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The subcellular distribution of the regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells was determined by subcellular fractionation and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using the bcyl mutant deficient in the regulatory subunit as control. The regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase showing cAMP-binding activity was identified as a single protein of 50 kDa by photoaffinity labeling and immunoblotting. The regulatory subunit was concentrated in a nuclear fraction in addition to a cytoplasmic fraction. By comparison of the regulatory subunit distribution with the DNA localization, the area detected by the indirect immunofluorescence was identified as the nucleus.

The adsorption behaviors of methyl and propyl iodides, propyl chloride and chlorobenzene were examined on silica gels impregnated with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), pyperazine (PPZ), hexamethylene tetramine (HMTA), and modified with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (ATS) and dimethoxybis[3-(rnethylamino)propyl]silane (DAS). The irreversibly adsorbed amount of these halides except chlorobenzene was proportional to the amount of impregnated amines. The molar ratios of irreversible adsorption of the halides to the impregnated amine were less than 2 and in the order of DABCO>PPZ>HMTA>ATS>DAS. The former three amine compounds are less stable than the last two materials against thermal pretreatment.

Summary: Mutated A and B incompatibility factors of Coprinus cinereus (Amut and Bmut) were recovered from fruit bodies produced on common-A and common-B heterokaryons, respectively, following mutagenesis. The Amut hyphal cells were either uninucleate or binucleate and had pseudo-clamps irregularly scattered along the hyphae. The Bmut hyphal cells were predominantly uninucleate and had no clamp structures. Amut Bmut double mutants constructed from these Amut and Bmut strains were predominantly binucleate, had true clamps, and gave rise to fertile fruit bodies indistinguishable from those of wild-type dikaryons. Although these Amut Bmut strains resembled in most respects a normal dikaryon, they produced abundant oidiophores and oidia like the monokaryons. The oidia were uninucleate, and possessed the potential to grow into fertile homokaryons with the above characteristics.

Calmodulin from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purified to complete homogeneity by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and HPLC gel filtration. The biochemical properties of the purified protein as calmodulin were examined under various criteria and its similarity and dissimilarity to other calmodulins have been described. Like other calmodulins, yeast calmodulin activated bovine phosphodiesterase and pea NAD kinase in a Ca2+-dependent manner, but its concentration for half-maximal activation was 8-10 times that of bovine calmodulin. The amino acid composition of yeast calmodulin was different from those of calmodulins from other lower eukaryotes in that it contained no tyrosine, but more leucine and had a high ratio of serine to threonine. Yeast calmodulin did not contain tryptophanyl or tyrosyl residues, so its ultraviolet spectrum reflected the absorbance of phenylalanyl residues, and had a molar absorption coefficient at 259 nm of 1900 M-1 cm-1. Ca2+ ions changed the secondary structure of yeast calmodulin, causing a 3% decrease in the alpha-helical content, unlike its effect on other calmodulins. Antibody against yeast calmodulin did not cross-react with bovine calmodulin, and antibody against bovine calmodulin did not cross-react with yeast calmodulin, presumably due to differences in the amino acid sequences of the antigenic sites. It is concluded that the molecular structure of yeast calmodulin differs from those of calmodulins from other sources, but that its Ca2+-dependent regulatory functions are highly conserved and essentially similar to those of calmodulins of higher eukaryotes.

The value of preoperative bone scans in patients with primary breast and prostate cancer was evaluated prospectively. Of 414 patients with breast cancer, clinical stage I is 14, II is 219, IIIA is 59, IIIB is 39 and IV is 14. Of 88 patients with prostate cancer, clinical stage I is 14, II is 15, III is 18 and IV is 41. 11 percent of patients with breast cancer and 54 percent of patients with prostate cancer had bone metastases. Clavicle, ribs, thoracic spine, lumbar spine and pelvis metastasized most frequently. The incidences of bone metastases were 18.4% with Scirrhous carcinoma, 15.4% with Medullary tubular carcinoma and 3.8% with Papillotubular carcinoma. The methodology and results of ROC analysis were described in our other papers. Some results of data analysis were described in this paper.

