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Soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) are an important tool for interpreting paleoseismicity and depositional environments in ancient basin successions. The northwestern margin of Junggar Basin is a key region for understanding the paleogeography and basin attribute of the Junggar Basin during the early Permian. In the Lower Permian (Kungurian) Fengcheng Formation, nine lithofacies are grouped into fan delta, fluvial delta, and shallow, deep and alkaline lacustrine facies associations. Vertical transitions of the sedimentary environments show that the lake basin experienced expansion during deposition of the Lower (P 1 f 1) and Middle (P 1 f 2) members and the shrinkage during the Upper Member (P 1 f 3), which is consistent with the paleogeographic distribution of lithofacies in different members. Conventional cores show a wide variety of SSDS, including ductile (folds, convolute lamination, and load structures), hybrid ductile-brittle, and brittle deformation structures (microfaults, breccias, boudinage and sedimentary dikes). SSDS mainly occurred in a still and deep lacustrine environment. These deformation structures were not formed in any specific lacustrine environment, as there is no difference with the undeformed sedimentary units of the same sedimentary facies. Thus, the triggering mechanism is interpreted as intermittent earthquakes. Lake expansion under arid condition and SSDS intervals with vertical repetition and possible lateral continuity indicate that most seismicity was during the Middle Member (P 1 f 2), corresponding with the main activity on basin-bounding normal faults. The enhanced faulting at this time generated accommodation, creating lacustrine conditions in the basin depocenter. It is thus clear that the early Permian Mahu sag represents an active rift basin with bounding faults, and is not a foreland basin. • Lacustrine Fengcheng Fm of Junggar Basin has abundant soft-sediment deformation. • Deformation structures were triggered by earthquakes on bounding normal fault. • 11 deformation horizons show the fault was most active in middle member. • Early Permian Junggar Basin was a rift basin rather than a foreland basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tianshan Orogenic Belt underwent a series of complex tectonic changes from the Late Palaeozoic to the Cenozoic, providing key insights into the evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The continuous Permo-Triassic sedimentary records of the Turpan Basin are among the best archives of the tectonic evolution of the Tianshan Orogenic Belt. However, the evolution of the Turpan Basin during this period is poorly understood. Using detrital zircon U-Pb chronology and geochemistry, we reconstructed the source-to-sink system changes and the basinal tectonic evolution in the Permo-Triassic, thus providing new evidence of its tectonic evolution. Our results show that the Early-Middle Permian source-to-sink systems of the Turpan Basin were mainly proximal and constrained by horst and graben landforms due to internal extension formed in the back-arc setting during accretionary orogenesis in Central Asia. In the Late Permian-Early Triassic, exotic sources, including the North Tianshan and Yili Block-Central Tianshan, dominated the source-to-sink system, which suggests that rifts were infilled and expanded across the entire thermal sag basin. In the Middle-Late Triassic, the sediment sources diversified, with external and internal provenances revealing that a foreland basin formed with thrusting at the southern margin, and the intraplate-associated Bogda forebulge experienced initial uplift, signifying that the CAOB gradually changed from an accretionary to an extrusive orogeny. The three evolutionary episodes of the Turpan Basin implicated the long-lasting effect of the orogenic process from the final closure of Palaeo-Asian Ocean to the following build-up of the CAOB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observational studies have shown that neuroticism is associated with frailty, but the causal relationship between them remains unclear. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to explore the bidirectional causal relationship between neuroticism (n = 380,506 for the primary analysis, n = 79,004 for the validation) and frailty (n = 175,226) using publicly available genome-wide association study data. The inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger were used to obtain the causal estimates. Findings were verified through extensive sensitivity analyses and validated using another dataset. Multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis was performed to estimate the direct causal effects with adjustment of potential confounders. Two-step MR technique was then conducted to explore the mediators in the causal effects of neuroticism on frailty. Genetically-predicted higher neuroticism score was significantly correlated with higher frailty index (IVW beta: 0.53, 95%CI: 0.48 to 0.59, P = 9.3E-83), and genetically-determined higher frailty index was significantly associated with higher neuroticism score (IVW beta: 0.28, 95%CI: 0.21 to 0.35, P = 1.3E-16). These results remained robust across sensitivity analyses and were reproducible using another dataset. The MVMR analysis indicated that the causal relationships remained significant after adjusting for the potential confounding factors. Mediation analysis revealed that depression, years of schooling, and smoking were significantly mediated the causal effects of neuroticism on frailty. A bidirectional causal relationship existed between neuroticism and frailty. Our findings suggested that early intervention and behavioral changes might be helpful to reduce the neuroticism levels and prevent the development of frailty. • A bidirectional causal relationship existed between neuroticism and frailty. • Depression, years of schooling, and smoking were significantly mediated the causal effects of neuroticism on frailty. • These results remained robust across sensitivity analyses and were reproducible using another independent dataset. • Early intervention and behavioral changes may helpful to reduce the neuroticism levels and prevent the development of frailty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical quality of solder joints plays an important role in determining the structural integrity of electronic interconnects. In this work, we study the annealing effects on the tensile deformation and microstructure of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) solder joints. The annealing temperature is in a range of 75 °C to 230 °C, which covers both liquid and solid states of SAC305 solder material. There are three intermetallic compounds (IMCs) of Ag 3 Sn, Cu 3 Sn and Cu 6 Sn 5 formed in the solder joints. The tensile strength of SAC305 solder joints decreases from 27.3 MPa to 18.9 MPa with the increase of the annealing temperature from 210 °C to 230 °C likely due to the decrease of the volume fractions of the IMC particles of Ag 3 Sn and Cu 6 Sn 5 and the dislocation density. The average sizes of the IMC particles of Ag 3 Sn and Cu 3 Sn in the solder joints annealed at a temperature higher than the melting temperature are greater than the corresponding ones in the solder joints annealed at a temperature below the melting temperature. • Annealing effects on SAC305 joint are investigated in both solid and liquid states. • Distribution of the IMC particle areas can be described by Weibull distribution function. • IMC grows faster with larger activation energy due to fast atomic migration at liquid state. • IMC layer thicknesses and particle areas increase as the annealing temperature increases. • Mechanical properties decrease as the volume fraction dispersed IMC particles decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to end-stage renal failure and cardiovascular events. An attribute to these progressions is abnormalities in inflammation, which can be evaluated using the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). We aimed to investigate the association of NLR with the progression of end stage of renal disease (ESRD), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in Chinese patients with stages 1-4 CKD.Methods: Patients with stages 1-4 CKD (18-74 years of age) were recruited at 39 centers in 28 cities across 22 provinces in China since 2011. A total of 938 patients with complete NLR and other relevant clinical variables were included in the current analysis. