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Portugal and Spain share one of the greatest European borderland areas. This fact has direct impacts on a large territory and consequently on the communities’ living in it. Still, even if the border areas represent an essential fraction of the territory, planning policies have not resulted in specific cooperation programs that could enable sharing general leisure and recreation assets and infrastructures and collaboration in critical domains—i.e., the case of the health sector. The present study aims to assess the territorial accessibility to the hemodynamic rooms by the potential population of the Spanish-Portuguese transition areas that may suffer an acute myocardial infarction. Contextually, this study employed a spatial interaction model based on the three-step floating catchment area method (method-3SFCA). By applying these methods, it was possible to develop a map of accessibility to health infrastructures equipped with hemodynamics rooms on both sides of the border that may answer the Spanish-Portuguese border populations’ needs. Besides, while granting valuable information for decision-makers regarding the need to develop new infrastructures to guarantee that even considering cross border cooperation, everyone gets access to a hemodynamics room within the critical intervention period. GR18052, GR18054, 018/RID/2018/19 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Pollution generated by the fashion industry drives people to pay attention to fashion companies’ sustainability practice. This increase in attention has induced vast literature studying the related...

espanolEl presente trabajo explica el modelo de ciudad en Colombia mediante el logro de los ODS en el marco de la agenda 2030 que regularon la planificacion y ordenacion del territorio teniendo en cuenta multiples factores sociales, economicos, ambientales y tecnicos en diferentes aspectos como es la prestacion de servicios publicos basicos, las politicas de seguridad y salubridad, y el manejo del espacio publico. Esta ultima preocupacion bajo una planificacion adecuada y sostenible de las ciudades y la garantia internacional del Derecho a la Ciudad. EnglishThe present work explains the city model in Colombia by achieving the objectives under the 2030 agenda that regulated the planning and planning of the territory taking into account multiple social, economic, environmental and technical factors in different aspects such as the provision of basic public services, safety and health policies, and the management of public space. This last concern under proper and sustainable planning of cities and the international guarantee of the Right to the City.

The aim of this article is to select the optimum green energy sources for sustainable planning from a given set of energy alternatives. This study examines the combined behavior of multi-criteria decision-making approaches-TOPSIS, MOOSRA and COPRAS are used to evaluate the green energy sources–solar, hydro, biogas and biomass and to identify the optimum source by appraising its functioning features based on entropy probability technique. An illustrative case study is presented in order to demonstrate the application feasibility of the combined approaches for the ranking of optimum green energy sources. The analyzed results show that biogas is the optimum green energy source having the highest score value obtained by combined approaches. The sensitivity analysis shows the robustness of the combined approaches with the highest effectiveness. The study not only considers the various cost criteria but other actors like power generation, implementation period and useful life are also considered to select the optimum green energy sources for future project investment.

Water being one of the most important elements for life on earth and the planetary ecosystem as a whole, it is widely recognized by both society and the United Nations as one of the most important research problems of the modern world. One of the difficulties faced by this system has to do with the management of water treatment plants in the context of sustainable development. This article introduces a decision-making support system conceived to develop an optimal planning aimed at the efficiency and sustainability of the drinking water treatment chain. The system is made up of a mathematical programming model and a solution procedure for the optimal planning of the water treatment in a bi-objective context. Thus, the first objective maximizes profit and the second one minimizes the emission of pollutants. The following constraints are considered: mass balances, production capacities of the different water production echelons and their specific conditions, water supply and demand, and the technically permissible levels of pollutants, which are generically suggested, regardless of the technologies and production alternatives. Due to its particular nature, the model allows solving any instance of the problem in excellent CPU times.

The Generation Expansion Planning (GEP) stands as one as one of the most discussed topics within the academia and decision makers in the energy sector, especially related to meeting deep emission reduction targets. Every country, aiming at decarbonizing its economy, focuses on the application of policies that could enhance the penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in its power capacity mix. GEP is a complex task, combining techno-economic, financial, spatial and environmental characteristics. Several models are developed to model GEP, applying different methodological approaches. The underlying theory is very important as it might inherit bias in the resulted outcomes. The debate on the appropriateness of each methodology is increased, especially as projected outlooks deviate from reality. The paper aims to provide a review of the models employed to integrate RES in the GEP. The paper classifies models in three generic categories: optimisation models, general/partial equilibrium models and alternative models, not adopting the optimum integration of RES in the GEP. It provides insights on the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of the theoretical approaches implemented, as well on their suitability for different aspects of the problem, contributing in the better understanding on the expected outcomes of each methodology.

