Search

This handbook offers a comprehensive transdisciplinary examination of the research and practices that constitute the emerging research agenda in energy democracy.With protests over fossil fuels and controversies over nuclear and renewable energy technologies, democratic ideals have contributed to an emerging social movement. Energy democracy captures this movement and addresses the issues of energy access, ownership, and participation at a time when there are expanding social, political, environmental, and economic demands on energy systems. This volume defines energy democracy as both a social movement and an academic area of study and examines it through a social science and humanities lens, explaining key concepts and reflecting state-of-the-art research. The collection is comprised of six parts:1 Scalar Dimensions of Power and Governance in Energy Democracy2 Discourses of Energy Democracy3 Grassroots and Critical Modes of Action4 Democratic and Participatory Principles5 Energy Resource Tensions6 Energy Democracies in PracticeThe vision of this handbook is explicitly transdisciplinary and global, including contributions from interdisciplinary international scholars and practitioners. The Routledge Handbook of Energy Democracy will be the premier source for all students and researchers interested in the field of energy, including policy, politics, transitions, access, justice, and public participation.

The two-volume set, LNCS 13325 and 13326, are conference proceedings that constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions, DAPI 2022, held as part of the 24th International Conference, HCI International 2022, which took place during June-July 2022. The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 58 papers of DAPI 2022 are organized in topical sections named for each volume: Part I: User Experience and Interaction Design for Smart Ecosystems; Smart Cities, Smart Islands, and Intelligent Urban Living; Smart Artifacts in Smart Environments; and Opportunities and Challenges for the Near Future Smart EnvironmentsPart II: Smart Living in Pervasive IoT Ecosystems; Distributed, Ambient, and Pervasive Education and Learning; Distributed, Ambient, and Pervasive Well-being and Healthcare; and Smart Creativity and Art.

Essential Notes in Pain Medicine provides a comprehensive review of pain medicine for clinical practice and postgraduate exam preparation. Mapped to the syllabus for the Fellowship of the Faculty of Pain Medicine of the Royal College of Anaesthetists (FFPMRCA)this resource ensures readers have all the information needed in one place. Written by a multidisciplinary team of over 70 international contributors, this resource provides high-quality, up-to-date guidance on 247 topics such as pain assessment, pain physiology, pain interventions, the role of psychology and physiotherapy and many more. Information is presented in concise note form with bullet points, tables, and diagrams, making retaining key facts easier and quicker. References to evidence-based guidelines and directions to further reading allow for identification of areas for further information. Drawing on the editors'expertise, Essential Notes in Pain Medicine is the ideal companion for exams and a comprehensive guide to acute, chronic, and cancer pain management for practising doctors, pain nurses, and allied health professionals.

This volume provides an overview of the political economy of coal in diverse country contexts.Coal is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions globally, accounting for about 40 percent of energy-related CO2 emissions. Continued construction of coal-fired power plants could make the climate targets of the Paris Agreement infeasible to achieve. In spite of sharply declining costs for renewable energy sources, many countries still heavily rely on coal to meet their energy demand. The predominance of coal can only be adequately understood in light of the political factors that determine energy policy formulation. To this end, this edited volume assembles a wide variety of case studies exploring the political economy of coal for across the globe. These includes industrial and developing nations, coal importers and exporters as well as countries that are either substantial coal users, are just beginning to ramp up their capacities, or have already initiated a coal phase-out. Importantly, all case studies are structured along a unifying framework that focuses on the central actors driving energy policy formulation, their main objectives as well as the context that determines to what extent they can influence policy making. This large set of comparable studies will permit drawing conclusions regarding key similarities as well as differences driving coal use in different countries.This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of energy, climate change, resource management, and sustainable development. It will also appeal to practitioners and policymakers involved in sustainable development.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution- Non Commercial- No Derivatives 4.0 license.

