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Background Worldwide, problematic test anxiety is a common health problem among medical students. The magnitude of problematic test anxiety ranges from 25 to 40% in undergraduate medical students and has a detrimental effect on academic achievement and success of students. However, data on the prevalence of test anxiety among medical students is limited. Thus, the study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of test anxiety among medical students. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a stratified random sampling technique was used to select the participants. The level of test anxiety was determined by the Westside Test Anxiety Inventory (WTAI). We utilized logistic regression to explore the association between test anxiety and the potential sociodemographic/student-related characteristics among medical students. Results The study included 423 medical students. Our study resulted the prevalence of problematic test anxiety among medical students to be 52.30% (95% CI 47.40–57.30). The prevalence of test anxiety was remarkably higher in women (79.75%) than in men (33.62%) students. Female sex [AOR = 3.25, 95% CI: (1.54, 6.89)], having low grade [AOR = 0.11,95% CI: (0.044,0.288)], being first year [AOR = 10.55,95% CI: (1.4,76.7)], excessive course load [AOR = 6.128,95% CI: (2.675,14.039)], and taking oral examination [AOR = 2.89,95% CI: (1.42,5.84)] were determined as some of the predicting factors of test anxiety among medical students. Additionally, lack of systemic study plan [AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: (1.25, 4.59)], poor social support [AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: (1.56, 8.29)], moderate social support [AOR = 3.39, 95% CI: (1.56, 7.4)], psychologically distressed [AOR = 2.68, 95% CI: (1.37, 5.27)] independently predicts test anxiety among medical students. Conclusion Findings suggest that a substantial percentage of medical students had problematic test anxiety in Ethiopia (52.30%). This study also showed a significant association between test anxiety and female sex, having poor grade point average, being the first year, excessive course load, oral examination, lack of study plan, poor social support, moderate social support, and having psychological distress. Problematic test anxiety, which is found to be common among medical students, deserves more attention.

The development of Recommender Systems in universities students’ portal provides a significant impact on the student study plan and grades. Such systems are more beneficial when they match the software interface usability goals. Henceforth, the students will be more likely to use them. To the best of our knowledge, there are no proposed prototypes neither research works for Courses Recommender Systems in universities students’ portal. Hence, this paper will present a prototype proposal for such a system. The proposed prototype evaluation achieved 4.8643 on the Likert scale reflecting a system with high usability.

Background The Basic and Clinical Science Course (BCSC) is the primary educational curriculum for ophthalmology resident physicians in the United States. The Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP) examination is an annual evaluation completed by residents that is based primarily on the BCSC curriculum. First-year ophthalmology residents are encouraged to complete the 13 volume BCSC series in preparation for the OKAP examination while balancing a steep clinical learning curve and substantial call schedule. By calculating the daily time commitment necessary to read each volume in the series, we hope to help residents create a realistic study plan to compete the entire BSCS series before the OKAP examination. Methods We determine the word counts of each volume using an electronic copy of the 2018–2019 BCSC series. We include all text sections and legends, and we exclude all figures and tables. We calculate the time per day of dedicated reading required to complete a goal number of BCSC books between the start of ophthalmology residency (postgraduate year 2 [PGY2]) and the OKAP examination by developing a formula that is a function of self-assessed reading speed. Results A first-year ophthalmology (PGY2) resident with an average reading speed of 250 words per minute must read for 25.0 minutes per day to complete the entire BCSC series before the OKAP examination. If studying is initiated at the beginning of intern (PGY1) year, the resident must read for 10.2 minutes per day. We introduce a formula and provide a table to guide residents on the amount of time needed to dedicate to reading the BCSC each day as a function of self-assessed reading speed. Discussion Completion of all volumes of the BCSC requires a daily commitment with little room for missed sessions. The commitment is substantially more realistic if initiated during the PGY1 year; thus, residency programs should encourage an early start to OKAP preparation. We hope with a better understanding of the daily time commitment involved in completing the BCSC series, ophthalmology residents will be able to develop more successful study plans.

Mainstreaming is a viable strategy for strengthening environmental content in the curriculum and promoting social responsibility. In this sense, the article is oriented to design a methodological procedure to transversalize the environmental axis in the study plan of the career in Sciences and Information Technologies of the Autonomous University of Guerrero (Mexico). The methodology addresses four phases: diagnosis of teachers' perception of environmental knowledge; design of a training pro-posal; construction of environmental competence; and development of the methodological proposal. Among the results, the low integration of environmental competence into the learning unit stands out; most teachers do not suggest the integration of competencies, but show interest in contributing to the formation of environmentally responsible graduates. It is concluded that the environmental axis should be integrated into the educational programs; teachers should be trained to contribute to the training of professionals with the required competencies and to act with social and environmental responsibility. La transversalidad es una estrategia viable para fortalecer contenidos ambientales en el currículo y fomentar la responsabilidad social. En este sentido el artículo se orienta a diseñar un procedimiento metodológico para transversalizar el eje medio ambiente en el plan de estudio de la carrera de Ciencias y Tecnologías de la Información de la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero (México). La metodología aborda cuatro fases: diagnóstico de la percepción de los docentes sobre saberes ambientales; diseño de una propuesta de formación; construcción de la competencia ambiental; y desarrollo de la propuesta metodológica. Entre los resultados destaca la baja integración de la competencia ambiental a la unidad de aprendizaje; la mayoría de docentes no sugiere la integración de competencias, pero muestran interés por contribuir en la formación de egresados ambientalmente responsables. Se concluye como el eje medio ambiental debe tiene ser integrado a los programas educativos; los docentes deben capacitarse para contribuir a formar profesionales con las competencias requeridas y actuar con responsabilidad social y ambiental.

Spine is one subject evaluated by the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination. The purpose of our study was to analyze all spine-related questions on the OITE to determine the most commonly tested spine topics, as well as the level of evidence in cited references, to help guide resident preparation for future examinations. The OITE was analyzed from 2013 to 2017 for number of spine questions, subject matter, anatomy, and use of diagnostic imaging. The preferred responses were reviewed for journal article references and corresponding levels of evidence for each citation. The average number of spine questions on the OITE was approximately 25 (9.0% of the exam) with a focus on cervical spine (7.8; 31.5%) and lumbar spine (9.8; 39.5%). At least one type of diagnostic image accompanied 18.4 questions (74.2%), with magnetic resonance imaging being the most common modality (50.0%). Degenerative diseases (10.8; 43.5%) and trauma (7.0; 28.2%) made up the majority. The most commonly cited journals were Spine (21.5%), Journal of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (20.8%), Spine Journal (8.4%), and Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (8.4%). Review articles made up an average of 27.4 citations annually (49.5%). Level I evidence investigations were cited 3.4 times per examination. Developing a study plan centered on review articles as well as on high-yield topics should lead to optimal preparation for residents on the OITE.

Sampling is an instrument that allows having a portion that represents a whole, and, quantitatively, it allows to measure a specific analyte or several analytes, for diagnostic, clinical, and forensic exposure or control over time, based in a pre-established and validated study plan. In clinical and forensic samples from one individual, the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic factors should be considered in order to choose the most adequate matrix to study. In case of deceased individuals, additional matrices should be considered to the usual matrix. Sampling should be representative as for quality and quantity and should be associated to a chain of custody. Transport, storage, and analysis of samples are related to the type of matrix and the analyte to identify/measure. All samples should be traceable in any stage of the analysis and should receive an internal codification on entry. Also, the analytical method should be validated and associated to a traceable quality management system. Lastly, biosafety should consider the international recommendations for classification of mixtures and the residue management, in order to ensure the operativity of the technical working group.

The education system in general in Peru is changing, aligned with the Ministry Education's policies. In this context, this paper proposes aspects to improve the teaching of engineering, aims to develop competencies in students aligned with the policies of strategic sectors, through mechanisms that support the update of the study plan. These aspects will be developed jointly with the existing teaching through: teaching current issues, company-university chairs and continuing education programs.