This is an exploratory study of Health and Environment conditions concerning 132 countries in the world, that lead to produce a ranking among 21 Iberoamerican countries, based on World Bank Data (2015) and the guide for sustainable planning – GPS prepared by the Future Studies Center of PUC-SP (Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo) for the Observatory of the Iberoamerican Region - ORIBER. Through a mixture of Multivariate Statistical Analysis techniques this work came to a list of 10 most representative variables of Health and Environment development of the Latin American Region that help to build a rank and classified the region into levels of development, that may help for strategic planning, monitoring and control at a country and regional base

This paper takes into view the broad range of contemporary conflicts regarding outdoor lighting. It proposes a working-definition that allows for differentiating lighting conflicts from other forms of lighting-related contention, as well as an analytical framework that allows for the structured description of individual lighting conflicts, and the comparative analysis of multiple cases. The analytical framework was developed based on the social-scientific analysis of media reports of existing conflict cases in Europe and North America, and informed by existing knowledge from the fields of lighting and conflict studies. A central challenge for developing such a framework is dealing with the high level of contingency and complexity of lighting conflicts. The framework reduces this complexity by focusing its field of vision to those aspects that are directly related to the lighting and its contestation. For each of these aspects, it provides sets of descriptive variables that allow for describing the conflicts’ individuality in a standardized – and thus comparable – way. The framework strictly separates the regarded aspects from their judgment by the conflict parties, making it possible to contrast their views on one and the same lighting situation. A visual template supports the process of analysis. It allows for depicting individual cases in short, and for clearly identifying where perspectives differ. At the multiple-case level, the framework not only opens up possibilities for spatial and temporal comparisons of lighting conflicts and the subsequent development of typologies, but also for harnessing their potential for informing the development of more sustainable planning and policy approaches for artificial lighting.

The great degree of human development in recent centuries has generated an environmental problem: the spread of human activities through the landscape without sustainable planning. Currently, most natural areas of the planet that are protected for their natural resources have not been impacted by linear infrastructure. The landscape is one of the natural resources that is adversely affected by linear infrastructure. In this short essay, a methodological procedure is described that is easy to use and cost effective and allows for early stage environmental planning. The method uses environmental assessment maps in which weighted pixel values for landscape quality and visual fragility are predetermined. GIS techniques, such as accumulated costs and driving direction scripts, are used to calculate linear infrastructure routes that have the lowest environmental impact. The optimal path is generated by quantitatively calculating the impact of each map pixel along the route such that alternative routes can be selected prior to construction. This method is a powerful tool for environmental modelling focused on the avoidance of environmental impacts during the assessment phase of a project.

Findings coming from many research projects focused on city logistics (SUGAR, BESTFACT, BESTUFS, ENCLOSE, etc.) show not only a great need for appropriate data collection (statistical, dynamic) that allows to specify cargo flow rate and its direction but also for drawing the correct conclusion from the data (data acquisition and analysis). Collection of comprehensive data is a basis for creating strategic plans of logistic and spatial development, introduce stimulus mechanism and confine to selected ways of acting at the local level. This paper aims to present and discuss the result of survey carried out within the area of the City of Poznan among economic entities conducting economic activity within its area. The goal of the survey was to estimate and understand the freight demand generated by the economic activities in the Poznan Functional Urban Area – FUA (obtain information on the urban freight processes, infrastructure and its stakeholders in the area). The research is a part of the European SULPiTER research project (Sustainable Urban Logistics Planning To Enhance Regional freight transport), the leading theme of which is the sustainable planning of urban logistics for cities and regions.

Although the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) has made a considerable contribution to increasing transport infrastructure and improving transport services, it still often seems that border regions have reduced accessibility compared to central regions. The Iberian border regions of Alto-Alentejo (Portugal) and Badajoz (Spain) were analyzed. Studies conducted in the Iberian territories confirm some of these regions’ unsustainability and the non-impact on the inhabitants’ quality of life. Also, a few questions arise: Can we verify the change in methods and measures used by development strategies? Is it necessary to acquire a more comprehensive view of corridor flows and interactions through common regional development strategies for managing development corridors? Will we influence the change of the methodological approach to be strategic and that it does not imply a corridor only in terms of the flow and mobility of people and goods, but also the search for the causes of movements in growth corridors? So, infrastructure and connectivity planning, regional economic development, and land use planning are critical contexts in developing territorial policies in the planning of development of corridors and their integration into development processes. This study proposes a framework for strategic corridor governance to increase accessibility and regional equity.

