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Magnetic nanoparticles coated with a biocompatible polymer are potential candidates for biomedical applications associated with the detection and treatment of cancer. By varying the length of a reaction tube, the nanoparticle size increases from 10 to 30 nm with a 1-3 nm carboxyl terminated polyethylene glycol (cPEG) coating. The saturation magnetization for all samples is greater than 100 emu/g. By increasing the length of the reaction tube there is an incorporation of an amorphous phase. Subjecting samples to a 4 Oe magnetic field oscillating at 500 kHz there are two characteristic temperatures depending on particle size. The temperature measured for larger particles saturates with time to 35 [degrees]C. Below a critical nanoparticle size the temperature reached exceeds 50 [degrees]C within the same timeframe. Index Terms--Biomedical applications, induction heating, magnetic nanoparticles, polyethylene glycol.

Byline: Ramesh. Goyal, Satish. Bhise, B. Srinivasan, C. Rao, Tuhinadri. Sen, Raju. Koneri The curriculum of pharmacy institutions in India is regulated by the All India Council for Technical Education [...]

To investigate the pharyngeal airway volume in different anteroposterior skeletal malocclusions. This study was prepared according to the Cochrane criteria for creating a systematic review and meta-analysis and confirms the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. This search was conducted to answer the patient/population, intervention, comparison and outcomes (PICO) question: To evaluate (outcome) and compare (comparison) whether there is a difference in airway volume in patients (participants) with different skeletal malocclusions diagnosed using 3D data (intervention).The first two authors extracted the data from the included studies and assessed the risk of bias in the individual studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analysis was done using STATA version 16, which compared various three-dimensional pharyngeal airway parameters in skeletal Class II and skeletal Class III malocclusions with that of skeletal class I malocclusion. Out of 370 articles from the initial search, 17 articles were included in the systematic review. Out of 17 studies, 12 eligible studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. The nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and total airway volume were increased in skeletal Class I malocclusion compared to that of skeletal Class II malocclusion and decreased in comparison to skeletal Class III malocclusion. The moderate quality of evidence indicates the total airway volume, oropharynx, and hypopharynx are largest in skeletal Class III compared to Class I and Class II skeletal malocclusion.

Highly infectious viral diseases are a serious threat to mankind as they can spread rapidly among the community, possibly even leading to the loss of many lives. Early diagnosis of a viral disease not only increases the chance of quick recovery, but also helps prevent the spread of infections. There is thus an urgent need for accurate, ultrasensitive, rapid, and affordable diagnostic techniques to test large volumes of the population to track and thereby control the spread of viral diseases, as evidenced during the COVID-19 and other viral pandemics. This review paper critically and comprehensively reviews various emerging nanophotonic biosensor mechanisms and biosensor technologies for virus detection, with a particular focus on detection of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus. The photonic biosensing mechanisms and technologies that we have focused on include: (a) plasmonic field enhancement via localized surface plasmon resonances, (b) surface enhanced Raman scattering, (c) nano-Fourier transform infrared (nano-FTIR) near-field spectroscopy, (d) fiber Bragg gratings, and (e) microresonators (whispering gallery modes), with a particular emphasis on the emerging impact of nanomaterials and two-dimensional materials in these photonic sensing technologies. This review also discusses several quantitative issues related to optical sensing with these biosensing and transduction techniques, notably quantitative factors that affect the limit of detection (LoD), sensitivity, specificity, and response times of the above optical biosensing diagnostic technologies for virus detection. We also review and analyze future prospects of cost-effective, lab-on-a-chip virus sensing solutions that promise ultrahigh sensitivities, rapid detection speeds, and mass manufacturability.

Objective To investigate if in-clinic measures of physical function and real-world measures of physical behavior and mobility effort are associated with one another and to determine if they predict future hospitalization in participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods In this secondary analysis, novel real-world measures of physical behavior and mobility effort, including the best 6-minute step count (B6SC), were derived from passively collected data from a thigh worn actigraphy sensor and compared to traditional in-clinic measures of physical function (e.g. 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Hospitalization status during 2 years of follow-up was determined from electronic health records. Correlation analyses were used to compare measures and Cox Regression analysis was used to compare measures with hospitalization. Results One hundred and six participants were studied (69 ± 13 years, 43% women). Mean ± SD baseline measures for 6MWT was 386 ± 66 m and B6SC was 524 ± 125 steps. Forty-four hospitalization events over 224 years of total follow-up occurred. Good separation was achieved for tertiles of 6MWT, B6SC and steps/day for hospitalization events. This pattern persisted in models adjusted for demographics (6MWT: HR = 0.63 95% CI 0.43–0.93, B6SC: HR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.56–1.02 and steps/day: HR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.50–1.13) and further adjusted for morbidities (6MWT: HR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.35–0.84, B6SC: HR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.49–1.00 and steps/day: HR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.43–1.09). Conclusion Digital health technologies can be deployed remotely, passively, and continuously to collect real-world measures of physical behavior and mobility effort that differentiate risk of hospitalization in patients with CKD.

Byline: Kirana. Halagappa, H. Girish, B. Srinivasan Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. on elevated inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor [...]

Byline: H. Kirana, B. Srinivasan Objective: To study the effect of Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn. on non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus induced rats. Materials and Methods: Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus [...]

Natural products are a great wellspring of biodiversity for finding novel antivirals, exposing new interactions between structure and operation and creating successful defensive or remedial methodologies against viral diseases. The members of Zingiberaceae traditional plant and herbal products have robust anti-viral action, and their findings will further lead to the production of derivatives and therapeutic. Additionally, it highlights the insight of utilizing these phytoextracts or their constituent compounds as an emergency prophylactic medicine during the pandemic or endemic situations for novel viruses. In this connection, this review investigates the potential candidates of the Zingiberaceae family, consisting of bioactive phytocompounds with proven antiviral efficacy against enveloped viruses. The present study was based on published antiviral efficacy of Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Kaempferia parviflora, Aframomum melegueta Elettaria cardamomum, Alpina Sps (belongs to the Zingiberaceae family) towards the enveloped viruses. The relevant data was searched in Scopus”, “Scifinder”, “Springer”, “Pubmed”, “Google scholar” “Wiley”, “Web of Science”, “Cochrane “Library”, “Embase”, Dissertations, theses, books, and technical reports. Meticulously articles were screened with the subject relevancy and categorized for their ethnopharmacological significance with in-depth analysis. We have comprehensively elucidated the antiviral potency of phytoextracts, major composition, key compounds, mode of action, molecular evidence, immunological relevance, and potential bioactive phytocompounds of these five species belonging to the Zingiberaceae family. Conveniently, these phytoextracts exhibited multimode activity in combating the dreadful enveloped viruses.

Byline: A. Sathya, B. Srinivasan, G. Parasuraman, L. Ravikumar, S. Mahadevan, U. Sriram, V. Gopichandran Background: Adrenal insufficiency is a common occurrence in the critically ill and it is essential [...]