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In order to realize the monitoring and maintenance of the internal environment of the pipeline，a cam-linkage mechanism is designed as a multi-legged pipeline robot，and the motion analysis and mechanism improvement of the single-leg mechanism are carried out，so as to improve the shortcomings of the initial connecting rod mechanism，such as low motion precision and large inertia force. The mechanism scheme is theoretically modeled，and then the motion analysis of the mechanism is carried out by using the method of the joint simulation of 3D modeling software SolidWorks and motion analysis software Adams. The mechanism is improved by changing relevant parameters of the mechanism. Through comparative analysis，it can be seen that the cam-linkage scheme has more advantages than the initial scheme. Change the size of the cam，the foot of the mechanism in the normal direction of the displacement of the greater，the foot will be lifted higher，and the same time can walk a longer distance. The results also show that the cam-linkage mechanism has less inertia force and impact，more stable operation，and easy to realize specific motion law.

El presente artículo muestra el proceso de concepción, diseño y fabricación de una máquina de corte de paneles de lasaña desarrollado para la empresa Pastas Comarrico S. A. S. (Barranquilla, Colombia). El proceso de desarrollo de la máquina siguió indicaciones y requisitos de la empresa, que, sin embargo, puede servir para otras empresas del mismo sector alimenticio. Las características del proceso para el diseño del equipo son bajo par de corte, proceso de corte en seco, bajas pérdidas por mal cortado de las láminas, mayor volumen de producción que el proceso actual y diseño simple con bajo costo de operación y mantenimiento. El nuevo enfoque de corte de láminas se basa en el corte automático, al someterla a un bajo par de doblado con un giro de 20 grados en el movimiento de salida de la lámina de masa, determinado de manera experimental con un prototipo preliminar.

Due to a scarcity of fossil fuel supplies and concerns about pollution, the use of ethanol in gasoline has become a priority in the automobile industry. This paper aims to investigate the effect of different ethanol-gasoline fuel blend ratios, namely E20 (% ethanol + % gasoline), E50 (% ethanol + % gasoline), and E75 (75% ethanol + 25% gasoline) on a 1.6 L turbocharged, 4-cylinder, 2017 Proton Preve Premium CFE CVT engine, where E0 (pure gasoline) is taken as reference fuel. In addition, different speed intervals, which include 1000 RPM, 2000 RPM, and 5000 RPM, are employed for each fuel blend. The production of four major emissions, NOx, CO, CO2, and HC, and performance parameters such as thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, and brake-specific fuel consumption, are evaluated using SolidWorks for CAD modelling. This then is transferred to ANSYS for emission and performance analysis. According to the findings, increasing ethanol concentration and engine speed increases volumetric efficiency and brake-specific fuel consumption by up to 12.89% and 6.59%, respectively. It was also discovered that ethanol and increasing engine speed had an 11.39% reduction in thermal efficiency. Furthermore, the addition of ethanol occurs, along with an increase in speed, exhaust gas emissions are reduced by up to 21.74% compared to pure gasoline.

