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This paper investigates the effects of different long-term (36 years) fertilizer treatments on soil pH, exchangeable acids, exchangeable base cation and cation exchange capacity (CEC) at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil layers in a double-cropping rice field. The following fertilizer treatments were included: chemical fertilizer (MF), rice straw and chemical fertilizer (RF), 30% organic manure and 70% chemical fertilizer (OM), and without any fertilizer input as a control (CK). This result indicated that soil pH at 0–10 cm layer with RF and OM treatments was higher than that of MF and CK treatments. Soil exchangeable acidity content at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers with RF and OM treatments were decreased by 48.4%, 51.6% and 49.2%, 54.2%, compared with CK treatment, respectively. Soil exchangeable calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) and potassium (K+) contents at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers in paddy field with OM and RF treatments were higher than that of CK treatment. Moreover, compared with CK treatment, soil exchangeable base ion content at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers in paddy field with OM treatment were increased by 54.1% and 42.6%, respectively. Soil CEC and effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers with OM and RF treatments were significantly higher than that of MF and CK treatments. In conclusion, our results indicated that long-term application of crop residue or organic manure can improve soil exchangeable base ion and exchangeable capacity contents, alleviate soil acidity in a double-cropping paddy field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collagen V (Col5) is a quantitatively minor component of collagen fibrils comprising tendon, however, plays a crucial role in regulation of development and dynamic healing processes. Clinically, patients with COL5a1 haploinsufficiency, known as classic Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome (cEDS), present with hyperextensible skin, joint instability and laxity, with females more likely to be affected. Previous studies in Col5‐deficient mice indicated that reduced Col5a1 expression leads to a reduction in stiffness, fibril deposition, and altered fibril structure. Additionally, Col5‐deficient male tendons demonstrated altered healing compared to wild‐type tendons, however female mice have not yet been studied utilizing this model. Along with clinical differences between sexes in cEDS patient populations, differences in hormone physiology may be a factor influencing tendon health. Therefore, the objective of this study was to utilize a Col5a1+/− female mouse model, to determine the effect of Col5 on tendon cell morphology, cell density, tissue composition, and mechanical properties throughout healing. We hypothesized that reduction in Col5 expression would result in an abnormal wound matrix post‐injury, resulting in reduced mechanical properties compared to normal tendons. Following patellar tendon surgery, mice were euthanized at 1, 3, and 6‐week post‐injury. Col5‐deficient tendons demonstrated altered and decreased healing compared to WT tendons. The lack of resolution in cellularity by 6‐week post‐injury in Col5‐deficient tendons influenced the decreased mechanical properties. Stiffness did not increase post‐injury in Col5‐deficient mice, and collagen fiber realignment was delayed during mechanical loading. Therefore, increased Col5a1 expression post‐injury is necessary to re‐establish matrix engagement and cellularity throughout tendon healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to researchers, the nano-particles utilized in nano-fluids are typically comprised of metals, oxides, carbides, or carbon nanotubes. Nano-fluids have a wide range of applications including heat transfer, soil remediation, lubrication, oil recovery, and detergency. The current study focuses on the investigation of the active and passive control of nanoparticles between the squeezing plates in the presence of a magnetic field. The traditional Navier-Stokes nano-fluid equation along with the Maxwell equation, the magnetic force term, the energy equation, and the volume fraction equation are converted into the ordinary differential equations for establishing natural parameters. The Coupled systems of non-linear ODEs are then solved numerically through parametric continuation method. The Nusselt number, entropy generation, and nanoparticles volume fractions profiles are shown graphically to see the effect of several parameter under consideration. For accuracy, the results obtained by PCM has been compared with the result by BVP4C. It has been observed that the increase in the squeezing parameter decreases the fluid temperature. The active control of nano-particles decreases the mass transfer while passive control increases the mass transfer. Also, the active and passive of nanoparticles increases the temperature gradient with the increase of thermophoresis parameter. The same but opposite behavior is also observed for mass transfer. The increase in Ω , Pr , and Ec for active and passive of nanoparticles and boundary layer thickness decreases the entropy generation.