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201. Habitual alcohol consumption associated with reduced semen quality and changes in reproductive hormones; a cross-sectional study among 1221 young Danish men

Author

Jensen, Tina Kold, Gottschau, Mads, Madsen, Jens Otto Broby, Andersson, Anne-Maria, Lassen, Tina H, Skakkebæk, Niels E, Swan, Shanna H, Priskorn, Lærke, Juul, Anders, Jørgensen, Niels, Jensen, Tina Kold, Gottschau, Mads, Madsen, Jens Otto Broby, Andersson, Anne-Maria, Lassen, Tina H, Skakkebæk, Niels E, Swan, Shanna H, Priskorn, Lærke, Juul, Anders, and Jørgensen, Niels

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Study associations between three measures of alcohol consumption (recent, typical/habitual, binging), semen quality and serum reproductive hormones. DESIGN: Cross-sectional population based study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: 1221 young Danish men, aged 18-28 years were recruited when they attended a compulsory medical examination to determine their fitness for military service from 2008 to 2012. Total alcohol consumption: (1) in the week preceding (habitual/typical) the visit (recent alcohol intake), (2) in a typical week and (3) frequency of 'binge drinking' (consuming more than 5 units/day)) in the past 30 days was estimated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Semen quality (volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, and percentages of motile and morphologically normal spermatozoa) and serum concentration of reproductive hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, oestradiol, free testosterone and inhibin B). RESULTS: Sperm concentration, total sperm count and percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology were negatively associated with increasing habitual alcohol intake. This association was observed in men reporting at least 5 units in a typical week but was most pronounced for men with a typical intake of more than 25 units/week. Men with a typical weekly intake above 40 units had a 33% (95% CI 11% to 59%) reduction in sperm concentration compared to men with an intake of 1-5 units/week. A significant increase in serum free testosterone with increasing alcohol consumption the week preceding the visit was found. Binging was not independently associated with semen quality.CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that even modest habitual alcohol consumption of more than 5 units per week had adverse effects on semen quality although most pronounced associations were seen in men who consumed more than 25 units per week. Alcohol consumption was also linked to changes in testosterone a

Published
2014

213. Shorter anogenital distance predicts poorer semen quality in young men in Rochester, New York

Author

Mendiola, Jaime, Stahlhut, Richard W, Jørgensen, Niels, Liu, Fan, Swan, Shanna H, Mendiola, Jaime, Stahlhut, Richard W, Jørgensen, Niels, Liu, Fan, and Swan, Shanna H

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In male rodents, anogenital distance (AGD) provides a sensitive and continuous correlate of androgen exposure in the intrauterine environment and predicts later reproductive success. Some endocrine-disrupting chemicals can alter male reproductive tract development, including shortening AGD, in both rodents and humans. Whether AGD is related to semen quality in human is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We examined associations between AGD and semen parameters in adult males. METHODS: We used multiple regression analyses to model the relationships between sperm parameters and two alternative measures of AGD [from the anus to the posterior base of the scrotum (AGD(AS)) and to the cephalad insertion of the penis (AGD(AP))] in 126 volunteers in Rochester, New York. RESULTS: AGD(AS), but not AGD(AP), was associated with sperm concentration, motility, morphology, total sperm count, and total motile count (p-values, 0.002-0.048). Men with AGD(AS) below (vs. above) the median were 7.3 times more likely (95% confidence interval, 2.5-21.6) to have a low sperm concentration (< 20 × 106/mL). For a typical study participant, sperm concentrations were 34.7 × 106/mL and 51.6 × 106/mL at the 25th and 75th percentiles of (adjusted) AGD(AS). CONCLUSIONS: In our population, AGD(AS) was a strong correlate of all semen parameters and a predictor of low sperm concentration. In animals, male AGD at birth reflects androgen levels during the masculinization programming window and predicts adult AGD and reproductive function. Our results suggest, therefore, that the androgenic environment during early fetal life exerts a fundamental influence on both AGD and adult sperm counts in humans, as demonstrated in rodents.

