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203. Feedback forum

Author

Grischke, Jon, Hill, Alice, Oh, Wesley C., Heilborn, John, Jennings, Mike, Grevstad, Eric, Seiler, Gil, Collins, Richard L., Olson, Bryan, Stafford, David, Chin, T., Proulx, Ken, and Fortenbaugh, Amy

Abstract

What's on your mind? Mail your (written) gripes, gratitude, or general questions to Feedback Forum, Computer Shopper, One Park Ave., 11th Floor, New York, NY 10016. Online Polls Each month, […]

Published
1993

204. Kicking the machine

Author

Stafford, David

Subjects
Algorithm, C# (Programming language), Algorithms, C# (Programming language)
Abstract

This month marks my 25th 'What's the Code?' column and the beginning of my third year with Computer Shopper. I have to confess that three years ago, I was genuinely […]

Published
1993

205. Cryptography: breaking the code

Author

Stafford, David

Subjects
Encryption, Data security issue, Data security, Code breaking, Data encryption, Cryptography
Abstract

Last issue, we looked at random number generators and examined some of their many interesting and unusual uses. We even put one to work estimating the value of pi! What […]

Published
1993

206. What good is a random number?

Author

Stafford, David

Subjects
Algorithm, Algorithms
Abstract

It may seem strange, but I was genuinely bewildered the first time I encountered the idea of a random number generator. I was just beginning to learn about programming, and […]

Published
1993

207. Oxygenated Analogues of 1-[2-(Diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]- and 1-[2-[Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazines (GBR 12935 and GBR 12909) as Potential Extended-Action Cocaine-Abuse Therapeutic Agents

Author

Lewis, David B., primary, Matecka, Dorota, additional, Zhang, Ying, additional, Hsin, Ling-Wei, additional, Dersch, Christina M., additional, Stafford, David, additional, Glowa, John R., additional, Rothman, Richard B., additional, and Rice, Kenner C., additional

Published
1999
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208. What's the code? Build your own starfield simulation

Author

Stafford, David

Subjects
Mathematical optimization, Puzzles, Integer programming
Abstract

Build Your Own Starfield Simulation 'To a child with a hammer, everything looks like a nail.' It's an old saying, but it reveals something important about the way we approach […]

Published
1993

209. The programmer's work ethic: laziness as virtue

Author

Stafford, David

Abstract

Some of the best programmers I have ever met are fundamentally lazy at heart. I know it sounds strange, but I would dare to say this is one of the […]

Published
1993

210. All about algorithms

Author

Stafford, David

Subjects
Algorithm, Algorithms
Abstract

It's good to be back. I have just returned after living and working in Japan for more than two year. It was an exciting and wonderful experience from which I […]

Published
1993

212. What's the code? A few pointers on pointers

Author

Stafford, David

Subjects
Code generator, Compiler/decompiler, C# (Programming language), Program generators, Data structures, Coroutines, Compilers, Code generators, Compiling (Electronic computers), C# (Programming language)
Abstract

Pointers give beginning programmers a lot of trouble. A scant few learn to use them quickly--probably the same ones who relish recursion--but most struggle before becoming comfortable with the concept […]

Published
1992

213. What's the code? Data encryption

Author

Stafford, David

Subjects
Encryption, Software quality, Software, Code breaking, Data encryption, Cryptography
Abstract

For thousands of years, people have endeavored to create techniques ranging from simple to ingenious to conceal the true meaning behind a message. Caesar used a substitution cipher for his […]

Published
1992

214. World War Two: Behind Closed Doors: Stalin, the Nazis and the West

Author

Stafford, David

Subjects
World War Two: Behind Closed Doors: Stalin, the Nazis and the West (Book) -- Rees, Laurence, Books -- Book reviews, History
Abstract

World War Two: Behind Closed Doors Stalin, the Nazis and the West Laurence Rees BBC Books/Ebury Press 448pp 20 £ ISBN 978 0563493358 One of the most cynical acts of [...]

