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What is needed is an exoteric university structure: one that closely aligns its organization and its practice to produce "Socially useful knowledge" and solutions to social problems. Such a university could combine elements of esoteric study with exoteric methods to achieve an integration of academic and "real" worlds. (Author)

In contrast to traditional concepts, a new model for social work practice in the black community is presented which proceeds from an expanded definition of the goals of the profession and in which neo-colonialism, survival, and liberation are the principal conceptual components. Implications for social work practice and education are also discussed. (EH)

Article concentrated on ideological aspects relating to poverty and antipoverty policy, the traditional American economic ideology of individualism, and the need of Americans to rationalize and legitimate poverty and inequality with a nominal doctrine of equal opportunity for all. (Author/RK)

A comparison of the workings of the homeowner deduction provisions in the federal income tax, an indirect housing subsidy program, with the more direct housing programs administered by HUD (Department of Housing and Urban Development) demonstrated that the latter generally bare badly by contrast. The homeowner indirect subsidies are an example of an "accidental" social program of considerable impact, complexity, and effectiveness, with Absolute Ignorance as its creator. It certainly bears study and examination by policy artisans, even if it doesn't warrant emulation. (EH)

A decisive shift toward alternative social welfare strategies - such as comprehensive national health insurance or universal income maintenance - can be accomplished only through a vast reprogramming of funds from within the social welfare sector of the budget itself. However, the major impediment to such a restructuring lies in the political and structural opposition of assorted powerful lobbies and congressmen's "pork barrel" interests that maintain present programs that are ineffective or often subsidize the "haves" under the guise of meeting the needs of the poor. (EH)

Coupling location theory with problem solving in introductory economic geography provides the opportunity to explore the economic alternatives open to society based on the welfare of society. (JH)

The renewal or remaking of society is imaged in the remaking and the restructuring of education, which, in turn, is epitomized by the remaking of the principalship. It has to be recognized that these are interdependent and that far-reaching changes may be needed. (Author)

This description of course objectives, content, students, and evaluation of an interdisciplinary social welfare course concludes that teaching social welfare in a comparative cross-national framework contributes to instilling an understanding of key social welfare concepts, programs, and issues. (JT)

Despite a national ideology that the formulation of a family policy would represent unacceptable government intervention, recognition is growing that no modern industrial society can avoid policies that affect the family. The real choice is between a deliberate, coherent family policy and one of inconsistency and mischance. (Author)

The belief that strong initiatives by the federal government are essential to achieving liberal social welfare programs is not supported by the record. What matters may not be which level of government administers the programs, but instead the dynamism engendered by changing relationships among state, local, and federal governments. (Author)

Suggests that social workers who fight for the interests of the people they claim as their clients, wage a struggle against the institutions of the capitalist state. (Author/AM)

Argues that increases in the gross national product and advances in medicine, education and technology do not automatically release abundance to trickle down to the have-nots, nor do they automatically open up greater opportunity for upward mobility: social welfare for black Americans is quite different from that for white Americans. (Author/JM)

Discusses dysfunctional aspects of traditional social welfare for black people, guiding assumptions, and a heuristic model essentially (1) proposing increased effective involvement of black people in policy making, administration, supervision, and staffing, and, (2) asserting that social action and socialization functions must be completely controlled by black people. (Author/JM)

Argues that virtually all welfare-policy change since 1961 has served not to perfect a mechanism that would simplify the system and minimize the costs of public charity but to recognize and relieve dependency; the lesson is that reform follows reality. (Author/JM)

Though United States ideology has apotheosized limited government, the free enterprise system, and economic individualism, the nation's actual economic history demonstrates significant governmental participation and intervention. This article discusses the role that the government has played in the development of the welfare state in the United States from the colonial period to the 20th Century. An extensive list of references is provided. (Author/RM)

Describes a successful research seminar offered for five years to second-year students in a master's program at the Jane Addams School of Social Work. Included are rationale, objectives, content, and teaching and learning experiences covering the function and design of information systems for accountability, planning, management, supervision, direct practice, and research. (JT)

Using data from personal interviews, participant observation in a rural poverty area, and intensive case studies, this study compared 1,325 women according to welfare, marital, and employment status. This appendix contains the tables of data used in the study. The other volumes are available as VT 014 885 and VT 014 887. (BH)

This report is a summary of a project utilizing subprofessionals in the field of social work. Conducted in the Jacksonville, Florida area in 1968, the project demonstrated that subprofessionals could successfully perform a wide variety of tasks formerly assigned to social workers. Although early resistance on the part of social workers was apparent, it soom disappeared and the subprofessionals became indispensable to the service delivery system. Evidenced as well was an improvement in the lives of the newly-employed individuals and their families. (Author/SN)

