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In many species-rich subtropical and tropical forests, the canopy is dominated by trees that form symbioses with ectomycorrhizal fungi, while understorey trees typically form symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We propose a virtuous phosphorus acquisition hypothesis to explain this structure. This hypothesis is based on evidence that ectomycorrhizal fungi are better equipped than arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to acquire growth-limiting phosphorus from organic forms in soil through the production of enzymes and exudates. Ectomycorrhizal saplings also gain more benefit from the formation of fungal networks with neighbouring adult plants, which also suppress infection by pathogens. Canopy dominance provides plants with the opportunity to capture more carbon from the atmosphere and fuel these below-ground nutrient-foraging activities. Subtropical and tropical forests in Asia often comprise canopy dominant trees that form symbioses with ectomycorrhizal fungi, and species-rich understorey trees that form symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We propose a virtuous phosphorus acquisition hypothesis to explain this distinct structure. The hypothesis is based on (i) seedlings being rapidly colonised by ectomycorrhizal fungi from established mycelial networks that generates positive feedback and resistance to pathogens, (ii) ectomycorrhizal fungi having evolved a suite of morphological, physiological, and molecular traits to enable them to capture phosphorus from a diversity of chemical forms, including organic forms, and (iii) allocation of photosynthate carbon from adult host plants to provide the energy needed to undertake these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decolonial studies define the coloniality of power as a complex assemblage of dominance and hegemony that emerged during the modern era or the era of colonialism, which stretches from the conquest of the Americas to the present. This article argues that, as part of the critical dialogue between decolonial studies and Islamic liberation theology, the latter should position itself in a decolonial political praxis around the preferential option for the poor that takes both a decolonial turn and a decolonial option seriously. There is a tendency to appropriate certain brands of decolonial studies to engage with forms of nationalism, such as Hindutva, to build a "decolonial option" in the global South by undermining the key insights of the "decolonial turn". This article specifically engages with the claims of "decolonial Hindutva" to critique the nationalist appropriation in decolonial studies, thereby marking its divergence from decolonial Islamic liberation theology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an increasingly diverse world, understanding young adults' intergroup prosocial behavior toward diverse others may inform ways to reduce intergroup conflict and cultivate an equitable and inclusive society. The college years are often the first time that young adults begin to explore their social identities and intergroup relations independently from their parents. Thus, we focused on college students and examined social dominance orientation, social positions, prosocial obligation, and the sense of belongingness in relation to their intergroup prosocial behavior across four domains (i.e., age, gender, race/ethnicity, and department affiliation). Participants were 1163 young adults aged 18–24 years (63.2% females, 34.5% males, and 2.3% gender diverse; 50.7% White, 19.6% Latino, 25% Asian, 2.3% Black) from a large public Southwestern university. Four profiles of intergroup prosocial behavior (self-serving, altruistic, selfish, and reverse ethnic racial bias) were identified and they were differentially related to the social, cognitive, and contextual correlates we examined. Overall, findings highlighted the need to foster intergroup prosocial behavior and the benefits of intergroup prosocial behavior to young adults' sense of belongingness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the present study was to compare the choice of foot of right-footed children with varying strengths of foot preference when performing two tasks of different levels of complexity at three spatial locations. 30 right-footed children were tested. The results showed that the general tendency to use one's preferred foot to interact with an object is more or less pronounced depending on the object's location and the complexity of the task. The children used their non-preferred left foot more often during the simple task and when the object was presented to the left. Our findings also revealed interactions between gender, age, and spatial location. At five, girls used globally less their left foot than boys. In addition, girls used their preferred right foot more frequently than boys when the object was presented to the left. Based on these results, it can be concluded that foot selection depends on foot preference, task demand, environmental context, and biological factors associated with motor dominance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relationships, their processes, and outcomes are shaped by sociocultural norms and practices. The specialty of counseling psychology emphasizes the importance of a holistic understanding of the social context of lived experience as it affects health and well‐being. We used a queer paradigm and an intersectional approach to inquire about the romantic relationship experiences of 15 bisexual‐identifying Asian American men (BIAAM) who were at least 23 years old. In‐depth interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a constructivist grounded theory approach. A recursive process of coding resulted in findings that focused on the influence of gender and bisexual stigma on romantic relationship experiences. Relationship experiences were constructed in the context of White hegemonic masculinity norms requiring the performance of dominance and emotional restriction. Experiences of bisexual stigma included fears of rejection from gay and Asian communities that shaped the choice of partners and disclosure and concealment decisions. BIAAM create and maintain their romantic relationships in a social context that challenges them to straddle socially constructed binaries and hierarchies for performing gender, sexuality, and race. We discuss the implications of the findings for culturally competent and effective intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Nucleolar dominance (ND) is a widespread epigenetic phenomenon in hybridizations where nucleolus transcription fails at the nucleolus organizer region (NOR). However, the dynamics of NORs during the formation of Triticum zhukovskyi (GGAuAuAmAm), another evolutionary branch of allohexaploid wheat, remains poorly understood. Here, we elucidated genetic and epigenetic changes occurring at the NOR loci within the Am, G, and D subgenomes during allopolyploidization by synthesizing hexaploid wheat GGAuAuAmAm and GGAuAuDD. In T. zhukovskyi, Au genome NORs from T. timopheevii (GGAuAu) were lost, while the second incoming NORs from T. monococcum (Am Am) were retained. Analysis of the synthesized T. zhukovskyi revealed that rRNA genes from the Am genome were silenced in F1 hybrids (GAuAm) and remained inactive after genome doubling and subsequent self‐pollinations. We observed increased DNA methylation accompanying the inactivation of NORs in the Am genome and found that silencing of NORs in the S1 generation could be reversed by a cytidine methylase inhibitor. Our findings provide insights into the ND process during the evolutionary period of T. zhukovskyi and highlight that inactive rDNA units may serve as a 'first reserve' in the form of R‐loops, contributing to the successful evolution of T. zhukovskyi. Significance Statement: Nucleolar dominance is a widespread