Demand for continuous and reliable power supply has significantly increased, especially in this Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. In this regard, adequate planning of electrical power systems considering persistent load growth, increased integration of distributed generators (DGs), optimal system operation during N-1 contingencies, and compliance to the existing system constraints are paramount. However, these issues need to be parallelly addressed for optimum distribution system planning. Consequently, the planning optimization problem would become more complex due to the various technical and operational constraints as well as the enormous search space. To address these considerations, this paper proposes a strategy to obtain one optimal solution for the distribution system expansion planning by considering N-1 system contingencies for all branches and DG optimal sizing and placement as well as fluctuations in the load profiles. In this work, a hybrid firefly algorithm and particle swarm optimization (FA-PSO) was proposed to determine the optimal solution for the expansion planning problem. The validity of the proposed method was tested on IEEE 33- and 69-bus systems. The results show that incorporating DGs with optimal sizing and location minimizes the investment and power loss cost for the 33-bus system by 42.18% and 14.63%, respectively, and for the 69-system by 31.53% and 12%, respectively. In addition, comparative studies were done with a different model from the literature to verify the robustness of the proposed method.

The present study has been attempted to examine the trend and pattern of rainfall extremes over the Sahibi basin in the Rajasthan state of India for a period of 57 years (1961–2017). The daily rainfall data for nine stations located over the Sahibi basin have been obtained from the Department of Water Resources, Rajasthan. A total of ten indices which reflect the number, magnitude, intensity, and duration of rainfall extremes have been used. Statistical methods such as Mann–Kendall test, Sen’s slope estimator, and linear regression have been employed to detect the trends in rainfall extremes. The entire analysis has been performed for the annual and monsoon (June–September) period. The results have shown nonsignificant positive trends in very wet day rainfall and moderate rainfall days, whereas a decrease in consecutive dry days and other most of extreme rainfall indices has been observed. Thanagaji station has recorded maximum rainfall with a decreasing trend during the study period. Annual maximum 1- and 3-day rainfall has been found highest over Kotkasim station with a significant increasing trend. The number of extreme rainfall days over the basin has been found almost negligible. The trends and pattern of annual and monsoonal rainfall extremes over the Sahibi basin have been found almost identical as most of the mean annual rainfall occurs during the monsoon season. These results may be valuable for efficient and sustainable planning and management of water resources for agricultural purposes in the basin.

Faced by a scenario of climate changes, accelerated urbanization and increase of people living in cities, the world is now between discussions about how reverse or mitigate the impacts arising of the urban center’s development, enhanced by urban sprawl. Despite the fact of large cities normally being focus of serious and advanced problems, some of the small and medium-sized developing cities exhibit similar growth processes, in addition to considerable rates of urban and economic expansion. The proposal is to discuss ways to contribute to the development and growth of these cities through measures aimed at urban sustainability. This work aims to discuss how population density can be used as a tool in sustainable urban design, in a case study in Primavera do Leste, MT. Through satellite images, the analysis of the increase in the urban area was used as a method, as well as the characterization of the general urban morphology adopted to identify the city’s density distribution. This context made it possible to understand the dynamics that oppose sustainable planning, but which contribute to the design of future scenarios, which makes clear the need to discuss new ways of planning and living the urban space., Ante un escenario de cambio climático, procesos de urbanización acelerados y aumento de la población urbana, el mundo se encuentra entre debates sobre cómo revertir o mitigar los impactos derivados del desarrollo de los centros urbanos, potenciados por la expansión de las ciudades. Los grandes centros tienen problemas graves y avanzados, pero algunas de las ciudades más pequeñas en desarrollo exhiben procesos de crecimiento similares y considerables tasas de expansión urbana y económica. Se propone discutir formas de contribuir al desarrollo y crecimiento de estas ciudades a través de medidas dirigidas a la sostenibilidad urbana. El objetivo es discutir cómo la densidad de población urbana se puede utilizar como una herramienta en el diseño urbano sostenible, en un estudio de caso en Primavera do Leste, MT. A través de imágenes de satélite, se utilizó como método el análisis de la evolución en área urbana, así como la caracterización de la morfología general adoptada como forma de distribuir la densidad de población en la ciudad. Este estudio permitió identificar y comprender dinámicas opuestas a la planificación sostenible, pero que contribuyen al diseño de escenarios futuros, que aclaran la necesidad de discutir nuevas formas de planificar y vivir el espacio urbano., Diante de um cenário de mudanças climáticas, processos de urbanização acelerados e aumento da população residente em cidades, o mundo se coloca entre debates sobre como reverter ou mitigar os impactos provenientes do desenvolvimento dos centros urbanos, potencializados pelo espraiamento das cidades. Apesar de os grandes centros protagonizarem problemas graves e avançados, algumas das pequenas e médias cidades em desenvolvimento exibem processos de crescimento semelhantes, além de índices consideráveis de expansão urbana e econômica. Propõe-se discutir maneiras de se contribuir no desenvolvimento e crescimento dessas cidades por meio de medidas direcionadas à sustentabilidade urbana. Este trabalho tem por objetivo discutir como a densidade urbana populacional pode ser utilizada como ferramenta no desenho urbano sustentável, num estudo de caso em Primavera do Leste, MT. Por meio de imagens de satélite, utilizou-se como método a análise do aumento da mancha urbana, bem como a caracterização da morfologia geral adotada como forma de distribuição da densidade populacional na cidade. Esse estudo possibilitou a identificação e o entendimento de dinâmicas opostas ao planejamento sustentável, mas que contribuem no desenho de futuros cenários, projeções que deixam claro a necessidade de se discutir novas formas de planejar e viver o espaço urbano.