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the association between NLR and the outcomes including ESRD, CVD events or all-cause mortality.Results: Baseline NLR was related to age, hypertension, serum triglycerides, total serum cholesterol, CVD history, urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), hyperlipidemia rate, diabetes, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The study duration was 4.55 years (IQR 3.52-5.28). Cox regression analysis revealed an association of NLR and the risk of ESRD only in patients with stage 4 CKD. We did not observe any significant associations between abnormal NLR and the risk of either CVD or all-cause mortality in CKD patients in general and CKD patients grouped according to the disease stages in particular.Conclusion: Our results suggest that NLR is associated with the risk of ESRD in Chinese patients with stage 4 CKD. NLR can be used in risk assessment for ESRD among patients with advanced CKD; this application is appealing considering NLR being a routine test. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03041987. Registered January 1, 2012. (retrospectively registered) ( https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03041987?term=Chinese+Cohort+Study+of+Chronic+Kidney+Disease+%28C-STRIDE%29&rank=1 ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With advancements in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing technology, remote sensing images have emerged as a critical source of research data across various domains, including agriculture, forestry, and environmental research. UAVs fitted with diverse spectral sensors are capable of capturing diverse image modalities, presenting both challenges and opportunities for image semantic segmentation technology. Most existing semantic segmentation networks excel in processing images captured by visible light cameras and often fail to segment images captured by unmanned aerial vehicles under low-light conditions due to insufficient lighting, reduced visual clarity, high noise levels, and uneven illumination. Thermal infrared imaging sensors can capture thermal radiation information, which has the potential to improve segmentation accuracy when integrated with visible images. In this study, we introduce a novel semantic segmentation processing framework, which evaluates different fusing methods and fuses visible and thermal infrared images. The framework employs a lightweight deep learning model and is designed for accurate semantic segmentation on the fused images. Experiments are conducted on images collected in our unmanned aerial vehicle flight experiments and a public night-time dataset to assess the performance of our proposed approach. Experimental results show that our proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art performance in semantic segmentation tasks in low-light conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of machine learning models for productivity prediction in complex manufacturing systems has garnered significant attention. However, the implementation of conventional black-box machine learning models is challenging due to the complexity and limited data availability in aircraft final assembly lines. These challenges stem from a lack of explainability, leading to compromised accuracy and diminished trustworthiness. To address this issue, this paper proposes an explainable neural network model, the Attention-SP-LSTM-FIG, specifically designed for productivity prediction in aircraft final assembly lines. First, the serial-parallel LSTM is utilized to map the process sequence within each assembly station, and a customized attention mechanism maps the requirements of workers and materials. This process results in independent sub-models corresponding to each station. Subsequently, the outputs from each sub-model are combined using a specially-designed final integrated gate to produce the final output. Finally, a post-hoc analysis of the weight data in the model is performed following the backpropagation order to identify the various production bottlenecks in the assembly line. The performance of the proposed model has been evaluated through an industrial case study. In terms of accuracy, the Attention-SP-LSTM-FIG surpasses other benchmark neural network models in terms of error, correlation, and precision metrics. Regarding explainability, the Attention-SP-LSTM-FIG can precisely identify bottlenecks for practitioners, thus facilitating a better understanding of the rationale behind the model's outputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, non-noble metal catalysts such as Fe–N–C have received a lot of interest due to their excellent oxygen reduction (ORR) activity. However, the active sites of Fe–N–C still need to be further improved. Here, by adopting Lewis doping and double nitrogen source strategies to increase the density of accessible active sites, the catalyst exhibits excellent ORR activity. The ORR half-wave potential (E1/2) in 0.1 mol/L KOH solution can reach 0.92 V (vs. RHE), and the maximum power density of the Zn–air battery with Fe–N–C@MA-950 as the air electrode can reach 220 mW cm−2. The strategies provide a novel approach to the design of carbon-based catalysts for efficient energy conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] A thermal infrared (TIR) imager mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been widely used to obtain land surface temperature (LST) at very high-spatial resolutions. The TIR images are valuable for various applications, including mapping fine-scale surface evapotranspiration and monitoring crop water stress. However, UAV-borne uncooled TIR imagers generally suffer from temperature drift and temporal variation impact due to a long data acquisition period, significantly decreasing the initially acquired brightness temperature (BT) reliability and hindering subsequent applications. Here, a so-called DRAT (Digital number probability density function fitting and RAdiative Transfer simulation-based) method is proposed for simultaneously removing such temperature drift and temperature variation on the temporal scale. The DRAT is post-processing-based and only needs very few ground BT observations for calibration, thus significantly reducing dependence on auxiliary data. Test results show that the visual effect of the normalized TIR mosaics has been significantly improved, displaying more reasonable temperature distribution and good consistency with the land cover. The corrected BT has a root mean square error of 1.51 K and a mean bias error of 0.19 K by in situ data. The DRAT is valuable for obtaining high-accuracy LST and is feasible for other UAV uncooled TIR imagers with similar sensor structures and working principles. Therefore, it can significantly enhance the applicability of UAV TIR remote sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aircraft final assembly line is a highly labour-dependent manufacturing system, which leads to complexity and uncertainty. Random on-field disturbances mean that worker allocation is in an ever-changing state. Therefore, this article proposes a worker allocation optimization framework with efficiency and accuracy. First, an artificial neural network (ANN)-based model is developed as the alternative to simulation to evaluate worker allocations. Secondly, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II)-based algorithm and ANN-based alternative model are integrated to realize the optimization of worker allocation. Finally, an initial population generation method combining historical and randomly generated allocations is proposed to make full use of the domain knowledge in historical data. Based on a real case, the ANN-based alternative model shows a strong advantage over the simulation in terms of efficiency, with competitive accuracy as well. The experimental results also indicate that the proposed initial population generation method effectively improves the performance of the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The