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Although Wingless (Wg)/Wnt signaling has been implicated in heart development of multiple organisms, conflicting results have been reported regarding the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cardiac myogenesis: Wg/armadillo signaling promotes heart development in Drosophila , whereas activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibits heart formation in avians and amphibians. Using an in vitro system of mouse ES cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes, we show here that Wnt/β-catenin signaling exhibits developmental stage-specific, biphasic, and antagonistic effects on cardiomyogenesis and hematopoiesis/vasculogenesis. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the early phase during embryoid body (EB) formation enhances ES cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes while suppressing the differentiation into hematopoietic and vascular cell lineages. In contrast, activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the late phase after EB formation inhibits cardiomyocyte differentiation and enhances the expression of hematopoietic/vascular marker genes through suppression of bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Thus, Wnt/β-catenin signaling exhibits biphasic and antagonistic effects on cardiomyogenesis and hematopoiesis/vasculogenesis, depending on the stage of development.

Sub-TeV gamma-ray emission from the North-West rim of the supernova remnant RX J0852.0$-$4622 was detected with the CANGAROO-II telescope and recently confirmed by the H.E.S.S. group. In addition, the H.E.S.S. data revealed a very wide (up to two degrees in diameter), shell-like profile of the gamma-ray emission. We have carried out CANGAROO-III observations in January and February 2005 with three telescopes and show here the results of three-fold coincidence data. We confirm the H.E.S.S. results about the morphology and the energy spectrum, and find the energy spectrum in the NW-rim is consistent with that of the whole remnant., 9 pages, 13 figures, to appear in ApJ

The differential cross sections of the 16O(p,d) reaction populating the ground state and several low-lying excited states in 15O were measured using 198-, 295- and 392-MeV proton beams at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, to study the effect of the tensor interactions in 16O. Dividing the cross sections for each excited state by the one for the ground state and comparing the ratios over a wide range of momentum transfer, we found a marked enhancement of the ratio for the positive-parity state(s). The observation is consistent with large components of high-momentum neutrons in the ground-state configurations of 16O due possibly to the tensor interactions.

We made stereoscopic observations of the Vela Pulsar region with two of the 10 m diameter CANGAROO-III imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes in January and February, 2004, in a search for sub-TeV gamma-rays from the pulsar and surrounding regions. We describe the observations, provide a detailed account of the calibration methods, and introduce the improved and bias-free analysis techniques employed for CANGAROO-III data. No evidence of gamma-ray emission is found from either the pulsar position or the previously reported position offset by 0.13 degree, and the resulting upper limits are a factor of five less than the previously reported flux from observations with the CANGAROO-I 3.8 m telescope. Following the recent report by the H.E.S.S. group of TeV gamma-ray emission from the Pulsar Wind Nebula, which is $\sim$0.5 degree south of the pulsar position, we examined this region and found supporting evidence for emission extended over $\sim$0.6 degree., 13 pages, 26 figures, emulateapj.cls, to appear in ApJ

We have recently reported that activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a critical role in the early stage of cardiomyocyte differentiation of P19CL6 cells. We here examined molecular mechanisms of how PI3K is involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation. DNA chip analysis revealed that expression levels of Wnt-3a were markedly increased and that the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway was activated temporally during the early stage of cardiomyocyte differentiation of P19CL6 cells. Activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway during this period was required and sufficient for cardiomyocyte differentiation of P19CL6 cells. Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway suppressed the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway by activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) and degradation of beta-catenin. Suppression of cardiomyocyte differentiation by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway was rescued by forced expression of a nonphosphorylated, constitutively active form of beta-catenin. These results suggest that the PI3K pathway regulates cardiomyocyte differentiation through suppressing the GSK-3beta activity and maintaining the Wnt/beta-catenin activity.

The PSR1259‐63/SS2883 binary system consists of a Be star and a radio pulsar in a highly eccentric orbit. We discuss on very‐high energy and high energy emissions from the particles accelerated in the Be star flows, due to the interactions of the relativistic pulsar wind and mass outflows of the star. The outflow parameters are constrained by the TeV observation results.