In Santarém, as in several Portuguese historic urban centres, population decline and aging have compromised social cohesion and economic vitality, and parts of the Historic Centre have visibly deteriorated, resulting in risks to the public of crumbling façades. Sustainable development in urban areas must involve a reorientation of spatial planning policies to integrate older areas into wider urban and regional development frameworks, considering them as part of the wider territory. This paper proposes that the operationalisation of the recommendations of the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach can provide robust evidence, co-produced with local communities, supporting sustainable urban planning policies, and that such an approach is wholly consistent with EU and national planning and conservation legislation. Through focusing on the values, meanings and significance of place, the processes shaping the HUL of an empirical test neighbourhood, the Mouraria in Santarém, are brought into focus.

Sustainable planning of waste management is contingent on reliable data on waste characteristics and their variation across the seasons owing to the consequential environmental impact of such variation. Traditional waste characterization techniques in most developing countries are time-consuming and expensive; hence the need to address the issue from a modelling approach arises. In modelling the complexity within the system, a paradigm shift from the classical models to the intelligent models has been observed. The application of artificial intelligence models in waste management is gaining traction; however its application in predicting the physical composition of waste is still lacking. This study aims at investigating the optimal combinations of network architecture, training algorithm and activation functions that accurately predict the fraction of physical waste streams from meteorological parameters using artificial neural networks. The city of Johannesburg was used as a case study. Maximum temperature, minimum temperature, wind speed and humidity were used as input variables to predict the percentage composition of organic, paper, plastics and textile waste streams. Several sub-models were stimulated with combination of nine training algorithms and four activation functions in each single hidden layer topology with a range of 1–15 neurons. Performance metrics used to evaluate the accuracy of the system are, root mean square error, mean absolute deviation, mean absolute percentage error and correlation coefficient (R). Optimal architectures in the order of input layer-number of neurons in the hidden layer-output layer for predicting organic, paper, plastics and textile waste were 4-10-1, 4-14-1, 4-5-1 and 4-8-1 with R-values of 0.916, 0.862, 0.834 and 0.826, respectively at the testing phase. The result of the study verifies that waste composition prediction can be done in a single hidden-layer satisfactorily.

City Marketing has a strong tradition in Berlin, with two organisations, Berlin Partner and Visit Berlin, responsible for designing and implementing relevant strategies. Sustainability has been on and off the city marketing agenda, almost exclusively in its environmental dimension. In this article we examine the current representations of Berlin as a “sustainable city” in the official City Marketing strategies. We look at how sustainability is used and instrumentalized to create a specific city profile, and also to attract particular target groups in tourism. We propose an analysis of sustainable planning in Berlin since reunification, to show how it has moved into different directions over time and how this has (or has not) been followed by City Marketing. In this endeavour we move between the existing, and as we argue deeper and more sophisticated, environmental planning of the city on the one hand, and the reductions and simplifications of City Marketing representations on the other. Finally, we argue that there are inherent contradictions in marketing a sustainable city, where both in terms of tourism and economic development, the concept of growth seems to be reaching environmental limits.