computer-aided design (CAD) models contain abundant domain knowledge, either structure, material, or process information. An efficient retrieval ability for these reusable design resources will provide designers invaluable support for efficient product development. With this goal, this paper proposed a novel CAD model retrieval framework based on correlation network and relevance ranking. First, a multi-layer network was constructed to express the high-level local correlation between CAD models. Then, the global shape comparison method is employed to determine the CAD models most similar to the query, called the relevant subset. Finally, the relevance ranking based on the Bayesian theory can be performed by analyzing the correlation between the relevant subset and other CAD models. The relevance probability determines which CAD model is the most relevant to the query, and the ranking list can be finally obtained. Experimental results and comparisons with state-of-the-art methods demonstrate the superiority and user-friendliness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetoelectric (ME) sensors are an important tool to detect weak magnetic fields in the industry; however, to date, there are no high-quality ME sensors available for high-temperature environments such as engines, deep underground, and outer space. Here, a 0.364BiScO3–0.636PbTiO3 piezoelectric ceramic and Terfenol-D alloy with a Curie temperature of 450 and 380 °C, respectively, were bonded together by an inorganic glue to achieve a high-temperature ME sensor. The ceramic shows a piezoelectric d33 coefficient of 780 pC/N at 420 °C, and the inorganic glue has a high maximum stress of 9.12 MPa even at 300 °C. As a result, the sensor exhibits the maximum ME coefficient αE of 2.008, ∼1.455, and ∼0.906 V cm−1 Oe−1 at 20, 200, and 350 °C, respectively. Most importantly, the magnetic field detecting precision is as small as 42 nT at 20–350 °C. The ME sensor provides an effective solution for the detection of weak magnetic fields in harsh environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most important cause of end-stage renal disease with a poorer prognosis and high economic burdens of medical treatments. It is of great research value and clinical significance to explore potential gene targets of renal tubulointerstitial lesions in DN. To properly identify key genes associated with tubulointerstitial injury of DN, we initially performed a weighted gene coexpression network analysis of the dataset to screen out two nonconserved gene modules (dark orange and dark red). The regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, p38MAPK cascade, and Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation were primarily included in Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of these two modules. Next, 199 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified via the limma package. Then, the GO annotation and KEGG pathways of the DEGs were primarily enriched in extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, epithelial cell migration, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and ECM-receptor interaction. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that in the DN group, the interaction of ECM-receptor, CAMs, the interaction of cytokine-cytokine receptor, and complement and coagulation cascade pathways were significantly activated. Eleven key genes, including ALB, ANXA1, ANXA2, C3, CCL2, CLU, EGF, FOS, PLG, TIMP1, and VCAM1, were selected by constructing a protein-protein interaction network, and expression validation, ECM-related pathways, and glomerular filtration rate correlation analysis were performed in the validated dataset. The upregulated expression of hub genes ANXA2 and FOS was verified by real-time quantitative PCR in HK-2 cells treated with high glucose. This study revealed potential regulatory mechanisms of renal tubulointerstitial damage and highlighted the crucial role of extracellular matrix in DN, which may promote the identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor β1) was considered to play a critical role in the forming of hypertrophic scars. Smad, as a kind of signal downstream mediators, can modulate the functions of TGF-β1. Smad7 can regulate TGF-β1/Smad pathway and present negative feedbacks, which prevents fibrosis mediated by TGF-β1. Nonetheless, the mechanisms related to Smad7 activity in regulating hypertrophic scarring are hardly known. The studies have shown that Smad7 decrease induced by the increase of Smurf2 (Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase of Smad7) ubiquitination degradation plays a part in fibrosis. We thus made a hypothesis that Smad7 could not inhibit TGF-β1 because Smurf2 ubiquitin degradation was increased in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. In our research, it was discovered that there was an increase in Smad7 mRNA levels but no increase in Smad7 protein levels in the fibroblasts of hypertrophic scars after TGF-β1 treatment. The ubiquitination activity and degradation of Smad7 protein were increased in the fibroblasts of hypertrophic scars compared with the fibroblasts of normal skin. Enhanced degradation of Smad7 protein in the fibroblasts of hypertrophic scars was prevented by proteasome inhibitors MG132 / MG115. Furthermore, it was found that TGF-β1 stimulation increased Smad7 protein expression after silencing Smurf2 gene in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts, and enhanced Smad7 degradation was prevented in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts after Smurf2 was silenced. It was implied that ubiquitin degradation mediated by Smurf2 might contribute to decreased Smad7 protein levels following TGF-β1 stimulation in the fibroblasts of hypertrophic scars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel humanized anti-HER2 antibody, RC48-ADC (Disitamab vedotin, DV), the combination of RC48-ADC with PD-1 inhibitors was used to treat muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). This combination therapy has potential applications in both bladder preservation and neoadjuvant therapy for MIBC. Patients with MIBC underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumors followed by RC48-ADC alone or in combination with PD-1 inhibitors. Radiological and endoscopic evaluations were conducted 3 months later. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR), with secondary endpoints including complete response rate (CR), partial response rate (PR), and bladder preservation rate. Treatment safety was assessed according to RECIST v1.1 criteria. Eleven patients were enrolled, with a median follow-up of 19.0 months. Nine patients achieved objective response, including 6 CR and 3 PR cases. The pathological ORR was 81.8%. Eight patients continued combined treatment after 3 months, maintaining a 72.7% bladder preservation rate at 16 months. One elderly patient progressed from ypT2N0M0 to ypT3N0M0 and underwent radical cystectomy but had no recurrence or metastasis 12 months postoperation. All patients reported varying degrees of treatment-related adverse reactions, which were largely manageable. The combination of RC48-ADC and PD-1 inhibitors proves to be a viable and safe option for bladder-sparing therapy, particularly for T2-stage MIBC patients who are ineligible for surgery and chemotherapy. This approach offers a promising new direction for bladder preservation or neoadjuvant therapy in MIBC patients. The measures of bladder protection in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) need to be improved. RC48-ADC is a new type of monoclonal antibody against HER2, which shows significant effect in advanced urothelial cancer, but is rarely used in nonmetastatic MIBC. We tried to combine RC48-ADC with PD-1 inhibitors for bladder preservation or neoadjuvant therapy for MIBC. The bladder retention rate of MIBC treated with RC48-ADC combined with PD-1 inhibitors could still reach 72.7% after 16 months. Other patients can be treated with radical cystectomy, which does not affect the prognosis. RC48-ADC combined with PD-1 inhibitors can be used as bladder-preserving therapy or neoadjuvant therapy for MIBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A CAD model retrieval method