The Śrīḍākārṇavamahāyoginītantrarāja (abbreviated to Ḍākārṇava, “Ocean of Ḍākas or Heroes”) is one of the last scriptures belonging to the Buddhist Saṃvara tradition in South Asia. It was composed in the eastern area of the Indian subcontinent sometime between the late 10th and 12th centuries, and its extant version was most likely compiled around the early 12th century. Chapter 15 of the Ḍākārṇava, (hereafter Ḍākārṇava 15) teaches a large-scale and elaborate maṇḍala of the highest god Heruka that comprises 986 major deities. This monograph presents the first critical edition and English translation (with annotation) of the Sanskrit text of the Ḍākārṇava 15, elucidates its form and meanings, and clarifies its significance in the history of Buddhism in South Asia. I also provide the first critical edition and English translation (with annotation) of Jayasena's Ratnapadmarāganidhi ('Precious Ruby Treasury,'composed in the 12th century), which is the oldest manual for visualizing the Heruka maṇḍala of the Ḍākārṇava 15. In the last stage of the history of Tantric Buddhism in India, when various Buddhist Tantric traditions were already present, some texts were composed, such as the Kālacakratantra and the Vajrāvalī of Abhayākaragupta. These texts provide inclusive Tantric systems in which various preceding traditions are integrated and reorganized. The Ḍākārṇava is one such text. The Heruka maṇḍala in the Ḍākārṇava 15 is comprehensive and integrates deities from various Tantric traditions and components of the Buddhist cosmos within the framework of the Saṃvara system.

Energy Systems Modeling and Policy Analysis covers a wide spectrum of topics including policy analysis and the optimal operational planning of integrated energy systems using a systems approach. This book details the importance of energy modeling and policy analysis, system dynamics and linear programming, modeling of energy supplies, energy demand, and environmental impact. Integrated energy systems at micro- and macro-levels, the application of simulation techniques for integrated rural energy systems, and integrated electric power systems/smart grids are covered as well. Features: Covers topics such as modeling, optimization and control of energy systems, and data analysis collected using a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system Uses system dynamics methodology (based on control systems theory) as well as other modeling tools Focuses on energy and environmental issues Provides optimal operational planning and management of integrated electric power systems and smart grids Covers the simulated planning and management of integrated national electric power systems using system dynamics This book is aimed at graduate students in electrical engineering, energy technology, microgrids, energy policy, and control systems.

Smart Cities and the UN's SDGs explores how smart cities initiatives intersect with the global goal of making urbanization inclusive, resilient, and sustainable. Topics explored include digital governance, e-democracy, health care access, public-private partnerships, well-being, and more. Examining smart cities concepts, tools, strategies, and obstacles and their applicability to sustainability, the book exposes key structural problems that cities face and how the imperative of sustainability can bypass them. It shows how smart city technological innovation can boost citizens'well-being, serving as a key reference for those seeking to make sense of the issues and challenges of smart cities and SDGs. - Includes numerous case studies from around the world - Features interdisciplinary insights from academic and practitioner experts - Offers an extensive literature review

Over the last three decades, the search for competitiveness and growth gains has driven the evolution of machine maintenance policies, and the industry has moved from passive maintenance to active maintenance with the aim of improving productivity. Active maintenance requires continuous monitoring of industrial systems in order to increase reliability, availability rates and guarantee the safety of people and property.

This book includes extended and revised selected papers from the 9th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems, SMARTGREENS 2020, and the 6th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, VEHITS 2020, held in Prague, Czech Republic, in May 2020. The 30 full papers presented during SMARTGREENS and VEHITS 2020 were carefully reviewed and selected from the 117 submissions. The papers present research on advances and applications in the fiels of smart cities, electric vehicles, sustainable computing and communications, energy aware systems and technologies, intelligent vehicle technologies, intelligent transport systems and infrastructure, connected vehicles.

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 7th International Conference on Industrial Engineering (7th ICIE)Selected, peer-reviewed papers from the International Conference on Industrial Engineering (ICIE 2021), May 17-21, 2021, Sochi, Russian Federation

Advances in Clinical Chemistry, Volume 103, the latest installment in this internationally acclaimed series, contains chapters authored by world-renowned clinical laboratory scientists, physicians and research scientists. The serial discusses the latest and most up-to-date technologies related to the field of clinical chemistry. It is the benchmark publication for novel analytical approaches in the clinical laboratory. - Provides the most up-to-date technologies in clinical chemistry and clinical laboratory science - Authored by world renowned clinical laboratory scientists, physicians and research scientists - Presents the international benchmark for novel analytical approaches in the clinical laboratory