It is well-known that the ultra-peripheral territories as Islands present several limitations such as the lack of resources, restricted land, mass tourism, and barriers to movement, and connectivity between urban centers. These obstacles make ultra-peripheral regions suitable case studies considering their territorial governance and consequently, sustainable development and growth. Thus, transportation and infrastructure sustainability in these regions are not an exception. Considering all the obstacles present in these regions, the accessibility and connectivity patterns that the local population has in these territories should be assessed and monitored. Thereby, through exploratory tools, the present research assumes to examine, using accessibility and connectivity indicators, the consequences across the social-economic dimension that the regional transportation and infrastructure should convey to the Azores Islands Archipelago populations. Therefore, this article allows us to set the present situation regarding this region&rsquo, s accessibility and connectivity patterns, creating an additional tool for supporting the main actors&rsquo, design and implementation of these territories&rsquo, future plans and strategies. Besides, this study enables us to recognize that Pico, Flores, and S&atilde, o Miguel are the ones with better accessibility patterns within the Azores Archipelago.

Study of the spatial and temporal trends of rainfall is very important for water resources planning and management. Therefore, this study has been attempted to examine the spatial and temporal trends and pattern of rainfall over the semiarid Sahibi Basin in Rajasthan State of India for a period of 57 years (1961–2017). Rainfall data for nine stations located over the basin have been obtained from the Department of Water Resources, Rajasthan. Statistical methods such as Mann–Kendall test, Sen’s slope estimator, and linear regression were employed to detect the rainfall trends. Percent change for rainfall, and years of excess and deficient rainfall, have also been identified. The findings have shown high interannual variability in mean annual rainfall with an average of 633.95 mm (SD = 204.93, CV = 32.33). However, no significant rising or declining trend has been observed in the mean annual rainfall over the basin during the 57-year period, whereas Kotkasim and Tapukara stations have shown significant increasing and decreasing trends, respectively. Further, pre-monsoon season rainfall has shown a significant increasing trend. Spatial analysis has shown an increase in rainfall amount from northeastern and western parts to the southeast. The observed spatial and temporal differences in the amount of rainfall are high. These results may be valuable for efficient and sustainable planning and management of water resources for agricultural purposes in the basin.

espanolEl litoral mediterraneo espanol es una region-riesgo frente a las inundaciones en el contexto europeo. El rio Segura en su tramo medio y bajo ha sido protagonista de eventos catastroficos de inundacion de forma frecuente en el ultimo siglo y medio. El ultimo episodio ocurrido, en septiembre de 2019, tras la canalizacion del curso fluvial despues de la riada de 1987, ha puesto de manifiesto que las soluciones estructurales no son suficientes para la reduccion del riesgo y son necesarias medidas integrales para la ordenacion y gestion sostenible del territorio. Todo ello en un contexto climatico de incertidumbre, que manifiesta ya los efectos del calentamiento atmosferico, en el que la modelizacion senala la mayor frecuencia de desarrollo de eventos meteorologicos extremos. El plan Vega Renhace es una apuesta estrategica para la adaptacion de la comarca del Bajo Segura al cambio climatico y la mejora de la resiliencia social, economica y territorial ante la elevada peligrosidad natural existente. EnglishThe Spanish Mediterranean coast is an European flood risk-region. The Middle and Lower Segura River has been protagonist of frequently catastrophic flood events in the last century and a half. The last episode that occurred, in September 2019, after the channelization of the river course after the 1987 flood, has shown that structural solutions are not enough to reduce risk and comprehensive measures are necessary for sustainable planning and management in this territory. All this in a climate context of uncertainty, which already manifests the effects of atmospheric warming, in which climate modelling indicates the higher frequency of development of extreme meteorological events. The Vega Renhace Plan is a strategic bet for the adaptation of the Bajo Segura territory to climate change and the improvement of social, economic and territorial resilience due to high natural hazards existing.

The paper tackles a topic related to the use of prime material and recycled materials in construction, in the framework of the circular economy, where recycled aggregates can be considered, in part or even totally, as second prime materials for the construction sector. In particular, the authors describe the main phases of the MEISAR project, developing a circular cluster territorial model so that the quantity of recyclable materials can be estimated and geolocalized in the most appropriate processing plant, as well as assessing the potential market. In the study we combine spatial planning problems and industrial location factors of natural and recycled aggregates and concrete production plants through the geospatial representation of the MEISAR map. The closed market of Sardinia is analyzed and, in particular, the case study of the new soccer stadium in Cagliari, which involves the demolition of the existing stadium that will represent a source of "secondary" raw materials for the construction of the new stadium designed by the consortium Sportium.