for detecting similar mechanical structures. • Designing a novel local feature descriptor allied to CAD models in B-Rep format. • Tiny difference comparison based on improved shape distribution algorithm. • Employing an indexing mechanism to accelerate the feature matching. The CAD model retrieval has played a significant role in various applications, including product development and knowledge mining. However, most existing retrieval methods compare 3D shape similarity from a global perspective, while detecting similar structures automatically for CAD models remains a challenging problem. Consequently, this study proposes a structure correspondence searching framework for CAD models to address the issues. According to the boundary representation (B-rep) information, the proposed method first segments a CAD model into a set of local features denoted as structural cells. Then, the descriptor of each structural cell is extracted using a weighted shape distribution vector and neighbor set. In order to speed up the matching of structural cells, an indexing and filtering mechanism is constructed based on the shape clustering and topological analysis. The matched structural cells determine the boundary of similar structures. Finally, similarity measurement is conducted to generate a ranking list by analyzing the quality of the matched structural cells. The rationality and efficiency of the proposed approach are demonstrated via an analysis of experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel composite membrane is prepared by incorporating the manganese dioxide (MnO 2) nanorod into sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) matrix to wrestle with the limitation of poor durability on the development of SPEEK membranes. In Fenton's solution, the start broken-up time of the composite membrane with only 2.5% MnO 2 loading, prepared by the solution-casting method, is about 4 times that of pure SPEEK membrane. This suggests that the MnO 2 addition effectively improves the durability of SPEEK membranes. In the passive direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) test, SPEEK-2.5% MnO 2 membrane exhibits the max power density of 24 mW cm−2 (at 8 M methanol and 25 °C) and better durability than pure SPEEK membrane, as well as the possibility of SPEEK-MnO 2 composite membrane for the fuel cell application. The addition of low-cost MnO 2 improved the stability of the SPEEK membrane, contributing to the promotion of its commercialization process. [Display omitted] • Formation of homogeneous composite membranes with various MnO 2 loadings. • Fenton's test shows MnO 2 introduction greatly improves the durability of SPEEK membrane. • Fuel cell test shows composite membrane effectively mitigates the decay of cells. • Composite membranes shows better thermal and dimensional stability than pure membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obtaining in-situ land surface temperature (LST) with thermal infrared or longwave radiometers for validating satellite LST, namely the radiation-based method, is one of the most widely used approaches. Due to the relatively short path lengths, the near-surface atmosphere contribution is generally ignored in radiation-based in-situ LST measuring for narrowband radiometers. However, it is necessary to investigate the influence for broadband radiometers. In this study, nine stations in China are selected to quantify the atmospheric influence. Furthermore, a correction method combining the Radiative Transfer Equation and Multi-Layer Meteorological Parameters (RTE-MLMP) is proposed to correct the influence on radiation-based in-situ LST. Results show that the influence follows diurnal patterns and seasonal differences. Depending on the station, ignoring the near-surface atmosphere influence can cause in-situ LST to be overestimated (underestimated) by up to 3.11 (1.21) K at nighttime (daytime). For the RTE-MLMP method, the key is to estimate the near-surface atmospheric transmittance (τ NS) and radiance (L NS) and to establish equations for each station. Results show that the mean and standard deviation (STD) of the error are both lower than 0.001 for the estimated τ NS , and lower than 0.1 W/m2 and 0.6 W/m2 for the estimated L NS , respectively. Then, the in-situ LST is corrected with the estimated τ NS and L NS. The resulting LST mean and STD of its error are both lower than 0.1 K, which is significantly lower than ignoring the near-surface atmospheric influence. Our further analysis suggests that single-layer meteorological parameters can only be used when the installation height difference between the meteorological sensor and the long-wave radiometer is within 3 m. Since the correction method relies on readily available meteorological data, further research should focus on the generalizable coefficients or strategy for atmospheric correction to enhance the accuracy of radiation-based in-situ measured LST. • Near-surface atmosphere causes large error on longwave radiation-based in-situ LST. • RTE-MLMP is proposed for correction of longwave radiation-based in-situ LST. • RTE-MLMP can obtain accurate in-situ LST. • RTE-MLMP has high potential for the validation of satellite LST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-healing polymers have been extensively studied, however, challenges remain in cooperating processability and functionality for practical applications. Here, we present a facile method to fabricate a nanocomposite by constructing intercoupling short hydrogen-bonding clusters between polyborosiloxane (PBS) and l -cystine modified MMT nanosheets (LMMT) to produce both weak entanglement and interfacial interaction. At ambient conditions, the resultant nanocomposite simultaneously achieves preferable rheological dynamics, short self-healing time and higher self-healing efficiency (∼99.48% in 10 min), remarkable barrier properties (water vapor permeability ∼4.74 × 10−11 g m/(m2·s·pa)) even after repeated damage-healing cycles, which overturns the previous understanding of conventional self-healing composites where self-healing, shapeability and high-barrier performances are mutually exclusive. Moreover, such nanostructure characterize enables the self-sealing ability applying in the substance-preserving function. This work provides fundamental insight for designing and developing multi-function materials for self-sealing packaging application. [Display omitted] • Facile preparation method of PBS/LMMT composite combined with room-temperature shapeability, self-healing and barrier properties. • Shorter hydrogen-bond cluster of LMMT results in improving a stable interfacial interaction and creating a weak entanglement. • The short layer spacing of LMMT endows the composites with room-temperature formability. • Providing a newly method and material of in-situ self-sealing for substance-preserving packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Novel perovskite ferroelectric nanofibres were synthesized by electrospinning. • A midgap of Ni 3d was the principal reason for the visible light response. • The electron transition mechanism are different under different light irradiation. • The hydrogen rate under visible light doubled after polarization. Novel perovskite ferroelectric (1- x)KNbO 3 - x Bi(Ni 1/2 Ti 1/2)O 3 nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning for the first time. The synthesized 0.99KNbO 3 -0.01Bi(Ni 1/2 Ti 1/2)O 3 nanofibers displayed the optimal photocatalytic activity with a hydrogen production rate of 0.57 μmol·h−1 for 20 mg under visible light radiation. By first principles calculations, a midgap of Ni 3d was formed between the O 2p states at the valence band maximum and the Nb 4d states at the conduction band minimum due to the addition of Bi(Ni 1/2 Ti 1/2)O 3 , which may be the principal reason for the visible light response in this work. In addition, the hydrogen production rate of polarized 0.99KNbO 3 -0.01Bi(Ni 1/2 Ti 1/2)O 3 nanofibers was twice as high as that of unpolarization under visible light irradiation, indicating that the internal dipole field can accelerate the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. This may provide a new viewpoint for improving the visible light response of perovskite-oxide ferroelectrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The