This paper presents the design of optimized RESURF Extend Drain MOSFET (EDMOS) for 40 V applications. The EDMOS devices are compatible with a standard 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process. Breakdown voltages of 41 V for n-channel with a specific on-resistance of 0.43 m/spl Omega/cm/sup 2/ and a 47 V p-channel with a specific on-resistance of 1.41 m/spl Omega/cm/sup 2/ are realized without compromising the performance of standard components in the CMOS technology.

A high-performance. low-cost, and highly reliable multichip module (MCM) was developed. It is composed of a MPU and a synchronous DRAM [i.e., wafer process packages (WPPs)] on a substrate, To reduce the cost of the MCM, a low-cost FR-4 base is used a substrate on which the WPPs are mounted. Since the mismatch between the thermal expansion coefficients (TEC) of the MPU and DRAM chips and the substrate increases, thermal deformation due to the mismatch may cause cracking of the chip or decrease the life of the solder joints between the MCM and a FR-4 base motherboard. To minimize the stress caused by thermal deformation in the MCM and, thus, to improve its reliability, the structure of the MCM was therefore optimized by finite element analysis (FEA). The FEA results show that thermal stresses in both the chips and the solder bumps are a function of the ratio of chip thickness (tc) and substrate thickness (ts), i.e., tclts, and these stresses decrease when tclts is decreased. Furthermore, thermal-cycling test results show that MCM reliability is assured when tclts is 0.5 or less. A MCM with tclts of 0.4, including a margin of safety, was developed. It was found that the life of this MCM is over 1000 cycles (no chip cracking and no solder joint failure) under thermal-cycling between -55°C and 125°C.

著者人数: 46名, Accepted: 2004-02-16, 資料番号: SA1003381000

It is considered that the studies of the influence of molecular structure on the propagation of the prebreakdown phenomena in dielectric liquids are of great importance to comprehend the breakdown mechanism. In the present paper, the propagation processes of prebreakdown phenomena in straight-chain hydrocarbon liquids having different molecular structure are observed and investigated in detail for positive and negative point polarities in a point-plane geometry under application of an impulse voltage, by using a high speed schlieren system and a LED current measurement system simultaneously.

This paper deals with an operational assistance system of a rough terrain crane. A proper control rule to operate the payload in the straight-line motion is proposed. The system assists straight-line operation with force display based on the rule. The strength of assistance can be adapted to operator's skill level by changing the gain of force display. We present some experiments on a crane simulator, and show the effectiveness of the proposed operational assistance system.

The straight-line transfer of a payload is a difficult operation with a rough terrain crane, because the operation needs a high-level operational technique with multiple levers. Thus we propose a control rule to assist the straight-line operation. We propose an operational assistance method with force display based on this rule. The system can adapt the strength of assistance to the operator's state using recursive fuzzy inference. Some experiments on a crane simulator are performed and show the effectiveness of the proposed system.

We constructed the agent-oriented virtual society (3D virtual multi-user world) PAW over the Internet. There are many autonomous agents acting with users in PAW. PAW was available on the Internet for about 6 months and gathered 30,000 registered users.

The authors consider a realization method on intelligent interface which is comfortable and useful for both beginners and experts to carry out a given task. They show the concept of the adaptive interface and the realization method based on user's skill level and evaluation of human impatience/uncomfortableness. >

In the design of a machine which adapts to the user by considering personal differences, this paper considers the interactive relationship that both user and machine employ to try to adapt to each other. This relationship is called the 'interactive adaptation'. The interactive adaptive interface (IAI/F) is an intelligent interface which is designed under consideration of the interactive adaptation. This interface changes the characteristics of the system according to the given task, considering the states of the user, such as skill level, technique, characteristics, physical condition, etc. A design and realization method for the IAI/F which is based on recursive fuzzy reasoning is proposed. As an application example, a virtual reality simulation game is presented and the IAI/F based on the user's performance and the skin potential reflex (G.S.R.) is applied. The authors present the system, considering the interactive adaptation and show some experimental results and statistical evaluation results to discuss its effectiveness. >

Communication networks have been developing rapidly. This network enables one to realize long distance communication in real time using sounds, pictures, movies, computer data, etc. We report a multimedia tele-operation of a crane system, by an interactive adaptation interface. The proposed system has "multimodal display" which provides various kinds of information such as force, visual, and acoustic information. The interactive adaptation interface can adapt the system to an operator considering his/her skill or knowledge, and psychology. The psychology can be inferred from bionic signals. We made a crane simulator based on the proposed system. We performed some operational experiments on this simulator, and confirmed effectiveness of the proposed crane operational assistance system.