Published
2011

214. Serum inhibin-b in fertile men is strongly correlated with low but not high sperm counts: a coordinated study of 1,797 European and US men

Author

Jørgensen, Niels, Liu, Fan, Andersson, Anna-Maria, Vierula, Matti, Irvine, D Stewart, Auger, Jacques, Brazil, Charlene K, Drobnis, Erma Z, Jensen, Tina K, Jouannet, Pierre, Overstreet, James W, Redmon, J Bruce, Sparks, Amy, Toppari, Jorma, Wang, Christina, Skakkebæk, Niels E, Swan, Shanna H, Jørgensen, Niels, Liu, Fan, Andersson, Anna-Maria, Vierula, Matti, Irvine, D Stewart, Auger, Jacques, Brazil, Charlene K, Drobnis, Erma Z, Jensen, Tina K, Jouannet, Pierre, Overstreet, James W, Redmon, J Bruce, Sparks, Amy, Toppari, Jorma, Wang, Christina, Skakkebæk, Niels E, and Swan, Shanna H

Abstract

To describe associations between serum inhibin-b and sperm counts, adjusted for effect of time of blood sampling, in larger cohorts than have been previously reported.

Published
2010

215. Are environmental levels of bisphenol a associated with reproductive function in fertile men?

Author

Mendiola, Jaime, Jørgensen, Niels, Andersson, Anna-Maria, Calafat, Antonia M, Ye, Xiaoyun, Redmon, J Bruce, Drobnis, Erma Z, Wang, Christina, Sparks, Amy, Thurston, Sally W, Liu, Fan, Swan, Shanna H, Mendiola, Jaime, Jørgensen, Niels, Andersson, Anna-Maria, Calafat, Antonia M, Ye, Xiaoyun, Redmon, J Bruce, Drobnis, Erma Z, Wang, Christina, Sparks, Amy, Thurston, Sally W, Liu, Fan, and Swan, Shanna H

Abstract

Rodent and in vitro studies have demonstrated the estrogenicity of bisphenol A (BPA). However, few studies have examined the relationship between human exposure to BPA and male reproductive function.

Published
2010

216. Examination of US puberty-timing data from 1940 to 1994 for secular trends:panel findings

Author

Euling, Susan Y, Herman-Giddens, Marcia E, Lee, Peter A, Selevan, Sherry G, Juul, Anders, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Dunkel, Leo, Himes, John H, Teilmann, Grete, Swan, Shanna H, Euling, Susan Y, Herman-Giddens, Marcia E, Lee, Peter A, Selevan, Sherry G, Juul, Anders, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Dunkel, Leo, Himes, John H, Teilmann, Grete, and Swan, Shanna H

Abstract

Whether children, especially girls, are entering and progressing through puberty earlier today than in the mid-1900s has been debated. Secular trend analysis, based on available data, is limited by data comparability among studies in different populations, in different periods of time, and using different methods. As a result, conclusions from data comparisons have not been consistent. An expert panel was asked to evaluate the weight of evidence for whether the data, collected from 1940 to 1994, are sufficient to suggest or establish a secular trend in the timing of puberty markers in US boys or girls. A majority of the panelists agreed that data are sufficient to suggest a trend toward an earlier breast development onset and menarche in girls but not for other female pubertal markers. A minority of panelists concluded that the current data on girls' puberty timing for any marker are insufficient. Almost all panelists concluded, on the basis of few studies and reliability issues of some male puberty markers, that current data for boys are insufficient to evaluate secular trends in male pubertal development. The panel agreed that altered puberty timing should be considered an adverse effect, although the magnitude of change considered adverse was not assessed. The panel recommended (1) additional analyses of existing puberty-timing data to examine secular trends and trends in the temporal sequence of pubertal events; (2) the development of biomarkers for pubertal timing and methods to discriminate fat versus breast tissue, and (3) establishment of cohorts to examine pubertal markers longitudinally within the same individuals.

Published
2008

217. Misuse of blood serum to assess exposure to bisphenol A and phthalates

Author

Calafat, Antonia M, primary, Koch, Holger M, additional, Swan, Shanna H, additional, Hauser, Russ, additional, Goldman, Lynn R, additional, Lanphear, Bruce P, additional, Longnecker, Matthew P, additional, Rudel, Ruthann A, additional, Teitelbaum, Susan L, additional, Whyatt, Robin M, additional, and Wolff, Mary S, additional

Published
2013
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223. Intake of Fruits and Vegetables with Low-to-Moderate Pesticide Residues Is Positively Associated with Semen-Quality Parameters among Young Healthy Men.