The ppd1 mutant of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was isolated as a suppressor of the cyr2 mutation which caused alteration of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Three peaks of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity (peak I, II and III) were identified by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography of crude extracts of the wild-type strain. The ppd1 mutant was deficient in peak III phosphoprotein phosphatase activity. The peak III enzyme efficiently utilized the phosphorylated forms of NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase and trehalase as substrate. The ppd1 mutation did not suppress the cyr1, CYR3 or ras1 ras2 mutations. The ppd1 locus was located on chromosome II and had identical characteristics with glc1. The ppd1 mutation suppressed the G1 arrest caused by nutritional limitation, but maintained sensitivity to mating pheromone. In diploids homozygous for the ppd1 mutation, no premeiotic DNA replication and commitment to intragenic recombination occurred and no spores were formed, suggesting that the accumulation of phosphorylated proteins in the absence of one of the phosphoprotein phosphatases is required for mitosis but not for the initiation of meiosis.

The state of Cl in β-ferric oxide hydroxide (β-FeOOH) was examined by X-ray diffraction, IR absorption, chemical analysis, DTA, and TGA. The adsorption of SO2 was determined as a measure of the surface activity. No influence of Cl contained in the crystal appeared in the X-ray diffraction patterns and surface area. The absorption bands at 640 and 840 cm−1 in IR spectra showing the deformation vibration of OH group diminished with the decrease of Cl content. It was shown that the path for β-FeOOH to transform into α-Fe2O3 by heating differentiates from the sample including more than 11.5% Cl/Fe to one including less than 11.5% Cl/Fe. This critical Cl content is equal to the amount of Cl when Cl fills up the characteristic tunnels existing in the β-FeOOH crystal. Cl in β-FeOOH interferes both its transformation into α-Fe2O3 and the recrystallization of resultant α-Fe2O3. These effects were explained by the stabilization of the β-FeOOH structure by Cl in tunnels and the bonding between Cl and Fe. The amount ...

A cpk mutant of Neurospora crassa with morphological alteration was obtained spontaneously during the cross between the wild-type and a glycerol utilizing cr-l strain. The growth rate of cpk was intermediate between the wild-type and cr-1 mutant strains. The cpk conidia contained a reduced level of carotenoid pigments as compared to the wild-type conidia. The cpk mutant had no detectable amount of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP)-binding protein at all stages of growth tested. On a DEAE-Sephacel column chromatogram, protein kinase activity of the wild type was eluted at two peaks; the first peak was cAMP-dependent, and the second one was not. In contrast, the cpk strain had two peaks of cAMP-independent enzymes. It is suggested that cAMP-dependent protein kinase may be altered in the cpk mutant into a cAMP-independent type by an alteration of the regulatory subunit of this enzyme.

Characteristics of a mutant of Coprinus macrorhizus which forms white callus-like masses of densely packed hyphae designated as “rockery” have been described. Formation of both rockeries and monokaryotic fruiting bodies required light, but rockeries once formed inhibited the formation of monokaryotic fruiting bodies. Genetic analyses revealed that this mutant carried the genes for rockery formation (roc) and monokaryotic fruiting (fisC5), but the expression of roc and fisC5 was suppressed in dikaryons. The expression of rockery character resulted in suppression of production of tyrosinase and melanin in mycelia of roc fisC5 strain.

Several biochemical properties of a mutant deficient in phosphoglucose isomerase (pgi) of Coprinus cinereus were examined in connection with its ability to produce basidiocarps. Mycelium of the pgi mutant accumulated glucose-6-phosphate and showed higher glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity than wild type. A conventional fruiting medium did not support basidiocarp formation by the homozygous dikaryon pgi/pgi, but the addition of a reduced amount of glucose plus a compensatory amount of fructose to the culture medium resulted in partial recovery of fruiting ability. This modification of the culture medium decreased the intracellular glucose-6-phosphate to almost the same level as in the wild type. The addition of polyols such as mannitol resulted in complete recovery of fruiting ability by the dikaryon pgi/pgi without affecting the level of glucose-6-phosphate. Mycelium of the mutant showed an elevated activity of NAD-linked polyol dehydrogenase and an elevated intracellular NAD level, irrespective of whether the mycelium was grown in the presence or absence of polyol.

