Search

When titanium (Ti) metal absorbs a lot of hydrogen, the XPS spectrum shows a remarkable change in the valence band. Making use of molecular orbital (MO) calculations, we ascribed the peak shift to the formation of a hydrogen-induced state of Ti. The trapped site of hydrogen in Ti may be at the lattice point in titanium hydride (TiH2), which forms a polycrystal with the small Ti crystals. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Dual mode devices based on high temperature superconducting films represent an interesting class for telecommunication applications since they combine a miniaturized size with a good power handling. Here we report on a novel compact antenna obtained by crossing a square patch with two or more slots. The proposed design has an antenna size reduction of about 40% as compared to the conventional square patch microstrip antennas. Single patch antenna both with linear (LP) and circular (CP) polarization operating in the X-band have been designed and tested at prototype level. They are realized by using double sided (YBa2Cu3O7−x) YBCO and Tl2Ba2Ca1Cu2O8 (Tl-2212) superconducting films grown on MgO substrates and tested with a portable cryocooler. They showed at T=77 K a return loss

The hydrogen concentrations in δ-phase titanium hydrides (δ-TiHx: 1.6

A rapid shrinkage in the minimum feature size of integrated circuits requires analysis of dopants in their shallow source–drain and their extensions with an enhanced depth resolution. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) combining a medium-energy He ion beam with a detector of improved energy resolution should meet the requirement of a depth resolution better than 5 nm at a depth of 10–20 nm in the next 10 years. A toroidal electrostatic analyzer of 4×10−3 energy resolution has been used to detect the scattered ions of a medium-energy He ion beam. Five keV As+ implanted Si or SiO2 samples were measured. Depth profiling results using the above technique are compared with those of glancing-angle RBS by MeV energy He ions. Limitations in the energy resolution due to various energy-spread contributions have been clarified.

The use of high-temperature superconducting films for the fabrication of antennas allows us to realize radiating structures that are small in size and have a very high efficiency. In this paper, we investigate the properties of a novel compact antenna obtained by crossing a square patch with diagonal and transverse slots. Single patch antennas, with both linear and circular polarization operating in the X-band, with a size reduction of about 40% as compared to conventional square patches, have been designed and tested at prototype level. They have been realized by using double-sided YBa2Cu3O7−x(YBCO) and Tl2Ba2Ca1Cu2O8(Tl-2212) superconducting films grown on MgO substrates and have been measured using a portable cryocooler. At T = 77 K, the experimental scattering parameter, S11, agrees well with simulations, showing a power handling of 23 dBm for YBCO devices. The miniaturized patch antenna investigated has allowed us to realize a 4 × 4 array of linear polarization antennas at 11.5 GHz, using a YBCO film grown on a MgO substrate with a 2'' diameter, by considering a reduced interspace (more than 20%) between the elements. The far-field pattern and the 16-array gain are in good agreement with the simulated results.

We review Japanese activities of balloon-borne far-infrared astronomical spectroscopic observations. Most of our experiments have focused on spectroscopic mapping observations of the far-infrared [C II] line at 158 μm, which is the dominant coolant of general interstellar gas and is a key tracer of interstellar energetics. We made two types of observations. One is large-scale survey observations with a dedicated system which has an offset low-emissivity telescope. The other is detailed observations of individual sources with a multi-purpose 50 cm telescope. In addition to the conventional spatial chopping method, we used spectral modulation techniques with a Fabry-Perot spectrometer in these experiments to make efficient mappings of spatially extended sources. Major scientific results of these experiments are briefly reviewed. New collaborative project with TIFR, India started in 1998, to make high-resolution spectroscopic mapping observations of star-forming regions with the TIFR 1 m telescope and the Japanese Fabry-Perot spectrometer.