The ocean provides crucial resources for humanity and enables human existence, but its size and opaqueness limit our capacity for observation and understanding. A recent shift in focus toward developing economic opportunities associated with the ocean, referred to as the “blue economy,” demands environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable planning based on sound scientific knowledge generated from relevant and reliable data. Generating such data requires expanded ocean observations and data management in forms useful to diverse stakeholders, from other scientists to managers to policymakers and society at large. We review past and present biological, physical, and chemical ocean observing technologies, describing some major advances in recent decades and identifying technological gaps and opportunities to improve ocean observation and capacity enhancement. Finally, we discuss what a well-sensed ocean might require to support the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.

Today, planning theory must meet the challenges of reality. Success in the rational solution of urban planning problems and sustainable planning based on experience in this activity. In this publication, the author makes an objective assessment of the accumulated experience of planning socialist industrial cities. In the course of the analysis of functional planning development, the article compares two chronological periods. This comparison is used to assess the rate of development of the city. In addition, the publication presents conceptual schemes of territorial and functional planning for the development of a socialist city. As a result of the study of the possibilities of solutions for the urbanization of territories. One of the results of the study is the revealed relationship between the population of the city and urban infrastructure organizations. The author suggests in professional use some terms that more accurately express aspects of the planning of socialist cities in English.

Local ecological knowledge (LEK) represents an important link between resource users and their social-ecological system and plays a key role regarding the sustainable planning of environmental resources. This study investigates the nature of LEK in the case of a fishing village at the Tam Giang Lagoon in central Vietnam by applying an ethnographic participant observer approach. The research demonstrates a means to understand a complex, self-organized local network with a multitude of actors with different interests and adaptive behaviors, interfering in diverse and sometimes contradictory ways in the same environmental context. It concludes with two understandings about LEK. (1) It is important to recognize it as a concept that is not fixed in time and space as it is coevolving with broader system changes. (2) Only if approached through careful immersion and participation at the local level can it provide a valuable source of science-based information for improved decision-making.

Air pollution and the urban heat island effect are consistently linked to numerous respiratory and heat-related illnesses. Additionally, these stressors disproportionately impact low-income and historically marginalized communities due to their proximity to emissions sources, lack of access to green space, and exposure to other adverse environmental conditions. Here, we use relatively low-cost stationary sensors to analyze PM2.5 and temperature data throughout the city of Richmond, Virginia, on the ten hottest days of 2019. For both hourly means within the ten hottest days of 2019 and daily means for the entire record for the year, the temperature was found to exhibit a positive correlation with PM2.5. Analysis of hourly means on the ten hottest days yielded a diurnal pattern in which PM2.5 levels peaked in the early morning and reached their minima in the mid-afternoon. Spatially, sites exhibiting higher temperatures consistently had higher PM2.5 readings, with vulnerable communities in the east end and more intensely developed parts of the city experiencing significantly higher temperatures and PM2.5 concentrations than the suburban neighborhoods in the west end. These findings suggest an uneven distribution of air pollution in Richmond during extreme heat events that are similar in pattern but less pronounced than the temperature differences during these events, although further investigation is required to verify the extent of this relationship. As other studies have found both of these environmental stressors to correlate with the distribution of green space and other land-use factors in cities, innovative and sustainable planning decisions are crucial to the mitigation of these issues of inequity going forward.