epigenetic phenomenon in distant hybridizations, which describes reversible nucleolus transcription failure at the uniparental NOR. Triticum zhukovskyi lost Au genome NORs during the first polyploidization event, but retained Am genome NORs across the second polyploidization process. Nucleolus dominance is established in hybrid F1 independently of chromosome doubling events, which may be one of the reasons for the successful evolution of hexaploid wheat T. zhukovskyi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal shelters in the United States have become a tool of institutionalized racism and aid in the perpetuation of stig)matization of marginalized communities. Despite having evolved alongside humans and living in all areas, climates, and ways in which humans do, dogs are used as a tool to police the lives of people of color. Dogs enter animal shelters in a variety of ways: they may have been found “stray,” be seized when their owner is hospitalized or incarcerated, surrendered by their owners, or the least likely avenue of confiscation—under assumptions of cruelty or neglect. Owning a dog is treated as a privilege instead of a right, and through this, dog ownership becomes a symbol of status and a demonstration of dominance and control over “others.” Rather than operating from an elitist perspective that is informed by hegemonic ideology, those responsible for capital reallocation, here the re-homing of dogs, should apply a postmodern approach informed by cultural relativism in order to deconstruct their ethnocentric viewpoint. In order to better serve the needs of humans and nonhuman animals through animal sheltering, the concept of the heteronormative nuclear family as the “best” way to live with a dog needs to be re-evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the question of conditions for the existence of negative-energy states of particles in the absence of external fields in inertial and noninertial frames of reference. We show that in the nonrelativistic case in noninertial reference frames, there always exist domains where the energy of particles is negative. We also show that in the relativistic case, the existence of negative-energy states of point particles does not lead to violations of the energy dominance condition. We consider conditions for the appearance of negative and zero energies of particles in the Milne universe and Rindler space–time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to compare the clinical picture of COVID-19 in the initial and later period of Omicron dominance and to identify populations still at risk. A retrospective comparison of the clinical data of 965 patients hospitalized during the early period of Omicron's dominance (EO, January–June 2022) with 897 patients from a later period (LO, July 2022–April 2023) from the SARSTer database was performed. Patients hospitalized during LO, compared to EO, were older, had a better clinical condition on admission, had a lower need for oxygen and mechanical ventilation, had less frequent lung involvement in imaging, and showed much faster clinical improvement. Moreover, the overall mortality during EO was 14%, higher than that in LO—9%. Despite the milder course of the disease, mortality exceeding 15% was similar in both groups among patients with lung involvement. The accumulation of risk factors such as an age of 60+, comorbidities, lung involvement, and oxygen saturation <90% resulted in a constant need for oxygen in 98% of patients, an 8% risk of mechanical ventilation, and a 30% mortality rate in the LO period. Multiple logistic regression revealed lower odds of death during the LO phase. Despite the milder course of infections caused by the currently dominant subvariants, COVID-19 prophylaxis is necessary in people over 60 years of age, especially those with comorbidities, and in the case of pneumonia and respiratory failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marriage equality has been a topic of political debate worldwide, with several countries legalising marriage between two consenting adults regardless of sex or gender since the early 2000s. In 2017, Australia legalised marriage equality through the Marriage Amendment (Definition and Religious Freedoms) Act 2017. This decision followed a voluntary postal survey open to adult citizens to gauge public support for marriage equality. Although marriage equality was legislated, there is a need to understand community attitudes in order to promote safe environments for all citizens. Our study investigated demographic, personality characteristics, and social factors predictive of both attitudes towards marriage equality and response to the postal survey. Data were obtained from 250 Australian respondents through an anonymous online survey. Participants held positive attitudes towards marriage equality and 82% had returned a survey in favour of marriage equality. Attitudes towards LGBTQ+ people, sex, sexuality, geographic location, religious fundamentalism, social political conservatism, degree of comfort with gay and lesbian people, attitudes to marriage and marriage gender roles, gender role beliefs, general empathy, empathy towards same sex attracted people, and right-wing authoritarianism predicted attitudes to marriage equality and/or survey response. Findings suggest that increasing empathy towards and contact with LGBTQ+ people may increase more positive attitudes towards LGBTQ+ people and marriage equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the representation of cultures and communities in the world across five editions of New Headway elementary level textbook (NHE). It conducts a diachronic content analysis to explore how the representation of cultures and communities has evolved in NHE across five editions since its first edition's publication in 1993. Adapting Kachru's model of concentric circles for data analysis, we utilized Yuen's adaptation of ACTFL's (1996) standards for language teaching via the categories of persons, perspectives, products, and practices. Our findings mainly indicate that the Inner Circle has maintained its dominance in NHE's content over five editions. We found that there was an imbalance favoring European cultures against non-European cultures in the Expanding Circle. On the other hand, Expanding Circle / Non-European and Outer Circle are underrepresented with around 10% of the textbook content. These findings show that NHE's cultural focus is on the Western, European, and Anglo-American world of English-speaking communities. Such an imbalance in representation of world cultures leads us to conclude that NHE's writers do not sufficiently raise English learners' global cultural consciousness since there has been little engagement with multicultural view of English language varieties. We invite teachers, learners, and material developers to critically approach, analyse, revise, and/or adapt textbook content as discursive constructions which shape the imagination of cultures and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We used the theory of social dominance to explore the mediating influence and boundary conditions according to which subordinates' creativity affects supervisor undermining. Through a two-stage survey of 223 employees and their paired supervisors, we verified the mediating effect of supervisors' perceived status threat on the relationship between subordinates' creativity and supervisor undermining. Supervisors' status concern moderated the relationship between subordinates' creativity and supervisors' perceived status threat. Specifically, the positive relationship between subordinates' creativity and supervisors' perceived status threat was stronger when the level of supervisors' status concern was high. We aimed to deepen understanding of the factors that influence supervisor undermining. Additionally, we introduced perceived status threat as a mediating variable, which enhances understanding