The following essay will present research that studies the interweaving of color and memory. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of different formats of color within a prose fiction text, and to show how color affects the retention of the information read. To perform the study, one passage made in three different formats – black and white throughout the text, colored font on random words, or highlighted text on random words – will be randomly assigned to Advanced Placement (AP) and College Prep (Regular) English class juniors, followed by a test based on accuracy. The results show that color has a more positive influence than normal black and white text in regards to retaining information. Moreover, women overall were seen to perform significantly better on the text with highlighted text compared to colored font, whereas men overall were seen to be more successful using colored font than highlight. One can conclude from this research that using color to study and remember information for a test or a job-related interview can improve one’s performance. Due to the positive influence of color, students should ask their teachers to promote a more color-coded study plan, present key parts in a slideshow using highlighting or colored font, or more, which could lead to higher student scores and steer attention towards the information being given.

In modern society, competent employees are an important asset for any organization to be competitive. Employees can be competent in their jobs when they have required skills imposed by the organization to which they belong. Providing necessary skill sets to each employee can be cumbersome because their background and existing skill sets are different; so any uniform training attempt may be inefficient and costly. So in order to provide necessary skills to each employee effectively, the training must be customized. In our approach, we analyze employees' existing skill sets using their learner profile and determine necessary training by comparing organizations' required skill sets. We utilize European Skills, Competences and Occupations classification (ESCO) and Dublin Core to store available Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) courses using the concept of learning object and learning object repository. We then present required training in terms of a study plan that includes a list of MOOC courses.

Every college must have academic data. This academic data includes student data, course data, study plan data, achievement index, graduation data, and study period. Study period and percentage of students graduating on time become one of the important indicators in the assessment component of study program accreditation by BAN PT. The minimum number of students graduating on time is due to the unattended study period of students by study programs. The concept of data mining can be implemented to gain knowledge from these academic data. Data mining is a process that uses statistical, mathematical, and artificial intelligence techniques to extract useful knowledge (information) from a large database. This knowledge will be difficult to know if only using manual processes without using data mining technology. One technique used by data mining is the SVM algorithm. The SVM algorithm will build a classification model and determine which variable has the most influence on graduation on time. As a result, the semester achievement index becomes the main factor determining whether students will graduate on time or not.Every college must have academic data. This academic data includes student data, course data, study plan data, achievement index, graduation data, and study period. Study period and percentage of students graduating on time become one of the important indicators in the assessment component of study program accreditation by BAN PT. The minimum number of students graduating on time is due to the unattended study period of students by study programs. The concept of data mining can be implemented to gain knowledge from these academic data. Data mining is a process that uses statistical, mathematical, and artificial intelligence techniques to extract useful knowledge (information) from a large database. This knowledge will be difficult to know if only using manual processes without using data mining technology. One technique used by data mining is the SVM algorithm. The SVM algorithm will build a classification model and determine which variable has the most influence on graduation on time. As a result, the se...

The development of android smartphones also plays a role in the world of education, such as the presence of android-based learning media, android-based educational information systems, and much more. If a few years ago, the academic information system was limited in the form of a website, now the academic information system has also begun to be developed on Android-based mobile devices. This is quite reasonable considering there is a myriad of advantages possessed by Android-based applications. By using an Android-based academic information system, application users can dig up information anywhere and anytime such as: Independent Lecture Schedule, Online SPP Payment (no need to queue) to fill KRS (Study Plan Card), see KHS (Study Result Card), Trusteeship, Discussions, value announcements and much more, all that can be done via a smartphone. It’s effortless, like “University Information and Communication Center in the Grip. The main advantage of developing the University Mobile Application is in terms of mobility. The application on an Android smartphone can be used anywhere and anytime. Thanks to these characteristics, Mobile Application University is the right answer to overcome obstacles in web-based or desktop-based academic information systems. With the Android-based educational information system application, information system users can access information directly from an Android smartphone. Aside from the mobility side, the development of an Android-based academic information system is also becoming increasingly optimal thanks to the smartphone’s distinctive features such as the notification feature. With the notification feature, the information will be more quickly distributed to application users. Of course, the use of an Android-based academic information system application is more effective when compared to using a web-based educational information system that must wait for users to access the web.

Preoperative anesthesia-related anxiety is a major problem. Our aim was to investigate the effect of the idea of undergoing anesthesia on the quality of life of patients scheduled for elective surgery by evaluating preoperatively and postoperatively. All patients who were referred to the outpatient clinic of the Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department for preoperative assessment from May 2011 to December 2011 were informed about the study plan. Patients were evaluated with the SF-36 scale during their final examination and also after surgery. We found that the postoperative Mental Component Summary (MCS) domain demonstrated statistically significant increase compared to preoperative scores (51.3 ± 12.0 and 50.6 ± 12.7 respectively, p = 0.014). There were no significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative periods in terms of the Physical Component Summary (PCS) domain or any other subdimensions (p>0.005). When evaluated according to age groups, preoperative and postoperative PCS and MCS scores were found to be consistently higher in the 18–35 age group compared to older groups (p

espanolIntroduccion. Como parte del programa de retroalimentacion curricular de la unidad de educacion medica de la carrera de medicina de la Universidad de Antofagasta, se aplico una encuesta a la cohorte recien egresada de medicos cirujanos correspondiente a 2018. Objetivo. Conocer su percepcion respecto al cumplimiento de los objetivos curriculares del plan de estudios de la carrera de medicina. Sujetos y metodos.Estudio cuantitativo descriptivo que considero un censo a los egresados del periodo 2018 aprobados en el Examen Unico Nacional de Conocimientos de Medicina. El instrumento midio los grados de acuerdo y desacuerdo respecto a los objetivos curriculares (enunciados) plasmados en el plan de estudios de la carrera. Resultados.Los objetivos curriculares sobre formacion biopsicosocial, respeto a la dignidad de las personas, formacion en prevencion y promocion de la salud, y formacion de un profesional con sentido etico obtienen alta cantidad de frecuen-cias, concentradas en los grados de acuerdo. Se aprecian frecuencias negativas mas altas (aunque no mayoritarias) en dos objetivos curriculares: formacion biopsicosocial, y prevencion y promocion en salud. Conclusiones.Existe una valoracion positiva del cumplimiento de los objetivos curriculares del plan de estudios de la carrera de medicina; no obstante, deben reforzarse los que obtienen frecuencias absolutas mas altas en grados de des-acuerdo, a traves de actividades que revelen aspectos biopsicosociales en formacion. EnglishIntroduction. As part of the curricular feedback program of the Medical Education Unit of the Medical School of the University of Antofagasta, a survey was applied to the recently graduated cohort of surgeons corresponding to the year 2018. Aim. To know their perception regarding the fulfillment of the curricular objectives of the study plan of the medicine career. Subjects and methods. Quantitative-descriptive study, which considered a census of the graduates of the 2018 period approved in the Single National Examination of Medicine Knowledge. The instrument measured the degrees of agreement and disagreement with respect to the curricular objectives (statements) set out in the study plan of the degree. Results. The curricular objectives on biopsychosocial training, respect for the dignity of people, training in prevention and health promotion, training of a professional with an ethical sense, obtain a high number of frequencies, concentrated in degrees of agreement. Higher negative frequencies (although not majority) are seen in two curricular objectives: biopsychosocial training and prevention and promotion in health. Conclusions. There is a positive assessment of the fulfillment of the curricular objectives of the study plan of the medicine career, however, those that obtain higher absolute frequencies in degrees of disagreement should be reinforced, through activities that reveal biopsychosocial aspects in training.