Adenylate cyclase from Coprinus macrorhizus was found in the particulate fractions containing plasma membrane, microsomes, and mitochondria. Glucose addition lead to inhibition of adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate accumulation and fruiting body formation in vivo, but glucose did not inhibit the adenylate cyclase activity in vitro. The enzyme was solubilized by treatment with detergents or KCl. The localization of adenylate cyclase did not change in the course of fruiting body formation under various light conditions.

The process of basidiospore formation in a mutant strain Fisc of Coprinus macrorhizus, a heterothallic species of Basidiomycete, which forms monokaryotic fruiting bodies was examined. A single nucleus in a young basidium divided mitotically and two daughter nuclei were fused subsequently. The fused nucleus then divided meiotically forming four basidiospores on a basidium. The typical chromosome behaviours in the first meiotic prophase were observed. Synaptonemal complexes were observed in a basidium at the first meiotic prophase. A continuous illumination of fruiting bodies was effective to arrest meiosis in monokaryotic fruiting bodies at the particular stage of meiotic division.

The sulphidation behaviour of chromium alloys is reviewed in three different sulphur pressure ranges and the effect of chromium on the sulphidation kinetics and scale structures is discussed. It is generally known that chromium is resistant to sulphidation at high sulphur pressures, while it sulphidizes rapidly at low sulphur pressures. This seems to be due to phase changes from Cr2S3 or Cr3S4 to CrSx. At low sulphur pressures, copious internal sulphidation is formed for NiCr alloys whereas, for FeCr alloys, sulphidation is confined to grain boundaries. The sulphidation properties of chromium and Cr23C6 were investigated at 1073 K in the sulphur pressure range from 103.5 to 10−6 Pa. Both chromium and C23C6 showed similar kinetics and scale structures, except for the formation of Cr7C3 in the inner layer of sulphidized Cr23C6. It is concluded that, at the low sulphur pressures which often occur in an internal sulphidation zone, chromium and Cr23C6 sulphidize faster than the alloy substrate and also that the grain boundary sulphidation of FeCr alloys is due to the preferential sulphidation of chromium carbides and not of the chromium-depleted alloy matrix.

The production of NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase was initiated at the stage of first meiotic prophase in pileus cells but not in stipe cells of dikaryotic and monokaryotic fruiting bodies in Coprinus macrorhizus. The production of chitinase and glucanases assayed with laminarin and lichenan was observed after the completion of meiosis only in pileus cells. The light conditions that were effective for the delay or inhibition of cellular events in the pileus cells were also effective for the delay or inhibition of enzyme production. But all sporeless mutants tested, which were defective at the various stages of basidiospore formation, produced the normal levels of these enzymes. The results indicate that the sequential production of enzymes and cellular events leading to basidiospore formation in pileus cells are independent from each other.

The aerosol of reversed micelle and the Schulman's reversed microemulsion with aqueous cores trapping dilute Fe/sup 2 +/ solution have been prepared and subjected to oxygenation by air at different temperatures between 30 and 70 C. It was confirmed that the apparent rate of oxygenation reaction is enhanced for both the reversed micelle and reversed microemulsion by ca. 102 to 103-fold of that in bulk solution. By the air oxidation of the reversed microemulsion, in particular, precipitates appeared from the water pools. Electron micrographs of the precipitates showed sharp needles which are likely to be FeOOH crystals, indicating the building of a strongly alkaline environment in the aqueous cores. The probable causes of rise in pH and the resulting acceleration of overall oxidation reaction have been suggested. 24 references.