Published
2008

215. Book reviews

Author

Hamilton, Bernard, primary, Gray, Colin S., additional, Walton, Dale, additional, Rathmell, Andrew, additional, Best, Antony, additional, Foot, M.R.D., additional, McKay, C.G., additional, Stafford, David, additional, Pavey, Michael, additional, Lane, Ann, additional, Short, Anthony, additional, Rawnsley, Gary D., additional, Childs, David, additional, Mathers, Jennifer G., additional, and Lustgarten, Laurence, additional

Published
1998
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221. Pierre Lalande: Special Agent

Author

Stafford, David

Subjects
Pierre Lalande: Special Agent (Book) -- Book reviews, Books -- Book reviews, Literature/writing
Published
1997

222. Book reviews

Author

Filby, P. William, primary, Herwig, Holger H., additional, Barnhart, Michael, additional, Lambert, Andrew, additional, Hopkins, Michael F., additional, Brown, Robin, additional, Stafford, David, additional, Hoffman, Bruce, additional, Griffith, John, additional, Rosswurm, Steve, additional, MacPherson, B. Nelson, additional, and Thurlow, Richard C., additional

Published
1996
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223. Technology -- can it really cleanse my data?

Author

Stafford, David

Subjects
ELECTRONIC records management, ENTERPRISE content management, DATA extraction, RECORDS management
Abstract

The article discusses the use of technology to clean the data of businesses and organizations. Topics covered include access to more sophisticated matching tools like Microsoft Access, the varying degrees of usability and structure of unhappy files, and the extraction of usable data from poor-quality sources. Also mentioned are interpretation skills, speed skills, and content management systems like the electronic document and records management systems (EDRMS).

Published
2015

225. Reviews of Books

Author

Wink, André, primary, Vanderspoel, John, additional, Bhundage, James A., additional, Sinor, Denis, additional, Lynn, John A., additional, Hattendorf, John B., additional, Lave, Mary, additional, Appleby, John C., additional, Murison, Barbara C., additional, Brummett, Palmira, additional, Black, Jeremy, additional, Anderson, M. S., additional, Hudson, Pat, additional, Levy, Jack S., additional, Jacobsen, Nils, additional, Munro, Doug, additional, Rothenberg, Gunther E., additional, Don, Greg, additional, McLaren, Martha, additional, Raider, Mark A., additional, Lungu, Dov B., additional, Link, Arthur S., additional, Pollard, Sidney, additional, Neilson, Keith, additional, Saul, Norman E., additional, Morrell, Gordon W., additional, Mcintyre, W. David, additional, Mar, Sally, additional, Lesch, Ann M., additional, Cassels, Alan, additional, Kanya-Forstner, A. S., additional, Bidlack, Richard, additional, Stafford, David, additional, Smith, Simon C., additional, Davis, Sonny B., additional, Bartlett, C. J., additional, Morris, Benny, additional, Ovendale, Ritchie, additional, Cohen, Michael J., additional, Malcolmson, Robert, additional, Tarling, Nicholas, additional, Hanhimäki, Jussi M., additional, Zeeman, Bert, additional, Duiker, William J., additional, Burr, William, additional, Best, Antony, additional, Breuilly, John, additional, Cohn, Theodore H., additional, Hopf, Ted, additional, Doran, Charles F., additional, Kanet, Roger E., additional, and Dunne, Timothy, additional

Published
1994
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227. Book reviews

Author

Campbell, John, primary, Milner, Marc, additional, Sheinin, David, additional, Hannant, Larry, additional, Brown, Robin, additional, Baharcicek, Abdulkadir, additional, Aldrich, Richard J., additional, Basak, Cengiz, additional, Fry, Michael Graham, additional, Gold, Andrew, additional, Savage, Donald C., additional, Childs, David, additional, French, David, additional, Watt, Donald Cameron, additional, Carruthers, Susan L., additional, Nelson, Michael, additional, Clive, Nigel, additional, and Stafford, David, additional

Published
1994
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230. Reviews of Books