In this paper, a new method for detecting underinflated tires of a vehicle and a pneumatic monitor based on this method are proposed. Most of the monitors available are of the air pressure switch type and of the loaded radius type. However, the former is higher in manufacturing cost, and the latter has difficulty in detecting natural leaks causing all tires to be underinflated. In the new method, the variation of the tire stiffness which depends on the pressure is estimated by using a disturbance observer. This method is realized in lower cost because it needs only wheel speed sensors already provided for anti-lock brake system (ABS), and also can detect underinflated tires in every situation such as a puncture and natural leaks. The monitor is installed on a vehicle and its performance is confirmed by experiments.

It is important to assist doctors in operating the (active) catheter in complex and narrow brain blood vessels aiming at the minimum invasive surgery. We propose the concept of the intelligent medical assistance system for the operation of the active catheter. To realize the system we built a prototype of a basic system consisting of a joy-stick and a 3D computer graphics display. The joystick is used for the command input and the force display. We evaluated the effectiveness of the prototype and the proposed assistance methods through the experiments. >

A rough terrain crane has excellent operativity and mobility, yet the operation of the rough terrain crane is very difficult because of complexity of the control system, payload's swing, lack of information, etc. These problems can be settled by intelligent crane system if it can assist an operator to perform efficient crane operation. We proposed an assistance system for crane operation using an interactive adaptation interface. The assistance system produces various kinds of operational assistance. In this paper, we propose a crane simulator system for operation training using the proposed crane system. The proposed system has a function called multimodal display which presents various kinds of operational assistance. We consider the realization of the training system by adaptation of the strength of operational assistance based on operator's state; we focus on the operators skill level. We propose an adaptation method based on operational skill and perform simple operation experiments to confirm the effectiveness of the method described.

Summary form only given. Rough terrain cranes are frequently used in construction sites. They have excellent mobility and operativity, but the operator must use several levers at once, and the payload oscillates and it is hard to know its state. The authors propose an intelligent system to assist operators. Interactive Adaptation Interface (IAI/F) is used. The control system is complex. The authors made a new joystick for crane operation. The joystick has two merits: operators can easily understand how to control the crane because the control direction of the joystick is based on actual crane motion, and operators can use additional useful information for safe operation. To confirm effectiveness of proposed system, an operation experiment is performed. The subject controls the jib hoist angular velocity by the joystick to suppress the payload swing with/without force display. Average completion time was improved by using the force display. Thus, we confirm that force display is effective for crane operation.

It is important to assist doctors operating intravascular surgical tools such as a catheter that is designed for minimum invasive surgery inside complex and narrow brain blood vessels. We propose a intelligent medical assistance system for operation of the intravascular surgical tool that is teleoperated by the doctor seeing a 2D X-ray image. We built a prototype of a virtual simulator system consisting of a joystick and a 3D-computer graphics display. The joystick is used for the controller of catheter head direction and the force display. We evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed visual and force assistance methods through extensive experiments.

We propose a new crane system using the interactive adaptation interface (IAI/F). This system can adapt to an operator considering the following two points. One is the state of operator's psychology and the other is operator's skill. The former is estimated by the skin potential reflex (galvanic skin reflex). The latter is estimated by the history of the payload oscillation and command inputs. In order to adapt an operator, the system tunes its time constant by the recursive fuzzy inference (RFI). We also propose multiple display for the operational assistance. This gives information needed for the crane operation. We made a computer simulator of the crane system, and did some operation experiments on this simulator. We show effectiveness of the proposed crane operational assistance system based on the experimental results.

