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Objective Plant diseases are one of the major limitations in agricultural production. Citrus blast disease is one of the most common diseases in citrus producing regions of the world, with the exception of tropical regions. Plants respond to bacterial pathogens by activating genes encoding defense proteins. One of the defense mechanisms of plants against pathogens is the accumulation of Pathogenesis related proteins associated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of several defense genes against Pseudomonas viridiflava after treatment of seedlings with Salicylic acid and Jasmonic acid. Materials and methods The expression levels of PR1, PR2, PR3, PR4, PR5, POX, LOX pathogenesis related and PAL genes in the early stages of citrus blast disease in Citrus aurantium were assessed using RT-PCR. In this study, UBI gene was used as a housekeeping gene. The total RNA of the samples was extracted and after cDNA synthesis, the expression level changes of the declared genes were calculated and measured using the formula 2 - (ΔΔCT). Results Increased expression of PR1, PR2, PR3, PR4, PR5, POX, LOX Pathogenesis related and PAL genes in the early stages of citrus blast disease in sour orange mostly occurred at 24 and 48 hours after challenging with the citrus blast causal agent P. viridiflava. Conclusions The results of this study was showed that salicylic acid treatment had a greater effect on the expression of PR1, PR2, PAL, POX and PR5 genes than jasmonic acid and jasmonic acid treatment was showed a greater effect on the induction of PR4, PR3 and LOX genes than salicylic acid. Furthermore, the expression of PR1, PR2, LOX, PR4, PAL and PR5 genes peaked in 24 hours after infection in sour orange plant by both treatments and it seems that these mentioned inducer of resistance genes involved in citrus blast disease resistance in host plant

In this work, UiO-66-NH2/GO nanocomposite was prepared using a simple solvothermal technique, and its structure and morphology were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). An enhanced electrochemical sensor for the detection of epirubicin (EP) was proposed, which utilized a UiO-66-NH2/GO nanocomposite-modified screen-printed graphite electrode (UiO-66-NH2/GO/SPGE). The prepared UiO-66-NH2/GO nanocomposite improved the electrochemical performance of the SPGE towards the redox reaction of EP. Under optimized experimental conditions, this sensor demonstrates a remarkable limit of detection (LOD) of 0.003 µM and a linear dynamic range from 0.008 to 200.0 µM, providing a highly capable platform for sensing EP. Furthermore, the simultaneous electro-catalytic oxidation of EP and topotecan (TP) was investigated at the UiO-66-NH2/GO/SPGE surface utilizing differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). DPV measurements revealed the presence of two distinct oxidation peaks of EP and TP, with a peak potential separation of 200 mV. Finally, the UiO-66-NH2/GO/SPGE sensor was successfully utilized for the quantitative analysis of EP and TP in pharmaceutical injection, yielding highly satisfactory results.

Acute kidney injury is a common complication following cardiac surgery (CSA-AKI). Serum creatinine levels require a minimum of 24–48 h to indicate renal injury. Nevertheless, early diagnosis remains critical for improving patient outcomes. A PRISMA-compliant systematic review of the PubMed and CENTRAL databases was performed to assess the role of Klotho as a predictive biomarker for CSA-AKI (end-of-search date: 17 February 2024). An evidence quality assessment of the four included studies was performed with the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Among the 234 patients studied, 119 (50.8%) developed CSA-AKI postoperatively. Serum Klotho levels above 120 U/L immediately postoperatively correlated with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.806 and 90% sensitivity. Additionally, a postoperative serum creatinine to Klotho ratio above 0.695 showed 94.7% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity, with an AUC of 92.4%, maintaining its prognostic validity for up to three days. Urinary Klotho immunoreactivity was better maintained in samples obtained via direct catheterization rather than indwelling catheter collection bags. Storage at −80 °C was necessary for delayed testing. Optimal timing for both serum and urine Klotho measurements was from the end of cardiopulmonary bypass to the time of the first ICU lab tests. In conclusion, Klotho could be a promising biomarker for the early diagnosis of CSA-AKI. Standardization of measurement protocols and larger studies are needed to validate these findings.

The skin is a dynamic organ with a complex immune network critical for maintaining balance and defending against various pathogens. Different types of cells in the skin, such as mast cells (MCs) and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), contribute to immune regulation and play essential roles in the early immune response to various triggers, including allergens. It is beneficial to dissect cell-to-cell interactions in the skin to elucidate the mechanisms underlying skin immunity. The current manuscript concentrates explicitly on the communication pathways between MCs and ILC2s in the skin, highlighting their ability to regulate immune responses, inflammation, and tissue repair. Furthermore, it discusses how the interactions between MCs and ILC2s play a crucial role in various skin conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, dermatological disorders, and allergic reactions. Understanding the complex interactions between MCs and ILC2s in different skin conditions is crucial to developing targeted treatments for related disorders. The discovery of shared pathways could pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions to restore immunological balance in diseased skin tissues.