This open access book offers a selection of research papers and case studies presented at the 3rd international conference “Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions”, held in December 2019 in Bolzano, Italy, and explores the concept of smart and sustainable planning, including top contributions from academics, policy makers, consultants and other professionals. Innovation processes such as co-design and co-creation help establish collaborations that engage with stakeholders in a trustworthy and transparent environment while answering the need for new value propositions. The importance of an integrated, holistic approach is widely recognized to break down silos in local government, in particular, when aimed at achieving a better integration of climate-energy planning. Despite the ongoing urbanization and polarization processes, new synergies between urban and rural areas emerge, linking development opportunities to intrinsic cultural, natural and man-made landscape values. The increasing availability of big, real-time urban data and advanced ICT facilitates frequent assessment and continuous monitoring of performances, while allowing fine-tuning as needed. This is valid not only for individual projects but also on a wider scale. In addition, and circling back to the first point, (big) urban data and ICT can be of enormous help in facilitating engagement and co-creation by raising awareness and by providing insight into the local consequences of specific plans. However, this potential is not yet fully exploited in standard processes and procedures, which can therefore lack the agility and flexibility to keep up with the pulse of the city and dynamics of society. The book provides a multi-disciplinary outlook based on experience to orient the reader in the giant galaxy of smart and sustainable planning, support the transposition of research into practice, scale up visionary approaches and design groundbreaking planning policies and tools.

Through expanded intelligence, the use of robotics has fundamentally transformed a variety of fields, including manufacturing, aerospace, medicine, social services, and agriculture. Continued research on robotic design is critical to solving various dynamic obstacles individuals, enterprises, and humanity at large face on a daily basis. Robotic Systems: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications is a vital reference source that delves into the current issues, methodologies, and trends relating to advanced robotic technology in the modern world. Highlighting a range of topics such as mechatronics, cybernetics, and human-computer interaction, this multi-volume book is ideally designed for robotics engineers, mechanical engineers, robotics technicians, operators, software engineers, designers, programmers, industry professionals, researchers, students, academicians, and computer practitioners seeking current research on developing innovative ideas for intelligent and autonomous robotics systems.

This open access book discusses the eroding economics of nuclear power for electricity generation as well as technical, legal, and political acceptance issues. The use of nuclear power for electricity generation is still a heavily disputed issue. Aside from technical risks, safety issues, and the unsolved problem of nuclear waste disposal, the economic performance is currently a major barrier. In recent years, the costs have skyrocketed especially in the European countries and North America. At the same time, the costs of alternatives such as photovoltaics and wind power have significantly decreased.

The opening chapter of Protonation: Properties, Applications and Effects deals with the protonation and 3D structural analysis of glycylhomooligopeptides and their silver(I) complexes. The authors discuss new evidence supporting the empirical adequacy of the model equation, and the advantages of this methodology explored. The concept of protonation is reviewed and discussed from the physico-chemico-biological perspectives, exploring the format of examples that govern a broad spectrum of the acts of protonation. The primary is to present the key examples for better understanding the title concept, its unity and purpose. The concluding review focuses on the physical properties of protic ionic liquids, such as their viscosities, electric conductivities, diffusions, densities, and polarity parameters. This may be useful in interpreting the relationship between molecular structures and physicochemical properties based on their unique intermolecular interactions caused by protonated chelate amines.

Quality Control in the Beverage Industry, volume 17, in the Science of Beverages series, presents a detailed account of the most common aspects and challenges relating to quality control. It covers the latest global trends in how to improve beverages using assessment tools, authenticity approaches and novel quality control technologies. The book presents a great, hands on approach for anyone who needs to understand the big picture regarding analytical methods. Topics covered include safety, the economic impacts of contamination, and detection techniques. - Provides tools to assess and measure sulfites in beverages using different instrumental techniques - Presents the application of nanotechnology for the improvement of beverages, including taste, structure and overall quality - Includes analytical procedures for measuring and controlling quality

New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering: From Cellulose to Cellulase: Strategies to Improve Biofuel Production outlines new methods for the industrial production of the cellulose enzyme. The book compares the various processes for the production of biofuels, including the cost of cellulose production and availability. Biofuels are considered to be the main alternatives to fossil fuels in reducing environmental pollution and climate change. Currently, all existing biofuel production is suffering because of the high costs of production processes. As a result, cost effective practical implementation is needed to make this a viable energy alternative. - Introduces new and innovative strategies for cellulase enzyme production at industrial scale - Provides sustainable approaches to produce cellulase at low cost - Covers all aspect and possible factors for economical, low cost, cellulase mediated biofuels production

