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C-FOG is a comprehensive bi-national project dealing with the formation, persistence, and dissipation (life cycle) of fog in coastal areas (coastal fog) controlled by land, marine, and atmospheric processes. Given its inherent complexity, coastal-fog literature has mainly focused on case studies, and there is a continuing need for research that integrates across processes (e.g., air–sea–land interactions, environmental flow, aerosol transport, and chemistry), dynamics (two-phase flow and turbulence), microphysics (nucleation, droplet characterization), and thermodynamics (heat transfer and phase changes) through field observations and modeling. Central to C-FOG was a field campaign in eastern Canada from 1 September to 8 October 2018, covering four land sites in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia and an adjacent coastal strip transected by the Research Vessel Hugh R. Sharp. An array of in situ, path-integrating, and remote sensing instruments gathered data across a swath of space–time scales relevant to fog life cycle. Satellite and reanalysis products, routine meteorological observations, numerical weather prediction model (WRF and COAMPS) outputs, large-eddy simulations, and phenomenological modeling underpin the interpretation of field observations in a multiscale and multiplatform framework that helps identify and remedy numerical model deficiencies. An overview of the C-FOG field campaign and some preliminary analysis/findings are presented in this paper.

Fungi have an exceptional capability to flourish in presence of heavy metals and pesticide. However, the cue for mycoremediation of pesticide (lindane) and multimetal (mixture of cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, zinc) by a fungus is little understood. In the present study, Aspergillus fumigatus, a filamentous fungus was found to accumulate heavy metals in the order [Zn(98%)>Pb(95%)>Cd(63%)>Cr(62%)>Ni(46%)>Cu(37%)] from a cocktail of 30 mg/L multimetal and lindane (30 mg/L) in a composite media amended with 1% glucose. Particularly, Pb and Zn uptake was enhanced in presence of lindane. Remarkably, lindane was degraded to 1.92 ± 0.01 mg/L in 72 h which is below the permissible limit value (2.0 mg/L) for the discharge of lindane into the aquatic bodies as prescribed by European Community legislation. The utilization of lindane as a cometabolite from the complex environment was evident by the phenomenal growth of the fungal pellet biomass (5.89 ± 0.03 g/L) at 72 h with cube root growth constant of fungus (0.0211 g1/3 L−1/3 h−1) compared to the biomasses obtained in case of the biotic control as well as in presence of multimetal complex without lindane. The different analytical techniques revealed the various stress coping strategies adopted by A. fumigatus for multimetal uptake in the simultaneous presence of multimetal and pesticide. TEM coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis results deduced uptake of Cd, Cu and Pb in the cytoplasmic membrane while the metals Cr, Ni and Zn accumulated in the cytoplasm of the fungus. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed involvement of carboxyl/amide group of fungal cell wall in metal chelation. Thus A. fumigatus exhibited biosorption and bioaccumulation as the mechanisms involved in detoxification of multimetals.

Yamuna is the main river for the water resources and irrigation purposes in the National Capital region Delhi. The whole Yamuna pusta region is occupied for agricultural practices. In the present study, water, soil and crop of Yamuna has been collected from 15 different sites of Delhi at regular interval and analysed for the heavy metals name of Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni, Pb, Zn and various physico- chemical properties. There is a high significant correlation found between Copper-Lead, Copper –Zinc, Copper-Nickel, Nickel-Lead and Lead-Zinc. The metal contamination was found very high in the soil situated near Yamuna irrigated with irrigation water having heavy metal contamination. The metal got accumulated in soil and then bio accumulated by the crops grown on the contaminated agricultural field.