著者人数：12名, 資料番号: SA1001838000

The magnetic drug delivery system (MDDS) is a key technology to reduce the side effects in the medical applications, and the magnetic force control is very important issue in MDDS. In this application, the strength of magnetic field and gradient required to MDDS devices are 54 mT and 5.5 T/m, respectively. We proposed the new magnetic force control system that consists of the multiple racetrack HTS magnets. We can control the magnetic field gradient along the longitudinal direction by the arrangement of the multiple racetrack HTS magnets and operating current of each magnet. When the racetrack HTS magnets were used, the critical current was reduced by the self-magnetic field. Therefore, the shape design of HTS magnet to reduce the magnet field into the surface of HTS tapes was required. Therefore, the electromagnetic analysis based on finite element method (FEM) was carried out to design and optimize the shape of multiple racetrack HTS magnet. We were able to suppress the reduction of critical current by placing the magnetic substance at upper and lower side of the HTS magnets. It was confirmed that obtained maximum values of magnetic field strength and field gradient were 33 mT and 0.18 T/m, respectively.

Quantum repeaters are required for realizing long-distance quantum communication. The quantum repeater consists of a quantum memory to store quantum information and an interface between photonic flying qubits and the memory qubits. Electron spins in gate-defined quantum dots (QDs), which have a relatively long coherence time and high electrical tunability, are promising candidates for such memory qubits because the fundamental technologies of detecting and manipulating single photoelectron spins have been established. The remaining challenge for the realization of quantum repeaters is an efficient coupling between photons and electron spins in the QDs. In this study, we discuss the enhancement of the transmission and the maintenance of the incident light polarization through bull's eye structures on gate-defined QDs on the basis of electromagnetic field simulations.

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone, and patients often develop pulmonary metastases. In a previous study, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α treatment of human osteosarcoma cells increases their metastatic ability in an animal model. TNF-α can act as a tumor necrosis factor and also as a tumor-promoting factor. In the present study, the effect of a TNF-α inhibitor on osteosarcoma aggressiveness and pulmonary metastases was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The effect of infliximab, a TNF-α inhibitor, on a metastatic osteosarcoma 143B cell growth and motility was investigated in vitro. An orthotopic xenograft model of 143B cell growth and spontaneous metastasis in SCID mice was used to assess the in vivo effect of infliximab. Results: Infliximab greatly reduced cell motility and pulmonary metastases in 143B cells. The mechanism of pulmonary metastasis inhibition involved decreased expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), Rho (small GTPase protein), and its effector. Conclusions: These results suggest a novel role for TNF-α inhibition in the reduction or prevention of pulmonary metastases of osteosarcoma in this animal model. TNF-α inhibition may become a preventive therapeutic option for the pulmonary metastases of osteosarcoma. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

The electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) plays an important role in the advancement of heavy ion accelerators and other ion beam applications worldwide, thanks to its remarkable ability to produce a great variety of intense highly charged heavy ion beams. Great efforts over the past decade have led to significant ECRIS performance improvements in both the beam intensity and quality. A number of high-performance ECRISs have been built and are in daily operation or are under construction to meet the continuously increasing demand. In addition, comprehension of the detailed and complex physical processes in high-charge-state ECR plasmas has been enhanced experimentally and theoretically. This review covers and discusses the key components, leading-edge developments, and enhanced ECRIS performance in the production of highly charged heavy ion beams.

The direct force input type of electromagnetic energy harvester with significantly high generating efficiency over 40% has been developed. This high efficiency was realized by using the 1mm-thick uniquely-structured Si springs in the harvester, which was fabricated by D-RIE (deep reactive ion etching) from both sides of a 1mm-thick Si wafer. The harvester showed that the peak voltage was 3.7 V and the output energy on the most adequate load resistance was over 1 mJ at an input energy of 2.7 mJ, resulting in a generating efficiency of 41%.