This demonstration project in New York City undertook to help potential dropouts remain in school through the introduction of a program which combined after-school work experience with group and individual counseling. Concomitantly, it sought to develop an effective intervention methodology for replication in other communities. The principal intervention strategy involved maximizing the role of an autonomous, community-based social agency with varied public agency contacts and diverse facilities and programs. Through the integration of several social work approaches, which combined specific methodologies of adjustment, advocacy, and accommodation, pupils were aided in adjusting to the educational environment while at the same time mediation with the school system was established. (Author/SN)

Data relating to population and family planning in three foreign countries are presented in these situation reports. Countries included are Ghana, India, and South Africa. Information is provided under two topics: general background and family planning situation, where appropriate and if it is available. General background covers ethnic groups, language, religion, economy, communication/education, medical/social welfare, and statistics on population, birth and death rates. Family planning situation considers family planning associations and personnel, government attitudes, legislation, family planning services, education/information, training opportunities for individuals, families, and medical personnel, research and evaluation, program plans, government programs, and related supporting organizations. Bibliographic sources are given. (BL)

The necessity and possibility for citizens to reassert their right to determine the fate of their own environment is advocated in this book by Joseph L. Sax, a professor of law. He demonstrates how this can be done by carrying the battle into the courtrooms of the nation and restoring democracy to environmental disputes. Such action can be accomplished by the effective use of certain established procedures already at the judiciary's disposal; by the creative application of basic legal principles to specifically ecological matters; and by the passage and utilization of a model law for citizens' environmental rights. By removing the barriers to environmental litigation which persist in the face of a national crisis, the courts can become a forum for citizen participation in democratic processes and a catalyst for legislative action. (BL)

This directory is intended to help people who want to contact Federal and/or State officials for advice, assistance, information, and action in a variety of fields associated with consumer and environmental protection in any of the fifty states and the District of Columbia. Agencies are listed in eleven categories: food and drugs, meat and poultry surveillance, narcotics and dangerous drugs, consumer protection: fraud and deceptive practices, weights and measures, environmental control, air pollution control, water pollution control, noise abatement control, state insurance commissioner, and pesticide control. Information is arranged alphabetically by state specifying state, federal and/or regional agencies, each with person to contact, address, and telephone number. Jurisdictional maps are provided showing boundaries of the regional, district, or field offices of the Food and Drug Administration, the Consumer Protection Program (U.S.D.A.), the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, the Federal Trade Commission, the Environmental Control Administration, the National Air Pollution Control Administration, the Federal Water Quality Administration, the Federal Aviation Administration, and the Pesticide Regulation Division (U.S.D.A.). (BL)

The purpose of this collection of 12 readings is to: 1) familiarize students with the general characteristics of groups occupying varying positions along the political spectrum; 2) present the opinions of several representatives of these viewpoints on the welfare state issue; and, 3) enable students to form their own informed and unemotional opinion of the welfare state. An introductory chapter attempts to clarify the labels: radical, liberal, conservative, and reactionary; sets out general characteristics of the far right and far left; offers a rational definition of the welfare state; and presents arguments on both sides of the issue. Readings include those by Juanita Kidd Stout, Hubert Humphrey, Senator Herbert Lehman, and the Chamber of Commerce of the U.S. Questions to stimulate thought and discussion are provided with each reading. Six exercises are interspersed throughout the booklet. Among these are four exercises in critical thinking, namely in differentiating between: fact and opinion, provable and unprovable statements, bias and reason, and cause and effect. Another exercise is designed to encourage the ability to empathize, and a final one asks students to identify the political positions of individuals and organizations in this issue. For further reading, a selected bibliography is appended of periodicals on the left and right. (JLB)

A typology of incentives and the general effects of incentives for family planning are discussed in "Incentives in the Diffusion of Family Planning Innovations," the first of three studies in this monthly publication of The Population Council. A brief review of the history of incentives and their present status in the fields is given, together with a classification of different types of incentives, as illustrated by different programs, and five generalizations about the role of incentives in diffusing family planning innovations. The second report, "Fertility Decline and Contraceptive Use in the International Postpartum Family Planning Program," presents a brief summary of some principal findings from the Worldwide Postpartum Program Follow-up Survey conducted in 1970. Findings and statistical data show that while both the IUD and the pill have enabled most acceptors to control their fertility effectively, both methods have serious shortcomings and point to the continuing need for improved contraceptives. "Singapore: A Study of Clinic Continuation Rates," the final study, reports on the continuation rates of oral contraception as used in the Singapore National Program during a two year period. Characteristics and status of program users and dropouts are analyzed. Bibliographic references are included for the reports. (BL)