BACKGROUND Students who enter the medical field are sometimes found to perform less satisfactorily at the professional examination. Their low achievement after securing the needs of admission through qualifying public examination seems something contrary to that is what generally expected. Hence, a study on this aspect of medical education is relevant to make a search on the factors that determine a poor performance by professional students in some instances. This project was done for fulfilling the need of an educational research for Fellowship in Medical Education (FIME) under the MCI Nodal Centre, Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala. The study had followed the prior works upon on a similar theme. The students in their tender age are sometimes found to be helpless in their burdening environment and unable to carry out their educational objectives satisfactorily. The aim of the study is to recognise the determinants of low scoring among second professional MBBS students in a Government Medical College in Central Kerala. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected using predesigned and pretested questionnaire distributed among the whole batch regular second MBBS students. The analysis was done by software SPSS. The descriptive variables were expressed as percentages. Association between sociodemographic factors and low scoring were found out by chi-square test. RESULTS Results expected could not make out stress as a significant factor unlike other research studies. The male gender, absence of regular study plan and lack of attention and poor comprehension were some of the factors, which influenced the marks gained at the examination. CONCLUSION The proportion of male medical students who secured low marks signifies a gender predilection for low scoring. This should be viewed upon the aspect of decreased tendency to have a regular study plan. The factors I found out to be detrimental in low scoring among medical students were student related only.

La información recopilada tiene el propósito de identificar las necesidades de formación profesional en el ámbito de la primera infancia, según la percepción del estudiantado que cursa el V y VI nivel de la Licenciatura en la Carrera de Pedagogía con énfasis en Educación Preescolar. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer sus percepciones sobre las necesidades de formación docente que se presentan en cuanto a la atención y educación en la primera infancia, para lo cual se considera su experiencia laboral, las experiencias y cursos que brinda la carrera en relación con dicho grupo etáreo, las necesidades de formación y los aspectos que la carrera debe mejorar para brindar una formación docente acorde con las necesidades y demandas actuales en el campo de la atención y educación para la primera infancia. Esta investigación tuvo un diseño metodológico exploratorio. Participan en la indagación, los grupos del nivel de Licenciatura de la carrera mencionada. El instrumento que se utiliza para la recopilación de la información es un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas relacionadas con las necesidades de formación y las experiencias concretas vivenciadas en este proceso. El análisis de datos de este estudio es descriptivo. Después se complementa la información recopilada con la investigación teórica, los aportes del proceso de revisión del Plan de estudios de la carrera de preescolar y los conocimientos construidos en la experiencia del proyecto de investigación Primera infancia: Hacia una propuesta de formación profesional contextualizada y pertinente. Entre las principales conclusiones: la mayoría de las estudiantes expresan que su formación carece de instrumentación profesional para el trabajo con la niñez desde el nacimiento hasta los cuatro años y la importancia de trabajar los procesos de intervención pedagógica en otras áreas que prioricen la inclusión del ciclo materno infantil y temáticas de estimulación temprana. Esta sistematización y análisis de la percepción del estudiantado ofrecen un insumo a considerar para el Plan de Estudios de la Carrera de Educación Preescolar, dado que estos resultados podrían colaborar en su revisión a la luz de las percepciones y vivencias del estudiantado, aportes fundamentales para construir una propuesta de formación docente contextualizada y pertinente.

En este artículo se presentan los resultados del proyecto pedagógico sobre la Valoración de las competencias implicadas en la formación del arquitecto defi nidas por el proyecto Tuning América Latina (TUNINGAL), en el contexto de la Pontifi cia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM). Este proyecto pedagógico surgió como una necesidad del Departamento de Arquitectura ante el reto de transformar el modelo de enseñanza-aprendizaje tradicional en una formación por competencias. Se realizó desde una metodología de Investigación-Acción-Participativa, a través de grupos focales en ambos campus universitarios. Los resultados de esta investigación identifican las competencias específicas para la carrera de arquitectura en el contexto de la PUCMM, sus niveles de dominio y distribución en el plan de estudio, así como la necesidad de redefinir el perfil de egreso y los programas de las asignaturas, basados en un modelo de formación por competencias.

In academia, smooth progression of students significantly depends on the way curricula are developed and organized. Curricula or study plans with high degree of interconnectivity between courses, multiple prerequisites, and hierarchically structured courses tend to complicate the smooth progress of the enrolled students. In this work, a rigorous quantitative relaxation indicator, developed and published elsewhere by the first author, has been applied to quantify the degree of stiffness and rigidity in undergraduate engineering curricula at the American University of Sharjah (AUS), the University of Sharjah (UOS), United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), and the Petroleum Institute (PI), which are the leading universities in the United Arab Emirates. Results indicate high rigidity (low relaxation indices) due to high degree of interconnectivity between courses, specifically in the second year of the study plans. The chemical engineering curriculum at PI exhibited the least flexibility due to very strong pre-and-co-requisite ties while the civil & environmental curriculum at UAEU showed the highest flexibility. The curricula considered require immediate attention and reorganization in order to facilitate smooth sequential progress of the students from one semester to another. A list of courses that require relaxation of strong pre-and corequisites ties has been presented for each curriculum.

Aim: To detect the most common musculoskeletal disorders and to explore the common injury and indication of different musculoskeletal systems, and then to obtain the causes of disorders by observing clinical indications via images. Methodology: The subjects in this project consisted of both genders—males and females and were investigated randomly by collecting data from the PACS unit that exists in the radiology department at KAUH. The participants had a mean age of 7.4 ± 0.3 years, a mean height of 118.2 ± 2.5 cm, a mean mass of 27.8 ± 1.5 kg, and a mean BMI of 19.6 ± 0.8 kg/m2. The author settled the study plan by building a special, appropriate questionnaire to be handed out to the patients and covered mainly the prospective studies of randomly selected patients who came to the emergency unit and the outpatient units from other departments at KAUH in Jeddah. Results: The ratio of injuries in male children (77%) against females (23%) is 3:1, and this ratio is considered significant between age groups for males when compared with females. The injuries existed most in the age groups of 4 to 6 years old and 8 to 10 years old with approximately the same percentage of the total subjects as about 21% for each age group. Trauma injury was significant (81%) compared to other types of causes in all age groups. There was a significant relationship between the causes of injuries and the age groups in pediatrics (p 0.05) between the site of injuries and age groups. The significant site that resulted from trauma was the knee (100%), out of the total traumas’ subject. There was a highly significant relationship between the site of injuries and its causes (p = 0.006, i.e. p < 0.05) that were expected. Conclusion: More awareness and understanding in the society are needed and we should concentrate on increasing the knowledge of such by providing them with more learning courses.

Today most universities have used online system in their academic administration activities, such as in the preparation of study plan, the payment of tuition, and others. There are several reasons for switching the system from manual to online, one of which is to prevent fraud. This study aims to find out whether the use of online system in academic administration activities at higher education has run properly and effectively. This study employed descriptive approach by using an online questionnaire method with the aim to see the responses of several students regarding the use of online systems in academic administration activities at higher education. Questionnaires were distributed using an online system through the Google Form application, where the respondents were sent a link that refers to the Google Form page containing some questions that would be answered by the respondents. And the results can be in the form of a graph from the Google Form. With the form, it can be obtained description of the online system and the respondents’ knowledge regarding fraud in the college environment.