The combustion of fuel in an engine is an exothermic reaction that releases a tremendous amount of heat. Some of this heat is escapes with the exhaust gases while the remaining is absorbed by the engine parts. Excessive heating of the engine cylinder can lead to the premature detonation of the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder, piston scuffing, damage of valves and guides, thermal stress buildup and gasket failure. Most engines utilize a liquid cooling system to transfer the heat from the engine to the surroundings. The radiator is a vital part of an automobile cooling system. Water and other coolants such as ethylene glycol are usually applied to dispel heat from the engine to the environment through the radiator. Nanofluids have a higher thermal conductivity than water and ethylene glycol, and for this reason, it has been receiving attention as a better alternative to the conventional coolants. In this study, the thermal performance of water and aluminum oxide nanofluids were investigated numerically. The radiator understudy was a crossflow radiator. Solidworks 2017 flow simulation software was used to carry out the numerical investigation. The same inlet temperature, flow rate and environmental conditions were used for both the water and nanofluid coolant operating in the radiator. Four different concentrations of the nanofluid were considered in this study, to determine the effect of concentration on the performance of the radiator. At a 1% concentration of Al2O3, the enhancement in the heat transfer rate and heat transfer coefficient (coolant side) are 0.86% and 6.98% respectively. While at 4% concentration, the enhancement in heat transfer rate and heat transfer coefficient is 12.03% and 14.31% compared to water. The results of this study prove that nanofluid is a better heat transfer fluid compared to water and serve as a better alternative for application in car radiators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of MW Metal Cutting is the property of Metal Working Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although it is simple to use artificial planting method in greenhouse, it is easy to cause fatigue and damage to growers after a long time of work. In order to improve the efficiency of transplanting seedlings in the greenhouse and reduce the labour amount of growers, this paper makes an innovative design based on the study of the traditional inserter, and makes a finite element analysis of the main stress parts. The results showed that, when the simple hoe was subjected to the maximum working force, the maximum stress generated was 84.53MPa, which was far lower than the yield limit of the material 530MPa, and the maximum displacement was 0.44mm, which was very small for the deformation of the whole part. The design of the simple hoe could meet the normal working needs of the handy seedling inserter. The handy seedling inserter designed in this paper has certain reference significance and value for reducing manpower and improving labour efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology advancement has contributed not only to the reduction of road related accidents but to the improvement of road safety, increasing pedestrian safety significantly. Pedestrian lower injury risk is mainly achieved through the effect of the vehicle's front-end profile, the use of specific shock absorbing materials and so on. The presented model in such a way could predict with sufficient accuracy the complex pedestrian's behaviour and movement according to the vehicle's frontend profile so as to improve safety measures. The complexity of the study is related to the fact that the two objects, the automobile and the pedestrian, are completely different and do not have the same characteristic features, e.g. there is significant difference in their masses, which is in the range of more than 10 times, especially in an auto-pedestrian accident. This paper presents a methodology for identifying a front-impact car accident and car-pedestrian lateral impact, modelling the relative motion of the victim's body with respect to the automobile, taking into account the possible alternation of the different phases of motion. The whole complex mechanism of motion is divided into separate phases and at the beginning of each one a task is solved when the pedestrian gets hit by a specific part of the car's body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina is the property of Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nasal tip mechanical stability is important for functional and cosmetic nasal airway surgery. Palpation of the nasal tip provides information on tip strength to the surgeon, though it is a purely subjective assessment. Providing a means to simulate nasal tip deformation with a validated model can offer a more objective approach in understanding the mechanics and nuances of the nasal tip support and eventual nasal mechanics as a whole. Herein we present validation of a finite element (FE) model of the nose using physical measurements recorded using an ABS plastic-silicone nasal phantom. Three-dimensional photogrammetry was used to capture the geometry of the phantom at rest and while under steady state load. The silicone used to make the phantom was mechanically tested and characterized using a linear elastic constitutive model. Surface point clouds of the silicone and FE model were compared for both the loaded and unloaded state. The average Hausdorff distance between actual measurements and FE simulations across the nose were 0.39 ± 1.04 mm and deviated up to 2 mm at the outermost boundaries of the model. FE simulation and measurements were in near complete agreement in the immediate vicinity of the nasal tip with millimeter accuracy. We have demonstrated validation of a two-component nasal FE model, which could be used to model more complex modes of deformation where direct measurement may be challenging. This is the first step in developing a nasal model to simulate nasal mechanics and ultimately the interaction between geometry and airflow.

The traditional energy sector in Palestine suffers from many problems, shortages, and high prices. As a result, alternative energy sources have become the ideal solution to save energy, reduce costs, and self-reliance, albeit in part, and one of the alternative energy sources is wind energy, despite the low wind speed in Palestine. However, it can be used to a large extent in many fields. Where electrical energy plays an important role in the life of the individual and society, and indeed in all aspects of life in the country. Without electric energy, the economy and industries cannot be developed, and therefore this prompts to search for alternative renewable energy sources than traditional energy sources. This study aims to solve the problem of electrical energy in Palestine, especially in the city of Hebron. This study was conducted in the city of Hebron because it contains suitable wind capabilities to build these turbines and to obtain the necessary energy through renewable energy sources available in Palestine due to the availability of the appropriate climate and weather. Two different types of turbines will be studied and the type most suitable for Palestine's weather and wind speed available, and which of these types will be the most efficient, will be studied. This research has been studied and implemented based on a SolidWorks program. Initially, a three-dimension design was made in SolidWorks for two types of wind turbines, namely: the horizontal axis wind turbine and the vertical axis wind turbine of the Savonius type. Simulations were performed on each of the above types with different wind speeds (0.5-4.5) m/s. After simulation, it was found that Savonius turbines have the greatest ability to generate power at low wind speeds commensurate with the wind speed in the city of Hebron.