Chaetomium genus was established by Gustav Kunze in 1817. According to Index Fungorum Partnership, there are 273 Chaetomium species accepted till now. Members of the genus Chaetomium are capable of colonizing various substrates and are well-known for their ability to degrade cellulose and to produce a variety of bioactive metabolites. More than 200 compounds have been reported from this genus. A huge number of new and bioactive secondary metabolites associated with unique and diverse structural types, such as chaetoglobosins, epipolythiodioxopiperazines, azaphilones, depsidones, xanthones, anthraquinones, chromones, and steroids, have been isolated and identified. Many of the compounds have been reported to possess significant biological activities, such as antitumor, antimalarial, cytotoxic, enzyme inhibitory, antimicrobial, phytotoxic, antirheumatoid and other activities. Chaetomium taxa are frequently reported to be cellulase and ligninase producers withthe ability to degrade cellulosic and woody materials. This is the first, comprehensive volume covering Chaetomium genus in detail. It includes the latest research, methods, and applications, and was written by scholars working directly in the field. The book also contains informative illustrations and is fully referenced for further reading.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the IFIP WG 8.6 International Working Conference'ICT Unbounded, Social Impact of Bright ICT Adoption'on Transfer and Diffusion of IT, TDIT 2019, held in Accra, Ghana, in June 2019. The 30 revised full papers and 4 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 72 submissions. The papers focus on Bright Information and Communication Technology, a concept that entails the development of relevant technologies, business models, public policies, social norms, international agreements, metrics of measuring national progress and preventing undesirable activities on the Internet. They are organized in the following topical sections: technology adoption, diffusion and ubiquitous computing; big data and business intellligence; smart cities; and security, privacy, ethics and misinformation.

Following the successful first edition of this book on drinking water quality and health, this new edition puts more focus on the importance of minerals in drinking water. It includes new scientific material and presents additional studies on the negative health effects of reverse osmosis water. The various safety organizations working on drinking water all warn about unhealthy constituents, as well as elements that can cause corrosion or scaling on pipes and installations. However, drinking water may also provide a substantial portion of the daily mineral intake, especially for the elderly and children, or those at risk of deficiencies due to unhealthy eating habits or starvation. Thus, a holistic approach to drinking water is presented in this book and the scope is extended from standards for undesirable substances to the basic mineral composition of water, examining 22 nutrient elements and ions and 21 toxic substances. The function of the nutrients in the body, symptoms of deficiency and overload, and advantages of the minerals from drinking water are presented, as well as symptoms of toxic elements from drinking water. The authors also suggest healthy ranges of minerals and mineral ratios for drinking water. The book offers a valuable resource for the health evaluation of drinking waters, for private well owners, public water producers and safety organizations alike.

This book explores basic and applied aspects of microorganisms, which have a unique ability to cope with abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity and changing climate, as well as biodegrader microorganisms and their functional roles. Further, readers will find detailed information on all aspects that are required to make a microbe “agriculturally beneficial.” The book's primary focus is on microbes that are essentially “hidden miniature packages of nature” that influence agro-ecosystems. Inviting papers by prominent national and international scientists working in the field of agricultural microbiology, it addresses the biogdegrader group of microbial inoculants. Each chapter covers the respective mechanism of action and recent advances in agricultural microbiology. In addition, the book especially highlights innovations involving agriculturally beneficial microorganisms, including strategies for coping with a changing climate, and methods for developing microbial inoculants and promoting climate-smart agriculture. The information presented here is based on the authors'extensive experience in the subject area, gathered in the course of their careers in the field of agricultural microbiology. The book offers a valuable resource for all readers who are actively involved in research on agriculturally beneficial microorganisms. In addition, it will help prepare readers for the future challenges that climate change will pose for agriculture and will help to bridge the current gaps between different scientific communities.