A design principle of bipolar electrodes for liquid metal electrowinning cell was discussed theoretically. By taking into consideration of volume balance and homogeneous circulation of the chloride melt, general equations were deduced for determination of each sectional area of the bipolar electrodes. The values of design parameters were checked experimentally by operating the laboratory-scale cells constructed with the proposed design principle in which following variables were supposed to be known; the number of the inter-spacing reaction zones and a total sectional area of the cell, an average surface area and thickness of the bipolar eletrodes, a distance between electrodes, specific conductivity of the chloride melts and decomposition voltage of aluminum chloride in the melt at various concentrations at operational temperatures.

The oxidation behavior of Co alloys containing up to 23.0 % Mn was investigated at temperatures of 1273–1473 K in an oxygen pressure range of 10–105 Pa using thermogravimetry, electron-probe microanalysis, and optical microscopy.

Rhizoctonia solani isolates capable of forming sclerotia accumulated two or three times higher amounts of adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) in mycelial cells comparing with those incapable of forming sclerotia. The addition of adenine and L-cysteine to culture media was effective to inhibit formation of sclerotia. Adenine inhibited adenylate cyclase activity, but not phosphodiesterase activity. L-cysteine showed no effect on both adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase activities. A single cAMP-receptor protein was detected by photoaffinity labeling with 8-N3-cAMP in mycelial extracts of all isolates of R. solani tested. The protein had an apparent molecular weight of 50, 000 and co-chromatographed on a DEAE-Sephacel column with cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The result indicated that the 50, 000-dalton protein may be a regulatory subunit of protein kinase with capacity to bind cAMP.

Statistics on the causes for deaths of 638 patients operated on in our department for resection of cancer of the intrathoracic esophagus (squamous cell carcinoma) during the period from 1959-1979 showed that the major causes for direct operative deaths were pyothorax, pulmonary complications, failure of the sutures, and postoperative hemorrhage. Among operation survivors, recurrence was the most frequent cause of death, responsible for the deaths of as many as 80% of less-than-five year survivors; and recurrence in the cervical, supraclavicular fossa, and superior mediastinal lymph nodes and that in the other organs were the frequent causes for the deaths of two- to three-year survivors. Pulmonary complications were the causes for the deaths of 50%, and recurrence for the deaths of 30% of five- to ten-year survivors. Recurrence in the digestive organs other than the esophagus and cardiovascular diseases were the frequent causes for the deaths of more-than ten-year survivors, while none of these survivors died of recurrence.

Various truncated CYR1 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were fused to efficient promoters and expressed in Escherichia coli and S. cerevisiae cells with or without the RAS genes. The catalytic domain of adenylate cyclase encoded by the 3'-terminal 1.3 kb region of the open reading frame of the CYR1 gene produced cyclic AMP, irrespective of the presence of RAS genes. The product of the 3'-terminal 2.1 kb region of CYR1 showed guanine nucleotide-dependent adenylate cyclase activity and produced a large amount of cAMP in the presence of the RAS gene. Thus, the domain encoded by the 0.8 kb region adjacent to the catalytic domain is associated with the regulatory function of the RAS products. The cyr1 RAS1 RAS2 cells carrying the 3'-terminal 1.3 kb region of CYR1 were unable to respond to environmental signals such as sulfur starvation and temperature shift, but the cyr1 cells carrying the 2.1 kb region and at least one RAS gene were able to respond to these signals. The environmental signals may be transferred to the adenylate cyclase system through the RAS products.

This study was performed to demonstrate the hemodynamics in three patients who underwent the Kreutzer procedure for repair of tricuspid atresia at the ages of 3, 12, and 18 months, with particular reference to the function of the pulmonary valve. Each patient underwent clinical review and cardiac catheterization 4 to 7 years postoperatively. Cardiac indices were slightly reduced. Pressures in the right atrium were moderately elevated, and tall A waves were incompletely transmitted to the pulmonary artery. Cineangiograms with pressure injections in the main pulmonary artery showed that the pulmonary valves had grown and could function well. Echocardiograms, however, showed no valve closure under normal conditions, and this was confirmed by cineangiography in one patient with a slow, continuous infusion of contrast medium in the main pulmonary artery. We suspect that a structurally perfect valve remains more or less permanently open and serves no function.

