressure on the tissue over a few days [1]. Since the pressure is produced by the attractive force between two permanent magnets, the procedure is called magnamosis[1]. To ensure the two magnets are perfectly aligned during the surgery, a miniaturized batteryless Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) tag is developed to wirelessly telemeter the status of a pressure sensitive mechanical switch. Using the multi-layer circular spiral coil design, the diameter of the RFID tag is shrunk to 10, 15, 19 and 27 mm to support the magnamosis for children as well as adults. With the impedance matching network, the operating distance of these four RFID tags are longer than 10 cm in a 20 × 22 cm(2) area, even when the tag's normal direction is 45° off the antenna's normal direction. Measurement results also indicate that there is no noticeable degradation on the operating distance when the tag is immersed in saline or placed next to the rare-earth magnet. The miniaturized RFID tag presented in this paper is able to support the magnamosis and other medical applications that require the miniaturized RFID tag.

In the context of the alignment strategy of interferometric gravitational wave detectors, we developed a new telemetric algorithm to measure the absolute position of a solid body in the space. The algorithm is implemented in a single device system, a computer controlled CCD camera. We present the principle, the preliminary characterization of the noise and the overall performance of the system. The scheme has been implemented and seems to be promising in further experimental applications.

This paper presents two novel concepts to improve the precision of global positioning system (GPS). First, observations of the low cutoff angle are applied to GPS positioning for obtaining more information to enhance precision. However, unequal weight P=cos2(z) is used, where z denotes the zenith distance, since the noise of the GPS observations is increased following the increase of the zenith distance. Second, a short-range baseline field is used as the test area. In addition, the external precision of the GPS baseline is evaluated using the distance obtained with a precise telemeter to replace the conventional method, which uses internal precision, i.e., baseline repeatability or standard deviation. The analysis results indicate that the best precision of GPS positioning is obtained at a cutoff angle of 15°. Moreover, using unequal weight to receive low cutoff angle GPS observation data to positioning can improve the precision average 3 mm for our test baselines.

In this study, biotelemetry and its evolution is explained in detail. Bioelectric and physiological variables could be measured by biotelemetry systems. The development of a biotelemetry system and its principal operation are presented. The components of a biotelemetry system are explained. Biomedical data has been telemetered through every medium between two sites by using a variety of modulated energy forms. Designing of the link between transmitter and receiver is described. Important factors in designing a backpack or implanted telemeter are explained. The main features of implanted biotelemetry units are determined. Single-channel and multichannel biotelemetry systems are defined. The types of telemetry, and a comparison thereof, are given. The power sources of biotelemetry systems and features of different power sources are explained. A survey of biotelemetry applications on humans and animals is presented and advantages of using biotelemetry systems are determined.

A telemetry system for the measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) has been developed with a low-cost manufacturing process and a low-power consumption design. All the components and functions for the RRI measurement were implemented on a wearable telemeter which can operate for up to 10 hours with a rechargeable Li-Polymer battery, and the RRI data is stored into a smartphone via a Bluetooth wireless transmission. In a long-term measurement of a young subject that extended over 48 hours in total, the results showed a 1% probability of recurring errors. The obtained results suggest that the proposed fully-wearable system enables the continuous monitoring of HRV for both clinical care and healthcare operated by a non-expert.

This paper proposes an efficient data compression technique dedicated to implantable intra-cortical neural recording devices. The proposed technique benefits from processing neural signals in the Discrete Haar Wavelet Transform space, a new spike extraction approach, and a novel data framing scheme to telemeter the recorded neural information to the outside world. Based on the proposed technique, a 64-channel neural signal processor was designed and prototyped as a part of a wireless implantable extra-cellular neural recording microsystem. Designed in a 0.13- $\mu$ m standard CMOS process, the 64-channel neural signal processor reported in this paper occupies ${\sim} 0.206$ mm $^{2}$ of silicon area, and consumes 94.18 $\mu$ W when operating under a 1.2-V supply voltage at a master clock frequency of 1.28 MHz.

We present our first results in the realization of a laser diodes based telemeter. We aim at developing an air index compensated distance meter taking advantage of the dependence of the chromatic dispersion of the refractive index with air temperature. This will be realized by two simultaneous distance measurements at two different wavelengths: each measurement is based on the measurement of the phase accumulated by a radio wave propagated in air by an intensity modulated laser beam.