Nanoemulsions: Formulation, Applications, and Characterization provides detailed information on the production, application and characterization of food nanoemulsion as presented by experts who share a wealth of experience. Those involved in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries will find this a useful reference as it addresses findings related to different preparation and formulation methods of nanoemulsions and their application in different fields and products. As the last decade has seen a major shift from conventional emulsification processes towards nanoemulsions that both increase the efficiency and stability of emulsions and improve targeted drug and nutraceutical delivery, this book is a timely resource. - Summarizes general aspects of food nanoemulsions and their formulation - Provides detailed information on the production, application, and characterization of food nanoemulsion - Reveals the potential of nanoemulsions, as well as their novel applications in functional foods, nutraceutical products, delivery systems, and cosmetic formulations - Explains preparation of nanoemulsions by both low- and high-energy methods

The volume explores the emerging science of nanotechnology which deals with the understanding of the fundamental physics, chemistry, biology, material science and technology of nanometer scale objects, which has become a central pillar for the next generation medical challenges such as developing tiny nanodevices, as well as for food technology. There is no doubt that the development of emerging nanotechnology based nanomedicine, nanodevices for diagnostics and therapy, drug delivery systems and other applications are fast growing research areas for chemistry, biology, physics, medicine and different disciplines of engineering. On the other hand, due to the possible use in human health and food technology, the same emerging technology might raise new ethical issues and therefore require careful analysis of ethical aspects. To summarize the recent growth, the first volume in the Nanotechnology: Principles, Applications and Ethical Considerations series discusses the basic science behind the emerging technology, which is necessary to understand how these tiny materials can be used in our daily lives. This book provides a state-of-the-art overview of this rapidly-expanding and fascinating field from the molecular level to possible applications in the medical field. It contains eight chapters written by world renowned experts in this area, covering from basic science to possible nanomedicine designs, which can have numerous applications in our society. This book is unique in its design and content, providing a depth of science for readers that will help them understand the benefits and limitations of nanotechnology as well as its ethical and social implications.

These two volumes present the proceedings of the International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics 2017 (TIPP2017), which was held in Beijing, China from 22 to 26 May 2017. Gathering selected articles on the basis of their quality and originality, it highlights the latest developments and research trends in detectors and instrumentation for all branches of particle physics, particle astrophysics and closely related fields. This is the first volume, and focuses on the main themes Gaseous detectors, Semiconductor detectors, Experimental detector systems, Calorimeters, Particle identification, Photon detectors, Dark Matter Detectors and Neutrino Detectors. The TIPP2017 is the fourth in a series of international conferences on detectors and instrumentation, held under the auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP). The event brings together experts from the scientific and industrial communities to discuss their current efforts and plan for the future. The conference's aim is to provide a stimulating atmosphere for scientists and engineers from around the world.

Nachhaltigkeit fördern – dazu braucht es neue, nicht-hierarchische Steuerungsformen, die gesellschaftliche Akteure einbeziehen, so eine verbreitete Annahme. Aber wie erfolgreich sind diese Formen tatsächlich im Vergleich zur klassischen Steuerung durch den Staat? Dieser Frage geht die Studie mit einem innovativen Ansatz nach. Sie klärt hierzu zunächst, wie Governance adäquat erfasst und wie verschiedene Formen unterschieden werden können. Die Handlungsstrategien von betroffenen Akteuren in den Blick nehmend, zeigt sie ferner einen Ansatz zur Erfassung gesellschaftlicher Auswirkungen und ihrem Beitrag zu Nachhaltigkeit auf.Mithilfe dieses theoretischen Rahmens untersucht der Autor exemplarisch das Feld der Schweizer Energiepolitik anhand qualitativer Fallstudien (welche hierarchische, partizipative und selbstregulierende Governance abbilden). Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen Stärken und Schwächen der Steuerungsformen und legen den Fokus auf deren Zusammenspiel zur Förderung von Nachhaltigkeit.

Scholarly interest in water ethics is increasing, motivated by the urgency of climate change, water scarcity, privatization and conflicts over water resources. Water ethics can provide both conceptual perspectives and practical methodologies for identifying outcomes which are environmentally sustainable and socially just. This book assesses the implications of ongoing research in framing a new discipline of water ethics in practice. Contributions consider the difficult ethical and epistemological questions of water ethics in a global context, as well as offering local, empirical perspectives. Case study chapters focus on a range of countries including Canada, China, Germany, India, South Africa and the USA. The respective insights are brought together in the final section concerning the practical project of a universal water ethics charter, alongside theoretical questions about the legitimacy of a global water ethics.Overall the book provides a stimulating examination of water ethics in theory and practice, relevant to academics and professionals in the fields of water resource management and governance, environmental ethics, geography, law and political science.