Desa nelayan merupakan desa yang mata pencaharian penduduknya adalah perikanan laut. Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk desa nelayan menyebabkan peningkatan kebutuhan hidup yaitu kebutuhan sandang, pangan, papan, pendidikan, dan kesehatan serta mengakibatkan kondisi kualitas lingkungan yang buruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dan mengkaji kondisi pola spasial permukiman nelayan dan arahan penataan permukiman nelayan di Permukiman Wuring. Penelitian dilakukan dengan penelitian kualitatif. Tahap ini akan melakukan evaluasi dan penilaian kondisi spasial permukiman. Analisis data yang digunakan didasarkan pada skor dengan kriteria dan indikator yang telah ditentukan (Dirjen Cipta Karya, Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum, 2014 tentang Pedoman Pelaksanaan kegiatan identifikasi Kawasan Permukiman. Kumuh). Evaluasi kondisi permukiman nelayan di Perkampungan Wuring dapat dilihat dari nilai total keseluruhan komponen penilaian untuk Sembilan komponen penilaian. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah 2,88, artinya secara keseluruhan kualitas permukiman nelayan masih tergolong buruk karena di bawah angka 3. Arah pengembangan Perkampungan Wuring harus berdasarkan tata guna lahan. Pembagian zonasi kawasan permukiman nelayan Desa Wuring terdiri atas: Zona I, Perdagangan dan Jasa, Zona II, Pemanfaatan dan Zona III, Perlindungan. Kami menyimpulkan bahwa Desa Wuring dinilai buruk oleh karena itu mereka harus menata kembali kawasan tersebut menjadi zona tiga titik, Zona II dan Zona III. Kata Kunci: Evaluasi; Penilaian; Pola Ruang; Perkampungan Wuring; Zona Abstract. The increase in the fisherman village population causes an increase in the necessities of life, namely the need for clothing, food, shelter, education, and health, and leads to poor environmental quality conditions. This study aims to evaluate and assess the condition of the spatial pattern of fishermen settlements and the direction of arrangement of the fishermen settlement in Wuring Village. The research was conducted by qualitative research. This stage will carry out an evaluation and assessment of the spatial conditions of the settlement. The data analysis used is based on a score with predetermined criteria and indicators (DirjenCiptaKarya, Ministry of Public Work, 2014, concerning Guidelines for Implementation of Settlement Area identification activities. Grungy). Evaluation of the condition of the fishermen settlement in Wuring village can be seen from the total value of the overall assessment components for the 9 assessment components. The result obtained is 2.88, meaning that the overall quality of the fishermen settlement is still considered poor because it is below number 3. The zoning division in the fishing settlement area of Wuring village consists of Zone I, Trade and services, Zone-II, Utilization, and Zone III, Protection. We conclude that Wuring Village assed as a bad point therefore they should rearrange the area to be three-point Zone I, Zone II, and Zone III. Keywords : Evaluation; Assessment; Spatial Pattern; Wuring Village; Zone

Government plans to build Semarang Harbor Toll road that connects Kaliwungu, West Semarang-Ahmad Yani Airport, North Semarang, Tanjung Emas Port, and Kaligawe to unravel congestion on existing roads where current conditions are not yet available integrated public transportation, this is indicated by high volume of traffic 3,949 pce/hour with a VCR value of 1.25. This study aims to analyze travel time on toll roads, the toll tariffs of Harbor Tolls based on analysis of Ability to Pay (ATP) and Willingness to Pay (WTP) and potential for traffic flow that moves from existing roads to toll roads using binomial logit method. Analysis results obtained Semarang Harbor Toll road rates for group I of Rp. 1,040/km, group II, tariff is Rp. 1,200/km and tariff of Rp. 1,300/km. There is a difference between ATP, WTP analysis and binomial logit analysis based on BOK for class I where toll road mode selection is Rp. 947/km, existing road Rp. 1,583/km. Then for Group II, the selection of toll road mode is Rp. 1,121/Km, the existing road Rp. 1,611/Km and class III obtained the selection of the mode of toll roads 1,206/Km, the existing road Rp. 1,876/km.

Background Boarding facilities on wharves allow all passengers to get on and off the passenger ships safely and comfortably. This will most likely be true for major ports in Taiwan that cater for international and domestic shipping transport. However, boarding facilities in smaller ports may not always be adequate for disabled and elderly passengers. Purpose This study fills the gap by examining the status of boarding facilities in small ports around Taiwan and make recommendations for port authorities to improve on these boarding facilities with a focus on the needs of disabled passengers. Basic procedures Following field trips to ports in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore, and literature reviews, we compiled a preliminary list of boarding facilities and influencing factors for improvement options, and devised a study plan which includes field trips, interviews, a questionnaire survey, and analysis and recommendations. Findings We collected 1815 questionnaires from five groups of respondents: wharf managers, ship owners/operators, crews, non-disabled passengers and disabled passengers. The top 5 improvement options selected are: Improvement on existing facility, Universal ramp, Floating wharf, Mobile ramp with adjustable height and Japanese folding sloped ramp. The top 5 influencing factors selected are: Safety, Convenience, Effectiveness, Compatibility and Urgency. Conclusion Based on the questionnaire survey and our analysis, we compiled a number of observations, and made a list of recommendations to port authorities and related government agencies, ship/ferry owners, operators and crews, and passengers, so that safety and comfortability can be improved for all.

El periodo que va de 1957 a 1975 resultó crucial para la formación reglada en arquitectura en la España contemporánea. Durante esa etapa se sucedieron un conjunto de leyes educativas, planes de estudios, debates académico-profesionales, así como la construcción de nuevas escuelas, que determinaron tanto los contenidos como las metodologías docentes de las que se convertirían en Escuelas Técnicas Superiores de Arquitectura. Así, la Ley de Ordenación de las Enseñanzas Técnicas de 1957 y el Plan de Estudios de 1975 enmarcaron este periodo fecundo también en congresos, estudios estadísticos y publicaciones. El presente artículo repasa exhaustivamente el material disperso publicado durante este periodo en actas de congresos, revistas, libros y leyes, para reconstruir una parte reciente de la historiografía española, que también influyó en la práctica profesional y en la reflexión académica. Unos años que han sido sólo parcialmente estudiados, sobre todo a través de la obra construida de los arquitectos y arquitectas de la última modernidad española, pero no tanto desde los debates docentes y pedagógicos que tuvieron lugar dentro y fuera de las aulas, y en los colegios profesionales. The years between 1957 and 1975 were crucial for formal education in architecture in contemporary Spain. During this time, a set of educational laws, study plans, and academic-professional debates as well as the construction of new schools. These new measures determined both the content and teaching methods that would become Schools of Architecture. Thus, the Law of July 20, 1957 on the Organization of Technical Education and the 1975 Study Plan also framed this productive period in conferences, statistical studies and publications. This work exhaustively reviews scattered materials that were published during this period in conference proceedings, journals, books and laws, to reconstruct a recent part of Spanish historiography, which also influenced professional practise and academic reflection. Only some years have been partially studied, mainly through built works by architects of the latest Spanish modernity and not so much from teaching and pedagogical debates that took place within and out of the classroom and in professional institutions.

BAAK Jakarta STMIK Campus STI & K or the Academic and Student Administration Bureau is a bureau that handles everything related to organizing teaching and learning activities at the STMIK Jakarta STI & K Campus. Problems with the services provided on the site include, among other things, class schedules, exam schedules, academic news, academic calendars, KRS (Study Plan Card) filling schedules and others. The method in this study uses the waterfall in designing BOT applications based on the Line Messenger platform. The results of this study are to facilitate and expand student access to obtain services from BAAK. Not only makes it easy to get information about academics at the STMIK Jakarta STI & K Campus, but also makes it easy to share that information with friends.