Multiscale brain connectivity refers to physical and functional connection patterns between a set of brain units on multiple levels of spatial extent. For large, complex systems such as the human brain, units may be defined as, e.g., single neurons (MRI, EEG/MEG), voxels, or brain areas on a microscopic, mesoscopic, or macroscopic scale, respectively. Connectivity between these units may be measured in terms of anatomical/structural connectivity (SC; Hagmann et al. 2010), the statistical relations between their functional states (functional connectivity, FC), or their inferred causal interactions (effective connectivity, EC; Friston 1994). Brain connectivity underlies signal propagation in neural networks and is thus crucial to understanding cognition and the brain’s information and activity flow in health and disease.

We have studied the agglomeration mechanism of impurity B ions due to a high-dose ion implantation into Si, making use of a defect analysis performed with a molecular dynamic simulation. Beyond a threshold level of impurity concentration, ion irradiation drastically changes the spatial distribution of crystal atoms, which promotes the agglomeration significantly. The lattice reaction for the ion impact was often synergistic and depended strongly on the temperature of the host target, even with the same condition of irradiation energy. At a temperature of 100 K, the agglomeration once increased then decreased, because dissociation took it over. Above 200 K, however, the agglomeration progressed with ion impact. Such an analysis was possible by means of pixel mapping that showed the long-range interactions between atoms in a crystal.

Onset field H on of the second peak in the magnetization curve of Bi 1.7 Pb 0.3 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O y crystals with various oxygen concentration y , is measured using a miniature Hall sensor on thin ring-shaped samples as well as square samples. Systematic change in H on depending on y is qualitatively explained with a few assumptions based on the disorder-induced vortex-matter transition.

We considered that elucidation of the movements of perioral soft tissues during mastication would be useful in evaluating masticatory movements. However, evaluation of movements specific to soft tissues is difficult because movements of the surface of the lower face during mastication include movements of the muscles of facial expression and mandibular movements. The aims of this study were to elucidate the influence of mandibular movements on perioral soft tissue movements during mastication using principal component analysis (PCA) and to abstract the component of movement specific to soft tissues in order to evaluate masticatory movements from the movements of perioral soft tissues. The subjects were 10 healthy persons with complete natural dentition. The experimental food used in this study was sufficiently softened chewing gum. The results of this study showed that the movements of mandibular and perioral soft tissue were closely related in the first and third PCs; in other words, the second PC was the component of movement specific to soft tissues. Thus, elucidation of the second PC is useful for evaluation of masticatory movements from movements of perioral soft tissues.

Objective: α1-Acid glycoprotein (AAG) has three main genetic variants, F1, S, and A variants. There are few reports on the correlation between AAG variants and binding activity of drug enantiomers. We studied the differences between the binding characteristics of enantiomers of disopyramide (DP), which is a basic drug. The aim of this study was to elucidate the cause of the differences between the binding characteristics of DP enantiomers. Methods: The variants in human AAG were separated by hydroxyapatite chromatography. Binding of DP enantiomers to AAG variants was studied by the ultrafiltration method. The characteristics of the binding of DP enantiomers to total variants and each variant were examined by Scatchard analysis within a range of concentrations from 0.5 to 50.0 µg/ml. Results: The binding capacity of S-DP was significantly higher than that of R-DP in variant 3, although the binding capacities of DP enantiomers were almost the same in variant 2. On the other hand, the binding capacities for both S-DP and R-DP in variant 3 were significantly higher than those in variant 2. Furthermore, there was an almost 2.4-fold difference in the dissociation constant (Kd) between S-DP and R-DP in variant 3, although no significant difference was observed in the number of binding sites (N). In variant 2 no significant differences between DP enantiomers were observed in either the dissociation constant or number of binding sites per molecule of AAG. On the other hand, significant differences between variants 2 and 3 in the dissociation constant for both S-DP and R-DP were observed. The differences in dissociation constant between variants 2 and 3 were 4.0-fold in S-DP and 1.7-fold in R-DP. Conclusion: The difference between the binding capacities of S-DP and R-DP is due to differences in the association of DP to variants 3–6, and the role of the variants 1 and 2 in the binding of drugs to AAG is minor.