marginal fault system along the NW Junggar Basin is a dextral strike-slip fault system. • This strike-slip fault system was active in the Late Permian and Late Triassic. • The activity of the fault system resulted in the tectonic inversion of the Mahu Depression. The marginal fault system, which is represented by the Hong–Che (Hongshanzui–Chepaizi), Ke–Bai (Karamay–Baikouquan), and Wu–Xia (Wuerhe–Xiazijie) sub-systems and developed in the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin, NW China, is a key factor affecting the development characteristics of the Permian–Triassic strata and controlling the hydrocarbon accumulation in the area. In this study, based on the latest two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic exploration data, regional geological background, and previous research results, the attributes and timing of this structural belt of the NW margin as well as the basin type related to it are clarified. The result shows that the above marginal fault system has dextral strike–slip features and is characterized by a high-angle master fault, branch faults, and short-axis plunging anticlines in an en échelon arrangement. The tectonic deformation is classified into two main periods: late Permian tectonic inversion and late Triassic reactivation. It is found that the late Permian tectonic inversion led to the migration of the depocenter in the Mahu Depression and was induced by the counterclockwise rotation of the Junggar block and West Junggar area relative to the western part of the Chingiz range in the late Paleozoic. The nose structures, fault blocks, and en échelon anticlines derived from the relevant thrust faulting and folding may account for the development of the main structural traps, which play an important role in the hydrocarbon accumulation in the NW margin of the Junggar Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Dynamic behaviour of SAC305 solder is investigated at high strain rates. • Strain rates up to 1758.1/s is performed by using SHPB technique. • Peak strength is enhanced first but deteriorates with the increase of strain rate. • Interesting transition of strength and microstructure is due to temperature rise. As resistance to drop impact is a standardized evaluation for consumer electronics, the dynamic behaviour of solder material is critical to ensure the prediction accuracy about damage and failure in solder joints using finite element analysis. In this paper, the dynamic constitutive behaviour of Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu (SAC305) lead-free solder is investigated at different strain rates from 733.8/s to 1758.1/s by using the split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) with the applied gas gun pressure increasing from 0.1 MPa to 0.5 MPa at room temperature. It is shown that the flow stress increases but the strain rate decreases with the increasing strain of a visco-plastic solder alloy. More importantly, it is found that the strain rate effect is pronounced and the peak strength is thus enhanced until the strain rate is up to 1172.9/s. Nevertheless, if the strain rate increases further, the peak strength deteriorates. Under such high strain rates, this interesting transition is speculated due to the temperature rise and the induced softening effect on material strength of the SAC305 solder with a relatively low melting point. This speculation is supported by the fact that compared with the solder samples under different strain rates, the microstructures of post-impact solder samples with degraded strengths are observed to be apparently different by using a scanning electron microscopy. A finer morphology of solder material results from the rapid cooling process after the transient temperature rise due to a high impact velocity. Lastly, the dynamic constitutive behaviour is further described in the framework of the strain rate dependent Johnson–Cook model and validated using finite element simulations. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-power piezoelectric ceramics typically operate under severe conditions. This makes the accurate evaluation of their high-power performances through pure quasi-static parameters challenging. The 0.94PbZr 0.5 Ti 0.5 O 3 - 0.06Pb(Mn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 + 0.005Fe 2 O 3 + 0.002Sc 2 O 3 (PZT-1) ceramic exhibits exceptional and reliable high-power performances at elevated temperatures and under loading conditions. While numerous PZT-based ceramics demonstrate excellent quasi-static parameters, only the PZT-1 ceramic displays superior high-field parameters, such as a low tan δ of 0.97% at 566 V/mm (1 kHz) and a large Q m of 1164 at 50 V/mm (100 kHz). Therefore, the PZT-1 ceramic demonstrates remarkably slow heat generation and the highest surface temperatures are only 41.8 °C at 50 V/mm (100 kHz). Moreover, the PZT-1 ceramic shows a minimal resonance frequency variation of -0.04% in the temperature range of 25-120 °C at 50 V/mm. Consequently, the PZT-1 ceramic maintains a high and reliable vibration velocity of 0.90 m/s at 120 °C for 30 min, and the ceramic cantilever sustains a high amplitude of 7 μm, significantly outperforming other ceramics. This study conclusively demonstrates that high-field parameters, rather than quasi-static parameters, are more effective in accurately estimating the high-power performances of ceramics.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a commonly used plastic additive. Since BPA has been banned in maternal and infant food containers in many countries, BPA substitutes have been widely introduced to replace it. By systematically assessing the potential developmental toxicity of BPA substitutes, we observed that the 41-150 nM in vivo BPC exposure (around the reported concentration detected in infant urine: 6-186 nM) induced cardiac defects in zebrafish. Mechanistically, BPC disrupted m 6 A homeostasis by downregulation of the key m 6 A methyltransferase, Mettl3, thereby causing the m 6 A reader, Igf2bp2b, to fail in recognizing and stabilizing the inefficiently m 6 A-modified acox1 and tnnt2d mRNA. Then, downregulation of Acox1 (a regulator in cardiac fatty acid metabolism) and Tnnt2d (a component of cardiac troponin for muscle contraction) led to cardiac defects. Indeed, the dual cardiac functional axes regulated by the same m 6 A reader in response to BPC provided new insight into the regulatory mechanisms of epitranscriptomics and cardiac development. Collectively, our study not only presented evidence showing that the internal exposure levels of BPC in humans could lead to cardiac developmental defects but also demonstrated the underlying mechanism of BPC-mediated defects by disrupting the Mettl3-m 6 A-Igf2bp2b-Acox1/Tnnt2d pathways, which provided potential molecular markers associated with BPC exposure.

This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).A total of 586 ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) over 65 years old between January 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into two groups by the optimal cutoff value of ALI. Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between ALI and the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, Cox survival analysis, and Kaplan Meier curves were used to assess the predictive value of ALI for MACEs.Spearman's nonparametric test revealed a moderate correlation between ALI and the GRACE (r: -0.417, P < 0.001). Time-dependent ROC curves showed that the area under the curve for ALI was 0.751 (95% CI, 0.699-0.798) in predicting MACEs, higher than Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (0.531, 95% CI 0.435-0.627) and Prognostic Nutritional Index (0.590, 95% CI 0.505-0.676), and for combined diagnostic models (ALI + GRACE) was 0.913, (95% CI 0.875 - 0.942, P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that ALI (HR: 0.974, 95% CI: 0.952-0.996, P = 0.017) was an independent risk factor for MACEs. Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed that the cumulative incidence of MACEs was significantly higher in elderly ACS patients with lower ALI (log-rank test, P < 0.001).ALI could be a nutrition-inflammation indicator with independent predictive value for long-term MACEs of elderly ACS patients after PCI.