El número de estudiantes en las diferentes universidades del mundo ha aumentado significativamente en los últimos cinco años. Este incremento, ha ocasionado que las asesorías curriculares no se realicen de la mejor manera, lo que ha generado inconformidad en los estudiantes. Con el propósito de disminuir dicho nivel de inconformidad, se efectuó el presente estudio, el cual propone el diseño de un modelo matemático que determine de forma rápida y específica el nivel de complejidad de las asignaturas para cada estudiante. Para ello, se tomó como caso de estudio a los estudiantes del programa de pregrado de Ingeniería Industrial de la Universidad del Norte. Primeramente, se creó una encuesta a la cual se le realizó el respectivo estudio del tamaño de muestra y se determinó la veracidad de los datos. Con lo anterior, se obtuvo la percepción del estudiante en cuanto al nivel de complejidad de todas las asignaturas presentes en el plan de estudio. Adicionalmente, se realizó un análisis para determinar las variables que afectan la percepción de complejidad que tiene cada individuo respecto a cierta asignatura. Aspectos como el índice de repitencia del semestre anterior de la asignatura en cuestión y las calificaciones de las asignaturas pre requisito de la misma fueron considerados en dicho análisis. En cuanto a limitaciones, se presentaron inconvenientes en la recolección de algunas de las variables mencionadas debido a la escasez de información registrada. Seguidamente, se propuso con base en tres asignaturas del plan de estudio, un modelo de regresión logística ordinal con las variables mencionadas anteriormente. Como resultado, se obtuvo un proceso que permite desarrollar un modelo, que puede ser replicado para todas las asignaturas de un plan de estudio. Este modelo nos permite pronosticar el nivel de complejidad de un estudiante en particular para una asignatura específica. The number of students in the different universities of the world has increased significantly in the last five years. This increase has caused curricular advising not to be carried out in the best way, which has generated dissatisfaction in the students. With the purpose of reducing this level of dissatisfaction, the present study was carried out, which proposes the design of a mathematical model that determines quickly and specifically the level of complexity of the subjects for each student. For this, the students of the undergraduate program of Industrial Engineering at Universidad del Norte were taken as a case study. First, a survey was created to which the respective study of the sample size was made and the veracity of the data was determined. With the above, the student's perception was obtained regarding the level of complexity of all the subjects present in the study plan. Additionally, an analysis was conducted to determine the variables that affect the perception of complexity that each individual has regarding a certain subject. Aspects such as the repetition rate of the previous semester of the subject in question and the qualifications of the prerequisite subjects were considered in analysis above. Regarding limitations, there were inconveniences in the collection of some of the mentioned variables due to the shortage of recorded information. Then, an ordinal logistic regression model with the variables mentioned above was proposed based on three subjects of the study plan. As a result, a process was obtained that allows the development of a model, which can be replicated for all the subjects of a study plan. This model allows us to predict the level of complexity of a particular student for a specific subject.

La asesoría curricular es un proceso de apoyo, donde se gestiona y diseña el plan de estudio de una carrera. Actualmente, es un proceso manual con altos requerimientos de tiempo debido a su alta demanda. Sistematizar este tipo de procesos, permite además de la optimización de los recursos, mayor cobertura, permitiéndole a un mayor número de estudiantes balancear la carga académica. Con el fin de lograr los objetivos planteados, se debe realizar el análisis del rendimiento académico del estudiante y de la asignatura. Así, el objetivo de este proyecto es determinar el índice de dificultad de una asignatura en un proceso de asesoría curricular. Lo anterior, se logra utilizando dos métodos; el diseño de un modelo matemático y la aplicación de una encuesta de percepción. Para el diseño del modelo matemático, con el objetivo de determinar aquellos factores imprescindibles para el modelado de la ecuación, fue necesario el análisis previo de la información suministrada. Los factores considerados son: la nota promedio, el nivel de repitencia, los prerrequisitos, los correquisitos y las dependencias de las asignaturas de un plan académico. El modelo fue sometido a escenarios en los cuales se evaluaban el rendimiento de la materia y del estudiante. Seguidamente, se establecieron para los resultados finales condiciones que ayudaran a medir el nivel de dificultad por medio de un rango. Como resultado del análisis de los modelos, se pudo concluir, que el primer modelo arroja valores más significativos que el segundo. Por último, se realizó la encuesta de percepción a estudiantes y egresados. Los resultados obtenidos fueron sometidos a un análisis descriptivo, para luego compararlos con los datos arrojados por el modelo matemático elegido. Al momento de realizar la comparación, se pudo observar similitud en varias de las asignaturas, demostrando que los índices obtenidos matemáticamente concuerdan en gran medida con la perspectiva real del estudiante frente a la materia examinada. Curriculum advice is a support process, where the curriculum of a career is managed and designed. Currently, it is a manual process with high time requirements due to its high demand. Systematize this type of processes, as well as the optimization of resources, the greater coverage, the permit and the number of students in the academic load. In order to achieve the objective, set, the analysis of the academic performance of the student and the subject must be carried out. Thus, the objective of this project is to determine the difficulty index of a subject in a curricular advisory process. The above is used using two methods; The design of a mathematical model and the application of a perception survey. For the design of the mathematical model, in order to determine the indispensable factors for the mode of the equation, it was necessary to previously analyze the information provided. The factors considered are the average grade, the repetition level, the prerequisites, the basic requirement and the dependencies of the subjects of an academic plan. The model was subjected to a scenario where the performance of the subject and the student is evaluated. Next, it was established for the final results. As a result of the analysis of the models, it was possible to conclude that the first model yielded more significant values than the second. Finally, the perception survey was conducted on students and graduates. The results obtained were subjected to a descriptive analysis, to then compare them with the data thrown by the chosen mathematical model. At the time of the comparison, similarity could be observed in several of the subjects, demonstrating that the mathematically obtained indexes are broadly in line with the real perspective of the student in relation to the subject examined.

Trial simulations have emerged as a promising tool to optimize pediatric drug development programs. As the current FDA legislation on pediatric drugs and devices was updated to mirror the EMA legislation, pediatric programs must be developed with global strategies that support a Pediatric Investigation Plan (PIP) for the EMA and a Pediatric Study Plan (PSP) for the FDA. A pharmacometrics framework is proposed to support global regulatory strategies for pediatric drug development programs. The framework describes specific trigger points and opportunities for applying modeling and simulation techniques to design the PIP and PSP and ultimately optimize pediatric drug development programs. The development of pediatric protocols by simulations and execution plans is deemed critical in defining expectations and ensuring the future success of these global programs. This can lead to clinical trial designs that are more efficient, less prone to failure, and ultimately, less costly.

Este artículo presenta un estudio exploratorio realizado en el nivel de postgrado de una universidad de Santo Do­mingo, República Dominicana, donde se estudió el uso de los modelos educativos reflejados en la metodología de enseñanza de los docentes del cuarto nivel. Se abordó el manejo e implementación de ciertas técnicas y estrategias utilizadas por los docentes y la relación observable entre la perspectiva docente y la literatura experta. Para reali­zar esta investigación, se utilizó una metodología donde se prioriza la indagación, con un enfoque descriptivo de profundización, para explicar lo que se plantea sobre las diversas estrategias metodológicas existentes y la manera en que los docentes apropian e implementan las teorías, a través de estas. Se concluye que no todos los docentes em­plean métodos adecuados y motivadores, que sean propios del nivel, del estudiantado y del plan de estudio. Al final se ofrecen algunas recomendaciones.

El currículo se está viendo de manera cerrada, compacta, sin oportunidad de ir más allá, de trascender, tanto así que en algunas instituciones educativas, pareciera que debe llevarse un orden lógico establecido, se ha llegado al límite de cuestionar al docente, si por el desarrollo de la clase o de un tema en general se trabaja con un texto diferente que no esté especificado en el currículo socializado al inicio del semestre o año escolar, se hace un llamado a la reflexión para flexibilizar el concepto de currículo más allá de un programa o un simple plan de estudios, para que se vea más como un proceso de aprendizaje completo, donde el recurso humano junto con sus necesidades y fortalezas sean el actor principal de desarrollo con aras de culminar un proyecto educativo planteado. También se ha contextualizado al lector con el currículo que no está escrito, que no se puede ver pero sí identificar y que está implícito en la formación que ofrece cada colegio o universidad, a este concepto se le llama el Currículo Oculto, visto como una identidad que se construye en una u otra institución y da una especie perfil, como la manera de saludar, de vestir, de expresarse, en fin una serie de comportamientos especiales y característicos en cada estudiante. The curriculum is being viewed in a closed, compact, with no opportunity to go beyond, to transcend, so much so that in some educational institutions, it seems that it must take an established logical order, has reached the limit of questioning the teacher, if by the development of the class or of a topic in general is worked with a different text that is not specified in the socialized curriculum at the beginning of the semester or school year, a reflection call is made to make the concept of curriculum more flexible beyond a program or a simple curriculum, so that it looks more like a complete learning process, where the human resource along with its needs and strengths are the main actor of development with the aim of completing an educational project. The reader has also been contextualized with the curriculum that is not written, that can not be seen but can be identified and that is implicit in the training offered by each school or university, this concept is called the Hidden Curriculum, seen as an identity that is constructed in one or another institution and gives a kind profile, such as the way of greeting, dressing, expressing oneself, in short a series of special and characteristic behaviors in each student.