Wireless microdevices powered by ultrasound energy have been fabricated to measure and telemeter tissue impedance spectrums for applications in peripheral vascular disease monitoring. The system is characterized by simplicity of the implant consisting of only two electrical components. Ex vivo testing shows the potential for constructing tissue impedance spectrum plots over the range from 10 Hz to 10 kHz by a device less than 1 mm in diameter and 1 cm long. The neurostimulator microdevice was powered by continuous waveform 650 kHz ultrasound with a swept-frequency amplitude modulation. The system was operated at safe ultrasound power levels on the order of 10-100 mW/cm(2). The device proved to be sensitive and able to measure tissue impedances over a broad range. Volume conducted signals carrying impedance information from the microdevice were remotely detected by surface biopotential electrodes.

International audience; We present a feature based visual SLAM method that uses chamfer distance to estimate the camera motion from RGB-D images. The proposed method does not require any matching which is an expensive operation and always generates false matching that affects the estimated camera motion. Our approach registers the input image iteratively by minimizing the distance between the feature points and the occupancy grid using a distance map. We demonstrate with real experiments the capability of the method to build accurate 3D map of the environment with a hand-held camera. While the system was mainly developed to work with RGB-D camera, occupancy grid representation gives the method the ability to work with various types of sensors, we show the capacity of the system to construct accurate 2D maps using telemeter data. We also discuss the similarities between the proposed approach and the traditional ICP algorithm.

The application of a radio frequency ball bearing cage temperature telemeter in a high speed turbocharger is demonstrated. A temperature dependent LC tank circuit is adhered to the bearing cage and wirelessly monitored using an axially displaced stationary receiver coil. The cage sensor is installed in a turbocharger rotor-bearing system and is able to withstand the harsh conditions of being tested at speeds up to 77,000 r/min. The sensor tracks the transient temperature response within the bearing due to mechanical losses and external heating. This sensor concept may be utilized to monitor bearing performance at high speeds, detect loss of lubricant and impending failure, and implement predictive analytics using measured data.

Two different versions of a temperature telemeter were designed and developed for use in tribological environments and their usefulness as a condition-monitoring instrument for bearings is demonstrated. The first version is a battery-powered telemeter and it is designed to have extremely small size and mass, which are essential for application in rolling element bearings. The second version is a remotely powered design, which has similar features to that of the battery-powered telemeter but provides the advantage of an almost infinite life and even smaller size. The telemeters were installed on the cage of a tapered rolling element bearing and tests were conducted under normal and severe conditions to determine the feasibility of the cage temperature as a condition-monitoring parameter on a bearing. A finite element model of the cage was developed to study and compare with experimental results. The tests conducted indicate that the cage temperature demonstrates a very fast response to tribological changes such as interruption in lubrication supply, speed or torque variation and it is thus a good parameter for determining the temperature condition of a rolling element bearing.

A number of different approaches exist for assessing blood pressure in experimental animals. Here, we briefly consider the traditional indirect (rodent tail-cuff) and direct (saline-filled catheter) methods of blood pressure measurement before going on to describe our experience with blood pressure telemetry in rabbits, rats, and mice. Blood pressure telemetry offers the ability to obtain a high-fidelity recording of blood pressure continuously, for relatively long periods of time, in conscious, freely moving animals, without the limitations of restraint or anaesthesia. Since some drift in telemeter offset and sensitivity are inevitable, recalibration of the telemeter devices immediately before implantation and following explantation is essential to ensure and document the accuracy of the blood pressure measurements. For long-term implantations, verification of the calibration can be performed in vivo, at least in the case of large animals, such as rabbits. Telemetry devices suitable for small animals, such as mice, are also available now, which will facilitate the accurate characterization of blood pressure in transgenic animals. Telemeter implantation methods in mice are presently difficult, with relatively low success rates being reported. However, validation of new methods, such as the insertion of the catheter tip via the carotid artery, may make the technique more widely accessible in the near future.

To limit cumulative errors due to the odometer, we propose an absolute location method based on the extraction and the use of geometrical landmarks. This method also avoids the need of prior knowledge of the robot environment (no training steps) and its specified fitting (no beacons). If different measurements of the environment around the robot taken by an ultrasonic telemeter are merged, geometrical primitives appear. They are then discriminated and rebuilt. Those primitives are the landmarks used by the locating system. Hence a set of definitions and laws have been established to conjointly use few landmarks, in order to obtain the mobile robot absolute location by triangulation.