Direct hydrogen production from inexhaustible seawater using abundant offshore wind power offers a promising pathway for achieving a sustainable energy industry and fuel economy. Various direct seawater electrolysis methods have been demonstrated to be effective at the laboratory scale. However, larger-scale in situ demonstrations that are completely free of corrosion and side reactions in fluctuating oceans are lacking. Here, fluctuating conditions of the ocean were considered for the first time, and seawater electrolysis in wave motion environment was achieved. We present the successful scaling of a floating seawater electrolysis system that employed wind power in Xinghua Bay and the integration of a 1.2 Nm 3  h -1 -scale pilot system. Stable electrolysis operation was achieved for over 240 h with an electrolytic energy consumption of 5 kWh Nm -3 H 2 and a high purity (>99.9%) of hydrogen under fluctuating ocean conditions (0~0.9 m wave height, 0~15 m s -1 wind speed), which is comparable to that during onshore water electrolysis. The concentration of impurity ions in the electrolyte was low and stable over a long period of time under complex and changing scenarios. We identified the technological challenges and performances of the key system components and examined the future outlook for this emerging technology., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Coagulation alterations manifest early after severe burns and are closely linked to mortality outcomes. Nevertheless, the precise characterization of coagulation changes associated with early mortality remains elusive. We examined alterations in indicators linked to mortality outcomes at both the transcriptomic and clinical characteristic levels. At the transcriptomic level, we pinpointed 28 differentially expressed coagulation-related genes (DECRGs) following burn injuries and endeavored to validate their causal relationships through Mendelian randomization. DECRGs tied to survival exhibit a significant association with neutrophil function, wherein the expression of CYP4F2 and P2RX1 serves as robust predictors of fatal outcomes. In terms of clinical indicators, early levels of D-dimer and alterations in serum calcium show a strong correlation with mortality outcomes. Coagulation depletion and fibrinolytic activation, stemming from the hyperactivation of coagulation pathways post-severe burns, are strongly linked to patient mortality. Monitoring these early coagulation markers with predictive value can effectively identify individuals necessitating priority critical care., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Abnormal activation of the oncogene YAP in the Hippo pathway is a major feature in liver cancer and inactivation of MST1/2 has been shown to be responsible for the overactivation of YAP that led to tumorigenesis. However, mechanisms underlying MST1/2 dysregulation remain poorly understood. RNA-seq analysis and genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were used to identify genes and pathways that were regulated by SIRT7. qRT-PCR, ChIP, and luciferase assay were used to investigate transcriptional regulation. Mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation and immunoprecipitation were used to exam protein-protein interaction and post-transcriptional modification. A xenograft mouse model was used to confirm the effect of SIRT7 and SIRT7 inhibitors on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) proliferation in vivo. We found that SIRT7 suppresses MST1 by both transcriptional regulation and post-transcriptional modification, which in turn promotes YAP nuclear localization and transcriptional activation in liver cancer. Mechanistically, we revealed that SIRT7 suppresses MST1 transcription by binding to the MST1 promoter and inducing H3K18 deacetylation in its promoter region. In addition, SIRT7 directly binds to and deacetylates MST1, which primes acetylation-dependent MST1 ubiquitination and protein degradation. In clinical samples, we confirmed a negative correlation between SIRT7 and MST1 protein levels, and high SIRT7 expression correlated with elevated YAP expression and nuclear localization. In addition, SIRT7 specific inhibitor 2800Z sufficiently inhibited HCC growth by disrupting the SIRT7/MST1/YAP axis. Our data thus revealed the previously undescribed function of SIRT7 in regulating the Hippo pathway in HCC and further proved that targeting SIRT7 might provide novel therapeutic options for the treatment of liver cancer., (© 2024 The Authors. Cancer Science published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association.)

Local feature description of point clouds is essential in 3D computer vision. However, many local feature descriptors for point clouds struggle with inadequate robustness, excessive dimensionality, and poor computational efficiency. To address these issues, we propose a novel descriptor based on Planar Projection Contours, characterized by convex packet contour information. We construct the Local Reference Frame (LRF) through covariance analysis of the query point and its neighboring points. Neighboring points are projected onto three orthogonal planes defined by the LRF. These projection points on the planes are fitted into convex hull contours and encoded as local features. These planar features are then concatenated to create the Planar Projection Contour (PPC) descriptor. We evaluated the performance of the PPC descriptor against classical descriptors using the B3R, UWAOR, and Kinect datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the PPC descriptor achieves an accuracy exceeding 80% across all recall levels, even under high-noise and point density variation conditions, underscoring its effectiveness and robustness.

Ferroptosis, as a novel regulable cell death, is characterized by iron overload, glutathione depletion, and an accumulation of lipid peroxides. Recently, it has been discovered that ferroptosis is involved in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and plays a crucial role in renal tubular cell death. In this study, we tried to investigate the effect and mechanism of liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1) in I/R-induced AKI and seek the key regulator of ferroptosis in I/R-induced AKI. Mice were administrated with clamping bilateral renal pedicles for 30 min. We found that early growth response 1 (EGR1) might be a key regulator of ferroptosis, and Lip-1 could suppress ferroptosis via EGR1. Meanwhile, Lip-1 could reduce macrophage recruitment and the release of inflammatory cytokines. These findings indicated that Lip-1 alleviated I/R-induced AKI via regulating EGR1, and it might pave the theoretical basis of a new therapeutic strategy for I/R-induced AKI.

Kidney injury and repair are accompanied by significant disruptions in metabolic pathways, leading to renal cell dysfunction and further contributing to the progression of renal pathology. This review outlines the complex involvement of various energy production pathways in glucose, lipid, amino acid, and ketone body metabolism within the kidney. We provide a comprehensive summary of the aberrant regulation of these metabolic pathways in kidney injury and repair. After acute kidney injury (AKI), there is notable mitochondrial damage and oxygen/nutrient deprivation, leading to reduced activity in glycolysis and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Additionally, disruptions occur in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), amino acid metabolism, and the supply of ketone bodies. The subsequent kidney repair phase is characterized by a metabolic shift toward glycolysis, along with decreased fatty acid β-oxidation and continued disturbances in amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, the impact of metabolism dysfunction on renal cell injury, regeneration, and the development of renal fibrosis is analyzed. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic strategies by targeting renal metabolic regulation to ameliorate kidney injury and fibrosis and promote kidney repair., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Tang and Wei.)

Bladder cancer (BC), as one of the main urological cancers in the world, possesses the abilities of multiple-drug resistance and metastasis. However, there remains a significant gap in the understanding and advancement of prognosis and therapeutic strategies for BC. Ferroptosis, a novel type of iron-dependent regulated cell death, depends on lipid peroxidation, which has been proven to have a strong correlation with the development and treatment of BC. Its mechanism mainly includes three pathways, namely, lipid peroxidation, the antioxidant system, and the iron overload pathway. In this review, we reviewed the mechanism of ferroptosis, along with the related therapeutic targets and drugs for BC, as it might become a new anticancer treatment in the future.