Author

Muhlberger, Steven, primary, Blomme, Leuven Jan, additional, Powell, James M., additional, Chaton, Michael, additional, Jackman, Donald C., additional, Dowd, Gregory Evans, additional, Middleton, Charles R., additional, Fry, Joseph A., additional, Tomlinson, B.R., additional, Linnekin, Jocelyn, additional, Thompson, Neville, additional, Saab, Ann Pottinger, additional, Eichengreen, Barry, additional, Schroeter, Daniel J., additional, Betts, Raymond F., additional, Harries-Jenkins, G., additional, Bailey, John W., additional, Greenberger, Allen J., additional, Boyce, D. George, additional, Davison, Roderic H., additional, Kennedy, Dane, additional, Brooke, Stephen, additional, Danbom, David B., additional, De Groot, Gerard J., additional, Unterberger, Betty Miller, additional, Young, Robert J., additional, Fink, Carole, additional, Hall, Hines H., additional, Weinberg, Gerhard L., additional, Jones, Priscilla Dale, additional, Milward, Alan S., additional, Dockrill, M.L., additional, Stafford, David, additional, Petersson, Bo, additional, Bercovitch, Jacob, additional, Leffleh, Melvyn P., additional, Zahniser, Marvin R., additional, Frank, Willard C., additional, Shaw, Timothy M., additional, Macdonald, Callum, additional, Chandler, Andrew, additional, Muirhead, B.W., additional, Duiker, William J., additional, Fry, Michael Graham, additional, Newbury, Colin, additional, Page, Robert, additional, Mackenzie, John M., additional, Smith, E. Timothy, additional, Barry, Donald, additional, Millar, T.B., additional, Spruyi, Hendrik, additional, Vadney, T.E., additional, Levy, Jack S., additional, Marks, Sally, additional, and Simpson, John, additional

Published
1993
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231. Reviews of Books

Author

Millar, Fergus, primary, Lightfoot, C.S., additional, Blake, N.F., additional, Wolf, Kenneth Baxter, additional, Keen, M.H., additional, Wink, André, additional, Maltby, William S., additional, Parker, Geoffrey, additional, Sonnino, Paul, additional, Kessell, John L., additional, Liebel-Weckowicz, H., additional, Mohan, Daniel, additional, Mueller, Christine L., additional, Thompson, Neville, additional, Stuart, Reginald C., additional, Young, Chester Raymond, additional, Schoonover, Thomas, additional, Laracy, Hugh, additional, Bew, Paul, additional, Ravindranathan, T.R., additional, Boutilier, James A., additional, Flint, John, additional, Jackman, S.W., additional, Morton, Desmond, additional, Miller, Stuart Creighton, additional, Waterbury, John, additional, Godley, Michael R., additional, Gollin, Alfred, additional, Marks, Sally, additional, Williamson, Samuel R., additional, Trumpener, Ulrich, additional, Keiger, J.F.V., additional, McFadden, David W., additional, Cassels, Alan, additional, Rintala, Marvin, additional, Hadley, Michael L., additional, Muller, Richard R., additional, MacKenzie, David, additional, Stafford, David, additional, Mackenzie, Hector, additional, Short, Anthony, additional, Fry, Michael, additional, Malcolmson, Robert, additional, Jones, Priscilla Dale, additional, Peretz, Don, additional, Kunz, Diane B., additional, Goldsworthy, David, additional, MacDonald, Barbie, additional, Newton, Ronald C., additional, Goodman, Allan E., additional, Gabriel, Richard A., additional, Lebow, Richard Ned, additional, Jervis, Robert, additional, Lawson, Fred H., additional, Carver, Michael, additional, Wark, Wesley K., additional, and Siverson, Randolph M., additional

Published
1992
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233. The Volvo in a BMW continent

Author

Stafford, David

Subjects
European Economic Community -- International relations, Sweden -- International relations, Education, European Union -- International relations
Abstract

Sweden is considering its future, following its application to become part of the European Community (EC) two years ago. The Swedes are thinking about their role in the world and in Europe. Not all Swedes want to become part of the EC. The Swedish preoccupation with the future is causing them to look back in history to find a way of going forward. Sweden's conservative coalition has cut back on social programmes, so Swedes are now having to pay for some benefits themselves.

