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As climate change urgency intensifies, understanding its impact on destinations and the development of adaptation strategies becomes critical for sustainable tourism. This article, through a meta-analysis of 290 climate change elasticity estimates in tourism from 34 studies, examines the influence of climate factors and tourists' adaptive behaviours on tourism demand. It also projects the situations countries will face by 2050 under ongoing climate change scenarios. Findings suggest that low- and middle-income economies and Small Island Developing States, despite their minimal carbon contributions, will face significant tourism losses. In contrast, high-income countries might see increased travel demand and lead to more emissions. This will aggravate climatic conditions and inflict greater losses on less-developed communities. This finding exemplifies a vicious cycle of climate injustice, highlighting the disparities in climate-related social costs globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this study, a series of organic amine-intercalated α-ZrP were prepared. The crystal phase, structures and properties of these intercalated compounds were analyzed and characterized using several analysis methods. The interlayer distance of organic amine-intercalated α-ZrP has increased regularly along with the increase of chain elongation of organic amine. The composites were applied to adsorb phenol from wastewater. The adsorption equilibrium, kinetics, and dynamic adsorption of phenol onto intercalated α-ZrP were studied. Adsorption isotherms of phenol were determined at different temperatures, and they were well fitted to the Freundlich equation (R2 > 0.99), and the corresponding maximum adsorption capacity of phenol was 0.832 mmol/g. Batch kinetic experiments revealed that the adsorption process followed a quasi-second-order kinetic model. The dynamic adsorption revealed that the adsorption capacity for phenol increased with the increase in temperature. The adsorption process was rapid and equilibrium was reached within 30 min. When the adsorption dosage is 0.1 g/15 mL, the adsorption yield for 10 mmol/L phenol solution can reach 61.2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymeric composites with boron nitride nanosheets (BNNs), which are thermally conductive yet electrically insulating, have been pursued for a variety of technological applications, especially those for thermal management in electronic devices and systems. Highlighted in this review are recent advances in the effort to improve in-plane thermal transport performance in polymer/BNNs composites and also the growing research activities aimed at composites of enhanced cross-plane or isotropic thermal conductivity, for which various filler alignment strategies during composite fabrication have been explored. Also highlighted and discussed are some significant challenges and major opportunities for further advances in the development of thermally conductive composite materials and their mechanistic understandings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic back pain affected 619 million people globally in 2020 which accounts for a heavy disease burden causing tremendous productivity losses. Current therapies including ibuprofen, duloxetine, and opioids might cause side effects and even severe drug use disorders. Therefore, a non‐pharmacologic therapy with better or equivalent efficacy and fewer side effects is needed. Methods: We did a multi‐center, single‐blinded, randomized, positive drug controlled, clinical trial. Patients with chronic back pain in moderate severity were randomized into receiving hot stone massage or flurbiprofen plaster group. Both interventions were 2 weeks with a follow‐up of 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the score of the Global Pain Scale (GPS) from baseline to week 2. Secondary outcomes included Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ), Pain Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Short Form‐36 (SF36) from baseline to week 2 and week 6. Exploratory outcome assessment included the muscle thickness measured by ultrasound. Any adverse event was monitored throughout the study period. Results: A total of 120 patients were enrolled in this trial. At 2 weeks GPS decreased significantly in the hot stone massage group compared to the flurbiprofen group (difference between groups = ‐8.1 points, 95% confidence interval [CI] ‐15.8 to ‐0.3, p = 0.047). Moreover, hot stone massage also showed more improvement at 2 weeks compared to flurbiprofen, including NRS (‐0.5 points, 95% CI ‐1.0 to ‐0.1, p = 0.029), PSEQ (5.4 points, 95% CI 0.5 to 10.2, p = 0.030), and mental component of Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) (1.7 points, 95% CI 0.4 to 2.9, p = 0.010), but not in CPAQ (p = 0.131), HADS (p = 0.303 for depression, p = 0.399 for anxiety), or SF‐36 (p = 0.129 for physical component, p = 0.246 for social component, p = 0.076 for fatigue component). A total of two participants in the hot stone massage group reported mild pain on skin surface when receiving the procedure at the first intervention session. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a study on the trajectory-dependent threshold effects of proton stopping power in LiF nanosheets using time-dependent density functional theory non-adiabatically coupled to the molecular dynamics. This study covered protons with initial velocities in the range of 0.1–1.0 a.u., offering a vast amount of detailed information on the electronic structure during the stopping process with superior spatial and temporal resolution. Our results show that the impact parameters of incident protons play a crucial role in determining the threshold behavior of proton stopping power in LiF nanosheets. Most importantly, we found that close collisions do not exhibit a discernible threshold. In addition, the research results also revealed the time dependence of the number of electrons occupying the atomic orbitals of F and Li as protons pass through the nanosheets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study defines financially distressed enterprises based on stock delisting risk warnings and uses the annual data of A-share listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2008 to 2021 to examine the impact and mechanism of financial distress on the capital expenditures of non-distressed enterprises in the same city. The results indicate that if financially distressed enterprises exist within a city, the capital expenditure of non-distressed enterprises within the same city will subsequently decrease. The conclusions hold after multiple robustness and endogeneity tests. Mechanism tests show that financially distressed enterprises reduce the operating performance and cash flow of non-distressed enterprises in the same city through business performance contagion, thereby reducing their intrinsic motivation for capital expenditure. However, financial distress enhances creditors' credit risk perceptions of non-distressed enterprises in the same city through signal transmission effects, prompting creditors to tighten credit contracts or directly intervene in corporate capital expenditure decisions, thus suppressing corporate capital expenditure. Heterogeneity tests indicate that the smaller the asset size of non-distressed enterprises, the larger the scale of financially distressed enterprises relative to non-distressed enterprises in the same city, or the more severe the agency problem of non-distressed enterprises or degree of financial distress, the more significant the negative externality of financial distress on the capital expenditures of local enterprises. The economic consequences test shows that the reduction effect of financial distress on the capital expenditure of non-distressed enterprises in the same city ultimately improves their capital expenditure efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]