Author

Yu-Han Chiu, Gaskins, Audrey J., Williams, Paige L., Mendiola, Jaime, Jørgensen, Niels, Levine, Hagai, Hauser, Russ, Swan, Shanna H., Chavarro, Jorge E., and Chiu, Yu-Han

Subjects
PESTICIDE residues in food, FOOD contamination, SEMEN analysis, SPERMATOZOA, INDUSTRIAL toxicology, FRUIT in human nutrition, VEGETABLES in human nutrition, DIET, FOOD habits, FRUIT, SEX hormones, PESTICIDES, RESEARCH funding, SEMEN, SURVEYS, VEGETABLES, ENVIRONMENTAL exposure, CROSS-sectional method, SPERM count
Abstract

Background: Numerous studies have shown that occupational or environmental pesticide exposure can affect male fertility. There is less evidence, however, regarding any potentially adverse effects of pesticide residues in foods on markers of male fertility potential.Objectives: We examined the relations between fruit and vegetable intake, considering pesticide residue status, and semen quality and serum concentrations of reproductive hormones in healthy young men.Methods: The Rochester Young Men's Study is a cross-sectional study that recruited men aged 18-22 y (n = 189) in Rochester, New York. Participants completed a questionnaire, provided a semen sample, had a blood sample drawn, and underwent a physical examination at enrollment. Semen samples were analyzed for total sperm count, sperm concentration, morphology, motility, ejaculate volume, total motile count, and total normal count. Dietary intake during the previous year was assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Fruit and vegetables were categorized as having high [Pesticide Residue Burden Score (PRBS) ≥4] or low-to-moderate (PRBS <4) pesticide residues on the basis of data from the USDA Pesticide Data Program. Linear regression models were used to analyze the associations of fruit and vegetable intake with semen variables and reproductive hormones while adjusting for potential confounding factors.Results: The total intake of fruit and vegetables was unrelated to semen quality. However, the intake of fruit and vegetables with low-to-moderate pesticide residues was associated with a higher total sperm count and sperm concentration, whereas the intake of fruit and vegetables with high pesticide residues was unrelated to semen quality. On average, men in the highest quartile of low-to-moderate-pesticide fruit and vegetable intake (≥2.8 servings/d) had a 169% (95% CI: 45%, 400%) higher total sperm count and a 173% (95% CI: 57%, 375%) higher sperm concentration than did men in the lowest quartile (<1.1 servings/d; P-trend = 0.003 and 0.0005, respectively). The intake of fruit and vegetables, regardless of pesticide-residue status, was not associated with reproductive hormone concentrations.Conclusions: The consumption of fruit and vegetables with low-to-moderate pesticide residues was positively related to sperm counts in young men unselected by fertility status. This suggests that pesticide residues may modify the beneficial effects of fruit and vegetable intake on semen quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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224. Prenatal Stress as a Modifier of Associations between Phthalate Exposure and Reproductive Development: results from a Multicentre Pregnancy Cohort Study.

Author

Barrett, Emily S., Parlett, Lauren E., Sathyanarayana, Sheela, Redmon, J. Bruce, Nguyen, Ruby H. N., and Swan, Shanna H.

Subjects
PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of phthalate esters, ESTERS, PHTHALIC acid, PREGNANCY, CONCEPTION, PENIS abnormalities, ANAL abnormalities, COMPARATIVE studies, LONGITUDINAL method, RESEARCH methodology, MEDICAL cooperation, PHYSICAL diagnosis, PLASTICS, PREGNANCY complications, DURATION of pregnancy, RESEARCH, RESEARCH funding, SCROTUM, PSYCHOLOGICAL stress, EVALUATION research, CARBOCYCLIC acids, PRENATAL exposure delayed effects, DRUG-induced abnormalities, MATERNAL exposure
Abstract

Background: Prenatal phthalate exposure is associated with altered male reproductive tract development, and in particular, shorter anogenital distance (AGD). AGD, a sexually dimorphic index of prenatal androgen exposure, may also be altered by prenatal stress. How these exposures interact to impact AGD is unknown. Here, we examine the extent to which associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and infant AGD are modified by prenatal exposure to stressful life events (SLEs).Methods: Phthalate metabolites [including those of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and their molar sum (ΣDEHP)] were measured in first trimester urine from 738 pregnant women participating in The Infant Development and the Environment Study (TIDES). Women completed questionnaires on SLEs, and permitted infant AGD measurements at birth. Subjects were classified as 'lower' and 'higher' stress (0 first trimester SLEs vs. 1+).We estimated relationships between phthalate concentrations and AGD (by infant sex and stress group) using adjusted multiple regression interaction models.Results: In the lower stress group, first trimester ΣDEHP was inversely associated with two measures of male AGD: anoscrotal distance (AGD-AS; β = -1.78; 95% CI -2.97, -0.59) and anopenile distance (AGD-AP; β = -1.61; 95% CI -3.01, -0.22). By contrast, associations in the higher stress group were mostly positive and non-significant in male infants. No associations were observed in girls.Conclusions: Associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and altered genital development were only apparent in sons of mothers who reported no SLEs during pregnancy. Prenatal stress and phthalates may interact to shape fetal development in ways that have not been previously explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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225. Toward a multi-country monitoring system of reproductive health in the context of endocrine disrupting chemical exposure.