We have developed a new robot arm with six joints that have torque sensors and geared reduction systems. This arm has compliance control ability without using a wrist force sensor. The techniques adopted here are the low friction and low gear ratio reduction system, nonlinear torque compensation, inertial torque feedforward compensation and joint torque control using joint torque sensor feedback. The experimental results show that this robot has high accuracy of trajectory in spite of large compliance, i.e. low position feedback gains. This robot can also take practical industrial tasks in high speed under uncertain positioning of works.

In a driver assistant system and a traffic flow monitoring system for ITS, a vision sensor with wide dynamic range is necessary. For imaging target objects under outside environment, dynamic range with 1.5*10/sup 4/ is required, although that of a conventional CCD camera is about 5*10/sup 2/. Our developed sensing system can expand the dynamic range of an image by combining a pair of images successively taken under different exposure conditions. To apply this sensing system to moving objects, a displacement of the target object in a pair of images resulting from motion of the object is evaluated by a normalized correlation method. The experimental results with a miniature car showed the effectiveness of our developed sensing system.

Alicyclic resist platforms have already thought to be imperative in 70-110 nm nodes advanced optical nano-lithography using ArF (193-nm) or F/sub 2/ (157-nm) excimer laser exposure system. In this paper, comparative studies of physical and chemical properties of these alicyclic platforms were reported. We also attempted to clarify the essential difference of their potentials in advanced optical nano-lithography.

The paper describes an integrated visual servoing system able to track and grasp industrial parts moving on a conveyer by controlling a 6-DOF robot arm. Using a real-time image based visual servoing method, the fully-6-DOF robot arm is controlled by PC-based vision and robot controllers. The hybrid Kalman filter is incorporated into both controllers in order to track a moving object stably against visual data noise. A teaching method for grasping the moving objects is also proposed which leads to simplification of teaching tasks. Experimental results prove that the practical conveyer-tracking and grasping tasks in manufacturing can be realized with our integrated visual servoing system.

A novel adaptive filtering algorithm is presented to identify the time-varying parameters of an FIR channel model. The proposed weights adjusting algorithm incorporates an internal model for compensating the dynamics of the time-varying model parameters. The stability of the adaptive filter can be assured by designing the weights adjusting dynamics in the adaptive algorithm by applying the passivity theorem and the small gain theorem. Its effectiveness of the proposed LMS and RLS types of algorithms is validated by comparing to ordinary LMS approaches in numerical simulation of adaptive identification and decision-feedback equalization of a time-varying fading channel with parameters changing with a first-order function of time.

著者人数: 47名, Accepted: 2002-12-02, 資料番号: SA1003998000

We measured the differential cross sections of the 16 O(p,d) reaction populating the ground state and several low-lying excited states in 15 O using 198-, 295- and 392-MeV proton beams at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, to study the effect of the tensor interactions in 16 O. Dividing the cross sections for each excited state by the one for the ground state and comparing the ratios over a wide range of momentum transfer, we found a marked enhancement of the ratio for the positive-parity state(s). The observation is consistent with large components of high-momentum neutrons in the ground-state configurations of 16 O due possibly to the tensor interactions.

Acaeruloplasminaemia is characterized by excessive neurovisceral iron accumulation due to mutation of the caeruloplasmin gene. Excess iron functions as a potent catalyst of biological oxidation, and increased iron concentration is associated with the products of lipid peroxidation in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid. We investigated whether the amount of iron accumulated paralleled lipid peroxidation levels in acaeruloplasminaemia tissues, examining brains and visceral organs of two affected patients at autopsy for iron and copper content, and oxysterols, including 7-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol, which are directly produced from cholesterol by active oxygen species. The amount of iron accumulated in various tissues was correlated with the levels of the oxysterols. These findings suggest that lipid peroxidation produced by the intracellular accumulation of iron is involved in the pathogenesis of acaeruloplasminaemia.