This paper summarizes family planning activities and accomplishments from 1968 to 1970 in Thailand, with particular emphasis on the Family Health Project conducted by the Ministry of Public Health. This project, in reality a family planning program, provided remarkable success in that it was established with no official national population policy and simply integrated into existing health services. Major problems encountered relate to aid to rural populations, public information/education programs, training and supervision of auxiliary health personnel, government financial support, the need for increased awareness by government officials of the seriousness of the population problem (both socially and economically), and the utilization of other groups in spreading the family planning message. Also included in the paper are two additional reports: "Mexico City: A Clinic Dropout Study" and "Estimation of Births Averted by Family Planning Programs: the Parity Approach." The first presents preliminary results from a Mexican follow-up study on contraceptive acceptors who discontinue clinic visits. The second reviews the standard methods for estimating the number of births averted by family planning programs, discusses the accuracy and practicality of these methods, and suggests and analyzes a more recently developed method--the parity approach. (BL)

A manual setting out the policies of the Neighborhood Centers Day Care Association (NCDCA) describes the day mother's relationship to the agency; her relationship to parent and child; licensing; fees and attendance; the daily program--including meals, rest, clothing, play, field trips, and disciplines; safety; training programs; and health services. It also provides examples of key forms, such as a receipt book and an attendance report.

The primary purpose of the project was to rehabilitate public assistance recipients into gainful occupations, and to develop and demonstrate techniques for the utilization of rehabilitation aides. Initially, the project attempted to provide consultative services to the Statewide program for serving public assistance recipients and improving services through the utilization of rehabilitation case aides. During the course of the three-year expansion project, services were provided to 500 disabled DVR-Welfare recipients and/or applicants. (Author)

The monograph provides an overview of the DOD Domestic Action program with emphasis on the Army's specific social and economic conditions within our society. The study centers around an examination of the concept of using military resources in conjunction with other federal agencies to help resolve selected hard-core domestic problems. Opposing opinions and arguments relating to military involvement in social welfare efforts are presented as well as selected examples of on-going programs to organize energies and resources to improve specific conditions. (Author)

This supplement was designed to be used in conjunction with Paper No. Six, which contains a detailed description of the methodology employed. In conjunction with General Accounting Office, the Subcommittee on Fiscal Policy chose as study sites six areas of the Nation from among the 59 census areas which have been designated by the Census Bureau as low-income areas. The data in this study are based on the benefits available to the total household. The records of 100 Federal, State, and local programs were examined to determine whether any members of the households participated in them, the amount and nature of the benefits, and other social and economic characteristics of the households. This information was assembled and analyzed in the aggregate. The 100 programs searched include all cash benefit programs under Federal, State, or local sponsorship, such as public assistance, veteran's pensions and compensation, Government employee retirement and disability plans, workmen's compensation, unemployment insurance, and social security. Also examined were all programs offering subsidies in the form of food, medical, or housing benefits. Finally, service programs such as legal aid, child care, manpower training, and education assistance were included. Benefit information from these programs were collected for a 12-month period, and an average monthly benefit was computed. However, a common 12-month period could not always be applied, since the currency and structure of agency records vary across programs. (Author/JM)

The common theme running through this collection of essays is that perhaps the most significant thing about contemporary professional education is the great increase in the amount of theory and practical skill to be taught and learned. Chapters cover professional education in medicine, professional education in law, systems of theological education in the United States, and social work education. (MJM)

Static and dynamic incentive effects of the following fiscal transfer forms are examined: income subsidy (negative income tax), wage subsidy, categorical income subsidy (work requirement), and overtime wage subsidy. Budgetary costs, aggregate labor-market impacts, and welfare effects are analyzed. A program for categorically combining wage and income subsidies in a comprehensive income-maintenance approach is explored. Extended models of labor supply are studied for their implications about the incentive effects of transfers and the limits of small-scale experimental transfer programs. Job search incentives under various fiscal transfer forms are modelled and compared with empirical findings. Concepts of economic equality and related social welfare functions are examined. Egalitarian fiscal devices such as linear lump-sum transfers and wage tax-subsidies are numerically simulated and theoretically analyzed. (NTIS)

See TE 499 864, above.