Author

Le Moal, Joëlle, Sharpe, Richard M., Jørgensen, Niels, Levine, Hagai, Jurewicz, Joanna, Mendiola, Jaime, Swan, Shanna H., Virtanen, Helena, Christin-Maître, Sophie, Cordier, Sylvaine, Toppari, Jorma, and Hanke, Wojciech

Subjects
BREAST tumors, CLINICAL medicine, ENDOMETRIOSIS, HAZARDOUS substances, SEX hormones, PROSTATE tumors, PUBLIC health surveillance, RESEARCH funding, UTERINE fibroids, UTERINE diseases, REPRODUCTIVE health, ENVIRONMENTAL exposure, KEY performance indicators (Management), DISEASE incidence
Abstract

Background: Worrying trends regarding human reproductive endpoints (e.g. semen quality, reproductive cancers) have been reported and there is growing circumstantial evidence for a possible causal link between these trends and exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). However, there is a striking lack of human data to fill the current knowledge gaps. To answer the crucial questions raised on human reproductive health, there is an urgent need for a reproductive surveillance system to be shared across countries. Methods: A multidisciplinary network named HUman Reproductive health and Global ENvironment Network (HURGENT) was created aiming at designing a European monitoring system for reproductive health indicators. Collaborative work allowed setting up the available knowledge to design such a system. Furthermore we conducted an overview of 23 potential indicators, based upon a weight of evidence (WoE) approach according to their potential relation with EDC exposure. Results: The framework and purposes of the surveillance system are settled as well as the approach to select suitable reproductive indicators. The indicators found with the highest scores according to the WoE approach are prostate and breast cancer incidence, sex ratio, endometriosis and uterine fibroid incidence, indicators related to the testicular dysgenesis syndrome, precocious puberty incidence and reproductive hormone levels. Conclusion: Not only sentinel health endpoints, but also diseases with high burdens in public health are highlighted as prior indicators in the context of EDC exposure. Our work can serve as a basis to construct, as soon as possible, the first multi-country reproductive monitoring system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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228. Estimated daily phthalate exposures in a population of mothers of male infants exhibiting reduced anogenital distance.

Author

Marsee, Kevin, Marsee, Kevin, Woodruff, Tracey J, Axelrad, Daniel A, Calafat, Antonia M, Swan, Shanna H, Marsee, Kevin, Marsee, Kevin, Woodruff, Tracey J, Axelrad, Daniel A, Calafat, Antonia M, and Swan, Shanna H

Abstract

Phthalate diesters have been shown to be developmental and reproductive toxicants in animal studies. A recent epidemiologic study showed certain phthalates to be significantly associated with reduced anogenital distance in human male infants, the first evidence of subtle developmental effects in human male infants exposed prenatally to phthalates. We used two previously published methods to estimate the daily phthalate exposures for the four phthalates whose urinary metabolites were statistically significantly associated with developmental effects in the 214 mother-infant pairs [di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) , diethyl phthalate (DEP) , butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP) , diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) ] and for another important phthalate [di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) ]. We estimated the median and 95th percentile of daily exposures to DBP to be 0.99 and 2.68 microg/kg/day, respectively ; for DEP, 6.64 and 112.3 microg/kg/day ; for BBzP, 0.50 and 2.47 microg/kg/day ; and for DEHP, 1.32 and 9.32 microg/kg/day. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reference doses for these chemicals are 100 (DBP) , 800 (DEP) , 200 (BBzP) , and 20 (DEHP) microg/kg/day. The median and 95th percentile exposure estimates for the phthalates associated with reduced anogenital distance in the study population are substantially lower than current U.S. EPA reference doses for these chemicals and could be informative to any updates of the hazard assessments and risk assessments for these chemicals.

Published
2006

229. O-001

Author

Mendiola, Jaime, primary, Stahlhut, Richard W., additional, Jorgensen, Niels, additional, Liu, Fan, additional, and Swan, Shanna H., additional

Published
2012
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231. Urinary Concentrations of Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Metabolites and Serum Reproductive Hormones: Pooled Analysis of Fertile and Infertile Men

Author

Mendiola, Jaime, primary, Meeker, John D., additional, Jørgensen, Niels, additional, Andersson, Anna‐Maria, additional, Liu, Fan, additional, Calafat, Antonia M., additional, Redmon, J. Bruce, additional, Drobnis, Erma Z., additional, Sparks, Amy E., additional, Wang, Christina, additional, Hauser, Russ, additional, and Swan, Shanna H., additional

Published
2012
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232. Early Prenatal Phthalate Exposure, Sex Steroid Hormones, and Birth Outcomes.