of the mechanism behind the unjust treatment of star employees. This highlights the importance of companies continuing to improve the management and professional skills of their supervisors, and fostering an organizational culture that is equal and free, in order to cultivate and retain highly creative talents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examines the role of individuals' preference for unequal intergroup relations in exacerbating a process of differential attrition from organizations that value intergroup equality (i.e., hierarchy-attenuating contexts). We proposed that people functioning within a well-recognized hierarchy-attenuating context (i.e., students of social work) who were higher on social dominance orientation (SDO) would be more likely to leave their institution through two pathways; first, people higher on SDO would have fewer moral concerns of social fairness and human harm-avoidance (i.e., individualizing); in turn, a lack of individualizing morality would stimulate a perceived person-environment misfit, ultimately increasing their intention to leave. We conducted a single cross-sectional design study involving a convenience sample of 245 undergraduate social work students. Overall, the results of the serial mediation model suggest that people higher on SDO intend to leave their organization that supports inclusive equality via reduced individualizing morality and high perceived P-E misfit. These findings contribute to understanding the role of socio-political orientations and moral beliefs in hindering proper adaptation to contexts that value egalitarian social norms, with relevant implications for individuals and groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on the "Game of Thrones" saga, we investigated among fans (N = 338) whether social dominance orientation (SDO) is associated with morality attributed to characters of TV fictions and, in turn, individuals' worldviews. We further considered the distinction in SDO-Dominance (SDO-D) and SDO-Antiegaliatarianism (SDO-A). Results revealed that SDO-D was positively associated with morality attributed to characters using harsh power-achievement strategies; SDO-A was negatively associated with morality attributed to characters fighting for collective interests and supporting equality principles. Morality attributed to some characters mediated the associations of the two SDO dimensions with participants' worldview about pursuing collective rather than individual interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of cladode pruning on apical dominance in the production and post-harvest of pitaya fruits. The experiment was carried out at the Sítio das Pitaya do Pará, which is in the city of Tomé-Açu, State of Pará, Brazil. A randomized block design (RBD) in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme was used, with four replications for each treatment. Treatments consisted of three stand positions in the field (beginning, middle, and end of row) and two pruning regimes (with and without pruning). The interaction of factors Pruning and Stand position (P*SP) inhibited sprouting, while the Pruning factor provided heavier fruits and with a better pulp/peel ratio. Thus, cladode pruning provided benefits to plant management, production parameters, and post-harvest quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment with 363 Irish and Flemish men aged 19 to 30 years (M = 23.56, SD = 2.36) investigated exposure to different male model ads (i.e. muscular, slim, plus-size, overall diversity, and no models) on well-being (i.e. body image, low body fat and muscularity attitudes, self-objectification, and self-esteem) and advertising outcomes (i.e. ad attitudes, brand attitudes, and purchase intent). Moderation effects of country and masculinity (i.e. dominance, winning) were investigated. The diversity condition generated more positive effects for low body fat attitudes than the muscular, slim, and no model conditions. Yet, no differences appeared for this outcome between the diversity and plus-size condition. No effects for the other well-being and advertising variables were found. Moderation analyses revealed higher purchase intent in the slim condition for men high in dominance. No effects were found for country and winning. Findings suggest that non-idealized models have protective effects for some men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Second-generation Latinx immigrant students in middle school and high school may experience language and reading barriers in education resulting from their cultural upbringing. This study examined the language and reading scores of 2,107 bilingual dominant second-generation Latinx youth participants enrolled in 8th and 9th grade in the states of California and Florida. Results showed that bilingual dominance in English and Spanish is positively related to reading achievement scores, even when controlling for demographic variables. This study also found evidence that family cohesion and self-esteem mediated the relationship between bilingual dominance and reading achievement scores. This study provides insight into future research on the reading achievement of second-generation Latinx immigrant students. Implications for school administrators and educators regarding reading and language achievement for second-generation immigrant students will be shared with recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the establishment of a seat of government by Kublai Khan, Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, at his residence at Jinlianchuan Prairie to the construction of the city of Kaiping, and from thence to the establishment of Kaiping as Xanadu, the northern capital of the Yuan Dynasty, a series of pivotal historical events influencing trends within the Yuan Empire took place in this steppe city. Shizu ultimately chose to implement a two-capital system, traveling back and forth between Xanadu and Khanbaliq to handle court administration and attend simultaneously to the needs of the Central Plains and the grasslands. By means of this structure, the Mongolian rulers declared their ownership of the territories of the Central Plains as well as the steppe, establishing their dominance and control by means of a ceremonial symbol. Analyzing the political and historical significance of this geographical space from Kaiping to Xanadu makes it clear that this region was an important historical artifact for the evolution of the Chinese people as an ethnic community with pluralistic unity. That the Yuan Dynasty achieved the integration of ethnic minorities and Han Chinese as one family as well as territorial unification represents a great step forward in Chinese history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Movements for racial justice on college campuses can have wide‐ranging implications for promoting justice and well‐being. In this research, we sought to better understand how the dominant ideology of colour evasion might serve to protect the inequitable status quo. Believing that 'people should not see race anymore' can have different implications for efforts to reduce racial inequities depending on how this belief system is construed. Although one perspective can promote efforts to reduce inequitable outcomes between groups, through another lens this colour‐evasive ideology can serve to strengthen existing inequalities. We examined whether adhering to colour evasion might be associated with protecting the status quo on a college campus for those students who endorse hierarchy among social groups. We tested these predictions during a large, university‐wide movement for racial justice. In a cross‐sectional study of students (N = 255), we found that, for relatively anti‐egalitarian, but not egalitarian, students, the more they endorsed colour evasion, the less they supported the Black Student Coalition's demands, the less social justice action they took, the less effective they deemed the demonstrations, the less satisfied they were with student leaders and the more they thought the demonstrations were promoting intergroup conflict. This work makes contributions to the social dominance theory and colour evasion literatures and student activism scholarship generally, as well as to applied work endeavouring to promote efforts to reduce racial inequities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of speech-based depression detectors is limited by the scarcity and imbalance in depression data. We found that depression detectors could be strongly biased toward speaker features when the number of training speakers is insufficient. To address this issue, we propose a speaker-invariant depression detector (SIDD) that minimizes speaker information in the latent space. The SIDD consists of an autoencoder, a depression classifier, and a speaker-embedding projector. By incorporating speaker-embedding vectors into the autoencoder's latent vectors, speaker information is effectively eliminated for the depression classifier. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements achieved by minimizing speaker information, and our proposed method generally outperforms previous approaches for depression detection on the DAIC-WOZ dataset. • Depression models trained on small datasets will bias toward speaker features. • Use an autoencoder to minimize speaker information in a latent space. • Minimizing speaker information can improve depression detection performance. • A balanced number of training vectors from different speakers is critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whites display an asymmetry when detecting discrimination—disparate treatment from high-status groups directed toward low-status groups constitutes discrimination but not the opposite. Whites also believe they experience just as much racial discrimination as Blacks. This latter pattern could be especially true for Whites with higher social dominance orientation (SDO)—preference for intergroup dominance and inequality. Three studies (including one pilot study) investigated whether Whites with higher (vs. lower) SDO perceived examples of institutional and individual instances of racial discrimination as evidence of racism when happening to White (vs. Black) victims. Results revealed partial support for our prediction that the asymmetry in discrimination detection for Whites with higher (vs. lower) SDO would be opposite to the previously identified asymmetry, especially for examples of institutional (vs. individual) discrimination. Implications are discussed in the context of the 2020 Black Lives Matter protests and 2021 Capitol siege. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the "feedback loops" that constitute the Tamil transnational music scene. Comprising of musical, social, economic and political networks between South India, Sri Lanka and their diasporas, I consider how new music production loops around to highlight the multiplicity and fluidity of the scene. Having been built on practices of carnatic, devotional, folk, Kollywood music, hip-hop and R&B, these feedback loops are entangled in politics of belonging. Social hierarchies are being resisted, but also reiterated, by second-generation diasporic and South Asia-based artists through their creative practice. This article examines feedback loops that amplify issues such as casteism and ethnic violence through the rise of Tamil transnational independent music. While these feedback loops are strengthening the economy of cross-border music-making and have the potential for social change, the multidirectional loops also have the potential to reproduce the hierarchies that they have the intention to change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the position of Bangladesh in the field of international social work with women. It explores the country's women's development initiatives in the context of the global debate over indigenization, universalization and imperialism. To identify the strategic position, the article examines the literature on social work, the evolution of social work and the web contents of some development agencies in Bangladesh. The findings reveal that Bangladesh follows a process of reconciliation in the indigenization–internationalization dispute by employing both top-down (think globally, act locally) and bottom-up (act locally, proceed globally) approaches to international social work and women's development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Little is known about the distribution of grasses throughout Australia. Using endemism as a basis for understanding biogeographical distributions, we hypothesised that contemporary species richness would be the result of environmental factors and dynamic ecological interactions spanning more than 25 Ma. Location: Australia. Taxon: Grasses. Methods: We mapped the distribution of all Australian grass species and modelled climatic and landscape correlates according to photosynthetic type (C3 or C4), endemism, age in Australia, phylogenetic lineage and traits linked to dominance, using height as a proxy. Age classes comprised 'Ancient' (Gondwanan), and three others related to migration during the Sunda‐Sahul Interchange (SSI): Early, Mid or Recent. In some analyses, 'Ancient', 'Early SSI' and 'Mid SSI' were combined into 'Pre‐Recent SSI'. Results: Overall, species richness of C4 grasses increased with warmer mean annual temperatures, while richness of C3 grasses was higher in cooler areas. Recent SSI species had strong associations with summer rains and were dominant in the continent's northeast, with Pre‐Recent SSI species concentrated in the southeast, a pattern largely reflecting photosynthetic type (C4 and C3 respectively). Endemic and shared species distribution patterns support a migration sequence in which most C3 Pooideae and Panicoideae genera arrived in Australia before the Pliocene aridifications, followed by C4 Chloridoideae as aridification increased, with C4 Andropogoneae immigrating most recently across Lake Carpentaria's open habitats in the later Pleistocene. Recent SSI shared species were significantly taller than Pre‐Recent SSI endemic grasses. Main Conclusions: The few grasses present in Australia before the Pliocene grew in cooler areas. The influx of taller Recent SSI grasses contributed to dramatic environmental changes—including creation of the northern savannas—with repercussions for resident taxa. Contemporary methods of fuel management could be promoting invasion by grass, thereby jeopardising the conditions suited to ancient taxa and threatening the region's evolutionary history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two basic strategies can be applied to navigate hierarchies: (a) dominance, which involves the induction of fear, intimidation, or coercion to obtain status, or (b) prestige, which involves using one's skills, knowledge, or expertise to pursue status. In the present research, we refined the original dominance and prestige account and the respective self-report scale and conceptualized and assessed both variables as stable self-concept facets. By doing so, we extended the explanatory power of the model. Four studies (total N = 1,993) showed good psychometric properties for the newly developed dominance and prestige questionnaire (DPQ). Both dominance and prestige showed high temporal stability. In testing associations with 72 personality variables and 14 objective criteria, nomological and criterion validity were supported. For the first time, the concepts were shown to predict friendship satisfaction. Further, in testing a truth and bias model, we found high self-other agreement for both self-concept facets. Thus, self-perceptions of dominance and prestige proved to be stable, valid, accurate, and relevant in contexts beyond leadership. Future research concerning the self-perception of these concepts could test the relevance of dominance and prestige in additional spheres of life (e.g. families, academia). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudoscalar meson dominance has implications for nucleon structure which follow from an Extended Partial Conservation of the Axial Current (EPCAC). The minimal resonance saturation of the nucleon pseudoscalar form factor of the lowest pseudoscalar and isovector mesons compatible with pQCD short distance constraints and chiral symmetry. Using PDG masses and widths we obtain g π N N = 13.21 (- 0.06 + 0.11) , to be compared with the most precise determinations from np, pp scattering, g π + n p = 13.25 (5) from the Granada-2013 database. Equivalently a Goldberger–Treiman discrepancy Δ GT = 1. 8 - 0.4 + 0.9 % is found. Our results are consistent with almost flat strong pion-nucleon-nucleon vertices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we present recent lattice-QCD results for the one-particle irreducible three-gluon vertex in general kinematics, i.e. beyond the typical symmetric and soft-gluon cases. These results have been obtained through high-statistics quenched lattice simulations, considering a tensorial basis owing to which the three-gluon form factors can be naturally cast in terms of Bose-symmetric momentum variables. The data show the dominance of the tree-level tensor component. This is phenomenologically relevant, as it allows the vertex to be approximated by its tree-level contribution. Moreover, the tree-level-tensor form factor depends almost exclusively on a particular symmetric combination of the three momenta involved: the so-called "planar degeneracy". The combination of both findings allows for a relatively simple description of the three-gluon vertex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of apical dominance by which the apical bud/shoot tip of the plant inhibits the outgrowth of axillary buds located below has been studied for more than a century. Different approaches were used over time, with first the physiology era, the genetic era, and then the multidisciplinary era. During the physiology era, auxin was thought of as the master regulator of apical dominance acting indirectly to inhibit bud outgrowth via unknown secondary messenger(s). Potential candidates were cytokinin (CK) and abscisic acid (ABA). The genetic era with the screening of shoot branching mutants in different species revealed the existence of a novel carotenoid-derived branching inhibitor and led to the significant discovery of strigolactones (SLs) as a novel class of plant hormones. The re-discovery of the major role of sugars in apical dominance emerged from modern physiology experiments and involves ongoing work with genetic material affected in sugar signalling. As crops and natural selection rely on the emergent properties of networks such as this branching network, future work should explore the whole network, the details of which are critical but not individually sufficient to solve the 'wicked problems' of sustainable food supply and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dominance perceptions play an important role in social interactions. Although many researchers have proposed that shape masculinity is an important facial cue for dominance perceptions, evidence for this claim has come almost exclusively from studies that assessed perceptions of experimentally manipulated faces using forced-choice paradigms. Consequently, we investigated the role of masculine shape characteristics in perceptions of men's facial dominance (1) when shape-manipulated stimuli were presented in a forced-choice paradigm and (2) when unmanipulated face images were rated for dominance and shape masculinity was measured from face images. Although we observed large effects of masculinity on dominance perceptions when we used the forced-choice method (Cohen's ds = 2.51 and 3.28), the effect of masculinity on dominance perceptions was considerably smaller when unmanipulated face images were rated and shape masculinity measured from face images (Cohen's ds = 0.44 and 0.62). This pattern was observed when faces were rated separately for physical dominance, social dominance, and masculinity, and was seen for two different sets of stimuli. Collectively, these results suggest that shape masculinity may not be a particularly important cue for dominance perceptions when faces vary simultaneously on multiple dimensions, as is the case during everyday social interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of people experiencing homelessness has continuously increased in the United States in the last decade. Researchers have shown that permanent supportive housing is an effective method for addressing chronic homelessness. However, housing programs and policies often meet with opposition from people in the community. Using theorizing from the dual‐process model of prejudice and the stereotype content model, we examined whether ideological orientations of right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) predicted opposition to permanent supportive housing through different stereotypes and emotional prejudices. Across two studies (NTotal = 579), we measured Californians' ideological orientations (RWA, SDO), stereotypes and emotional prejudices toward homeless individuals, and their attitudes toward housing programs. Study 1 focused on permanent housing in a community, while Study 2 focused on a state‐wide policy that funds permanent housing. Across both studies, stronger SDO predicted negative competence stereotypes, less pity and more contempt toward homeless individuals, and opposition to housing programs. SDO consistently predicted opposition to social programs through stronger contempt and less pity. RWA is differently related to outcomes across the studies. Results suggest that people's preference for maintaining hierarchy and power structures, which underlies SDO, is a key predictor of people's housing attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study extends recent research demonstrating that the veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus) can produce and detect biotremors. Chameleons were paired in various social contexts: dominance (male–male; female–female C. calyptratus); courtship (male–female C. calyptratus); heterospecific (C. calyptratus + C. gracilis); and inter-size class dominance (adult + juvenile C. calyptratus). Simultaneous video and accelerometer recordings were used to monitor their behavior and record a total of 398 biotremors. Chamaeleo calyptratus produced biotremors primarily in conspecific dominance and courtship contexts, accounting for 84.7% of the total biotremors recorded, with biotremor production varying greatly between individuals. Biotremors were elicited by visual contact with another conspecific or heterospecific, and trials in which chameleons exhibited visual displays and aggressive behaviors were more likely to record biotremors. Three classes of biotremor were identified—hoots, mini-hoots, and rumbles, which differed significantly in fundamental frequency, duration, and relative intensity. Biotremor frequency decreased with increasing signal duration, and frequency modulation was evident, especially in hoots. Overall, the data show that C. calyptratus utilizes substrate-borne vibrational communication during conspecific and possibly heterospecific interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much research has examined the link between (anti-)egalitarian ideology and motivated social cognition. However, this research is typically framed around anti-egalitarianism, with the other end of this ideological pole, egalitarianism, often ignored altogether or treated as merely the absence of anti-egalitarian-motivated cognition. We integrate long-standing ideas from social dominance theory with contemporary models of motivated social cognition and a recent wave of empirical findings to argue