An overview of services to help the handicapped is given in light of the characteristics of social conditions and social development in Denmark, and the history of rehabilitative care is examined. Information is given on the following areas: legislative, organization and financing; the national health service; the general education of handicapped children; vocational guidance, vocational assessment, physical and industrial rehabilitation, vocational training, and retraining; employment services; activities of daily living and the handicapped person's adjustment to these conditions; types of housing; financial benefits to the handicapped and their family members; the care of the blind and partially sighted; the care of the deaf; the care of the hard of hearing; the care of persons suffering from defective speech and wordblindness; the care of epileptics; the care of the mentally retarded; and the care of the crippled. A list of agencies in Denmark and a selected bibliography of publications in English are included. (WW)

Purpose, authority, applicant requirements, project deadlines, federal funding matching stipulations, program focus, 1968 priorities, and sources for information and guidelines are given for 23 programs and projects administered by the Federal Government. Included are those of the Office of Education, Social and Rehabilitation Service, and Public Health Service within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; the Community Action Program within the Office of Economic Opportunity; the Manpower Administration within the U.S. Department of Labor; the Economic Development Administration and the Office of Technical Assistance within the Department of Commerce; and the Model Cities Administration and Office of Urban Studies and Technology within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. (LE)

Attended by high level administrators and advisors from 96 countries, both developing and industrialized, the 1968 Conference of Ministers Responsible for Social Welfare focused on implications for national development, government responsibility, the meeting of professional and nonprofessional manpower needs, and forms of international cooperation. Such concerns as relevant curriculum content, expanding problems and local conditions, preparation of social work teachers and other indigenous personnel, professional training of multifunction personnel (generalists), ways of assessing manpower and training needs, the role of voluntary agencies and the United Nations, and the need for regional research and training centers, were stressed. (LY)

This sourcebook makes conveniently available the relevant materials on child welfare that were formerly scattered in conference proceedings, professional journals, government publications, and special meeting reports. The book is a supplementary tool for those interested in teaching and learning about child welfare and emphasizes research in this area. Selection of material for the sourcebook was based on a definition of child welfare services within the context of the profession of social work and is primarily concerned with services performed by those who are child welfare social workers employed by institutions, organizations, and agencies. Topics included are: protective services, homemaker and day-care services, foster-care services, adoption services, and the child-caring institution. (Author/AJ)

Focusing on the Community Action Program, an assessment was made of how much change has occurred in institutions which deal with the poor; what role CAP has played in realizing these changes, which CAP aspects or activities were related to institutional change; and community characteristics which might explain the changes or the role of CAP. Leaders of the poor and other community leaders were interviewed, along with employers and agency administrators, in 100 cities of over 50,000 population. Institutional change processes appeared to be largely political, involving cooperative behavior (as opposed to mere delivery of services) through alliances between important community groups. Help from personnel of neighborhood centers contributed to cooperation and had an independent effect on change in urban schools, employers, and private welfare agencies. Local militancy was related to changes in the operation of organizations which serve or may help the poor. However, in very large cities with sizable black communities, many alliances, and a high level of militancy, aid to community organizations was unrelated to CAP impact. Local CAP organization efforts had significantly more impact on urban schools than on employment policies or social service agencies. (LY)

An extension of an earlier study, this report begins by discussing attitude and behavior profiles of persons affiliated with the Community Action Program (CAP). Education, age, income, and other survey data on the poor and their leaders are analyzed to determine the possible impact of the CAP experience on their attitudes. Using reports from institutional leaders outside CAP, the second section assesses the degree to which CAP has been credited with inducing changes in three types of institutions (employers, schools, social service agencies) and the kinds of change CAP has seemed most successful in achieving. The third section compares the survey methodology for the preliminary data gathering stage with the standardized interview process subsequently used. Communities experiencing successful CAP efforts, as measured by data on institutional change, are checked to see if there is any confirmation of findings reached in the first phase. The document includes 37 tables. (Author/LY)

The 23 essays in this collection (1) discuss the movement to provide careers for poor non-professionals as an economic and social reform, (2) describe new careers occupations in social welfare, education, the health services, corrections, and industry, and (3) offer guidelines for designing new careers occupations and for training nonprofessionals.