The vortex activation energy U ( B , J )∝ B ν J − μ ∼ H ν M − μ , where J and M are the current and the magnetization, respectively, in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+ δ is investigated via magnetic relaxation measured by a miniature Hall sensor. The exponent μ at the low-field solid phase is definitively observed to be ∼1/7, which is consistent with the single-vortex collective creep. With increasing H , plastic creep is observed just above H on if the measurement is performed after a sufficiently long waiting time. On the other hand, with increasing T below H on , the μ decreases abruptly at 4 πM dp ∼5 G near the depinning temperature T dp . The kink at M dp is attributed to a change in the creep character from that controlled by the bulk pinning into that controlled by the surface pinning.

Arginine-specific gingipain (HRgpA) and lysine-specific gingipain (Kgp), enzymes produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis, may be candidates for an anti-P. gingivalis vaccine. The purpose of our study was to determine whether HRgpA and Kgp have opsonic target sites and whether these sites are available and accessible on intact P. gingivalis cells. Rabbits were used to generate polyclonal antibodies to both proteins. Animals were immunized and immunoglobulin G (IgG) fractions were isolated from preimmune and immune sera. Functional characteristics of the antibodies were assessed by determining antibody titers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), generating Western immunoblots, and measuring antibody enhancement of P. gingivalis opsonization, phagocytosis and killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) of intact cells of strains of P. gingivalis representative of the four serotypes. Strains studied included 33277 (serotype A), A7A1-28 (serotype B), W50 (serotype C) and 381 (serotype D). Both HRgpA and Kgp induced high titers of IgG antibody. Anti-HRgpA and anti-Kgp bound to both HRgpA and Kgp demonstrating a large proportion of shared antigenic epitopes. The two antibodies bound equally well to all four P. gingivalis serotypes with titers ranging from 77 to 205 ELISA units when compared to preimmune IgG set at 1 ELISA unit. The immunoblot patterns of binding of the two antibodies to HRgpA and Kgp and to sonicates of the four P. gingivalis serotypes were virtually identical. Both antibodies detected components in HRgpA at 27, 35 and 45 kDa and in Kgp at 27, 32, 35, 40 and 55 kDa. The antibodies also detected components at or near these same positions in addition to multiple high molecular mass components in the cell sonicates of P. gingivalis. Both proteins induced antibodies that significantly enhanced opsonization as assessed by chemiluminescence, with values ranging from 130 mV to 375 mV for anti-HRgpA IgG and from 240 mV to 475 mV for anti-Kgp IgG. Both antibodies significantly enhanced PMN-mediated bacterial killing of the four P. gingivalis serotypes, although the percentage of killing varied among the serotypes (24-81% for anti-HRgpA and 37-89% for anti-Kgp). Thus, both HRgpA and Kgp express opsonic target sites and induce high titers of antibodies that opsonize and enhance killing of all four serotypes of P. gingivalis. These two proteins appear to be potential candidate antigens for an anti-P. gingivalis vaccine.

A novel power supply for medical implants has been developed. A wireless near-infrared power transmission recharges a lithium secondary battery in the power supply. A photovoltaic cell array embedded under skin receives near-infrared light through the skin and charges the battery directly powering an implanted device. The authors have shown that, for a photodiode area of 2.1 cm/sup 2/, 17 min of near-infrared irradiation at a 810-mn wavelength with a power density of 22 mW/cm/sup 2/ can send enough energy to allow regular commercial cardiac pacemakers to run for 24 h. The temperature rise of the skin during the light irradiation was 1.4/spl deg/C.