Sustainable planning and management of natural resources should be done according to integrated watershed planning and management principles. In order to reveal a successful integrated watershed management plan, it is very important to determine the basin characteristics and the distribution of the lands according to elevation, angle, slope and rock types together with the sub-basins of the basin where the planning will be made. For this purpose, the Fırtına river basin, which is a very large rainfall basin, has been divided into two large sub-basin groups, east and west, and the distribution of the lands according to elevation, slope, aspect and rock groups with some land characteristics has been revealed with using the Geographical Information System (GIS). According to the results of the research,the drainage area of the Fırtına river basin is 1155.44 km2. 60.12% of the lands in the western basin group of Fırtına river basin are located on shady exposure and 39.88% on sunny exposure. According to the geological rock groups, the largest land is in the granite-microgranite-granodiorite series with 29041.02 ha (34.96 %) and the largest land according to the slope is in the 19684.21 ha (23.70%) inclination group of 31-40 %. 53.40% of the Durak river basin lands are on shady exposure and 46.60% on sunny exposure. In Durak river basin, the largest land according to slope (8191.90 ha) is in the slope group of 31-40% and the largest land according to the rock group is in the granite-microgranite-grandiorite rock group with 61.68%., Doğal kaynakların sürdürülebilir planlaması ve yönetimi bütünleşik havza planlama ve yönetimi ilkelerine göre yapılmalıdır. Başarılı bir bütünleşik havza planlamanın ortaya konulabilmesi için planlamanın yapılacağı havzanın alt havzaları ile birlikte sahip olduğu havza karakteristik özellikleri ile arazilerin yükselti, bakı, eğim ve kayaç türlerine göre dağılımlarının doğru bir şekilde belirlenmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu amaçla çok büyük bir yağış havzası olan Fırtına deresi yağış havzası doğu ve batı olmak üzere iki büyük alt havza gurubuna ayrılmış ve sahip olduğu bazı arazi karakteristikleri ile arazilerin yükselti, eğim, bakı ve kayaç guruplarına göre dağılımları Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) yardımıyla ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırma sonucuna göre Fırtına deresi yağış havzasının drenaj alanı 1155.44 km2’dir. Fırtına deresi batı havza gurubundaki arazilerinin % 60.12’si gölgeli bakılar üzerinde, % 39.88’i güneşli bakılar üzerinde yer almaktadır. Jeolojik formasyonlara göre en geniş arazi varlığı 29041.02 ha (%34.96) ile granit-mikrogranit-granodiorit serisinde ve eğime göre en geniş arazi varlığı 19684.21 ha (%23.70) ile %31-40 eğim gurubunda yer almaktadır. Durak deresi yağış havzası arazilerinin % 53.40’ı gölgeli bakılar, % 46.60’ı güneşli bakılar üzerindedir. Durak havzasında eğime göre en geniş arazi varlığı (8191.90 ha) %31-40 eğim gurubunda ve kayaç gurubuna göre en geniş arazi varlığı %61.68 ile granit-mikrogranit-grandiorit kayaç gurubunda yer almaktadır.

Land&ndash, sea interaction dynamics are physiologically regulated by an exchange of matter (and energy) between the anthropic system and the natural environment. Therefore, the appropriate management of land&ndash, sea interaction (LSI)contexts should base on those planning approaches which can holistically support coastal development, such as Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) and Climate Adaptation Planning (CAP). One of the main limiting factors for this integration is the fragmentation of existing databases and information sources, which compose the territorial knowledge framework. Investigations have sought to address the representation and assessment of &ldquo, wicked&rdquo, and interconnected coastal problems. The present research focuses on the production of the necessary information to fill sectorial knowledge gaps and to merge the available data into a single framework. The research methodology is based on remote sensing assessment techniques and is designed to be replicated in other coastal areas to integrate CAP and MSP. The output maps are a result of the empirical application of the integration of the assessment techniques and are meant to support local decision-making processes. The result aims at illustrating and highlighting the relationships between climate change impact vulnerabilities their spatial relation to marine resources and maritime activities. This can support effective actions aimed at environmental and urban protection, the organization of the uses of the sea and adaptation to climate impacts. The application of the assessment techniques is developed on a case study in the north Adriatic Basin. The Gulf of Trieste constitutes a representative case study for the Mediterranean Basin due to its transboundary nature. The relationship and the ongoing projects between Slovenia and Italy make the case study an interesting context in which to test and train the proposed integrated planning approach. Therefore, the study investigates local vulnerability to climate impacts, i.e., Urban Heat Island (UHI) and urban runoff, and the existing relationship between the urban fabrics and the marine environment.

The aim of this research is to identify the morphology of land usage in the city of Aqaba from the year 2000 through 2020, utilizing satellite data analysis and visualizations of topographic maps studying land uses and spatial organizations and relationships between all relevant users in the study area. By relying on GIS and remote sensing software, with the aim of providing a holistic picture that contributes to identifying the current reality of land uses and future forecasting within the actual territories, the study found that the importance of integrated management based on an analysis of the morphology of land use contributed most to sustainable planning. Morphological projections relating to land uses contributed the most to correct decision making in pursuit of a more holistic planning process for the study area.