The peoples of Africa are neither ethnically, culturally, nor religiously homogeneous. European colonial powers took little note of this reality in carving up the continent, a fact reflected in the periodic outbreak of civil war since decolonialization. Likewise, Western European models of development, whether in their liberal or Marxist manifestations, have so far failed to meet African development needs. The path to stability in Africa is through its people's character and goals. Almanac of African Peoples and Nations provides an essential guide to the major ethnic groups of the African continent, highlighting the major contributions and basic features of each.The Almanac reviews Africa's language families and their respective national and geographic concentrations, explaining ethnic classification based on linguistic difference and including language groups that are not indigenous to Africa. The major African peoples are then listed by country with a statistical breakdown on their respective shares in the total population of each country and maps indicating their concentration. The major section of the volume includes a comprehensive listing and descriptive profile of each ethnic, national, and tribal group detailing their history, customs, economic systems, and political and social organizations. The Almanac points out as well which groups support revisionist political aspirations and shows the internal and external pressures they are subject to. Yakan notes that African societies are not highly integrated and must support multitudes of influential sub-cultures with conflicting agendas and loyalties. Arguing that tribalism reflects Africa's historical experience and cultural heritage, he sees the resolution of the continent's problems in consociational democracy, proportional representation, federalism, or some form of autonomous rule.

This book provides an up-to-date, rigorous analysis of the state of the art of solar photovoltaic (PV) generation. It focuses on the economic analysis of solar PV generation technologies as well as the policies that have been devised and implemented around the globe to support it. It provides the main theoretical tools for understanding the cost of these technologies, and discusses them from both a historical and comparative perspective with respect to other competing technologies (both conventional and renewable). In addition, it presents the conceptual rationale to maximize reader insights into whether and how public support for these technologies is justified as well as the consequences for the economy of different promotion measures. Integrating concepts from different economics disciplines (environmental economics, innovation economics, industrial economics and public economics) into a coherent basis for the analysis of the costs and policies for solar PV electricity, it providesan update to the literature to reflect recent advances in and deployments of solar electricity and the drastic reduction in associated costs.

The CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology sets the standard against which all other references of this nature are measured. As such, it is a major resource for both skilled professionals and novices to nanotechnology.The book examines the design, application, and utilization of devices, techniques, and technologies critical to research at the

The leading textbook in pain management – updated with the latest research and developments'This is an excellent, comprehensive textbook on all aspects of pain and is recommended for physicians in all specialties who deal with pain patients.'-- reviewing earlier edition in Anesthesia & Analgesia. This concise yet comprehensive text is a true one-stop resource for anesthesiologists and specialists in pain medicine. Every aspect of diagnosing and treating specific pain conditions and syndromes are covered, including physiology, physical and laboratory diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions. While thorough and encompassing the entire curriculum of clinical pain management, the book has been carefully edited to be a manageable length and not overwhelming to readers. Reflecting the fact that pain medicine is a true multidisciplinary specialty, a new co-editor who is a pain psychologist at Beth Israel Deaconess has been added. The third edition also features a greater emphasis on risk management and an updated Interventional Pain Section highlighted by an increased number of figures and a stronger clinical focus. Key clinical concepts are summarized at the end of each chapter Numerous tables and figures highlight the most important concepts and procedures

The Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences, Second Edition, Four Volume Set develops from the first edition, covering all areas of neurological sciences through over 1000 entries focused on a wide variety of topics in neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry and other related areas of neuroscience. The contributing authors represent all aspects of neurology from many viewpoints and disciplines to provide a complete overview of the field. Entries are designed to be understandable without detailed background knowledge in the subject matter, and cross-referencing and suggested further reading lead the reader from a basic knowledge of the subject to more advanced understanding. The easy-to-use'encyclopedic-dictionary'format of the Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences, Second Edition features alphabetic entries, extensive cross-referencing, and a thorough index for quick reference. The wealth of information provided by these four volumes makes this reference work a trusted source of valuable information for a wide range of researchers, from undergraduate students to academic researchers. - Provides comprehensive coverage of the field of neurological science in over 1,000 entries in 4 volumes -'Encyclopedic-dictionary'format provides for concise, readable entries and easy searching - Presents complete, up-to-date information on 32 separate areas of neurology - Entries are supplemented with extensive cross-referencing, useful references to primary research articles, and an extensive index

The idea of this monograph is to present the latest results related to design and computation of engineering materials and structures. The contributions cover the classical fields of mechanical, civil and materials engineering up to biomechanics and advanced materials processing and optimization. The materials and structures covered can be categorized into modern steels and titanium alloys, composite materials, biological and natural materials, material hybrids and modern joining technologies. Analytical modelling, numerical simulation, the application of state-of-the-art design tools and sophisticated experimental techniques are applied to characterize the performance of materials and to design and optimize structures in different fields of engineering applications.