The paper presents a way of estimation, by simulation, of friction forces that occur in the kinematical joints of mechanical systems. Friction forces between planar surfaces, in revolute joints, and in spherical joints are computed, and the results are compared with the values achieved from simulation. SolidWorks software is used for the simulation process.

In the oil and gas industry, manufacturing processes covered a variety of fields including pipe fittings production. Generally, this process involves a press machine utilized as a shape forming using punch-dies sets as mold profiles. The common problem found with the dies is the dimension of dies is not ergonomics to be handled manually by operators. Additionally, the support of dies tends to experience buckling upon receiving a pressure load of 15 MPa. Hence, alternative and practical designs are required, which have low deflection values and high fatigue resistance rates. Additionally, the designs are expected to be safe and economical. In this study, two alternative designs of punch-dies support are proposed. Subsequently, the FEA simulation was carried out for pipe fittings of 8 inches with ASME B16.9 standard size for WF Beam A36 Steel to compare the two proposed designs. The results show that alternative design 2 has a lower deflection value of 0.181 mm, a higher Factor of Safety of 3.21, and a higher cycle time of 358569 cycles than alternative design 1. Nevertheless, alternative design 2 has a higher production cost of 220 USD compared to alternative design 2. Therefore, this study shows that alternative design 2 has better performance while alternative design 1 is more economical.

This article explores several aspects of the three-dimensional concrete printing (3DCP) industry. More specifically, it begins with a literature review discussing the background of this technology. This literature review also explores several of the challenges that the industry is currently facing. In this way, a knowledge gap is identified. More specifically, there are few studies that have explored the structural and thermal performance of typical walls printed in this industry. Therefore, we used the simulation tool in SolidWorks to examine the structural behavior of several different wall types when pressure was applied to the exterior face. In addition to this, the thermal performance of different wall types was also studied in SolidWorks by applying a temperature difference between the exterior and interior faces of each wall. For example, one wall shape in this study had minimum factor of safety of approximately 100 due when a load was applied, and the same wall lost approximately 212 W due to the temperature difference applied in this study. Finally, SolidWorks was used to calculate the moment of inertia of the cross sections of several of these walls, which helped to provide a better understanding of each wall’s structural rigidity.

Most of the paddy field weeders developed belongs to inter-row types and the use of inter cum intra-row weeding in wetland paddy fields is obscure. This study aims to design and develop inter cum intra-row weeders so that weeds in both inter and intra-row zone can be eradicated in one go. From the design point of view, the power source (engine), cutting blades, rotor shaft, inter and intra-row weeding units, rectangular link, trapezoidal and lateral plates, and support frames were the important components for the functioning of the machine. The power requirement of the machine and finite element analysis (FEA) of the major components have been analyzed. The numerical values obtained from the available theoretical equations were plugged into the SolidWorks software to analyze the strength of each component. The magnitudes of every result showed superb agreement with the values obtained through analysis in the SolidWorks software. To eliminate weeds in the intra-row zone, a sinusoidal curve path was devised for the intra-row unit to move around the paddy plant. Thus, a 3-D (3-Dimensional) CAD model paddy field weeder suitable for inter cum intra-row weeding has been created and the path to be followed by the intra-row weeding unit has been traced using SolidWorks simulation. • Identification of the weeder components necessary for its functioning and its analysis. • Theoretical analysis of power requirements and strength analysis. • FEA (Finite Element Analysis) of each component in SolidWorks software. • Creation of CAD model as per the analysis. • Simulation and path tracing for intra-row weeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper elaborates on the modeling and control of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for delivery purposes, thereby integrating computer-aided design, multibody dynamic modeling, and motion control analysis in a unified framework. The UAV system designed in this study and utilized for item delivery has a quadcopter structure composed of four arms connected to a central trunk. In this investigation, the proposed design of the delivery drone is systematically modeled employing the multibody approach, while SIMSCAPE MULTIBODY is the software used for performing the dynamic analysis and for devising the final design of the control system. To this end, starting from the CAD model designed using SOLIDWORKS, the control system of the quadcopter is developed by performing dynamic simulations in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Additionally, another fundamental contribution of this paper is the analytical derivation of the nonlinear set of algebraic constraint equations peculiar to the present multibody system, which characterizes the kinematics of the delivery drone and describes the relative angular velocity imposed between two rigid bodies as nonholonomic constraints. Furthermore, as discussed in detail in this paper, the choice of the propulsion system and the design of the individual components heavily depends on the structural and functional needs of the UAV under study. On the other hand, the control system devised in this work is based on cascaded Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers, which are suitable for achieving different maneuvers that are fundamental for the motion control of the delivery drone. Therefore, the final performance of the UAV system is a consequence of the regulation of the feedback parameters that characterize the PID controllers. In this respect, the paper presents the refining of the parameters characterizing the PID controllers by using both an internal MATLAB tool, which automatically tunes the controller gains of single-input single-output systems, and by observing the resulting transient behavior of the UAV system, which is obtained through extensive dynamical simulations. The set of numerical results found in this investigation demonstrates the high performance of the dynamical behavior of the UAV system designed in this work.

