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Motivation for this study was prompted by the discovery of bilateral shared tendinous insertion of the gluteus medius (GM) and piriformis (PM) muscles into the anterior trochanteric crest during routine dissection of the gluteal region of a 58-year -old male cadaver. We therefore asked, what is the frequency of GM and PM shared insertions into the greater trochanter, and how could this impact physical therapy interventions for piriformis syndrome? In 23 specimens from either side of 16 embalmed human cadavers, we dissected and characterized the detail of GM and PM insertions. We discovered that just over 50% of the specimens dissected exhibited shared tendinous insertions between the two muscles, and in one specimen, we observed additional fusion of fibers of the superior gemellus (SG) and obturator internus (OI) muscles into the PM. The distal attachments of the GM and PM are more complex than traditionally understood and should be considered when prescribing rehabilitation exercises to treat piriformis syndrome.

Following the suggestion of Zuckerman et al. (2001, ApJ, 562, L87), we consider the evidence that 51 Eri (spectral type F0) and GJ 3305 (M0), historically classified as unrelated main sequence stars in the solar neighborhood, are instead a wide physical binary system and members of the young beta Pic moving group (BPMG). The BPMG is the nearest (d < 50 pc) of several groups of young stars with ages around 10 Myr that are kinematically convergent with the Oph-Sco-Cen Association (OSCA), the nearest OB star association. Combining SAAO optical photometry, Hobby-Eberly Telescope high-resolution spectroscopy, Chandra X-ray data, and UCAC2 catalog kinematics, we confirm with high confidence that the system is indeed extremely young. GJ 3305 itself exhibits very strong magnetic activity but has rapidly depleted most of its lithium. The 51 Eri/GJ 3305 system is the westernmost known member of the OSCA, lying 110 pc from the main subgroups. The system is similar to the BPMG wide binary HD 172555/CD -64d1208 and the HD 104237 quintet, suggesting that dynamically fragile multiple systems can survive the turbulent environments of their natal giant molecular cloud complexes, while still being imparted high dispersion velocities. Nearby young systems such as these are excellent targets for evolved circumstellar disk and planetary studies, having stellar ages comparable to that of the late phases of planet formation., 27 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal. For a version with high resolution figures, see http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/edf/51Eri.pdf

OBJECTIVE: The primary goal of this study was to determine the ultrasonographic signs of asynclitic and transverse head positioning. In addition, we compared the performance of intrapartum ultrasound to vaginal digital examination. MATERIAL & METHODS: 150 women were evaluated by 2D transabdominal and translabial ultrasound (US) to detect the asynclitic and deep transverse positions. Transvaginal sterile digital examinations were performed immediately after each intrapartum US assessments, the examinations were repeated at intervals of 45-90 minutes. Examiners were blinded to each other's findings (clinical or sonographic). Data were reviewed and analyzed by an independent reviewer. RESULTS: The efficacy of digital examination was significantly lower than US evaluation for the detection of either transverse position or asynclitism. The most frequent transverse position was the left one, while the most frequent asynclitism was the anterior one. CONCLUSIONS: Digital pelvic examination for detection of fetal head transverse position during labor is inferior to US, especially in the deep transverse positioning, where caput succedaneum occurs and reduces the diagnostic accuracy of vaginal digital examination. The US examination leads to early detection of persistent transverse position allowing for earlier timing and optimal technique for the operative vaginal delivery. We describe two signs for diagnosing asynclitism. The "squint sign" and the "sunset of thalamus and cerebellum signs" are two simple US signs allowing detection of anterior and posterior asynclitism.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of bladder flap formation (BFF) during caesarean section (CS) on the uterine scar, assessed during repeat CS. Studydesign: OnehundredandfifteenwomenundergoingtheirfirstCSweredividedintotwogroups:58 women had a CS with BFF (Group 1) and 57 women had a CS without BFF (Group 2). During the repeat CS, four specimens from the uterine scar from the first CS were collected from each woman, and evaluated by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: Adhesionswerefoundin28(48.3)womeninGroup1and14(24.1%)womeninGroup2(p