The various safety organizations working on drinking water all warn about unhealthy constituents, as well as elements that can cause corrosion or scaling on pipes and installations. However, drinking water may also provide a substantial portion of the daily mineral intake, especially for the elderly and children, or those at risk of deficiencies due to unhealthy eating habits or starvation. Thus, a holistic approach to drinking water is presented in this book and the scope is extended from standards for undesirable substances to the basic mineral composition of water, examining 22 nutrient elements and ions and 21 toxic substances. The function of the nutrients in the body, symptoms of deficiency and overload, and advantages of the minerals from drinking water are presented, as well as symptoms of toxic elements from drinking water. The authors also suggest healthy ranges of minerals and mineral ratios for drinking water. The book offers a valuable resource for the health evaluation of drinking waters, for private well owners, public water producers and safety organizations alike.

Marine Carbohydrates: Fundamentals and Applications brings together the diverse range of research in this important area which leads to clinical and industrialized products. The volume, number 73, focuses on marine carbohydrates in isolation, biological, and biomedical applications and provides the latest trends and developments on marine carbohydrates. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research recognizes the integral relationship between the food and nutritional sciences and brings together outstanding and comprehensive reviews that highlight this relationship. Volumes provide those in academia and industry with the latest information on emerging research in these constantly evolving sciences. - Includes the isolation techniques for the exploration of the marine habitat for novel polysaccharides - Discusses biological applications such as antioxidant, antiallergic, antidiabetic, antiobesity and antiviral activity of marine carbohydrates - Provides an insight into present trends and approaches for marine carbohydrates

Low-dimensional materials are of fundamental interest in physics and chemistry and have also found a wide variety of technological applica­ tions in fields ranging from microelectronics to optics. Since 1986, several seminars and summer schools devoted to low-dimensional systems have been supported by NATO. The present one, Physics, Fabrication and Applications of Multilayered structures, brought together specialists from different fields in order to review fabrication techniques, charac­ terization methods, physics and applications. Artificially layered materials are attractive because alternately layering two (or more) elements, by evaporation or sputtering, is a way to obtain new materials with (hopefully) new physical properties that pure materials or alloys do not allow. These new possibilities can be ob­ tained in electronic transport, optics, magnetism or the reflectivity of x-rays and slow neutrons. By changing the components and the thickness of the layers one can track continuously how the new properties appear and follow the importance of the multilayer structure of the materials. In addition, with their large number of interfaces the study of inter­ face properties becomes easier in multilayered structures than in mono­ layers or bilayers. As a rule, the role of the interface quality, and also the coupling between layers, increases as the thickness of the layer decreases. Several applications at the development stage require layer thicknesses of just a few atomic layers.

›Bottom-up‹ und ›top-down‹ sind heutzutage gängige Methodenbezeichnungen in allen Bereichen der Wissenschaft. Dennoch sind beide Methoden keine Entdeckung der Moderne, sondern wurden unter Begriffen wie beispielsweise ›Auf-‹ und ›Abstieg‹, ›Induktion‹ und ›Deduktion‹ in der Wissenschaftsgeschichte häufig verwendet, um komplexe Wissensbestände vollständig aufzuarbeiten und zu strukturieren. Paradigmatisch für eine derartige Aufarbeitung stehen die mittelalterliche Summa und das neuzeitliche System. Aktuellen Studien zufolge hat aber bereits Dionysius Areopagita in der Spätantike eine derartige Summe verfasst, während in der Neuzeit erst J. G. Fichtes Wissenschaftslehre (1804) allen Systemansprüchen genügen konnte. Daher beschäftigt sich die vorliegende Studie mit den Auf- und Abstiegsmethoden bei Dionysius und Fichte, ihrer antiken Vorgeschichte und kontrastiert ihre Methoden mit der aktuellen Wissenschaftsphilosophie. Dabei zeigt sich, dass beide Autoren bei der Aufstiegs- bzw. bottom-up-Methode bislang unberücksichtigte Strategien zur Lösung des Induktionsproblems anwenden.