Students attaining higher schooling in specialized courses are often unaware of grading systems that are followed because of which they find it challenging to cope up with their ongoing course. They are unable to extemporize on their study plan and fail to accomplish better scores. There could be innumerable reasons (both personal and professional) like health concerns; family occasions; involvement in extracurricular activities such as technical, cultural, sports, among others-which ultimately leads to inadequate scores at the end of a semester of an academic year. There felt a need to develop a system that can estimate a range of scores for internal assessment tests (IATs) and end semester examinations (ESEs) for students so that they can prepare accordingly for IATs and ESEs and attain their desired pointer in a semester. There are several educational systems trying to predict students' grades or scores, but they face certain limitations like accuracy, response time, and error handling. This work aims to overcome the abovementioned limitations by developing a state-of-the-art estimation system that calculates semester grade point average by considering students' IAT marks as input and forecasts minimum and maximum marks that need to be scored in ESEs based on a selected pointer. Moreover, the system is capable of specifying ways to achieve the desired pointer without the inclusion of IAT marks. The developed system will undeniably be beneficial for both students and educational institutions wherein a student can beforehand calculate his/her academic performance and institutions can timely and precisely monitor students' growth leading to future betterment.

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com o objetivo retratar a percepção de cinco professores-estagiários-PE portugueses sobre sua própria formação acadêmica, por meio do grupo focal e a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstraram que os PE sentem a necessidade de um maior contato com a realidade escolar durante a formação acadêmica e que suas dificuldades no estágio dizem respeito ao controle e autoridade da turma ao se trabalhar modalidades que não estavam presentes no plano de estudo. Como consideração registra-se a presença dos professores supervisor e orientador como fundamentais para o auxílio dos PE e o acontecimento do estágio.

Background There are an increasing number of publications concerning the roles and impacts of pharmacists. Decision makers, clinicians and patients need evidence to support an appropriate allocation of funds to better use the expertise of pharmacists. Purpose To provide a profile of the roles and impacts of the pharmacist in the literature. Material and methods Review of literature. Articles in English and French related to the roles and the impacts of the pharmacist were selected, according a reproducible search strategy from 1990 to September 2017 in Pubmed and Pubmed Central. The following variables were extracted: author, country, study plan, pharmaceutical activities, patient care programmes, diseases, outcomes (e.g. mortality, morbidity, costs, adverse events, medication errors, compliance, satisfaction, other) and a quality score. Outcome results were categorised as positive, neutral or negative. Only descriptive statistics were performed. Results On 20 September, 2017, a total of 2323 articles were included on 100 themes (e.g. 41 pharmaceutical activities, 30 diseases and 29 patient care programmes). Studies were conducted in the United States (46.6%), multiple countries (8.2%), Canada (7.8%), France (6.2%), the United Kingdom (5.3%), Australia (3.6%) and other countries (19.3%). Studies were either cross-sectional (47%), retrospective (33%), prospective (18%) or uncategorised (12%). Outcomes included morbidity (22%), medication errors (11.7%), satisfaction (7.3%), adherence (6%), costs (5.6%), adverse reactions (3.7%), mortality (1.3%) and others (42.4%). Included studies reported 6784 descriptive indicators and 5108 outcome indicators (60% were positive, 39% neutral and 1% negative). The quality score of articles (n=1,697) were either excellent (8.8%), acceptable (34.2%) or with methodological limitations (57%). Conclusion This review of the literature confirms the extensive presence of pharmacists in numerous patient care programmes, treating different diseases and performing a variety of pharmaceutical activities. Most outcomes related to pharmaceutical activities were positive. However, a significant proportion of published studies had methodological limitations. Pharmacists need to be more exposed to evidence about their roles and their impact, both in community and hospital settings. Furthermore, increasing funding for evaluative research must be supported by external stakeholders in different countries to better understand the impact of pharmacists’ activities. No conflict of interest

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Se presenta TalentoEDU, Proyecto de Innovación que surge ante las necesidades formativas de los futuros docentes respecto al alumnado con Alta Capacidad Intelectual. Este proyecto que se ha insertado en algunas de las asignaturas que conforman el Plan de Estudios de los Títulos de Grado que se imparten en el Centro de Magisterio “Sagrado Corazón”, adscrito a la Universidad de Córdoba. Pretende promover competencias para la atención a la diversidad en este ámbito. Los resultados de la experiencia indican que TalentoEDU ha contribuido a dicha formación, dada la satisfacción mostrada por los universitarios. This paper frames TalentoEDU Innovation Project that emerges from the academic needs of future teachers considering High Ability students. This project has been included in some of the subjects within the study plan of the Bachelor Degrees belonging to “Sagrado Corazón” teacher-training center, attached to the University of Cordoba. It aims at promoting skills related to attention to diversity in this field. The results of this experience suggest that TalentoEDU has contributed to the training on this field, according to the satisfaction that our college students showed.

Scientific research on human subjects or animals calls for meticulous ethical scrutinizing and approval of the study plan before any such research can be commenced. Modern techniques such as genetic biomanipulation have brought unforeseen ethical problems calling for special attention. In this chapter we briefly discuss the philosophical and historical basis of ethics with focus on medical research ethics. The process of ethical approval is also being described.

Resumen Entre las instituciones europeas cuyos sistemas pedagógicos influenciaron profundamente la enseñanza de la arquitectura y de la construcción durante el siglo XIX y comienzos del siglo XX, la Ecole Polytechnique (fundada en París en 1794) ocupó un lugar central, gracias a la labor pedagógica desarrollada por figuras como Jean Nicolas Louis Durand, de Léonce Reynaud y de Gustave Umbdenstock, cuyos cursos en la Ecole fueron publicados y alcanzaron amplio reconocimiento en el ámbito académico internacional. Es a partir de esto que se estudian diversos aspectos de la labor docente de un discípulo de Reynaud: el ingeniero Fernand de Dartein (1838-1912), quien ocupó también la cátedra titular de arquitectura en la Ecole Polytechnique, entre 1870 y 1910. Para ello, se analizan los planes de estudio de los cursos impartidos por Dartein; ejemplos de las modalidades de transmisión aplicadas (ejercicios gráficos y cuadernos de notas de alumnos); y escritos del propio Dartein, a través de los cuales es posible identificar elementos de ruptura y de continuidad que caracterizaron la enseñanza de la arquitectura en una época en la cual se acentuaban las diferencias entre el aprendizaje artístico de la composición arquitectónica y la integración de la dimensión técnica. Abstract Among the European institutions whose pedagogical systems profoundly influenced the teaching of architecture and construction during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the École Polytechnique (founded in Paris in 1794) occupied a central place, thanks to the pedagogical work developed by scholars such as Jean Nicolas Louis Durand, Léonce Reynaud, and Gustave Umbdenstock, whose courses at the École were published and achieved wide recognition in the international academic field. Based on this, this paper analyzes various aspects of the teaching work of a disciple of Reynaud: the engineer Fernand de Dartein (1838-1912), who also held the position of chair of architecture at the École Polytechnique between 1870 and 1910. To this effect, it examines study plans from the courses taught by Dartein; examples of the transmission modes applied (graphic exercises and student notebooks); and Dartein’s own writings, through which it is possible to identify elements of rupture and continuity that characterized the teaching of architecture in an era when there were prominent differences between the artistic learning of architectural composition and the integration of technical dimensions. Resumo Entre as instituições europeias, cujos sistemas pedagógicos influenciaram profundamente o ensino da arquitetura e da construção durante o século XIX e princípios do século XX, a École Polytechnique (fundada em Paris, em 1794) ocupou um lugar central, graças ao trabalho pedagógico desenvolvido por figuras como Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand, Léonce Reynaud e Gustave Umbdenstock, cujos cursos na École foram publicados e alcançaram amplo reconhecimento no âmbito acadêmico internacional. É a partir disso que diversos aspectos do trabalho docente de um discípulo de Reynaud são estudados: o engenheiro Fernand de Dartein (1838-1912), que também ocupou a cadeira titular de arquitetura na École Polytechnique, entre 1870 e 1910. Assim, foram analisados os planos de estudo dos cursos ministrados por Dartein; exemplos das modalidades de transmissão aplicadas (exercícios gráficos e cadernos de notas de alunos); e escritos do próprio Dartein, através dos quais é possível identificar elementos de ruptura e de continuidade que caracterizaram o ensino da arquitetura em uma época na qual as diferenças entre a aprendizagem artística da composição arquitetônica e da integração da dimensão técnica eram acentuadas.