Published
1993

234. Book Reviews

Author

Lambert, W.G., primary, Starr, Chester G., additional, Mcneill, William H., additional, McLeod, Hugh, additional, Bowman, Marilyn, additional, Cowdrey, H.E.J., additional, Wink, André, additional, Dawson, Jane, additional, Cox, Edward L., additional, Archer, Christon I., additional, Forster, Marc, additional, Graebner, Norman A., additional, Lynn, John A., additional, Anderson, Barbara C., additional, Cohen, William B., additional, Teffeteller, Gordon L., additional, Frucht, Richard, additional, Ramm, Agatha, additional, Palmer, Bryan D., additional, Rothenberg, Gunther E., additional, Lee, Yur-Bok, additional, Clausen, Edwin, additional, Schoonover, Thomas, additional, Hester, Al, additional, Scanlan, J.T., additional, Keiger, J.F.V., additional, Cohen, Michael J., additional, Gollin, Alfred, additional, Young, Robert J., additional, Ostrower, Gary B., additional, Drummond, Ian, additional, Mackenzie, David, additional, Newton, Ronald C., additional, Cienciala, Anna M., additional, Fair, John D., additional, Candow, James E., additional, Stafford, David, additional, Erickson, John, additional, Marks, Sally, additional, Milward, Alan S., additional, Ovendale, Ritchie, additional, Brown, L. Carl, additional, Wilson, Mary G., additional, Ferrell, Robert H., additional, Bishku, Michael B., additional, Rubenberg, Cheryl A., additional, Piotrow, Phyllis T., additional, Peretz, Don, additional, Jalal, Ayesha, additional, Carver, Michael, additional, Gann, L.H., additional, Lebow, Richard Ned, additional, Carrillo, Elisa A., additional, and Petersson, Bo, additional

Published
1991
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235. Book reviews

Author

Cecil, Robert, primary, Bennett, Ralph, additional, Chavez, Hector I., additional, Lucas, W. Scott, additional, Naftali, Timothy, additional, O'Toole, G. J. A., additional, Kealey, Gregory S., additional, Stafford, David, additional, Hunt, David, additional, Short, Anthony, additional, Popplewell, Richard, additional, and Campbell, John, additional

Published
1991
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236. The phoney peace. (Letters)

Author

Stafford, David

Subjects
General interest, News, opinion and commentary, Political science
Abstract

From Dr David Stafford Sir: Peter Padfield's assertion (Letters, 19 January) that in 1941 Hitler was prepared to withdraw from `the whole of western Europe', that this formed part of [...]

Published
2002

237. Arrogance: harmful to our business. (parting shot)

Author

Stafford, David J.

Subjects
Stafford-Smith Inc. -- Officials and employees, Food services -- Management, Food processing machinery industry -- Management, Business, Food and beverage industries, Metals, metalworking and machinery industries
Abstract

The past year has brought about changes in our lives that we never dreamed would happen -- especially those that occurred on Sept. 11. However, my dealership also experienced many [...]

Published
2002

238. Foxg1 Is Required for Development of the Vertebrate Olfactory System.

Author

Duggan, Cynthia D., DeMaria, Shannon, Baudhuin, Ariane, Stafford, David, and Ngai, John

Subjects
OLFACTORY cortex, HELIX-loop-helix motifs, TRANSCRIPTION factors, ANTISENSE RNA, NEURONS, NERVOUS system, NEUROSCIENCES
Abstract

Illuminating the molecular identity and regulation of early progenitor cells in the olfactory sensory epithelium represents an important challenge in the field of neural development. We show in both mouse and zebrafish that the winged helix transcription factor Foxg1 is expressed in an early progenitor population of the olfactory placode. In the mouse, Foxg1 is first expressed throughout the olfactory placode but later becomes restricted to the ventrolateral olfactory epithelium. The essential role of Foxg1 in olfactory development is demonstrated by the strikingly severe phenotype of Foxg1 knock-out mice: older embryos have no recognizable olfactory structures, including epithelium, bulb, or vomeronasal organs. Initially, a small number of olfactory progenitors are specified but show defects in both proliferation and differentiation. Similarly, antisense RNA knock down of Foxg1 expression in the zebrafish shows a reduction in the number of neurons and mitotic cells in olfactory rosettes, mirroring the phenotype seen in the mouse Foxg1 null mutant. Using mosaic analysis in the zebrafish, we show that Foxg1 is required cell-autonomously for the production of mature olfactory receptor neurons. Therefore, we identified an evolutionarily conserved requirement for Foxg1 in the development of the vertebrate olfactory system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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239. Book Reviews

Author

Thomson, Francis J., primary, Rieber, Alfred J., additional, Viola, Lynne, additional, Gibson, James R., additional, Pereira, N.G.O., additional, Urbaniuk, George, additional, Lévesque, Jacques, additional, Jaworsky, John, additional, Hannigan, John, additional, Sahni, Rohini, additional, Ginaite, Sara, additional, Haigh, Elizabeth, additional, Papmehl, K.A., additional, Schefski, Harold, additional, Clayton, J. Douglas, additional, Bedford, C. Harold, additional, Lock, Charles, additional, Laychuk, Julian L., additional, Bisztray, George, additional, Hoffmann, Richard C., additional, Cairns, John C., additional, Stafford, David, additional, Himka, John-Paul, additional, Sik, Endre, additional, Allen-Creighton, Mary, additional, and Kess, Joseph F., additional