Five cases of anomalous origin of the left main (LM) coronary artery from the right anterior aortic sinus are presented. In 4 patients the anomalous artery ran a septal course through the floor of the right ventricular infundibulum and in 1 an interarterial course between the aorta and pulmonary trunk. The cineangiographic features of these courses are contrasted with arteries running anterior free wall and retro-aortic courses. A caudal anterior loop of the anomalous LM coronary artery indicates a septal course, a cranial posterior loop an interarterial course, a cranial anterior loop an anterior free wall course and a caudal posterior loop a retro-aortic course. Review of previously documented cases shows that the septal course is relatively common, although previously not recognized.

The sulfidation behavior of chromium was investigated over a temperature range of 973–1173 K in H2S-H2 gas mixtures of 104–10−6 Pa sulfur partial pressures using thermogravimetry, X-ray diffractometry, optical and scanning electron microscopy, and electron-probe microanalysis. Sulfidation kinetics are rapid for short periods and obey a linear rate law at low sulfur pressures, whereas at high sulfur pressures sulfidation tends to be parabolic. The surface morphologies can be divided into four types: at high sulfur pressures a petal-like crystal of Cr2S3(rho. and tri.) (type 1), at intermediate sulfur pressures a twinlike structure of Cr3S4 (type 2), at low sulfur pressures a flat surface with numerous hexagonal pits of Cr1−xS (type 3), and a fine twinlike structure of ordered Cr1−xS (type 4). At 973 K, the sulfur pressure ranges are type 1 at\(p_{S_2 } \) > 10−4, type 2 at\(p_{S_2 } = 10^{ - 5} \), and type 3 at\(p_{S_2 }< 10^{ - 6} Pa\). The critical sulfur pressure where type 2 was formed, 10−5 Pa at 973 K, shifts toward higherressures at higher temperatures and becomes 10−3 Pa at 1073 K and 10−1 Pa at 1173K. Type 4 is observed at 1173K and 10−6 Pa sulfur pressure. Thesulfide scale is composed of two distinct layers: an external layer, which is dense with a fine columnar structure, and an inner layer, which is porous with a layered structure of sulfides and voids. The external scale is composed offour layers at high sulfur pressures: at the scale-gas interface Cr2S3(rho.), next Cr2S3(tri.), third Cr3S4, and innermost Cr1−xS. With decreasing sulfur pressures,the number of layers in the external scale was reduced. Pt markers were positioned between the external and inner scales.

A Rhizoctonia solani strain, RI-64, carrying DNA plasmids grew slowly, was weakly pathogenic, produced oxalic acid and was unable to form sclerotia on agar media. But 5 of 205 isolates regenerated from protoplasts of RI-64 grew rapidly and formed sclerotia, yet they carried plasmids and produced a small amount of oxalic acid. Sclerotia were formed in media containing pyruvate or glycerol, but were repressed in media containing large amounts of glucose. Growth and sclerotium formation were repressed in media adjusted to low pH and in media containing oxalic acid. These results suggest that slow growth and inability to form sclerotia in strain RI-64 result from low pH in the media around mycelia, caused by the production of oxalic acid.

Spherical colloidal cobalt phosphate particles of narrow size distribution were prepared by aging solutions containing CoSO4 and NaH2PO4 in the presence of urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The so obtained solids were amorphous, but crystallized at ∼600°C, without changing the particle shape. The composition of the particles was identified as Co3(PO4)2 · xH2O (x = 3.4–3.7). Most of the bound water was released on calcination at 300°C without a change in the specific surface area of the powder.