We have investigated the question, what is the driving force causing coalescence among implanted ions. A previous explanation was that the criterion of clustering is an electrostatic interaction. That is if the formation enthalpy is positive, clustering starts. This is the case of B into Si. Moreover experimentally it was observed, that real clustering started, if the B concentration reached 2 at.%. Nevertheless this is too low a concentration to assume an alloy model, because the encountering probability for B ions is unreasonably small. In fact using molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, we found that without energetic ion impacts and the consequent mixing, no clustering is observed at room temperature (RT), even if we start with a 4 at.% concentration of B in Si. This means that the electrostatic explanation seems to support experiments, however, the encountering probability is elevated by heavy ion bombardment as MD proved. From our calculations we conclude, that ion impact and the consequent mixing processes in the lattice can trigger B clustering, while the enthalpy criterion of clustering is not always fulfilled.

An advanced micromachining technique using ion implantation to modify materials was studied. Gold ion implantation into silicon decreased the etching rate when the silicon was etched in potassium hydroxide solution after the ion implantation; the implanted region remained, thus forming the microstructure. Observation of the cross-section of the resulting etched structure by transmission electron microscopy showed that the structure was made only from the ion-implanted region, and that gold was precipitated on the surface. To clarify the mechanism involved in the decrease in the etching rate, we varied the etching conditions. Our results show that precipitation of implanted gold on the surface decreased the etching rate, because solubility of gold is lower.

SUMMARY We considered that elucidation of the movements of perioral soft tissue during mastication would be useful in evaluating masticatory movements. However, the evaluation of these movements is difficult because multivariable analysis is needed. In this study, we considered whether principal component analysis (PCA), a form of the multivariate analysis, can reduce the number of degrees of freedom (d.f.) of perioral skin movements (i.e. the time-series data with 45 d.f.). The subjects were 15 healthy persons with complete natural dentition. The chosen experimental food for this study was sufficiently softened chewing gum. Over 95% of the perioral soft tissue movements of healthy subjects with complete natural dentition during mastication could be expressed by PCA using the first three principal components (PCs). Therefore, perioral soft tissue movements in these subjects during mastication were considered to be spatially smooth. Moreover, time analysis of these movements was made possible by the application of proportion diagrams. The results of this study showed that the spatiostructural and temporal analyses of the movements of perioral soft tissue during mastication made possible by the application of PCA.

The effectiveness of highly charged ion production and X-ray bremsstrahlung in an electron-cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source is determined by the energy distribution function of electrons in the source plasma. Three components of electrons are introduced to describe the electron energy distribution in ECR plasma. The new model and equations were used in a new version of computer codes for numerical simulation of highly charged ion production and bremsstrahlung emission in the afterglow mode of ECR source operation. The multicomponent consideration of electrons in the ECR plasma is applied to explain physically and to simulate numerically the effect of long bremsstrahlung (100–300 ms) in the afterglow regime that was discovered recently in the ECR source at RIKEN.

The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been used as a model organism to study cell cycle control and dynamic chromosome behavior during anaphase segregation as genetic and cytological approaches are easily amenable. To understand the role of gene products involved in these cellular events, it is important to determine intracellular localization of each gene product during the cell cycle. In this article, visualization in living cells of several gene products involved in cell cycle control and sister chromatid separation is described. The genes tagged with jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) include sad1(+) (encoding a spindle pole body (SPB) protein), atb2(+) (alpha-tubulin), mis6(+) (a kinetochore protein), eat1(+) (a novel actin-like protein localized in the nucleus) and cdc13(+) (a mitotic cyclin). In addition, LacI which is bound to a DNA segment containing LacO repeat sequences integrated near the centromere (cen1) is visualized. These are useful to monitor cell cycle events in living cells.

This paper presents a new geometric estimation method of machined surface by ball-nosed end milling in sphere contouring. Firstly the geometric relationship between a cutting edge and a normal vector of the sphere has been formulated. Through the equation analysis, multi-crossing of them up to three times and the zigzag movement of the cutting edge have been found newly. Also the interference by a major flank was found too. Secondly a numerical calculation solver was developed by Newton-Raphson method. Thirdly the graphical display was realized by a CAD system. Through the observation of machined surfaces, the interference area was confirmed.