The Reformed Church historian and orientalist Johann Heinrich Hottinger (1620-1667) is a key figure in the history of Arabic and Islamic studies in early modern Europe. His life and his work have been almost completely neglected and there has never been a full-length study on Hottinger. This book presents a thorough documentation of Hottinger's Arabic and Islamic studies. Based on printed books and a great number of unpublished and hitherto unknown manuscripts, the book assesses his scholarship in the context of seventeenth-century oriental studies and confessional rivalries. The book contains a biographical account of Hottinger and inserts him into the Zurich tradition of oriental studies, which can be traced back to Theodor Bibliander and Konrad Pellikan in the sixteenth century. It gives an account of his years as a student of Jacobus Golius in Leiden, where Hottinger copied and collected an impressive number of Arabic manuscripts on which he later based his teaching and his publications. The book explores Hottinger's network in the Protestant Republic of Letters and it contains studies of his activities as a bibliographer of Arabic texts, as a teacher of the Arabic language, as a linguist who promoted a comparative approach to oriental languages, as a student of the history of Islam and as a Protestant who used his knowledge of Arabic and of Islam in the theological debates of the time.

In 1957 Otto SCHAUMANN, one of the pionieers in pharmacological research on morphine and the first to prepare synthetic opiates, presented a mono­ graph entitled'Morphin und morphiniihnliche Verbindungen'as Volume 12 of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Now, 35 years later, we are publishing in the same series a new comprehensive volume covering the present status of opioid research. Since that time the topic has expanded enormously. The identification of opioid receptors and the detection of their endogenous ligands were landmarks which opened a new era in opioid research and fertilized the entire field of neurobiology. The rapid develop­ ment of this field is illustrated in the figure, which represents the number of papers published on opioid research since 1970 (searches performed on the MEDLINE data base). 3000 Vl

In the past several years, there has been an increasing trend in the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) as well as in the integration of both systems due to their complementary nature, flexible combination, and the demand for ubiquitous computing. As always, adequate security remains one of the open are

Headache is the number one complaint that causes a patient to see a neurologist. Because headaches constitute such a large part of many clinicians practices, the United Council for Neurologic Subspecialties created an annually-administered headache subspecialty exam in 2006. Headache Medicine: Questions and Answers is the only question-and-answer book for the new headache subspecialty exam, with more than 500 questions, answers, explanations, and references to help readers self-assess their knowledge and to prepare for the subspecialty exam, as well as the neurology Board examination. Headache Medicine: Questions and Answers covers everything from the basics of epidemiology and co-morbidity, to must-know clinical neurology, to diagnosis and treatment. Board-type review questions are used throughout, each with an answer, a detailed explanation, and one or more references to help direct more in-depth review as desired. Divided into six key sections for targeted topic review, this is the most comprehensive and effective way to prepare for exams. Key features of Headache Medicine include: Board-type question format used to provide familiarity with question types Answers and explanations, which detail not only why the answer is correct, but also why the distracters are wrong. A series of in-depth, multi-question patient management problems that provide a realistic clinical learning experience References with each question for further investigation as desired

The concept of cities as potential photovoltaic power plants is rapidly gaining prominence, but until now there has been no large scale study of the impacts of such development on urban fabric and infrastructure, or on inhabitants. This book, based on wide-ranging studies supported by the European Commission and International Energy Agency, is the first to properly address these issues. It sets out by looking at the implications on planning policy of PV in the urban environment, and giving an overview of the implementation and occupation processes. It then moves on to present detailed case studies from a range of European cites, examining the role of large scale PV installations in urban renewal and new urban area development stretching back over 15 years. It ends with a review of technical guidelines for PV, and regulation/legalities surrounding planning, building and grid connection. The book will form an essential resource for planners and developers who are considering including large scale PV in their plans and who want to understand what has (or hasn't) worked, and why. Published with Intelligent Energy

After 2 decades, policymakers and regulators agree that electricity market reform, liberalization and privatization remains partly art. Moreover, the international experience suggests that in nearly all cases, initial market reform leads to unintended consequences or introduces new risks, which must be addressed in subsequent'reform of the reforms. Competitive Electricity Markets describes the evolution of the market reform process including a number of challenging issues such as infrastructure investment, resource adequacy, capacity and demand participation, market power, distributed generation, renewable energy and global climate change. - Sequel to Electricity Market Reform: An International Perspective in the same series published in 2006 - Contributions from renowned scholars and practitioners on significant electricity market design and implementation issues - Covers timely topics on the evolution of electricity market liberalization worldwide