Three types of internal sulphidation (general internal, integranular) and a mixture of these occurred beneath relatively thick surface scales at low sulphur pressures where a noble metal sulphide is unstable. This critical sulphur pressure was higher when the surface sulphide scales were highly protective, as observed for FeCrAl and FeMn alloys sulphidized at intermediate sulphur pressures. Copious internal sulphidation was formed by sulphidation of FeMn, FeNi and NiCr alloys. For an Fe26.6 % Cr alloy the internal sulphidation occurred at 1173 K while it was confined along the grain boundaries at 1073 K. With increasing chromium content, a mixture of internal and intergranular sulphidation was formed at both temperatures. Austenitic stainless steels, SUS 316L and Incoloy 800, formed copious internal sulphidation at sulphur pressure of 10 −3.5 and 10 −3 Pa, and with decreasing sulphur pressures this changed rapidly to intergranular sulphidation. The usual internal sulphidation is explained by assuming an enhanced diffusion flux of sulphur due to the sulphur-metal interaction in the alloy phase, which has very low chemical diffusivity. For alloys with relatively high chemical diffusivity intergranular sulphidation takes place, because the metal-scale interface is unstable and the grain boundaries become inward protruding sites.

Mutants able to utilize 5'-AMP or cyclic AMP as the adenine source were isolated from an ade6 ade10 double mutant by ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenesis. A single amp1 mutation, primarily selected on 5'-AMP medium, confers the phenotype for utilization of exogenous 5'-AMP as the adenine source. From the ade6 ade10 amp1 triple mutant, a mutant able to utilize cyclic AMP was isolated, and the mutant phenotype was proven to be due to the simultaneous occurrence of triple mutations designated as cam1, cam2, and cam3. The cam3 mutation, but not cam1 or cam2, also confers the phenotype for utilizing 5'-AMP, the same phenotype as the amp1 mutation. All of these mutations are recessive to the respective wild-type counterparts. Cells having the ade6 ade10 amp1 cam1 cam2 cam3 genotype showed significant ability to take up exogenous cyclic AMP, whereas no differences were observed in cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity in comparison with that of the original strains used in the mutant isolation. Since glucose severely repressed galactokinase synthesis in the constitutive GAL81 mutant having the ade6 ade10 amp1 cam1 cam2 cam3 genotype, irrespective of the presence or absence of cyclic AMP in the medium, it was suggested that cyclic AMP is not involved in the mechanism of catabolite repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It does, however, have a stimulative effect on the galactokinase synthesis in the GAL81 mutant in the absence of glucose.

Phase relations and stability fields in the Fe-Cr-S system were investigated at 1073 and 1173 K in the sulfur pressure range 100–10−5 Pa. The sulfides, produced by the sulfidation-annealing process of Fe-Cr alloys followed by rapid quenching, were characterized using X-ray diffraction powder analysis at room temperature. The Cr3S4 in the Cr-S system extends beyond the FeCr2S4 stoichiometry in the Fe-Cr-S ternary system at intermediate sulfur pressures. The spinel-monoclinic transition of the FeCr2S4 was observed at sulfur pressures of 10−3–10−3.5Pa at 1073 K and at 100–10−0.5 Pa at 1173 K. The free energy change for formation of the spinel, FeCr2S4, from a monoclinic (Cr, Fe)3S4−y, hexagonal (Fe, Cr)1−xS, and sulfur vapor is given by the relation ΔG = −1523 + 1.09 T (kJ/mol). The phase-transition mechanism of FeCr2S4 is discussed on the basis of an enhancement of the cation coordination numbers from 4-6-6 for the spinel to 6-6-6 for the monoclinic, when the sulfur partial pressure decreases.