THE QUESTIONNAIRE CONTAINS 72 ITEMS DESIGNED TO ASSESS THE VALUE POSITIONS OF INDIVIDUALS ON NINE DIMENSIONS. THESE DIMENSIONS REPRESENT VALUE PROBLEMS OF RELEVANCE TO THE TOTAL AMERICAN SOCIETY AND OF PARTICULAR CONCERN TO PERSONS IN THE FIELD OF SOCIAL WORK AND RELATED FIELDS OF GENERAL SOCIAL WELFARE. VALUE POSITIONS, AND QUITE OFTEN VALUE CONFLICTS, WITH REGARD TO EACH OF THESE DIMENSIONS ARE DISCUSSED THROUGHOUT THE SOCIAL WORK LITERATURE. OF THE 72 ITEMS ON THE REVISED SOCIAL VALUES TEST, 59 WERE SELECTED FROM A PRIOR TEST AFTER AN ANALYSIS WAS MADE OF RESPONSES FROM 293 SOCIAL WORKERS. APPROXIMATELY ONE-THIRD OF THE SOCIAL WORKERS ARE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS AND HOLD SOCIAL WORK DEGREES, ONE THIRD ARE GRADUATE STUDENTS IN SOCIAL WORK, AND ONE THIRD ARE PERSONS WHO ARE ENGAGED IN SOCIAL WORK BUT HOLD NO ADVANCED DEGREES. BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS ARE GIVEN OF EACH DIMENSION. SOME INVOLVE PRIMARILY COGNITIVE ORIENTATION, SOME ARE PRIMARILY EVALUATIVE, AND SOME COMBINE COGNITIVE AND EVALUATIVE VARIABLES.

THE UNDERGRADUATE SOCIAL WELFARE COURSE AT SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY IS DESCRIBED. THE MAJOR IS TAKEN WITHIN THE COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES. A BACHELOR OF ARTS DEGREE IS AWARDED UPON COMPLETION OF THE PROGRAM. THE PROGRAM IS INTERDISCIPLINARY. IT INVOLVES SOCIAL WELFARE COURSES, PSYCHOLOGY, POLITICAL SCIENCE, ECONOMICS, AND SOCIOLOGY COURSES, AND ELECTIVES. WITHIN THE EXISTING FRAMEWORK, A PILOT EXPERIMENTAL PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH IS DESCRIBED. IT IS ORGANIZED ALONG THE LINES OF A GRADUATE PROGRAM. COURSE MATERIAL TIES IN SEQUENTIALLY, AS WELL AS IN CONTENT, WITH A GRADUATE PROGRAM. THE CURRICULUM OBJECTIVES FOR AN UNDERGRADUATE SOCIAL WELFARE-GRADUATE SOCIAL WORK CONTINUUM ARE PRESENTED, AS IS THE DESIGN FOR THE PILOT UNDERGRADUATE SOCIAL WELFARE PROGRAM. (SK)

SEVEN NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENTS WORK TOGETHER TO SEE THAT THE MIGRANT IS TREATED FAIRLY AND HUMANELY IN THE AREAS OF HEALTH, HOUSING, CHILD CARE, EDUCATION, LABOR CONDITIONS, SAFETY, AND EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONS. AN INTERDEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE GUIDES THE EFFORTS OF THE DEPARTMENTS. THE AGENCIES WORK WITH A BODY OF STATE LAW WHICH IS UPDATED AND IMPROVED FROM YEAR TO YEAR. SUPPLEMENTING THESE SERVICES IS THE WORK OF THE GOVERNOR'S ADVISORY COUNCIL, REPRESENTING GROWERS, RELIGIOUS GROUPS, CIVIC GROUPS, AND PRIVATE GROUPS. THESE GROUPS DRAW ON THE STATE GOVERNMENT FOR HELP AND, IN TURN, ASSIST THE STATE DEPARTMENT IN ATTUNING THEIR EFFORTS TO LOCAL CONDITIONS. SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS ARE DESCRIBED. CHILD CARE CENTERS ARE LARGELY SUPPORTED BY THE STATE. CHILDREN OF MIGRANT WORKERS ATTEND SPECIAL SUMMER SCHOOLS. PERMITS TO OPERATE CAMPS ARE REQUIRED. SPECIALLY TRAINED HEALTH EDUCATORS WORK IN THE CAMPS. GROWERS, CONTRACTORS, AND TRANSPORTERS REGISTER WITH THE STATE WHEN FIVE OR MORE WORKERS ARE INVOLVED. INDIVIDUAL WORK RECORDS ARE KEPT BY THE EMPLOYERS AND ARE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION. MIGRANT WORKERS ARE FURNISHED PAY STATEMENTS. CHILD LABOR LAWS ARE ENFORCED. WELFARE ASSISTANCE COVERS FOOD, CLOTHING, HOUSEHOLD INCIDENTALS, AND MEDICAL CARE. MEDICAL CARE INCLUDED MEDICAL AND SURGICAL TREATMENT, DENTAL AND NURSING CARE, AND DRUGS.

National priorities shifted in the 1960's from goods-producing to service -producing activities. Employment demands, which have adapted to this shift, are already influencing the occupational choices of students. A projection of employment demands in terms of national social goals forecasts a need for the adaptation of instructional methods and curricula to social priorities. (WM)