Using the Mid-Infrared Spectrometer on board the Infrared Telescope in Space and the low-resolution grating spectrometer (PHT-S) on board the Infrared Space Observatory, we obtained 820 mid-infrared (5 to 12 $\mu$m) spectra of the diffuse interstellar medium (DIM) in the Galactic center, W51, and Carina Nebula regions. These spectra indicate that the emission is dominated by the unidentified infrared (UIR) emission bands at 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, and 11.2 $\mu$m. The relative band intensities (6.2/7.7 $\mu$m, 8.6/7.7 $\mu$m, and 11.2/7.7 $\mu$m) were derived from these spectra, and no systematic variation in these ratios was found in our observed regions, in spite of the fact that the incident radiation intensity differs by a factor of 1500. Comparing our results with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) model for the UIR band carriers, PAHs in the DIM have no systematic variation in their size distribution, their degree of dehydrogenation is independent of the strength of UV radiation field, and they are mostly ionized. The latter finding is incompatible with past theoretical studies, in which a large fraction of neutral PAHs is predicted in this kind of environment. A plausible resolution of this discrepancy is that the recombination coefficients for electron and large PAH positive ion are by at least an order of magnitude less than those adopted in past theoretical studies. Because of the very low population of neutral state molecules, photoelectric emission from interstellar PAHs is probably not the dominant source of heating of the diffuse interstellar gas. The present results imply constant physical and chemical properties of the carriers of the UIR emission bands in the DIM., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

In order to miniaturize a high-density, inductively coupled magnetized plasma or helicon plasma to be applied to, e.g., an industrial application and an electric propulsion field, small helicon device has been developed. The specifications of this device along with the experimental results are described. We have succeeded in generating high-density (~10(19) m(-3)) plasmas using quartz tubes with very small diameters of 10 and 20 mm, with a radio frequency power ~1200 and 700 W, respectively, in the presence of the magnetic field less than 1 kG.

With the increasing availability of advanced imaging technologies, we are/nentering a new era of neuroscience. Detailed descriptions of the complex brain/nnetwork enable us to map out a structural connectome, characterize it with/ngraph theoretical methods, and compare it to the functional networks with/nincreasing detail. To link these two aspects and understand how dynamics/nand structure interact to form functional brain networks in task and in the/nresting state, we use theoretical models. The advantage of using theoretical/nmodels is that by recreating functional connectivity and time series explicitly/nfrom structure and pre-defined dynamics, we can extract critical mechanisms by/nlinking structure and function in ways not directly accessible in the real brain./nRecently, resting state models with varying local dynamics have reproduced/nempirical functional connectivity patterns, and given support to the view that/nthe brain works at a critical point at the edge of a bifurcation of the system./nHere, we present an overview of a modeling approach of the resting brain network/nand give an application of a neural mass model in the study of complexity/nchanges in aging. GD was supported by the ERC Advanced Grant: DYSTRUCTURE (no. 295129), by the Spanish Research ProjectSAF2010-16085 and by the CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 ProgrammeCSD2007-00012, and the FP7-ICT BrainScales. The research reported herein was supported by the Brain Network Recovery Group through the James S. McDonnell Foundation. TTN was supported by the SUR of the DEC of the Catalan Government and by the FSE.

We have studied the lateral range straggling, ΔR L, for ions implanted into a crystal, and formulated the velocity dependence of the ratio of the lateral to longitudinal range straggling, ΔR L/ΔR p. The targets had diamond structure, e.g., C(diamond), Ge, and Si, all of which had (100) and (110) surfaces. The projectiles were chosen so that the mass-ratio (μ = m 2/m 1) spans from 0.1 to 10. They were implanted into a random direction because of the application viewpoint. The region of the ion velocity, ν, corresponded to the so-called intermediate energy region, where the electronic stopping power, S e, increased from the minimum to the maximum value. We obtained a power function of ν for ΔR LΔR p, whose two parameters are also power function of μ. The result comprehended the LSS results given for amorphous Si. In order to clarify the crystalline effect on ΔR L/ΔR p, we expanded the frame of calculation. Here the impinging ions were faced on (100) and (110) directions of those crystals. The resul...