Renal cancer is a common malignancy of the urinary system, and renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC) is the most common pathological type. Transmembrane channel-like (TMC) protein is an evolutionarily conserved gene family containing 8 members, however there is still a lack of comprehensive analysis about TMC family members in RCCC. In this study, we analyzed the expression of TMC family members in RCCC from TCGA and investigated the prognosis values and immune infiltration of TMC family members in RCCC. We found that TMC2, TMC3, TMC5, TMC7 and TMC8 were significantly related with overall survival (OS) of RCCC patients. TMC3, TMC6, and TMC8 was positively correlated with the degree of immune infiltration in RCCC. TMC2, TMC6, TMC7, and TMC8 were positively correlated with immune checkpoint genes, whereas TMC4 was negative. According to KEGG and GO analysis, almost all TMCs except TMC4 were involved in the immune response. Thus, we may regard the TMC family members as novel biomarkers to predict potential prognosis and immunotherapeutic response in RCCC patients., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Long-term alcohol use is a confirmed risk factor of liver cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. Multiple mechanisms responsible for alcohol related tumorigenesis have been proposed, including toxic reactive metabolite production, oxidative stress and fat accumulation. However, mechanisms underlying alcohol-mediated liver cancer metastasis remain largely unknown. We have previously demonstrated that SIRT7 regulates chemosensitivity by altering a p53-dependent pathway in human HCC. In the current study, we further revealed that SIRT7 is a critical factor in promoting liver cancer metastasis. SIRT7 expression is associated with disease stage and high SIRT7 predicts worse overall and disease-free survival. Overexpression of SIRT7 promotes HCC cell migration and EMT while knockdown of SIRT7 showed opposite effects. Mechanistically, we found that SIRT7 suppresses E-Cadherin expression through FOXO3-dependent promoter binding and H3K18 deacetylation. Knockdown of FOXO3 abolished the suppressive effect of SIRT7 on E-cadherin transcription. More importantly, we identified that alcohol treatment upregulates SIRT7 and suppresses E-cadherin expression via a CYP2E/ROS axis in hepatocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Antioxidant treatment in primary hepatocyte or CYP2E1 -/- mice fed with alcohol impaired those effects. Reducing SIRT7 activity completely abolished alcohol-mediated promotion of liver cancer metastasis in vivo. Taken together, our data reveal that SIRT7 is a pivotal regulator of alcohol-mediated HCC metastasis., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)

Irinotecan is the first line chemotherapy drug used for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer worldwide. There is increasing evidence suggesting that liver damage, including steatosis and steatohepatitis, can be caused during the treatment involving irinotecan. However, molecular mechanisms by which irinotecan-induced liver injury remain elusive. In this study, we found that irinotecan treatment caused significant elevation of ALT, inflammation, and fat accumulation in the liver, which are associated with hepatic macrophage activation. Depletion of macrophages by clodronate liposome improved irinotecan induced liver injury and inflammatory response in mice. In vitro data indicated that irinotecan induced intracellular ROS production in primary hepatocyte and upregulating of toll-like receptor (TLRs) family expression in macrophages. Supernatant from irinotecan treated hepatocyte triggered macrophage activation and upregulation of TLRs in macrophage, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) abolished these effects. By using co-culture system, we further revealed that irinotecan activated macrophage induced impairment of lipid metabolism and promoted apoptosis in hepatocyte and NAC prevented macrophage-induced cell death and partially revered impaired lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. By using the irinotecan liver injury model, we demonstrated that combining NAC with irinotecan prevented irinotecan-induced macrophage activation, TLR upregulation, liver injury, and partially prevented the accumulation of triglycerides in liver. Our results thus indicated that macrophages play a critical role in irinotecan-induced liver injury, and targeting ROS provides new options for development of hepatoprotective drugs in clinical practice.

TOPK/PBK (T-LAK Cell-Originated Protein Kinase) is a serine/threonine kinase that is highly expressed in a variety of human tumors and is associated with poor prognosis in many types of human malignancies. Its activation mechanism is not yet fully understood. A bidirectional signal transduced between TOPK and ERK2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2) has been reported, with ERK2 able to phosphorylate TOPK at the Thr9 residue. However, mutated TOPK at Thr9 cannot repress cellular transformation. In the present study, Ser32 was revealed to be a novel phosphorylated site on TOPK that could be activated by ERK2. Phospho-TOPK (S32) was found to be involved in the resistance of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to sorafenib. Herein, combined a TOPK inhibitor with sorafenib could promoted the apoptosis of sorafenib-resistant RCC. High expression of HGF/c-met contributes to activation of p-TOPK (S32) during the development of sorafenib resistance in RCC. The current research presents a possible mechanism of sorafenib resistance in RCC and identifies a potential diagnostic marker for predicting sorafenib resistance in RCC, providing a valuable supplement for the clinically targeted treatment of advanced RCC., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a rare, difficult-to-treat type of smooth muscle tumor that originates from the uterine myoma. However, its clinical characteristics, management, and prognosis are not clearly understood. Moreover, the 2 different methods used to diagnose IVL-incidental and nonincidental-result in completely different treatments., Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective study. Our real-life case series included patients pathologically diagnosed with IVL between July 2011 and December 2020. All patients with IVL were divided into 2 groups: an incidental group and a nonincidental group. Medical records of patients, including clinical characteristics, primary treatment, treatment after recurrence, and prognosis, were reviewed., Results: A total of 39 patients were included in the study, with a median patient age of 47 years. Of the 39 cases, 15 (38.5%) were incidentally diagnosed with only intrapelvic tumors. Among the 24 patients with IVL in the nonincidental group, tumor spread in the inferior vena cava, right heart, and pulmonary artery was identified in 4, 17, and 3 patients, respectively. The most common symptoms were abnormal uterine bleeding in the incidental group and chest distress and dyspnea in the nonincidental group. Among the 15 patients in the incidental group, ovary-preserving surgery was performed in 6 young women (≤40 years old), of whom 3 underwent myomectomy. All 24 patients with IVL in the nonincidental group underwent thrombectomy without uterine or ovary preservation by multidisciplinary surgical treatment. Only 1 patient in each group underwent postoperative adjuvant therapy. During the median follow-up of 36.0 months, recurrence was recorded in 5 (12.8%) cases in the incidental group, with no deaths recorded. Only 1 patient was lost to follow-up. No recurrence was noted in the cases in the nonincidental group. Among the 5 patients who experienced recurrence, 4 received secondary surgical treatment and 1 received hormone therapy. All patients were alive as of this report., Conclusions: Patients with IVL who are diagnosed incidentally have a higher recurrence risk than those who are diagnosed nonincidentally and undergo complete tumor resection. However, patients incidentally diagnosed with IVL can still experience long disease-free survival rates following secondary surgical treatment after recurrence., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://atm.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/atm-21-5376/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2022 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.)