Aiming at the problems of single function, inconvenient carrying, poor braking performance, low safety and poor shock absorption performance of traditional scooter, the folding rotating device and telescopic device are added from the functionality, applicability and safety of scooter. Users can adjust the braking distance according to their needs. The three-dimensional model of the portable scooter is designed by Solidworks, and the motion and stress of the front axle and rear axle of the scooter are analyzed by ADAMS View. It can be seen that the structure design of the new scooter is reasonable and suitable for users with different weights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Light Industry Machinery is the property of Light Industry Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Designing a robotic workplace is a time and knowledge intensive process. It requires systems engineers who specialise in the design of this type of workplace and have the appropriate know-how in this area. Due to the time-consuming nature and the small number of experts, a small number of solution options are often created, from which the most suitable one is subsequently developed. The aim of the development was to create a tool that would simplify the design of robotic workplaces. The result is a software tool integrated into the SolidWorks CAD system. The tool uses a database of models. The connection between the developed software tool and the database is realized through the API of the SolidWorks CAD system. Thanks to this tool, it is possible to simplify and speed up the work of workplace design. More variant solutions can be developed and overall better results can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article concerns the indirect thermographic temperature measurement of a die of the semiconductor diode D00-250-10. The article shows how the goal was achieved. The methodology of selecting the point at which thermographic measurements of the temperature of the diode cases were performed is discussed. The method of thermographic measurement of the case temperature and the measuring system used is described. The method of simulations making it possible to obtain the die's temperature on the basis of thermographic casing temperature measurement is presented. In order to enable a better understanding of the discussed issues, the construction of the diode used and the heat flow equation are described. As a result of the work carried out, the point at which the temperature is closest to the die temperature was indicated on the diode case. It is shown that the difference between the casing temperature and the die temperature does not exceed 2 °C at the point indicated. An indirect measurement of the die's temperature is carried out for different values of the power dissipated on the die. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this part of the paper, we will study the behavior of PUR polyurethane at different mechanical and thermal stresses, stresses for which this material behaves very well. It is known that this material behaves well as a protective material against shocks, so it is used as protection against mechanical elements. PUR behaves excellently at uneven static stresses and dynamic stresses. That is why it is used in the construction of the rollers of medium weight mobile devices or rollers that have cam functionality, strongly required for static and dynamic contact. PUR has very good thermal properties, it is used as a thermal insulator when it is in the form of high-density polyurethane foam (PUR / PIR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering analysis of motor vehicle collisions as a complex type of research combines the application of scientific approaches from different fields: mechanics, mathematics, structural design, etc. This implies accurate and unambiguous determination of input data and their application in computational procedures for finding solutions in iterative mode. Hence, the reason to apply the specific research method of information modelling in the present study to one of the main types of road accidents, namely the pedestrian-car collision.