Published
1990
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241. Reviews Book

Author

Bradley, Keith R., primary, Russell-Wood, A.J.R., additional, Reeve, L.J., additional, Scott, H.M., additional, Ranum, Orest, additional, Gouoh, Barry M., additional, Deconde, Alexander, additional, Blanning, T.C.W., additional, Mcnab, David T., additional, Martin, Calvin, additional, Kitchen, Martin, additional, Echard, William E., additional, Bond, Brian, additional, Mansergh, Nicholas, additional, Chute, Janet, additional, Peters, Rudolph, additional, Carley, Michael Jabara, additional, Cohen, Michael J., additional, Carver, Michael, additional, Stevenson, David, additional, Gooch, John, additional, Goldstein, Erik, additional, Herwig, Holder H., additional, Galbratth, John S., additional, Stafford, David A.T., additional, Auty, Phyllis, additional, Petersson, Bo, additional, Malcolmson, Robert, additional, Zeeman, Bert, additional, Lafeber, Walter, additional, Gallicchio, Marc, additional, Dobbs, Charles M., additional, Ferrell, Robert H., additional, Kaplan, Lawrence S., additional, Alley, Roderic, additional, Jones, Christopher, additional, and Reynolds, Charles, additional

Published
1990
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242. Book reviews

Author

Kerr, Sheila, primary, Watt, D. Cameron, additional, Wirtz, James J., additional, Stengers, Jean, additional, Aldrich, Richard, additional, Naftali, Timothy J., additional, Foot, M.R.D., additional, Baldwin, Barry, additional, Wark, Wesley K., additional, Stafford, David, additional, Jackson, William H., additional, Bartlett, C.J., additional, and Allen, Louis, additional

Published
1990
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243. Effects of repeated inhalation of toluene on ionotropic GABAA and glutamate receptor subunit levels in rat brain

Author

Williams, Jason M., Stafford, David, and Steketee, Jeffery D.

Subjects
*GABA, *FATTY acids, *PREFRONTAL cortex, *AMINO acids
Abstract

Abstract: Toluene is a commonly abused solvent found in many industrial and commercial products. The neurobiological effects of toluene remain unclear, but many of them, like those of ethanol, may be mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate receptors. Chronic ethanol administration has been shown to alter levels of specific subunits for GABA type A (GABAA), N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors. However, little is known about the effects of toluene on subunit levels of these receptors. To examine this, rats were exposed to toluene vapors (8000ppm) or air for 10 days (30min/day), and afterwards GABAA α1, NR1 and NR2B (NMDA) and GluR1 and GluR2/3 (AMPA) receptor subunit levels were determined in discrete brain regions of these animals by Western blotting. Toluene increased GABAA α1, NR1, NR2B and GluR2/3 subunits in the medial prefrontal cortex and decreased GABAA α1 and NR1 subunits in the substantia nigra compacta. Toluene inhalation produced modest increases in GABAA α1 subunits in the striatum, as well as slight decreases in this subunit in the ventral tegmental area. NR2B subunit levels were also slightly increased within the nucleus accumbens by toluene. These studies show that toluene differentially alters the levels of specific GABAergic and glutamatergic receptor subunits in a regionally selective manner. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2005
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244. Book Reviews

Author

Anson, Edward, primary, Clark, Patricia A., additional, Wallis, Faith, additional, Allsen, Thomas T., additional, Altman, Ida, additional, Bone, Brian, additional, Parrott, David, additional, Black, Jeremy, additional, Moran, Daniel, additional, Roy, Patricia E., additional, Latham, A.J.H., additional, Reid, Brian Holden, additional, Flint, John, additional, Bermingham, Jack, additional, Dobbs, Charles M., additional, Marchak, M. Patricia, additional, Gilderhus, Mark T., additional, Rodney, William, additional, Clifford, J. Garry, additional, Crozier, Andrew J., additional, Goldstein, Erik, additional, Ion, Hamish, additional, Bosworth, Richard, additional, Lungu, Dov B., additional, Dallin, Alexander, additional, Carroll, F.M., additional, Granatstein, J.L., additional, Stafford, David, additional, Ferrell, Robert H., additional, Conway, John S., additional, Brown, L. Carl, additional, Francis, Michael J., additional, Coogan, John W., additional, Gallicchio, Marc, additional, Owram, Doug, additional, Small, Melvin, additional, and Harbutt, Fraser, additional

Published
1990
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248. Generation of a DAT-P2A-Flpo mouse line for intersectional genetic targeting of dopamine neuron subpopulations.