Resumo Este artigo resulta de um estudo mais amplo e tem como objetivo analisar as perspectivas de Pedagogia da Alternância que orientam os Projetos Político-Pedagógicos das Escolas Famílias Agrícolas (EFAs) de Porto Nacional e “Zé de Deus”, de Colinas do Tocantins, e verificar que instrumentos pedagógicos são indicados para o acompanhamento das atividades didático-pedagógicas no processo de efetivação da alternância. A Pedagogia da Alternância acontece em tempos/espaços alternados (escola-comunidade), com instrumentos didático-pedagógicos elaborados a partir da realidade da escola e de seus estudantes. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, com a abordagem qualitativa. Assim, foram realizados estudos bibliográficos que possibilitaram o aprofundamento do conhecimento acerca da Educação do Campo e da Pedagogia da Alternância, bem como a análise dos Projetos Político-Pedagógicos (PPPs) das EFAs supramencionadas. Os resultados indicam que as perspectivas de Pedagogia da Alternância que orientam os PPPs das respectivas EFAs apresentam características de práticas da Pedagogia da Alternância real ou integrativa, descrita por Silva; que elas utilizam como instrumentos didático-pedagógicos o plano de estudo, a folha de observação, o caderno da realidade, o serão de estudo, visitas e viagens de estudo e o caderno de acompanhamento. Tais instrumentos apresentam, em sua estrutura, elementos que dão suporte à formação integral dos jovens no movimento da alternância. A Pedagogia da Alternância é um processo em permanente construção e reconstrução que se constitui numa importante alternativa de atendimento à escolarização dos povos que vivem no e do campo. Abstract This article results from a broader study and aims to analyze the perspectives of Alternation Pedagogy that guide the Political-Pedagogical Projects of the Agricultural Family Schools (EFAs) of Porto Nacional and “Zé de Deus”, from Colinas do Tocantins, and verify which pedagogical instruments are indicated to monitor didactic-pedagogical activities in the process of making alternation effective. The Alternation Pedagogy happens in rotation times / spaces (school-community), with didactic-pedagogical instruments developed from and based on the reality of the school and its students. The methodology used was the bibliographical search plus a qualitative approach. Thus, bibliographical studies were carried out to get a deeper knowledge about Rural Education and Alternation Pedagogy, as well as the analysis of the Political-Pedagogical Projects (PPPs) of the EFAs mentioned above. The results indicate that the perspectives of Alternation Pedagogy that guide the PPPs of the respective EFAs have characteristics of practices of Real or Integrative Alternation Pedagogy described by Silva; that they use the didactic-pedagogical instruments as the study plan, the observation sheet, the notebook of reality, the study period, visits and study trips and the monitoring notebook. These instruments have, in their structure, elements that support the integral formation of young people in the movement of alternation. The Pedagogy of Alternation is a process in permanent construction and reconstruction which is an important alternative in providing schooling for the people who live in and depend on rural areas.

Resumen:El ensayo tiene como objetivo exponer las reflexiones acerca de la nueva concepción de un componente curricular denominado módulo de enseñanza y su vínculo con la competencia profesional. Se basa en la aplicación de la teoría del enfoque histórico cultural y en la metodología del análisis estructural-funcional de la actividad a la educación superior. Se expone una breve descripción del procedimiento empleado para determinar los módulos y el surgimiento de la competencia profesional en el proceso de diseño curricular de una carrera universitaria. La concepción de estos componentes (módulo y competencia profesional) difiere de las conocidas hasta el presente, las cuales han sido cuestionadas por diferentes autores. Se concibe el módulo como una unidad estructural y funcional dirigida a la formación de competencias en el profesional. En estas se incluye como elemento central el modo de actuación profesional. La nueva concepción del módulo y de la competencia profesional obtenida cambia, no solo en sus esencias, sino que modifica también los aspectos laborales e investigativos integrados en ellas La utilización de una base científica para la determinación de componentes curriculares permitió llegar a nuevas y sólidas concepciones sobre dichos componentes. Abstract:The essay has the objective of expose ideas about a new view of a curricula component named module and the join with the professional competence. . It was based in cultural historic theory with a theoretical methodoly of analyze the activity. It show a brief description of the procedures utilized in order to determine modules and the professional competence in the process of university curricula design. The idea of those components (module and professional competence) is different of others that exists, and that are analyzed by others authors. The module in this conception is a structural and functional educational unit oriented to develop professional competence. Its central component is the professional mode of actuation, but it is not the unique. This new view of module and professional competence change their essences and other aspects that are included. The use of scientific theory in order to meet curricular components conduced to new and hard conceptions of them.

هدفت الدراسة التعرف على مستوى أداء معلمي الرياضيات بالمرحلة الابتدائية للمهارات اللازمة لتنفيذ الدروس وفق مرکزية المتعلم في ثلاثة محاور هي: بناء بيئة التعلم الصفية، ودمج التقنية في التعليم، والتمرکز حول المتعلم، وکذلک التعرف على کفاية الزمن المخصص في الخطة الدراسية لتنفيذ دروس الرياضيات بالمرحلة الابتدائية؛ وفق مرکزية المتعلم، والعلاقة بينهما. وقد طبقت أداتا الدراسة وهما بطاقة ملاحظة صفية واستبانه من إعداد الباحث على عينة عشوائية بسيطة من معلمي الصفوف العليا بالمرحلة الابتدائية بمدينة الطائف، بلغت (18) معلما، وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن أداء عينة الدراسة وفق مرکزية المتعلم في المحاور الثلاثة کان متوسطا، ومتوسط آراء معلمي الرياضيات في کفاية الزمن المخصص في الخطة الدراسية لتنفيذ دروس الرياضيات وفق مرکزية المتعلم يقع في المستوى المتوسط، وأظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباطيه موجبة بين الأداء الدراسي لمعلمي الرياضيات وفق مرکزية المتعلم وآرائهم في کفاية الزمن لتنفيذ تلک المقررات، وقد أوصت الدراسة بتحسين بيئات التعلم الصفية وتوفير التجهيزات اللازمة، وکذلک توفير التدريب اللازم الذي يرکز على تکوين المهارة لدى معلم الرياضيات، وتفعيل قنوات التدريب الالکتروني، وتوجيه معلمي الرياضيات إلى التمييز بين المحتوى الأساسي للمناهج الدراسية والمحتوى ألإثرائي؛ حفاظا على زمن الحصة الدراسية. The study aimed at identifying the performance level of mathematics elementary school teachers for some of the required skills for implementing the lessons according to learner centeredness within three axes: building the learning classroom environment, integrating technology in education and learner centeredness as well as identifying the sufficiency of time allotted in the study plan for implementing elementary stage mathematics lessons according to learner centeredness and the relationship between them. The two instruments of the study, namely, classroom observation card and a researcher-prepared questionnaire, were applied to a simple random sample (18) upper elementary school teachers in Taif. The results of the study revealed that the performance of the study sample according to learner centeredness in the three axes was average and the average views of mathematics teachers regarding sufficiency of time allotted in the lesson plan for implementing the lessons according to learner centeredness was on the average. The results also showed a positive correlation between the teaching performance of the mathematics teachers according to learner centeredness and their views in the sufficiency of time for implementing the courses. The study recommended improving the learning classroom environments, providing the necessary equipment, as well as providing the necessary training which focuses on skill forming of mathematics teachers, activating electronic training channels, directing mathematics teachers towards distinguishing between the basic content of the educational curricula and the enrichment content in preserving the time of the class period.