that egalitarian ideology also drives social cognition in meaningful ways. We discuss why pursuing this avenue of research is important and outline several unanswered questions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects and correlations of the perceived religious affiliation on a fictitious terrorism case. Participants were 402 French adults who completed a questionnaire after reading a scenario involving the arrest of a person (French vs. North African; man vs. woman) wearing an explosive belt. They indicated the level of the perpetrator's religious affiliation and judged her/him and the act. The participants' level of social dominance orientation (SDO) was measured and studied along in its two dimensions. The results showed an effect of ethnicity on perceived religious affiliation, which was correlated with judgment and mediated the effect of social dominance on judgment. The implications of this study are discussed in terms of intergroup interactions and religious prejudice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the important issue of the social nature of self and the ways the different aspects of the self are being internalized through external dialogues. It presents a study that systematically explores the development of the clients' voices during group psychotherapy from a narrative and dialogical perspective. Thematic narrative analysis was used to study 20 two-hour group therapy sessions of a systemic informed approach that was completed over 2 years. The analysis involved mapping of the voices of each group member, their categorization as compassionate and/or reflexive, and a sequential depiction of the group voices through timelines. The analysis reveals the ways in which voices, especially compassionate voices, that appear in the dialogue between clients and therapists and are rehearsed in the context of the group are gradually internalized by the clients, becoming clients' voices, changing thus the dominance of voices of each client's voice repertoire. This study empirically depicts the process of internalization of voices, providing support to the dialogical self theory and the social nature of the self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bondage/discipline, dominance/submission, and sadism/masochism (BDSM; "kink") are frequently pathologized as derivatives of abuse. Although the link is unsubstantiated, some kink-identified people who happen to be survivors of trauma may engage in kink, or trauma play, to heal from, cope with, and transform childhood abuse or adolescent maltreatment. The present study sought a thematic model (Braun & Clarke, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101, 2006) of trauma recovery through kink using a critical realist, inductive approach to inquiry. Participants were eligible if they had experienced early abuse, were adults, and practiced kink. Six superordinate themes were generated from semi-structured interviews with 20 participants from five countries: cultural context of healing (e.g. using BDSM norms and previous therapy to reframe kink and trauma), restructuring the self-concept (e.g. strengthening internal characteristics which had been harmed or distorted), liberation through relationship (e.g. learning to be valued by intimate others), reclaiming power (e.g. setting and maintaining personal boundaries), repurposing behaviors (e.g. engaging in aspects of prolonged exposure), and redefining pain (e.g. transcending painful memories through masochism). Notably, participants only reported retraumatizing experiences prior to learning about the structural safeguards of BDSM. Research and clinical implications are discussed by drawing on general models of trauma recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social structure of gregarious animals can be influenced by phenotypic differences, including signals of quality or of social dominance such as colour ornamentation. Familiarity among individuals can also influence social behaviour. When individuals are already familiar with each other, it is unclear whether ornamentation remains important in shaping social behaviour. Here, we tested how long-term associations among individuals are affected by two types of perturbations. First, we tested whether experimentally manipulating ornamental plumage affected social dominance and network centrality among familiar individuals. In a second experiment, we tested whether temporary absence of individuals affected their long-term associations. In our first experiment, we reduced the size of the red breast plumage of wild-caught common waxbills, Estrilda astrild , that had been living together for over a year in a large mesocosm and monitored their social network and aggressive interactions before and up to 2 months after the manipulation. We found that waxbills with experimentally reduced red breast plumage did not change in social network centrality or social dominance, compared to controls. In our second experiment, we temporarily removed a subset of waxbills from the mesocosm and found that their social network centrality was not affected upon their return to the group 3 months later. The strength of associations between separated birds remained stable, not having changed more than those between control birds that remained together in the mesocosm. In contrast to these temporarily absent birds, waxbills entering the mesocosm for the first time occupied more central network positions. Results indicate that long-term associations among familiar waxbills are resilient to changes in ornamentation and to prolonged absence. We propose that resuming long-term associations with familiar individuals stabilizes social structure, which may increase the benefits of social living for gregarious species like the waxbill, which in nature exhibits fission–fusion and vagrant movements. - Colour ornamentation and familiarity can influence social behaviour - It is unclear whether colour ornamentation shapes sociality of familiar individuals - Using waxbills, we reduced the size of red colour or temporarily removed individuals - Neither treatment affected positions in the social network or dominance hierarchy - A resilient social structure may be adaptive in species with fission-fusion dynamics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines 59 online articles written about a photograph of Nancy Pelosi standing up in the White House cabinet room and pointing her finger toward Donald Trump. Trump released the photo and tweeted his own interpretation of it; online articles followed discussing descriptions and/or interpretations of the image and the surrounding events. This paper focuses on how the media discourse of this moment reflects views about the expression of power in politics, its tie to emotion and emotionality, and its sometimes subtle connection with gender. Analysis of the articles showed that the media interpreted the nonverbal cues in the photograph as reflective of individual power displays, relative power as enacted through dominance and submissiveness nonverbal cues, and changing relative power through one person's nonverbal cues lowering another's apparent power position. It also reflected an existing cultural belief that emotionality and power are generally inconsistent in politics, with some exemptions for anger displays, and the particular challenges of emotional display for women in politics. In doing so, the media coverage continued its masculinization of the political sphere in less visible ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A culture of peace is expressed as a set of values, attitudes, and modes of behavior based on nonviolence and respect for the fundamental rights and freedoms of people. Based on an experimental design, this research seeks to analyze the effect of music and dance stimuli related to the Andean social group on intergroup empathy, social dominance, stereotypes, emotions, and attitudes toward