Author

Kramer, Daniel J., Aisenberg, Erin E., Kosillo, Polina, Friedmann, Drew, Stafford, David A., Lee, Angus Yiu-Fai, Luo, Liqun, Hockemeyer, Dirk, Ngai, John, and Bateup, Helen S.

Abstract

Dopaminergic projections exert widespread influence over multiple brain regions and modulate various behaviors including movement, reward learning, and motivation. It is increasingly appreciated that dopamine neurons are heterogeneous in their gene expression, circuitry, physiology, and function. Current approaches to target dopamine neurons are largely based on single gene drivers, which either label all dopamine neurons or mark a subset but concurrently label non-dopaminergic neurons. Here, we establish a mouse line with Flpo recombinase expressed from the endogenous Slc6a3 (dopamine active transporter [DAT]) locus. DAT-P2A-Flpo mice can be used together with Cre-expressing mouse lines to efficiently and selectively label dopaminergic subpopulations using Cre/Flp-dependent intersectional strategies. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by generating DAT-P2A-Flpo;NEX-Cre mice that specifically label Neurod6 -expressing dopamine neurons, which project to the nucleus accumbens medial shell. DAT-P2A-Flpo mice add to a growing toolbox of genetic resources that will help parse the diverse functions mediated by dopaminergic circuits. [Display omitted] • DAT-P2A-Flpo mice allow genetic access to dopamine (DA) neurons • DAT+/Neurod6+ cells labeled with Flp/Cre reporters project to the NAc medial shell • Whole-brain imaging of DAT+/Neurod6+ cells reveals selective projection patterns • Optogenetic activation of DAT+/Neurod6+ cells evokes DA release in the medial shell Kramer et al. generate a DAT-P2A-Flpo mouse line that enables intersectional genetic targeting of dopamine neuron subpopulations using Flp/Cre-dependent constructs. They show that ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons expressing Neurod6 give rise to the majority of dopaminergic projections to the nucleus accumbens medial shell and olfactory tubercle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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249. Progressive-ratio schedules of drug delivery in the analysis of drug self-administration: a review.

Author

Stafford, David, LeSage, Mark G., and Glowa, J. R.

Subjects
*REINFORCEMENT (Psychology), *COCAINE, *NARCOTICS, *DRUG dosage
Abstract

Abstract Drugs, like other reinforcers, can vary in their relative abilities to support operant responding. Considerable research has been designed to obtain useful measures of a given drug's or dose's "reinforcing efficacy" and to identify the ways in which a variety of behavioral and pharmacological variables impact these measures. Progressive-ratio schedules of drug delivery generate an index of a drug's or dose's reinforcing efficacy (the breaking point) and are being used increasingly as tools in the analysis of drug self-administration. Progressive-ratio schedules of drug delivery have been used to characterize the effects of pretreatment drugs, lesions, drug deprivation, physical dependence, and repeated non-contingent drug exposure on breaking points. Behavioral factors, including food restriction and electric shock, and organismic factors, including gender and strain, have also been investigated using progressive-ratio schedules of drug delivery. To the extent that breaking points provide an index of reinforcing efficacy, these studies demonstrate that a wide range of variables can influence the reinforcing efficacy of self-administered drugs. The objectives of this review are to critique existing research themes, outline potential limitations of progressive-ratio procedures, and to suggest potentially fruitful uses of these procedures in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1998
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250. What's the code? Random numbers and the Break the Code challenge

Author

Stafford, David

Subjects
Problem solving, Puzzles
Abstract

My friend Roger--someone I would call a 'serious' mathematician--proposed this puzzle: Fast Eddie offers to play a game of chance with you using his favorite 'fair' coin. Is there any […]

Published
1993

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