We developed a gold reflector based semiconductor saturable absorber mirror that has a sufficiently high reflectivity and a broad bandwidth and has been used to initiate the mode locking in a Cr4+:YAG laser. The laser achieved a similar efficiency to the lasers with Bragg-reflector-based semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors, but delivered a much broader spectrum and a shorter pulse.

Ion-implantation followed by etching was used to fabricate micromachine components from bulk silicon. The size of the ion-modified region was sufficiently small to make microdevices (e.g. devices with submicrometer dimensions). Ion implantation/etching techniques have the advantages of high controllability, high selectivity and non-thermal processing. For 3.1 MeV gold ions implanted into silicon to a dose of 1×10 17 cm −2 , microcantilever beams were fabricated with a Young’s modulus of 60 GPa and a surface resistance of 36 kΩ. The elastic property was lower than conventional materials used for making microdevices, and the electrical resistance was sufficiently low that such components can be used as electrical conductors.

The goal of our research program is to develop a Porphyromonas gingivalis vaccine. Vaccine development requires identification of antigenic components shared by the many clonal types of P. gingivalis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the extent and nature of antigenic cross-reactivity among serotypes of P. gingivalis and to identify shared antigenic components. Strains selected to represent serotypes A-D were 33277, A7A1-28 W50 and 381, respectively. Using intact cells, antibodies were raised in rabbits. Titers were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using intact cells as antigen, Western blots were prepared and biologic activity was measured as opsonization (chemiluminescence expressed as mV) and enhancement of phagocytosis and killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Extensive cross-reactivity that varied greatly among serotypes was observed by ELISA. The Western blots showed an even greater extent of cross-reactivity, with shared protein components at approximately 140, 130, 37, 32 and 28 kDa and a shared variable molecular mass smear considered to be lipopolysaccharide and other carbohydrate. Additional protein components at 110, 85, 35 and 20 kDa appeared to be shared by some but not all serotypes. In the functional assays, strains 33277 and 381 were equally well opsonized by anti-33277 and anti-381 (500-650 mV) but opsonized to a much lesser extent by anti-A7A1-28 and anti-W50 (roughly 125 mV and 350 mV respectively). A7A1-28 and W50 were opsonized by all four immune sera almost equally but to a much lower extent (roughly 400 mV and 250 mV respectively). Enhancement of phagocytosis and killing in the presence of active complement mirrored opsonization with the exception that 381 was reasonably well opsonized by anti-A7A1-28 (400 mV) and anti-W50 (350 mV), but poorly killed. The protein components at 140, 130, 37 and 28 kDa shared by all of the four serotypes appear to have potential as vaccine candidate antigens.

We have proposed an improved power-series expansion method for the analysis of magnetic deflection yokes in a cathode-ray tube (CRT). The magnetic field is expanded to either of two different power-series formulations, depending on the radial position from the central axis of the deflection yoke. The coefficients of the power series are calculated by symbolically differentiating the magnetic field expressed by the surface magnetic charge method formulation. The boundary position for selecting either of the two formulations and the required highest order of the power series are determined by minimizing the summation of squared differences between the magnetic fields given by the proposed method and those given by the surface magnetic charge method at an off-center position. We compared the speed of the proposed method with the conventional surface magnetic charge method acid evaluated the picture quality on a screen. We found that the calculation time for the misconvergence was reduced to 1/63 that of the conventional method, with an accuracy of /spl plusmn/0.4 mm.

Accepted: 2000-01-07, 資料番号: SA1001786000

This paper presents a two dimensional mathematical model to evaluate transient heat and mass transfer in the metal hydride bed. Thermophysical properties of metal hydrides in this model depend on the reacted fraction. Hydriding and dehydriding kinetics are described by new model presented by Inomata et al. [1]. The result on velocity, temperature and composition distribution are presented and discussed. Moreover this paper discusses in detail the validity of several assumptions that the local gas temperature is equal to bed temperature and that the convection term in an energy equation for gas phase is neglected.