Poros spindle mesin auto level buff merupakan poros transmisi yang meneruskan putaran ke buff wheel. Poros ini mengalami pembebanan kombinasi bengkok dan puntir, sehingga perlu analisis rancangan mengenai kekuatan poros tersebut agar tidak terjadi kegagalan pada saat digunakan. Analisis rancangan poros akan menggunakan perhitungan manual dengan mengacu pada teori kegagalan yang kemudian dibandingkan dengan hasil perhitungan berbasis simulasi CAE. Perangkat lunak CAE yang digunakan adalah Solidworks Simulation dan Ansys Workbench. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan manual dan simulasi terdapat selisih tegangan Von mises, defleksi, dan faktor keamanan. Hasil analisis rancangan menunjukkan bahwa poros menerima tegangan ekuivalen sekitar 19 MPa dan defleksi sekitar 0,088 mm. Faktor keamanan yang terjadi berada pada kisaran angka 14 yang mana melebihi dari faktor keamanan minimum sebesar 1,5. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa rancangan poros spindle pada mesin auto level buff aman untuk digunakan.

In the product planning procedure of a machine tool, mature designers consider various kinds of customers' requirements, while simultaneously conducting the necessary information processing, so as to finally determine the most suitable product specifications. In order to systematize this procedure, it is necessary and indispensable to clarify the decision-making process as well as knowledge of a mature designer in detail, and to analyses design information used in the product planning. In this study, a banana slicing machine development methodology, characteristics of design information related to the product specification have been analyzed using a simple survey analysis method. Actual design information used in this analysis is obtained from focused interviews and questionnaire investigations. Furthermore, the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method have been verified using the results of these investigations. Finite simulation also been carried out to analyze the structure and it was found the design is very robust which has a 4.4 safety factor. It was found the new machine design is able to contribute up to 12% cost reduction without any jeopardizing the performance of the banana chip production. The analysis also demonstrates the machine is able to produce 84 kg/hr which is significant increment compared to previous report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is dedicated to developing an analytical physics-based model of rolling element bearing, especially focused on ball bearing. The mathematical model is built on the dynamics of planner rigid bodies having body fixed frames that consider inner ring, eight balls and outer ring. The distinguishing feature of the model is the capability to accurately locate all contact points between inner ring-balls, and balls-outer ring during its entire operation. This is possible as we chose bond graph as the modelling tool that considers precise bearing geometry and magnificently connects each point of the multi-body system by calculating relative velocities at contact points of the corresponding contacting pairs. The model also shows the effect of load zone on bearing parts, where contact deformation is calculated using Hertz contact theory. The condition of contact is applied while considering the clearance as well. The effects of faults on bearing are investigated in the end. With the help of bond graph, a modular program has been developed, which efficiently considers the dynamics of all the bearing components simultaneously. The model is validated by conducting a virtual experiment in SOLIDWORKS and comparing results with a literature as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracting text from an image and reproducing them can often be a laborious task. We took it upon ourselves to solve the problem. Our work is aimed at designing a robot which can perceive an image shown to it and reproduce it on any given area as directed. It does so by first taking an input image and performing image processing operations on the image to improve its readability. Then the text in the image is recognized by the program. Points for each letter are taken, then inverse kinematics is done for each point with MATLAB/Simulink and the angles in which the servo motors should be moved are found out and stored in the Arduino. Using these angles, the control algorithm is generated in the Arduino and the letters are drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been established that of all types of aberrations following the implantation of intraocular lenses, the most significant is spherical, inherent in the spherical optics in various aspects. This paper proposes a method for reducing the longitudinal spherical aberration of intraocular lenses by applying an additional optical layer onto their surface. To reduce spherical aberration, the thickness of a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) was simulated in the programming environment Zemax 13 (USA). Calculations that were performed included refractive indices of the environment and the material of the optics. It was established that in order to reduce the value of the longitudinal spherical aberration of an intraocular lens made of hydrophobic acrylic, the thickness of aTeflon layer should be about 100 nm. The results of spraying indicate an improvement in the optical characteristics of the lens by reducing longitudinal spherical aberration. When examining different areas of lenses with spraying, it was established that there is no spherical aberration in the lens area. In the 4 mm zone, the spherical aberration indicator decreased by 4 times compared to the original lens. In the region with a diameter of 6 mm, spherical aberration decreased by 0.2. Applying a layer of Teflon reduced Fresnel reflection by 4 times, which improves the sensitivity and contrast of vision. The hydrophobic properties of Teflon provide the anti-adhesive state of the lens, which is a counteraction to the development of secondary cataracts. The SolidWorks 19 software (France) was used to design a model of the lens "NVision Optics" whose aberrations were eliminated as much as possible [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]