La estimación del crecimiento y rendimiento de las especies forestales maderables es clave para planear y proyectar la cosecha de manera sustentable. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue ajustar cuatro modelos de crecimiento en diámetro, altura, área basal y volumen para Pinus leiophylla, Pinus lumholtzii y Pinus strobiformis de la región de Guadalupe y Calvo, Chihuahua. Mediante un muestreo selectivo se recolectaron 26 árboles de P. lumholtzii, 26 de P. strobiformis y 30 árboles de P. leiophylla para generar 219, 249 y 385 perfiles de cada una de las especies, respectivamente. Los modelos de crecimiento evaluados fueron los de Chapman-Richards, Schumacher, Hossfeld I y Weibull. Los criterios de selección de los mejores modelos fueron el coeficiente de determinación, la raíz del error medio cuadrático, la significancia de los parámetros estimados y las tendencias del crecimiento. Se determinó que todos los modelos presentaron ajustes significativos; sin embargo, por las tendencias del crecimiento que generan, los que mejor representaron el comportamiento biológico de las variables analizadas fueron los de Chapman-Richards, Hossfeld I y Schumacher. Con base en las edades a las que ocurre el máximo incremento en volumen y el turno, se infiere que las tres especies presentan lento crecimiento.

The relationships between territorial governance and the pursuit of sustainable development are evidenced to be critical. Exploratory tools, like Geographic Information Systems (GIS), enable us to comprehend the patterns, dynamics, and parameters of land-use changes over the years. The results from such studies could be used in the design of a sustainable territorial governance strategy. Contextually, a study has been conducted based on the changes that occurred in land uses in the Canary Archipelago in the years 1990, 2000, 2012, and 2018 using CORINE (Coordination of Information on the Environment) data. Even if most of the land uses have been stable over the analyzed period, the investigation shows a decrease in agricultural areas. By contrast, it is possible to verify an increase in semi-natural areas and urban agglomerations. Moreover, the authors believe that an assessment of the land-use changes on these ultra-peripheral areas will also enable us to disclose some obstacles and opportunities for sustained development. FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology to VALORIZA info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The importance of scale in research and planning for the MCR in the developing world is no longer debatable. This is especially true in the current era of globalization and technological advances transforming traditional scalar hierarchies and creating multiple spatialities. The aspatial, network-based, representational, and discursive roles of scale are also becoming increasingly more consequential. I see scale as the third prong in a coherent tri-pronged approach to sustainable development in the Asian MCR that should be used in conjunction with the other two prongs, as discussed in the previous chapter. I recognize that scale remains a confounding concept, although a paradigmatic shift toward conceptual inclusivity by reconciling its many facets, seems to be taking place in the literature. In this chapter I offer an overview of this shift, followed by a brief look at the framework of the MCR from a bi-scalar perspective, and, given the need to recognize the diversities among (and within) the spaces in the MCR, conclude with one example of how elements of the three prongs can converge into a coherent approach for sustainable planning.

Green in cities does not only play an aesthetic role but also contributes greatly to making the urban environment more sustainable in all senses of the term: environmental, energy-wise, economic and social. The purpose of this chapter is to tackle the issue of green in cities by highlighting the connections that exist between having a nature base or renaturing of cities and sustainable planning, stimulating the necessary in-depth analysis of a topic that must constitute an information resource for those who deal with green planning. The chapter, after an introduction that highlights the need to seek a new alliance between urban spaces and natural spaces, deals with the issue of urban infrastructure, highlighting its potential. The final part of the chapter deals with the issue of urban heat islands providing some improvement strategies.

Sweden is considered an environmental sustainability pioneer, targeting a 50% reduction in energy use in buildings by 2050. This ambitious goal requires the active engagement of municipal actors and the building sector. Dialogue processes have been identified as a way to mobilize such engagement, but in earlier research, there has been a lack of studies where dialogue practices are analyzed in real-time and on location and where the role of leadership has been scrutinized. Taking two cases in Malmö as a starting point, the aim of this paper is to analyze the interconnections between dialogue models and the local context and to examine how the role of process leadership affects exchanges between included actors. The results show that it is difficult to create guidelines useful in the local context and that learning was embedded in the doing and was transferred through the process leaders.

The design, construction and management of sustainable and intelligent buildings, neighbourhoods and cities require tools that can manage complexity in a completely different manner to the practices adopted to date. This chapter introduces the most advanced current approach, Building Information Modelling (BIM), focusing in particular on its use to support green and smart planning of buildings, neighbourhoods and cities. The initial part of the chapter introduces the general concepts underlying the BIM. The second part explores its application, the Green BIM, intended as the use of the tool to support the sustainable design of buildings. The chapter concludes with the introduction of a more recent concept, the City Information Modelling (CIM), intended as a common platform to design, build and manage the buildings, infrastructures and services of neighbourhoods and cities that evolve towards sustainable and smart schemes.