This study was designed to determine the maximum-size subcutaneous telemeter that would enable long-term and multichannel data collection in a 170-g rat for 90 days. In phase 1, rats with implants weighing 5 (2.5 cm3), 15 (7.5 cm3), 25 (12.5 cm3), 35 (17.5 cm3), or 45 (22.5 cm3) g were compared with sham-operated (SOC) and nonoperated (NOC) control animals. Severe skin lesions, seromas, and lower growth rates were observed in rats having implants ≥35 g. Thus, in phase 2, rats implanted with 23.5 g (17.5 cm3; 11-g active telemeter and 12.5-g implant) were compared with rats implanted with 11 g (6 cm3; telemeter only) and with the SOC and NOC groups. No differences were found among implanted groups in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), subcutaneous temperature, or spontaneous activity under standard housing conditions. All groups were more active and had a higher MAP during the dark than the light phase of the daily cycle. During 2 h of cold exposure (3°C), both telemetered groups exhibited similar changes in HR, MAP, temperature, and activity levels. Adrenal glands were larger in the 23.5-g group (51 ± 1.6 mg) than in the SOC (46 ± 1.0 mg) and the NOC groups (41 ± 2.0 mg). No other significant differences were found in organ, muscle, or bone weights. These data verify the feasibility of using 23.5-g (17.5 cm3) subcutaneous telemeters for chronic recordings in young adult rats.

A new acoustic transmitter for monitoring the tailbeat frequency of free-swimming fishes and sharks is described. The transmitter is externally mounted on the fish's caudal peduncle and produces an acoustic pulse with every lateral movement of the tail. Field tests on obligate-swimming juvenile scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) show these transmitters accurately telemeter tailbeat deflections from free-swimming sharks. Tests in a flume show sharks with transmitters work harder and swim slower than sharks without transmitters, but these laboratory data can be used to correct for instrument artifacts on free-swimming sharks. A shark tracked with a tailbeat-sensing transmitter exhibited similar movement and activity patterns to shark pups tracked with smaller, orally inserted internal transmitters. The similarity of tracks indicate that the shark equipped with the tailbeat transmitter behaved normally. Thus, this new transmitter design offers a cost-effective, minimally intrusive method for accurately measuring activity rate and energy consumption of active fishes and sharks in the field.

Freezing of Gait (FoG) in Parkinson disease (PD) is a sudden episode characterized by brief failure to walk. This study aims to build a preliminary prototype that is able to acquire signals from different sensors, and detect changes during FoG. This paper gives the basic concepts to build an algorithm. The different kinds of sensors used in this study are two acceleration sensors, two telemeter sensors and a goniometer. The acquired signals were compared to normal gait modes and analyzed in order to extract both time and frequency domain features that can separate the FoG class from the other modes. After selectingoptimal features, a windowing technique is applied to confirm the significance of these features when FoG episode occurs.Results prove the feasibility to detect FoG usingnew types of sensors and new extracted features.

The electrical and communication performance of a 0.8-/spl mu/W UHF temperature telemeter designed for human vaginal placement is discussed; a solenoidal loop antenna was used, occupying a volume of 0.1 cm/sup 3/. In situ, measured power absorption was between 19-25 dB, resulting in an effective operating range of 10 m. Capacitive loading lowered the antenna's resonant frequency by 1.4% and there was a significant polarization change in the radiated output.

地震予知を目指した大地震発生場の地殻内不均質構造を調査するため, 新しい観測システムが構築された。広域テレメータ観測網とデータ集中処理システム及び稠密アレー観測を一体化したものである。アレー観測における地震データ収録の可否は集中局からの無線指令による。これを無線制御システムと呼んでおり, 本稿ではこの部分に限って詳しく述べる。, The initiation and growth process of large earthquake is storongly controlled by the crustal in homogeneity such as velocity contrast by fluid layer. To survey the in homogeneity, a new observation system was developed.The seismic signals are transmitted from the satellite stations to the temporal data senter with the data acquisition and management system. From central system, by using the radio waves, the trigger signals are sent to the array observation stations which are densely distributed along the observation lines. In this paper, the trigger control system by the radio waves are descrived.

A microradiotelemeter was designed and developed to measure the in situ temperature of a tribocomponent (tapered roller bearing roller). Photolithography was used to pattern a flexible circuit board for the telemeter. The overall device size was minimized by the use of surface-mount technology (SMT) components. The completed circuit board was 5 mm by 9 mm by 1.5 mm high and weighed approximately 0.080 grams. The board was packaged in a brass body with a battery case and antenna. The complete package was installed into a bearing roller, with the thermally sensitive elements near the rib-roller contact. The telemeter was used with an RF spectrum analyzer to monitor the start-up temperature of a bearing roller for various applied loads and shaft speeds. Test results indicate that, under starved conditions, the temperature of the roller measured with the telemeter increased significantly faster than the temperature of the housing.