It has been established that alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), a glycolipid, is recognized by natural killer T (NKT) cells together with the monomorphic MHC-like antigen, CD1d, in mice and humans. In this study, we examined how NKT cells are modulated by in vivo administration of alpha-GalCer in mice. When 2 microg (or more)/mouse of alpha(-GalCer was injected i.p., the majority of NKT cells disappeared in the liver and spleen, possibly undergoing apoptosis, on day 1. At this time, NKT cytotoxicity seen in liver lymphocytes also disappeared. In parallel with this numerical and functional change of NKT cells, there was always concomitant hepatocyte damage, as shown by histology and elevated levels of transaminases. Subsequently, the number and function of NKT cells continued to increase from day 3 to day 7. The response seen in hepatic (and splenic) NKT cells did not occur in thymic NKT cells. All these phenomena induced in the liver did not appear in NKT-deficient mice such as beta2-microglobulin(-/-) and CD1d(-/-) mice. These results shed further light on the in vivo interaction between NKT cells and alpha-GalCer in mice.

Beige mice lack natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity, although NK cells are normally present. In recent studies, NK T cells have been newly identified. We therefore examined the number and function of NK T cells in beige mice. The number of NK T cells was at a normal level in the liver of beige mice. NK cytotoxicity was decreased in the liver of these mice, whereas NK T cytotoxicity was intact. When immunochemical staining for perforin was conducted, the majority of NK cells and the minority of NK T cells in beige mice carried a giant granule, containing perforin, in the cytoplasm. In the case of control B6 mice, the majority of NK cells and the minority of NK T cells had multiple, dispersed granules containing perforin. These results suggest that NK T cytotoxicity is unaffected by the beige mutation, owing to their cytotoxicity being mediated without the secretion system of perforin.

We report the first case of myeloperoxidase-specific anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (MPO-ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis in a patient with CREST syndrome. A 74-year-old Japanese man with CREST syndrome (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia) developed rapidly progressive renal failure without elevation of blood pressure. Renal biopsy revealed glomerular sclerosis and fibrous crescents. The MPO-ANCA titer was elevated to 145 EU/ml. When patients with collagen diseases develop rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, the possibility of MPO-ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis should be kept in mind.

This study was carried out to examine the blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport of human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and investigate its mechanism.The BBB transport of 125I-bFGF was measured by several in vivo methods including intravenous administration, in situ internal carotid artery perfusion, and intracerebral microinjection. The in vitro binding of 125I-bFGF was characterized using freshly prepared bovine brain capillaries.The distribution volume of 125I-bFGF in the postvascular supernatant increased with the perfusion time, and exceeded the space occupied by the brain microvasculature and its trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitability was more than 90%. 125I-bFGF avidly bound to isolated bovine brain capillaries with a Bmax of 206 +/- 48 pmol/mg protein, and a Kd of 36.5 +/- 15.7 nM. This binding was significantly inhibited by unlabeled bFGF and heparin in a concentration-dependent manner. The cationic peptides, protamine and poly-L-lysine (each 300 microM), produced over 85% inhibition of 125I-bFGF binding to brain capillaries. Furthermore, glycosaminoglycans with a sulfate residue, chondroitin sulfate B and C (each 10 microg/mL) also inhibited the binding of 125I-bFGF The in vivo transcytosis of 125I-bFGF from the luminal side to the brain was also inhibited by the presence of heparin (10 microg/mL) and poly-L-lysine (300 microM), whereas neither hyaruronic acid (10 microg/mL) nor insulin (10 microM) had any effect. In addition to these results, the brain efflux index method was used to confirm that the transcytosis of 125I-bFGF from brain to blood across the BBB was negligible.These results suggest that 125I-bFGF is transported across the BBB, possibly by an adsorptive-mediated transcytosis mechanism that is triggered by binding to negatively charged species on the luminal membrane surface of the brain microvasculature, such as heparan sulfate proteoglycans.