脈管内腫瘍塞栓合併肝細胞癌症例12例に対する治療法として,腫瘍塞栓に対する放射線照射を行い,その効果を検討した.主腫瘍に対しては,Transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE)または, Lipiodol-Adriamycine懸濁液動注を施行し,これらの効果のおよぼないと考えられている腫瘍塞栓に対してTime-Dose-Fractionation factor (TDF) 80を目標に放射線照射を行った.放射線照射後の変化を検討すると,画像上全例に腫瘍塞栓の縮小を認め,増大・悪化した症例はなかった.組織学的には,大星・下里分類のGrade IIA以上の効果を80%に認めた.また,照射前後の肝の変化をCT,肝シンチで観察すると,照射野に一致した肝の萎縮と,非照射野の代償性肥大を認めた.腫瘍塞栓合併肝細胞癌非切除例の予後を放射線照射例と他の治療法を行った非照射例とで比較すると放射線照射例に予後の延長が認められた.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of liver SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography). Eleven hospitals which are in or near Tokyo are participating in this study. Planar liver images and SPECT images of 134 cases which were retrospectively confirmed for its final diagnosis were collected. At the first study, the planar images (PS) were read by 13 nuclear medicine physicians. The second, the image reading by the combination of the planar images and the SPECT images (PS + SPECT) were performed. The confidence level of diagnosis for SOL (space occupying lesion) obtained by the image reading of PS and PS + SPECT has been analyzed by using the SOL detection model. The SOL detectability of PS + SPECT was higher than that of PS only. However, these differences were not statistically significant.

The phosphorylation of three cellular proteins from mycelia of Rhizoctonia solani was stimulated in the presence of adenylate 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). The molecular weights of these proteins were determined to be 25, 000, 32, 000 and 62, 000 by gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS. One of them (62K protein) was phosphorylated in the presence of cAMP to the maximal level within 5min, and the ATP concentration was saturated for the phosphorylation of this protein at 20μM. The Ka value for cAMP in the phosphorylation of 62K protein was approximately 0.1μM. NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase activities in crude extracts of R. solani mycelia that form sclerotia in the presence of cAMP were inhibited significantly by preincubation with both ATP and cAMP. The inhibition of this enzyme activity saturated at 20μM ATP. The Ki value for cAMP on the inhibition of NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase activity was approximately 0.1μM. These results suggest that inhibition of NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase in R. solani mycelia is regulated by phosphorylation through activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

S. cerevisiae strains containing RAS2val19, a RAS2 gene with a missense mutation analogous to one that activates the transforming potential of mammalian ras genes, have growth and biochemical properties strikingly similar to yeast strains carrying IAC or bcy1. Yeast strains carrying the IAC mutation have elevated levels of adenylate cyclase activity. bcy1 is a mutation that suppresses the lethality in adenylate cyclase deficient yeast. Yeast strains deficient in RAS function exhibit properties similar to adenylate cyclase deficient yeast. bcy1 suppresses lethality in ras1- ras2- yeast. Compared to wild-type yeast strains, intracellular cyclic AMP levels are significantly elevated in RAS2val19 strains, significantly depressed in ras2- strains, and virtually undetectable in ras1- ras2- bcy1 strains. Membranes from ras1- ras2- bcy1 yeast lack the GTP-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity present in membranes from wild-type cells, and membranes from RAS2val19 yeast strains have elevated levels of an apparently GTP-independent adenylate cyclase activity. Mixing membranes from ras1- ras2- yeast with membranes from adenylate cyclase deficient yeast reconstitutes a GTP-dependent adenylate cyclase.

The treatment of mycelial cells with membrane-active antibiotics, uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation and KCl leads to a transient increase in adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels in Coprinus macrorhizus. The maximal values and duration of increase in the cyclic AMP level depended on the kind and amount of these drugs. The treatment with thse drugs simultaneously resulted in a rapid increase in the phosphorylation of three cellular proteins. The levels and time course of phosphorylation of these proteins were paralleled with the increase of cyclic AMP level in response to the drugs used. Thus, the treatment of these drugs causes the transient increase of cyclic AMP level and cyclic AMP stimulates the phosphorylation of particular proteins by activating protein kinases.