A telemetry system for the measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) with automatic gain control has been developed with a low-cost manufacturing process and a low-power consumption design. The proposed automatic gain control technique provided highly reliable RR interval (RRI) detection for subjects of different ages, and enabled the subjects to use the system without any expert knowledge of the electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement. All the components and functions for the RRI measurement were implemented on a wearable telemeter which can operate for up to 440 h with a CR2032 coin battery, and the wirelessly transmitted RRI data is stored into a PC by a receiver via a USB connection. The errors of the RRI detection occurred at less than 2% probability in subjects of five different ages. In a long-term measurement of a young subject that extended over 48 h, the results showed a 0.752% probability of recurring errors. The obtained results suggest that the proposed system enables the long-term monitoring of HRV for both clinical care and healthcare operated by a non-expert.

Radio-based signalling devices will play an important role in future generations of remote patient monitoring equipment, both at home and in hospital. Ultimately, it will be possible to sample vital signs from patients, whatever their location and without them necessarily being aware that a measurement is being taken. This paper reviews current methods for the transmission by radio of physiological parameters over ranges of 0.3, 3 and 30 m, and describes the radiofrequency hardware required and the carrier frequencies commonly used. Future developments, including full duplex systems and the use of more advanced modulation schemes, are described. The paper concludes with a case study of a human temperature telemeter built to indicate ovulation. Clinical results clearly show the advantage to be had in adopting radio biotelemetry in this instance.

1988年度に導入された実験用航空機Do-228-200型機に対して、飛行データ収集システム(Flight Data Acquisition System: FDAS)を構築した。近年、計算機の発達が著しいことを背景に、パーソナル・コンピュータを用いてFDASの構築を試みた。しかしその後、センサや航法機器の追加搭載に伴って、センサ、航法機器などから得られる飛行データも増加してきた。このため、取り込み信号数の増加、データ収集量の増大、そしてより取り扱い易い汎用的なシステムを目指して、新しいFDASを構築した。さらに、飛行実験における飛行データを地上でモニタすることは、飛行実験をより効率的に行う上で有効であると考え、それを実現するためにダウンリンク・システムを構築した。, The National Aerospace Laboratory introduced a flight research airplane, a Dornier-228-200, and constructed a Flight Data Acquisition System (FDAS) for flight tests of navigation system at Sendai airport. The new FDAS has been constructed to improve data acquisition ability and to ensure easy operation. For an efficient flight test operation a data downlink system was also constructed. This report describes the outline of the new systems and their flight test evaluation results., 資料番号: AA0000868000, レポート番号: NAL TM-699

The present document specifies the adaptation of an ultrasonic rangefinder in a two-dimensional object recognition system. The base system is constituted by PSoC (Programmable System-on-Chip) evaluation kit made by Cypress semiconductor. This system allows to take distance measures in two dimensions, depth and height, and send the data to the computer via serial port communication RS232. These data can be stored and displayed in real time thanks to an application created with the graphical environment LabView. The use of PSoC allows to minimize the size of the whole system and provides the indispensable elements for the implementation of an ultrasonic distance measurement system without unnecessary additional components. This system is autonomous thought the use of batteries and thanks to the PSoC's low consumption.

International audience; We demonstrate a laser ranging scheme that uses a high-frequency modulated beam to achieve subnanometer precision by the combined use of interferometric and time-of-flight measurements. We first describe how the absolute distance is extracted from a two-mode interference signal. In particular, we show that the signal, which presents both optical and synthetic wavelength scales, allows one to achieve nanometer-scale accuracy, despite the significant long-term phase drifts in the 20 GHz detection chains. We present results obtained with the telemeter implemented for a distance of about four meters, obtained by folding the laser beam path to the target.

Studies for human-machine interaction such as Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) using EEG has been focused on. Usability in daily life is critical for BCI. Therefore, a convenient portable telemetry EEG system at low cost is required. We developed "Air Brain system", a portable EEG telemetry system using 3G-network with a smartphone. The feature of the system is recording EEG at low cost, anywhere the system connecting 3G networks. In addition, various sensors on a smartphone are used to sense human behavior during EEG measurement. The system enables us to measure EEG immediately after walking, and we found attenuation of α-wave with eye closing.

An optical telemetering system which measures the temperature of the rotating spindle of a machine is proposed. Our system uses an optical data transmission to realize high-speed precise telemetering, it is robust for the external electric-magnetic field. Moreover it can measure the temperatures at eight different positions simultaneously and the data is transmitted with only two pairs of infrared LED and photodiode by using an asynchronous serial data transmission. We have made an experimental system and measured some fundamental characteristics. The time required for the data transmission is 48 μs a channel. It is confirmed experimentally that the accuracy in temperature measurement is 0.4 °C., Machine tool, in-line and robot sensors and controls : Conference : Oct 1995, Philadelphia, PA