Cardiac function of 40 patients on maintenance dialysis was examined using a new Doppler index combining systolic and diastolic function. Immediately before dialysis, ultrasonic pulsed Doppler was used to measure right and left ventricular inflow and outflow waveforms. The sum of the isovolumetric contraction time (ICT) and isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT) was calculated by subtracting the ejection time from the interval between the end of an inflow waveform and the start of the next inflow waveform. The new index was obtained by dividing the sum of the two isovolumetric times by the ejection time. Cardiac function was evaluated in dialysis patients and healthy controls using new indices of the right and left heart systems.Indices of the right and left heart systems in dialysis patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. With respect to hypotension during dialysis, patients were divided into two groups, a group with decreased blood pressure (group A: 27 patients) and a group with normal blood pressure (group B: 13 patients). Only the left heart system index in group A was significantly higher. There were no significant differences in other M-mode Doppler indices between the two groups.The new index was a more sensitive evaluator of cardiac function and predictor of hypotension during dialysis compared to standard echocardiographic indices.

To investigate the potential prognostic factors for myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody- (MPO-ANCA) associated glomerulonephritis.The clinical and pathological findings were reviewed in 17 patients with this type of glomerulonephritis.The relationship between the outcome and various clinical and pathological factors were assessed. The relationship between the blood MPO-ANCA level and cellular crescent formation was also investigated.Patients who died had a significantly lower serum albumin and creatinine clearance than those who survived, but there were no differences of age, blood MPO-ANCA, urinary protein, and serum creatinine levels or cellular crescent formation between the two groups. There was a close relationship between blood MPO-ANCA levels and cellular crescent formation.Hypoalbuminemia and renal dysfunction may be indicators of a poor prognosis in MPO-ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. Patients with high blood levels of this antibody and increased cellular crescent formation appear to have active disease, but these factors are not statistically associated with a fatal outcome. Therefore, aggressive treatment may be indicated in patients with active disease initially.

Recent evidence suggests the role of beta-chemokines and their receptors in human immunodeficiency virus infection. We examined the serum levels of beta-chemokines in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).The serum levels of beta-chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), MIP-1beta, RANTES, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in patients with SLE were determined by ELISA.There were significant differences between the patients with SLE and healthy controls in the serum concentrations of RANTES (p0.001) and MCP-1 (p0.01), but not MIP-1alpha (p = 0.07) and MIP-1beta (p = 0.68). A decrease of RANTES and an increase of MCP-1 was observed with the progression of disease activity in the patients with SLE.Changes in the serum levels of RANTES and MCP-1 may indicate an interaction between SLE disease activity and the production of beta-chemokines.

We applied three methods in order to measure the vertical emittance of KEK-ATF. The first is a SR interferometer, the second method is the emittance measurement by using wire scanners at the beam extraction line. The last method is emittance estimation by measuring an intensity dependence of a momentum spread, which is caused by the intra-beam scattering. The measured vertical emittance for KEK-ATF is 0.02-0.06 nm, which is a few times larger than the design target of KEK-ATF.

In 1997, a project to develop recycling information systems was initiated by the Manufacturing Scientific Technology Center Foundation. Our company participated in this project and developed a recycling information system for our own products. Using personal computers, the system provides easily understandable three dimensional recycling information on typical wide-television sets. Our system provides useful information for recyclers for product disassembly, as well as for manufacturers when they consider suitability of the product for recycling. This paper describes our recycling information system and further work planned to realize a support system for DFE (design for environment).

Achievements of KEKB control system during the commissioning of KEKB accelerators are reported. The KEKB control system is the first major application of EPICS toolkit in JAPAN. We added some software components on the top of EPICS toolkit. One of these is the system to automate generation of the EPICS database configuration files using ORACLE database management system. Although it costs us a lot of effort to develop, this kind of configuration management system is essential for a large accelerator like KEKB. Another component is an implementation of EPICS CA (Channel Access) interface in the script languages. SAD, a modeling program with a scripting language capability, Python, an object oriented scripting language are currently supported in the KEKB control system. These scripting languages are used to develop high level applications, such as an orbit correction program with graphical user interface using Tk library. Combination of these scripting languages and EPICS CA provides flexibility in the control system. KEKB control system also includes some new hardware components, including Arcnet based magnet power supply controllers and VME single board computers based on Motorola's PowerPC750 CPU. The performance of these components will also be reported. The problems and (possible) solutions found during the KEKB commissioning are also discussed.