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Context.--Nonuterine high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) are believed to arise most often from precursors in the fallopian tube referred to as serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs). A designation of tubal origin has been suggested for all cases of nonuterine HGSC if a STIC is identified. Objective.--To highlight that many different types of nongynecologic and gynecologic carcinomas, including HGSC, can metastasize to the tubal mucosa and mimic de novo STIC. Data Sources.--A mini-review of several recently published studies that collectively examine STIC-like lesions of the fallopian tube. Conclusions.--The fallopian tube mucosa can be a site of metastasis from carcinomas arising elsewhere, and pathologists should exercise caution in diagnosing STIC without first considering the possibility of metastasis. Routinely used immunohistochemical stains can often be used to determine if a STIC-like lesion is tubal or nongynecologic in origin. In the context of uterine and nonuterine HGSC, STIC may represent a metastasis rather than the site of origin, particularly when widespread disease is present. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2017; 141:1313-1315; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0231-RA), Worldwide, ovarian carcinoma is the seventh most common cancer and the eighth most common cause of death from cancer in women. (1) High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common [...]

A 4 years field study was conducted to improve nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) use efficiencies in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and precision N management. Split plot design was employed to rationalize N and P fertilizer use in two different experiments with AMF in the main plot and fertilizer application practice in the subplots. The AMF seed coating improved mycorrhization, root dry weight and P uptake. AMF coating of wheat seeds improved mean grain yield and agronomic efficiency of applied P fertilizer (AEP) by 11% and 55.4%, respectively. However, AMF seed coating did not improve chlorophyll content, normalized difference vegetative index, grain yield and agronomic efficiency of applied N fertilizer (AEN). Precision N management using leaf color chart (LCC), chlorophyll meter (SPAD), and GreenSeeker optical sensor (GS) sustained wheat grain yield equivalent to the soil-test based N fertilizer recommendation with 20–31 kg ha−1 less fertilizer N. Proximal sensing guided N use improved AEN by 21.9%–39.6% while mitigating global warming potential by 16%–24%. Integrated use of AMF seed coating and precision N management provides a potential solution to improve N and P nutrition and reduce environmental footprints of fertilizer N use in wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanomedicine or nanotechnology exhibits outstanding features to challenge severe health issues including pathogenic viral infections, the most culpable invaders in the present situation. The perpetual mutational pattern in viruses topped with raising resistance to drug epitomizes the current situation as a trigger to explore nanotech platforms in antiviral therapies. Referring to novel physicochemical features of nanomaterials associated with effective drug delivery, it is viewed as an ideal strategy for treatment of viral infections. The coronavirus induced pathogenesis, including MERS, SARS and SARS-CoV-2 infections, has triggered alarming and highly dangerous precedents against existence of humans. Applications of nanotechnology can serve a new direction for disinfection or treatment of viruses. Presently, various types of nanomaterials, such as nanogels, nanospheres, nanocapsules, liposomes, nanoparticles and many others, that have been investigated in vivo and in vitro for successful drug delivery, vaccination, diagnostic assay and device development with anticipation to be translated in advanced clinical practices, need a collective relook. This paper intents to contribute insightful critique of current studies on the efficacy of nanoplatforms as drug transporter, diagnostic tool and vaccine candidate against pathogenic viruses counting the highly pathogenic and incurable "coronaviruses". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As microbes are 3.5x109 years old dominant species prevailing on this earth in varied places even with temperatures ranging from 10-100°C. Soil life has a continuous interface between minerals and the organic life. The microorganisms regulate the physio-chemical and other biological properties of the ecosystem. The microbial community residing in the soil is, directly and indirectly, involved in various processes like the biogeochemical cycles, symbioses and nutrient recycling. Therefore, to understand the role of these minute creatures in the soil, their microbial diversity plays a critical role. Numerous techniques have been developed to unravel the information about the microbial community. The molecular techniques have made the identification of novel microorganisms convenient and robust. Hence, this review aims to highlight the importance of microbes and microbial diversity and discuss the molecular methods for gaining better insight into the microbes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a fatal and severe disease to the humankind. There are various potent and effective sources such as natural herbs which have various bioactive compounds to combat cancer. Zingiber officinale is a perennial herb of the Zingiberaceae family having various medicinal properties as well as anti-oxidant potential. The active secondary metabolites in the ginger contribute to its anti-oxidant and anti-cancer property. Various methods are used in detecting how ginger can be used as an agent to combat diseases. Cytotoxicity and antioxidant assays provide the idea about the cell-viability and anti-oxidant property of ginger. When the production of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) increases in the body, it can have various negative impacts. To nullify these impacts, ginger extract is effective on the cells. The cytotoxic nature and anti-proliferative properties of ginger directly contribute to various cellular mechanisms such as apoptosis which have a significant impact on cancer cells. The results also describe the effect of ginger on free radicals. It is concluded that ginger can be used as an alternative source of anti-cancer drugs as it has been proved to be effective in multiple studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Excessive application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer in cereal crops not only decreases the N use efficiency but also accelerates greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Aim: To improve N use efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using precision N management and coating seeds with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Methods: Field experiment laid out in split‐plot design was conducted to study the role of AMF consortia (four species) seed coating and different precision N management strategies in rationalizing fertilizer N use. Results: The AMF seed coating improved mycorrhization but did not improve N assimilation, grain yield, root weight, N uptake, chlorophyll value, normalized difference vegetative index, and physiological efficiency (PEN) of applied N fertilizer. The benefits of AMF seed coating in improving N assimilation were not visible even in no‐N treatment. Precision N management using leaf color chart (LCC), chlorophyll meter (SPAD), and GreenSeeker optical sensor (GS) sustained wheat grain yield equivalent to the soil‐test based N fertilizer recommendation with the average savings of 20% N fertilizer. Precision N management strategies improved mean recovery efficiency (REN) and partial factor productivity (PFPN) of applied N fertilizer, respectively by 26.0% and 26.4% over the soil‐test based N management. Spectral properties measured with LCC, SPAD and GS showed good correlation (R2 > 0.71) with grain yield, depicting great potential of optical sensing tools in predicting grain yield and inferring need‐based fertilizer N topdressings decisions in wheat. Conclusions: Precision N management provides a potential solution to improve N nutrition in wheat while reducing nitrous oxide (N2O) and total GHG emissions by 23.2 and 23.6%, respectively, in comparison to soil‐test based N application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Review delves into gut microbiome's role in Alzheimer's modulation. • Dysbiosis linked to neuroinflammation, amyloid beta aggregation, and oxidative stress. • Complex mechanisms involve microbial metabolites, immune signaling, permeability, and vagus nerve. • Probiotic exopolysaccharides protect neurons, inhibit amyloid beta, and improve memory in Alzheimer's models. The effects of the gut microbiome on the brain and the mechanisms of gut-brain communication have been popular research topics for the past few decades. The term gut-brain axis (GBA) evolved to illustrate how the gut and gut microbiota communicate with the brain. The gut-brain axis is an interplay of the neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways that help to maintain the brain's homeostasis. Several groups have reported that gut dysbiosis is significantly associated with neuroinflammation, aggregation of amyloid beta, and an increase in oxidative stress during Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding the exact mechanism of how the gut microbiome influences brain function may help develop new therapeutic modalities for AD. This review highlights the functioning of the gut microbiome in AD pathogenesis, the potential beneficial effects of probiotic exopolysaccharides as therapeutic molecules, and the potential benefits of probiotic exopolysaccharides (EPS) as a ray of hope in treating AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]