Background: Epidemiological evidence of the association of long-term ambient fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm; PM 2.5 ) exposure with resting heart rate is limited. We explored the association of long-term (3-year average) ambient PM 2.5 exposure with tachycardia and resting heart rate., Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed 10,427,948 reproductive-age (20-49 years) adults across China in 2015. Tachycardia was classified as a resting heart rate of >80 beats per minute (bpm). The annual average ambient PM 2.5 concentrations were obtained from a hybrid satellite-based geophysical statistical model. Linear mixed models and mixed effects logistic regressions adjusted for potential confounding were performed to explore the associations of PM 2.5 with resting heart rate and PM 2.5 with tachycardia, respectively. The effect modifiers by sex, age, body mass index, urbanity, race, region, smoking status, and drinking status were also assessed. Attributable cases and population fraction were estimated according to the PM 2.5 - tachycardia relationship., Results: The mean age was 28 years, and 16.3% of the participants had tachycardia. The odds ratio for tachycardia was 1.018 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.017, 1.020) per 10 μg/m 3 increase in the 3-year average PM 2.5 exposure. A 10 μg/m 3 increase in the 3-year average ambient PM 2.5 level was associated with a 0.076 (95% CI: 0.073, 0.079) bpm elevation in the resting heart rate. Of the tachycardia burden, 4.0% (95% CI: 3.8%, 4.3%) could be attributed to ambient PM 2.5 exposure in Chinese reproductive-age adults., Conclusions: Exposures to ambient PM 2.5 were associated with elevated resting heart rate. It might be possible to decrease China's avoidable tachycardia burden in reproductive-age adults through decreasing PM 2.5 levels., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Main Conclusion: Fine mapping of wheat powdery mildew-resistance gene Pm4e to a 0.19 cM interval with sequence-based markers provides the foundation for map-based cloning and marker-assisted selection with breeder-friendly markers. Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is a wheat foliar disease that poses a serious threat to global wheat production. Pm4 is a resistance gene locus that has played a key role in controlling this disease in wheat production and a few resistance alleles of this locus have been identified. We have previously mapped the Pm4e allele to a 6.7 cM interval on chromosome 2AL. In this study, Pm4e was delimited to a 0.19 cM interval flanked by Xwgrc763 and Xwgrc865, through employment of a larger segregating population, derived from the cross of resistant parent D29 with susceptible parent Yangmai 158 (Y158), and enrichment of the genetic interval with markers developed on Chinese Spring (C.S.) survey sequence. In this interval, Pm4e co-segregated with a few markers, some of which were either D29-dominant or Y158-dominant, implying great sequence variation in the interval between D29 and Y158. Most of these co-segregation markers could not differentiate the Pm4 alleles from each other. Survey of 55 wheat cultivars with four co-dominant markers showed that the Pm4e-co-segregating loci always co-exist. Annotation of the Pm4e interval-corresponding C.S. sequence revealed more than a dozen resistance gene analogs clustered in a 2.4 Mb region, although C.S. is susceptible to the Pm4e-avirulent isolate Bgt2. This study has established the foundation for map-based cloning of Pm4e. Moreover, some of the co-dominant markers developed in this study could help in marker-assisted transfer of Pm4e into elite cultivars.

Objective: To explore the DNA repair effect of rat adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on chond-rocytes exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation., Methods: ADSCs were isolated and cultured from the inguinal adipose tissue of Sprague Dawley rat by digestion with collagenase type I. ADSCs cell phenotype was assayed with flow cytometry. Multiple differentiation capability of ADSCs at passage 3 was identified with osteogenic and adipogenic induction. The chondrocytes were obtained from rat articular cartilage by digestion with collagenase type II and were identified with toluidine blue staining. The chondrocytes at passage 3 were irradiated with 40 J/m 2 UV and cultured with normal medium (irradiated group), and medium containing the ADSCs supernatant (ADSCs supernatant group) or ADSCs was used for co-culture (ADSCs group) for 24 hours; no irradiation chondrocytes served as control group. The cell proliferation was estimated by MTS method. The expression of phosphorylated histone family 2A variant (γH2AX) was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot., Results: ADSCs presented CD29(+), CD44(+), CD106(-), and CD34(-); and results of the alizarin red staining and oil red O staining were positive after osteogenic and adipogenic induction. Cell proliferation assay demonstrated the absorbance ( A ) values were 2.20±0.10 (control group), 1.34±0.04 (irradiated group), and 1.57±0.06 (ADSCs supernatant group), showing significant difference between groups ( P <0.05). Immunofluorescence and Western blot showed that the γH2AX protein expression was significantly increased in irradiated group, ADSCs supernatant group, and ADSCs group when compared with control group ( P <0.05), and the expression was significantly decreased in ADSCs supernatant group and ADSCs group when compared with irradiated group ( P <0.05), but no significant difference was found between ADSCs supernatant group and ADSCs group ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: ADSCs can increase the cell proliferation and down-regulate the γH2AX protein expression of irradiated cells, indicating ADSCs contribute to the repair of irradiated chondrocyte.

BRCA1/2 are cancer predisposition genes involved in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). Mutation carriers display an increased sensitivity to inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Despite a number of small-size hospital-based studies being previously reported, there is not yet, to our knowledge, precise data of BRCA1/2 mutations among Chinese ovarian cancer patients. We performed a multicenter cohort study including 916 unselected consecutive epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients from eastern China to screen for BRCA1/2 mutations using the next-generation sequencing approach. A total of 153 EOC patients were found to carry pathogenic germline mutations in BRCA1/2, accounting for an overall mutation incidence of 16.7% with the predominance in BRCA1 (13.1%) compared with BRCA2 (3.9%). We identified 53 novel pathogenic mutations, among which the c.283&#95;286delCTTG and the c.4573C > T of BRCA1 were both found in two unrelated patients. More importantly, the most common mutation found in this study, c.5470&#95;5477del8 was most likely to be Chinese population-related without an apparent founder origin. This hot-spot mutation was presumably associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. Taken together, germline BRCA1/2 mutations were common in Chinese EOC patients with distinct mutational spectrum compared to Western populations. Our study contributes to the current understanding of BRCA1/2 mutation prevalence worldwide. We recommend BRCA1/2 genetic testing to all Chinese women diagnosed with EOC to identify HBOC families, to provide genetic counseling and clinical management for at-risk relatives. Mutation carriers may also benefit from PARP-targeted therapies., (© 2017 UICC.)