In general, abstraction and correct understanding of fundamental concepts play an important role in teaching practice. A good teacher not only has to know the proper meaning of concepts, but also be able to use them correctly and recognize situations in which it is sensible to use particular terms. Pupils acquire notions of terms in their early childhood and then in primary educational level, therefore primary teachers’ correct understanding of the concepts is essential. During their university studies some teacher trainees find out that they have incorrect or insufficient notion of geometric terms. This can be remedied in several ways. Useful remedy methods can be discussions, Socratic dialogue or use of various material teaching aids. We managed to interlink these three methods in a 90-minute lesson of an optional course covered in study plan of the Teacher Training Master Programme for Primary Education at Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia. The students who participated in the lesson were in their first or second year of the master degree study. The submitted contribution comprises a brief description of the lesson and a summary of findings we obtained by means of worksheets filled in by the teacher trainees.

The aim of current study was to investigate the effect of four weeks of beta-alanine supplementation on anaerobic power and plasma lactate level of unprofessional male bodybuilders. For this purpose, the study plan was performed as pretest-posttest with control group and as one blind trial. 20 mature and unprofessional athletes were randomly divided into two groups of 10 people including supplement and placebo (supplement group: 25±0.81 years old, weight 82.10kg±4.78 kg and BMI 24.34±2.19kg/m 2 and placebo group: 24.40± 1.07 years old, weight 80.60±5.85 kg and BMI 23.34±1.16 kg/m 2 ). Within experimental period of four weeks, the subjects of supplement group received six mg daily beta-alanine supplement for five days a weeks and the subjects of placebo group received placebo to the same dosage (Aspartate Flavor Powder). Both groups also participated in four weeks of bodybuilding exercises, designed by the researcher. As pretest and posttest, the subjects of both groups participated in anaerobic test of RAST respectively in one day before and after finishing experimental period to evaluate the indicators of anaerobic power and to measure blood lactate levels. Blood samples were taken from them immediately after RAST test. To analyze data, dependent t-test as well as two-way covariance analysis test was used. Statistical operations were checked in significance level of P≤0.05 and then the following results were obtained: compared to placebo group, four weeks of beta-alanine supplementation led to significant improvement of anaerobic peak power and fatigue index of subjects (P≤0.05) but it didn’t have any significant effect on average anaerobic power and plasma lactate level following one session of intense anaerobic activity. Since, increased anaerobic peak power and reduced fatigue can indicate improvement of subjects’ anaerobic power, it can be concluded that this type of supplementation has caused improvement of participants’ anaerobic power.

The research presented in this paper was aimed to analyse and evaluate the impact of organizational factors on the effectiveness of visual inspection in the manufacturing of electronic systems for the automotive industry. The study was carried out according to the authors’ own methodology consisting of three stages: detailed description of the process, developing a study plan and analysis of the results. The experiment was conducted and influence of three factors: type of inspection, shift and type of defect, was taken into consideration and evaluated. Recommendations were made to improve the quality of such inspections that will lead to the improvement in the final quality of the product.

In the new study plan of the ETSAB a implementation experience has been done with the introduction of e-portfolio, in the Final Degree Work, as an educational resource that resource that boast the autonomous work and the interaction of the studies additionally it is a technique for collection and selection of the most significant works made by the student throughout the degree. It is intended that, above all, through the graphical representation, be able to explain their competence in the various subjects, as well as increase their autonomy, inviting him to reflect on the learning process of the architecture and stimulating their critical capacity.

Sobre la arqueología en el Perú, si bien es cierto es importante conocer y divulgar los trabajos de campo que los arqueólogos realizan de nuestro pasado prehispánico, también lo es conocer la vida y obra de esos arqueólogos y arqueólogas que han trabajado en nuestro país, pero no solo de los ya conocidos, sino también de aquellos que hemos olvidado o no conocíamos. Bajo esa premisa, el objetivo del presente ensayo es conocer un poco sobre la vida académica de la Dra. Rebeca Carrión Cachot (1901-1960), notable sanmarquina que tuvo que vivir y enfrentar una época en la que las mujeres todavía luchaban por la emancipación de su género. Para esto, nos basaremos en la poca documentación que pudimos hallar en los archivos para mostrar, entre otras cosas, que la doctora Carrión es la primera mujer en asumir una cátedra en la universidad y la primera arqueóloga del Perú., On the archaeology in Peru, though it is true it is important to know and to spread the fieldworks that the archeologists realize of our pre-Hispanic past, also it it is know the life and work of these archeologists and arqueólogas that have been employed at our country, but not only of the already known ones, but also of those that we have forgotten or we did not know. Under this premise, the aim of the present test is to know a bit on the academic life of the Dra. Rebeca Carrión Cachot (1901-1960), notable sanmarquina that had to live and face an epoch in which the women still were fighting for the emancipation of his kind. For this, we will base in small documentation that we could find in the files to show, among other things, that the doctor Carrión is the first woman in assuming a chair in the university and the first arqueóloga of Peru.

The solid waste crisis in the fast urbanizing Benin metropolis is the result of inability of the local government authorities to effectively handle the huge amount of waste generated daily. A large percentage of the solid waste in the metropolis ends up on illegal waste dumpsites. The aim of this paper was to investigate the waste-to-energy potentials of domestic solid wastes in Benin metropolis, Nigeria using a three-phase study plan - study of current waste management activities, characterization of domestic solid waste and determination of the waste-to-energy potentials of domestic solid waste. The results obtained reveal that about 13.18% of combustible solid waste is generated in Benin metropolis with average calorific value (CV) of 20,198.89 kJ/kg producing an energy value of 36.95 MW/day. Key Words : Characterisation, Waste-to-Energy Potentials, Domestic Solid Waste, Benin Metropolis

The paper deals with a follow-up research on intelligent tutoring systems that were studied in authors’ previous papers from the point of view of describing their advantages. In this paper, the authors make use of the fuzzy logic expert system, which assesses student’s knowledge, and integrate it into the intelligent tutoring system called Barborka. The goal is to create an even more personal student’s study plan, which is tailored both to student’s sensory/learning preferences and the level of knowledge of the given subject.

This paper focuses on the study field of Multimedia in Economic Practise which has been taught at the University of Economics in Prague since 2011. This study field has its first graduates which is the reason for a re-examination of the profile of graduates according to the structure of subjects in the study plan. This paper describes evolution of the study field, its content, main idea and structure of its students. It presents two main groups of occupations for graduates with dependence on requirements for student’s additional independent activities beyond the study. The analytical part shows five examples of comparison of the course relevance according to the opinion of students and academic staff. The conclusions from the survey will enable academic staff of the study field to the reconsider the future development of the study field.