Author

Sathyanarayana, Sheela, Butts, Samantha, Wang, Christina, Barrett, Emily, Nguyen, Ruby, Schwartz, Stephen M, Haaland, Wren, and Swan, Shanna H

Abstract

Adequate sex steroid hormone concentrations are essential for normal fetal genital development in early pregnancy. Our previous study demonstrated an inverse relationship between third-trimester di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate exposure and total testosterone (TT) concentrations. Here, we examine early-pregnancy phthalates, sex steroid hormone concentrations, and newborn reproductive outcomes.

Published
2017
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234. Serum inhibin-b in fertile men is strongly correlated with low but not high sperm counts: a coordinated study of 1,797 European and US men

Author

Jørgensen, Niels, primary, Liu, Fan, additional, Andersson, Anna-Maria, additional, Vierula, Matti, additional, Irvine, D. Stewart, additional, Auger, Jacques, additional, Brazil, Charlene K., additional, Drobnis, Erma Z., additional, Jensen, Tina K., additional, Jouannet, Pierre, additional, Overstreet, James W., additional, Redmon, J. Bruce, additional, Sparks, Amy, additional, Toppari, Jorma, additional, Wang, Christina, additional, Skakkebæk, Niels E., additional, and Swan, Shanna H., additional

Published
2010
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237. Historical cohort investigation of spontaneous abortion in the semiconductor health study: Epidemiologic methods and analyses of risk in fabrication overall and in fabrication work groups

Author

Beaumont, James J., primary, Swan, Shanna H., additional, Hammond, S. Katharine, additional, Samuels, Steven J., additional, Green, Rochelle S., additional, Hallock, Marilyn F., additional, Dominguez, Carol, additional, Boyd, Peggy, additional, and Schenker, Marc B., additional

Published
2010
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239. Semen quality in fertile men in relation to psychosocial stress

Author

Gollenberg, Audra L., primary, Liu, Fan, additional, Brazil, Charlene, additional, Drobnis, Erma Z., additional, Guzick, David, additional, Overstreet, James W., additional, Redmon, James B., additional, Sparks, Amy, additional, Wang, Christina, additional, and Swan, Shanna H., additional

Published
2010
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241. Our plastic age

Author

Thompson, Richard C., primary, Swan, Shanna H., additional, Moore, Charles J., additional, and vom Saal, Frederick S., additional

Published
2009
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244. Judging Science

Author

Gold, Jay A., Zaremski, Miles J., Lev, Elaine Rappaport, Shefrin, Deborah H., and Swan, Shanna H.

Published
1993

245. Meeting Report: Measuring Endocrine-Sensitive Endpoints within the First Years of Life

Author

Arbuckle, Tye E., primary, Hauser, Russ, additional, Swan, Shanna H., additional, Mao, Catherine S., additional, Longnecker, Matthew P., additional, Main, Katharina M., additional, Whyatt, Robin M., additional, Mendola, Pauline, additional, Legrand, Melissa, additional, Rovet, Joanne, additional, Till, Christine, additional, Wade, Mike, additional, Jarrell, John, additional, Matthews, Stephen, additional, Van Vliet, Guy, additional, Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf, additional, and Mieusset, Roger, additional

Published
2008
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246. Baby Care Products: In Reply

Author

Sathyanarayana, Sheela, primary, Calafat, Antonia M., additional, Karr, Catherine J., additional, Lozano, Paula, additional, Brown, Elizabeth, additional, and Swan, Shanna H., additional

Published
2008
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247. Environmental Factors and Puberty Timing: Expert Panel Research Needs

Author

Buck Louis, Germaine M., primary, Gray, L. Earl, additional, Marcus, Michele, additional, Ojeda, Sergio R., additional, Pescovitz, Ora H., additional, Witchel, Selma Feldman, additional, Sippell, Wolfgang, additional, Abbott, David H., additional, Soto, Ana, additional, Tyl, Rochelle W., additional, Bourguignon, Jean-Pierre, additional, Skakkebaek, Niels E., additional, Swan, Shanna H., additional, Golub, Mari S., additional, Wabitsch, Martin, additional, Toppari, Jorma, additional, and Euling, Susan Y., additional

Published
2008
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