Out of plane measurements of the angular correlations for the 12C(e, e(')n) reaction have been performed for the first time in the giant resonance region. The cross sections were directly separated into the longitudinal and transverse, longitudinal-transverse, and transverse-transverse components. The cross section at the peak of the giant resonance ( omega = 22.5 MeV) has been found to be almost all longitudinal. It was reproduced by the multipole expansion with E0 and E2 components besides E1. The longitudinal-transverse component might have a maximum around 24 MeV. The transverse-transverse component is very small over the giant resonance.

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 is a multifunctional cytokine that mediates apoptotic cell death in human lymphocytes in vitro. To better understand the mechanism through which TGF-beta1 exerts its apoptotic effect, we investigated the role of TGF-beta1 in the relationship between burn injury and cell death of splenocytes in a mouse model of either 0%, 25%, or 40% full-thickness burns. Mice were killed and spleens were harvested at 15 and 30 minutes and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the burn. The spleens were divided and used for both histologic analyses with H-E stain and TUNEL stain and for total messenger RNA isolation and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction amplification. Amplified polymerase chain reaction products were analyzed for signal strength by electrophoresis. TGF-beta1 RNA expression was highest at 2 hours after the burn injuries in the 40% full-thickness burns and at 4 hours after the burn injuries in the 25% full-thickness burns. The relative increase in TGF-beta1 RNA was 3 times greater with the larger burn than with the smaller burn. In histologic analysis, splenocyte apoptotic cell death was observed at 4 to 24 hours after the burn in the 40% full-thickness burns but at only 4 to 12 hours in the 25% full-thickness burns. TGF-beta1 RNA peak expression was observed at different times after the burn in 25% and 40% full-thickness burns. Histologic analysis showed apoptotic cell death in proportion with respective messenger RNA expressions. This suggests that TGF-beta1 may be associated with apoptosis of splenocytes in vivo and that the effect of TGF-beta1 after a burn injury may be important in the immune system.

Since the first Japanese electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRISs) constructed, several tens of ECRISs have been used in many Japanese laboratories. Even if we choose the ECRIS which has an operational frequency higher than 6 GHz, 20 ECRISs are used for various purposes. At the end of the 1990s, three 18 GHz ECRISs were successfully operated and produced an intense beam of highly charged ions at JAERI Takasaki, NIRS and RIKEN; i.e., 1 mA of Ar8+ and 300 eμA of Ar11+. Various improvements to increase the beam intensity have been done, concerning the aluminum cylinder, biased electrode method. In the last decade, over 50 kinds of metallic ions have been produced from ECRIS using various methods. In 1998, we started to construct new superconducting ECRIS and to perform new experiments of mass spectrometry using ECRIS. This article will review the ECRIS progress and discuss the mechanism to increase the beam intensity of highly charged ions. We also describe a future plan and its new application in Japan.

We performed a high-energy and high-fluence ion implantation, expecting to fabricate micromachines. (100) Si was bombarded by 3.1 MeV Au2+ ion with a fluence of 1017/cm2 at 95 K. Then an embedded layer was extracted after chemical etching (30% KOH, at 333 K). The stoichiometric change was evaluated by both experiments and simulation using TRIDYN. The experiments showed, although qualitatively, that Au clustering occurred even at a temperature lower than had ever been reported. From a critical ion fluence, which is necessary to extract a material after etching, we estimate a local concentration to be 1.0–1.2 at. %, which caused a physicochemical change by Au doping. A probable model for the clustering is proposed. It is a nonthermal atomic transfer mechanism following the electronic excitation. Here the electronic stopping power just beneath the surface is 140 eV/A, which is large enough to ionize valence electrons of Si. Also, a wide amorphized region supports an unstable electrostatic field, which should...