Andean music. A total of 88 adults (M = 21.24, SD = 1.84) randomly assigned to one of three established experimental conditions (control, music, and dance groups) participated in the study. The results show that, in general, exposure to music and dance improves levels of intergroup empathy, reduces social dominance, and fosters a greater positive stereotype toward the Andean social group, producing greater emotions and positive attitudes toward the artistic expressions of this group in comparison to the control group. It is concluded that music and dance, as cultural expressions, can be elements that help improve the stereotypical representation and appreciation of other groups and their members, thus establishing a path toward building a culture of peace. Public Significance Statement: In a scenario such as the Peruvian one, characterized by social exclusion and structural violence, this study shows how artistic expressions such as dance and music can function as devices for the development of a culture of peace based on the improvement of relations between groups that make up Peruvian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of plant architecture requires coordination of distinct processes including shoot branching and apical dominance (AD). AD involves the bud apical shoot, mainly through indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthetized by the cells of the meristem and young leaves. The rootward flow generates an auxin gradient in the stem and buds, regulating lateral bud (LB) outgrowth. Phytochromes and AD are involved in the shade-avoidance syndrome in woody plants. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of cherry rootstocks to light, mediated by the photoreceptor phytochrome, and its effect on the role of auxin in driving branching by AD. Pharmacological treatments using transport inhibitors and a competitor of IAA were applied to transgenic lines of Colt cherry rootstock, which showed different sensitivities to light because of the ectopic expression of a rice phyA gene. Results showed different physiological behaviours among the transgenic lines and between themselves and the Colt-wt line. Exogenous IBA inhibited Colt-wt LB outgrowth, and this inhibition was less intense in transgenic lines. The IAA-inhibitors and IAA-competitor promoted branching. In in vitro phyA-transgenic plantlets, the ectopic gene induced greater branching and a higher number of buds developed in new shoots. This work confirms a positive action of phytochrome on lateral branching in cherry rootstock, playing a role in the regulation of AD. Moreover, we suggest that the confined in vitro system might now be used as a phenotyping screening to test the plasticity of the response, highlighting the behaviour of modified genotypes due to an ectopic insertion event by simple and rapid procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has demonstrated that low social dominance orientation (social equality orientation) promotes empathy with disadvantaged group members. In three studies, we tested a model relating preference for egalitarianism to positive attitudes towards immigrants through emotional experiences (pride, guilt, moral anger/ anger, disgust). Studies 1 and 2 showed that social equality orientation was positively related to proimmigrant attitudes through increased pride in helping immigrants, controlling for participants' gender, age, and political orientation. Such a preference for egalitarianism was unrelated to proimmigrant attitudes through guilt for not helping immigrants and moral anger concerning mistreatment of immigrants. By focusing on emotional experience concerning proimmigrant national initiatives (e.g., integrating immigrants into the labor market), Study 3 corroborated the indirect effect of social equality orientation on proimmigrant attitudes through increased pride, controlling for participants' gender, age, political orientation, as well as competitive jungle and dangerous world beliefs. Although much weaker, we also found a positive association between social equality orientation and proimmigrant attitudes through reduced anger, while no significant association through guilt and disgust was found. Results suggest that, relative to guilt, anger, and disgust, pride is the key channel through which preference for egalitarianism is related to positive attitudes towards immigrants. Implications and future directions for research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although religiosity correlates positively with authoritarianism, the temporal ordering of this relationship is unclear. Because religious teachings often promote authoritarian values, right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) should increase following religious conversion. Yet spiritual beliefs may also promote egalitarianism. As such, social dominance orientation (SDO) might decrease postconversion. We tested these hypotheses using data from a subset of participants who converted to Christianity at some point during a 9-year longitudinal panel study (N = 536). We also examined a separate subsample who deconverted over the same period (N = 696). As hypothesised, RWA was stable before conversion, but increased slightly after becoming religious. Unexpectedly, SDO was stable both pre- and postconversion. Conversely, those who deconverted from Christianity experienced declines in RWA both before and after losing their religion, whereas SDO declined only postdeconversion. These results suggest that religious conversion precedes increases in RWA (but not SDO), and that declines in RWA precede deconversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this research was to analyze and correlate the length of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) with significant clinical parameters using multi-slice CT (MSCT). Materials and Methods: 1500 patients (851 males and 649 females; mean age 57.38 ± 11.03 [SD]; age range: 5–85 years) who underwent MSCT scans from September 2020 to March 2022 were retrospectively included. The data were applied to generate three-dimensional (3D) simulations of a coronary tree using the syngo.via post-processing workstation. The reconstructed images were then interpreted, and the collected data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The results showed 1206 (80.4%) cases with medium LMCA, 133 (8.9%) with long LMCA, and 161 (10.7%) with short LMCA. The average diameter of LMCA at its midpoint was 4.69 ± 0.74 mm. The most frequent type of division of LMCA was bifurcation in 1076 (71.7%) cases; in 424 (28.3%) cases, the LMCA was divided into three or more branches. The dominance was right in 1339 (89.3%), left in 78 (5.2%), and co-dominant in 83 (5.5%) cases. There was a positive correlation between the length and branching patterns of LMCA, χ2 = 113.993, P = 0.000 (< 0.05). Other variables like age, sex, diameter of LMCA, and coronary dominance did not show any significant correlation. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated a significant association between the length and the branching pattern of LMCA, which may be essential in diagnosing and treating coronary artery patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People living with borderline personality disorder (BPD) face high levels of prejudice and discrimination from both the community and medical professionals, but no measure of prejudice toward people living with BPD exists. Aims: The current study aimed to adapt an existing Prejudice toward People with Mental Illness (PPMI) scale and investigate the structure and nomological network of prejudice toward people with BPD. Methods: The original 28-item PPMI scale was adapted to create the Prejudice toward People with Borderline Personality Disorder (PPBPD) scale. The scale and related measures were completed by three samples: 217 medical or clinical psychology students, 303 psychology undergraduate students, and 314 adults from the general population. Results: The original four-factor structure of the PPMI was supported in the PPBPD scale. Reported prejudice toward people with BPD was more negative than prejudice toward people with mental illness in general. The association of the PPBPD scale with antecedents and consequences was assessed, including social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, ethnocentrism, personality traits, empathy, prior contact, and feelings toward other stigmatized groups and mental illnesses. Conclusions: This study provided evidence for the validity and psychometric properties of the PPBPD scale across three samples and investigated anticipated relationships with theoretically related antecedents and consequences. This research will help improve understanding of the expressions underlying prejudice toward people with BPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In collaborative haptic training systems, a novice operator is interfaced with an expert operator and cooperatively performs some task on a real/virtual environment. Most control architectures for collaborative haptic training systems do not consider the switching task dominance together with investigating overall stability in the presence of nonlinear dynamics and uncertainty. In this paper, a theoretical framework is presented for switching task dominance in collaborative haptic training systems based on supervision and intervention of the expert operator. To that effect, the novice operator performs the operation with as little as possible interference haptic signals in the normal operational conditions. On the other hand, the expert operator is able to intervene the operation to guide the novice operator when it is necessary. The most challenging part of controller design for such systems is to provide the mentioned supervisory framework in a way that the stability of interaction between the operators and the system is ensured with acceptable task performance in various operational conditions. This work offers a variable‐gain dual robust control scheme to address the above problem. The key idea is that the tracking gain of each controller is adjusted in real‐time to switch the task authorities. It is verified that the input‐to‐state stability property is satisfied for each subsystem. Then, the overall stability is proved by leveraging the small gain theorem. Finally, the functionality and performance of the suggested control architecture is demonstrated through simulation and experimental studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dominance rank is a vital descriptor of social dynamics in animal societies and regularly used in studies to explain observed interaction patterns. However, researchers can choose between different indices and standardizations, and can specify dyadic rank relations differently when studying interaction distributions. These researcher degrees of freedom potentially introduce biases into studies and reduce replicability. Here, I demonstrate the impact of researcher choices by comparing the performance of different combinations of rank index, standardization, and model specification when explaining dyadic interaction patterns in sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys atys). I show that while no combination consistently performed best across interaction types (aggression, grooming, proximity, supplants), model specifications allowing for nonlinear patterns performed better than other models on average. Choices made in pre-processing and model building impacted model performance and subsequent interpretation of results. Researchers could end up describing social systems differently based on the same data. These results highlight the impact of researcher choices in the processing of behavioural data and potential limitations when using indirect species comparisons in animal behaviour research. To increase repeatability, researchers could make the impact of their processing choices more transparent and report results using a variety of indices and model specifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Siblings strongly influence each other in their social development and are a major source of support and conflict. Yet, studies are mostly observational, and little is known about how adult sibling relationships influence social behavior. Previous tasks exploring dynamically adjusting social interactions have limitations in the level of interactivity and naturalism of the interaction. To address these limitations, we created a cooperative tetris puzzle-solving task and an interactive version of the chicken game task. We validated these two tasks to study cooperative and competitive behavior in real-time interactions (N = 56). Based on a dominance questionnaire (DoPL), sibling pairs were clustered into pairs that were both low in dominance (n = 7), both high in dominance (n = 8), or one low and one high in dominance (n = 13). Consistent with our hypothesis, there were significantly more mutual defections, less use of turn-taking strategies, and a non-significant trend for reduced success in solving tetris puzzles together among high dominance pairs compared to both other pair types. High dominant pairs also had higher Machiavellian and hypercompetitiveness traits and more apathetic sibling relationships. Both tasks constitute powerful and reliable tools to study personality and relationship influences on real and natural social interactions by demonstrating the different cooperative and competitive dynamics between siblings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new study shows that bearded dragons have a peculiar way to coordinate sleep state changes between brain hemispheres. The hemisphere that acts first imposes its activity on the other during their REM sleep-like state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secure dominance is a significant proportion of dominance which plays vital role in communication networks. In this article, we present and analyze an idea of the secured neutrosophic dominance and totally neutrosophic dominance number of neutrosophic graphs primarily based on strong arcs and the properties of both notions are studied. The terms 2- neutrosophic dominance number, 2- secured neutrosophic dominance variety, 2- totally neutrosophic dominance, and 2- secured neutrosophic dominance number also are defined. Some of their theoretical properties are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of the self on memory processes has been extensively investigated (the self-reference effect) both explicitly (trait-rating paradigm) and implicitly (ownership paradigm). The groups that are closely related to the self are an important part of self-concept, and group-reference facilitated recall to the same extent as self-referencing using trait-rating paradigm. The current research employed an ownership procedure to investigate the impact of group ownership on memory using the participants' family served as the reference group. In both experiments, participants were asked to sort items into baskets that belonged to their family or a fictitious family. A subsequent recognition test showed that there was a significant memory advantage for objects that owned by their family, and the ownership effect was found in remember, but not know, responses. This finding suggests that transient ingroup-ownership of items had a significant memory dominance effect, and the enhancing effect of ownership leads to recollective experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking into account the definition of the precore, we initially analyze its non-emptiness using duality results from linear programming theory. We then introduce the dominance core to investigate the coincident relations between the precore and dominance core. Finally, we propose specific reduction approaches to axiomatize the precore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]