416 results on '"Shuwei Liu"'
Search Results
202. Additional file 7: of Small RNA and degradome sequencing used to elucidate the basis of tolerance to salinity and alkalinity in wheat
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Huanan Han, Wang, Qi, Wei, Lin, Liang, Yu, Jiulan Dai, Guangmin Xia, and Shuwei Liu
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Table S4. The â novelâ miRNAs with homologs in other species. (DOCX 13 kb)
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
203. Human Fetal Brain Connectome: Structural Network Development from Middle Fetal Stage to Birth
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Virendra Mishra, Qinmu Peng, Hao Huang, Minhui Ouyang, Shuwei Liu, Limei Song, and Michelle Slinger
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0301 basic medicine ,middle fetal stage ,brain development ,Network reconfiguration ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,White matter ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Fetal Stage ,fetal brain connectome ,medicine ,Global efficiency ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,white matter fibers ,Original Research ,Fetus ,migration pathway ,General Neuroscience ,structural network ,diffusion tensor imaging ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Human fetal ,Connectome ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
Complicated molecular and cellular processes take place in a spatiotemporally heterogeneous and precisely regulated pattern in the human fetal brain, yielding not only dramatic morphological and microstructural changes, but also macroscale connectomic transitions. As the underlying substrate of the fetal brain structural network, both dynamic neuronal migration pathways and rapid developing fetal white matter (WM) fibers could fundamentally reshape early fetal brain connectome. Quantifying structural connectome development can not only shed light on the brain reconfiguration in this critical yet rarely studied developmental period, but also reveal alterations of the connectome under neuropathological conditions. However, transition of the structural connectome from the mid-fetal stage to birth is not yet known. The contribution of different types of neural fibers to the structural network in the mid-fetal brain is not known, either. In this study, diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI or DTI) of 10 fetal brain specimens at the age of 20 postmenstrual weeks (PMW), 12 in vivo brains at 35 PMW, and 12 in vivo brains at term (40 PMW) were acquired. The structural connectome of each brain was established with evenly parcellated cortical regions as network nodes and traced fiber pathways based on DTI tractography as network edges. Two groups of fibers were categorized based on the fiber terminal locations in the cerebral wall in the 20 PMW fetal brains. We found that fetal brain networks become stronger and more efficient during 20–40 PMW. Furthermore, network strength and global efficiency increase more rapidly during 20–35 PMW than during 35–40 PMW. Visualization of the whole brain fiber distribution by the lengths suggested that the network reconfiguration in this developmental period could be associated with a significant increase of major long association WM fibers. In addition, non-WM neural fibers could be a major contributor to the structural network configuration at 20 PMW and small-world network organization could exist as early as 20 PMW. These findings offer a preliminary record of the fetal brain structural connectome maturation from the middle fetal stage to birth and reveal the critical role of non-WM neural fibers in structural network configuration in the middle fetal stage.
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- 2017
204. Optimization of Hot-Wire Airflow Sensors on an Out-of-Plane Glass Bubble for 2-D Detection
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Fei Xue, Jianmin Miao, Lin Nay, Shuwei Liu, Shanshan Pan, and Leslie K. Norford
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Fabrication ,Materials science ,Silicon ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Mechanical Engineering ,Bubble ,Airflow ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Condensed Matter::Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Computer Science::Other ,law.invention ,Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter ,chemistry ,Anodic bonding ,law ,Etching (microfabrication) ,Wafer ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Resistor ,Composite material - Abstract
This paper presents design, analysis, fabrication, and measurement of airflow sensors with three hot-wire resistors on an out-of-plane glass bubble. The fabrication process is based on etching cavities in silicon wafer, followed by anodic bonding of a thin Pyrex glass wafer to the etched silicon wafer. The bonded wafers are then heated inside a furnace at a temperature above the softening point of the glass, and because of the expansion of the trapped gas in the silicon cavities, the glass is blown into three-dimensional (3-D) spherical glass bubbles. Resistors patterned on the glass wafer above the cavities are elevated above the base during the glass bubble blowing process. An optimization analysis on the structure and geometry of the sensor, fabrication process, and properties of multilayer thin-film resistors on glass has been conducted in an attempt to improve the sensitivity. [2014-0177]
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- 2015
205. Response of soil carbon dioxide fluxes, soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon to biochar amendment: a meta-analysis
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Yaguo Jin, Yaojun Zhang, Zhiqiang Hu, Yajie Zong, Jianwen Zou, Shuang Wu, Jie Zhou, and Shuwei Liu
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Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Soil texture ,Compost ,Amendment ,Forestry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Soil carbon ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Manure ,Slash-and-char ,Agronomy ,Soil water ,Biochar ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,engineering ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Biochar as a carbon-rich coproduct of pyrolyzing biomass, its amendment has been advocated as a potential strategy to soil carbon (C) sequestration. Updated data derived from 50 papers with 395 paired observations were reviewed using meta-analysis procedures to examine responses of soil carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes, soil organic C (SOC), and soil microbial biomass C (MBC) contents to biochar amendment. When averaged across all studies, biochar amendment had no significant effect on soil CO2 fluxes, but it significantly enhanced SOC content by 40% and MBC content by 18%. A positive response of soil CO2 fluxes to biochar amendment was found in rice paddies, laboratory incubation studies, soils without vegetation, and unfertilized soils. Biochar amendment significantly increased soil MBC content in field studies, N-fertilized soils, and soils with vegetation. Enhancement of SOC content following biochar amendment was the greatest in rice paddies among different land-use types. Responses of soil CO2 fluxes and MBC to biochar amendment varied with soil texture and pH. The use of biochar in combination with synthetic N fertilizer and waste compost fertilizer led to the greatest increases in soil CO2 fluxes and MBC content, respectively. Both soil CO2 fluxes and MBC responses to biochar amendment decreased with biochar application rate, pyrolysis temperature, or C/N ratio of biochar, while each increased SOC content enhancement. Among different biochar feedstock sources, positive responses of soil CO2 fluxes and MBC were the highest for manure and crop residue feedstock sources, respectively. Soil CO2 flux responses to biochar amendment decreased with pH of biochar, while biochars with pH of 8.1–9.0 had the greatest enhancement of SOC and MBC contents. Therefore, soil properties, land-use type, agricultural practice, and biochar characteristics should be taken into account to assess the practical potential of biochar for mitigating climate change.
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- 2015
206. Asymmetries of the central sulcus in young adults: Effects of gender, age and sulcal pattern
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Bo Sun, Haitao Ge, Junhai Xu, Zhongyu Hou, Yuchun Tang, Xiangtao Lin, and Shuwei Liu
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Adult ,Male ,Aging ,Adolescent ,Brain mapping ,Functional Laterality ,Lateralization of brain function ,Young Adult ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Young adult ,Right hemisphere ,Cerebral Cortex ,Brain Mapping ,Sex Characteristics ,Anatomy ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Central sulcus ,Sexual dimorphism ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,Analysis of variance ,Psychology ,Developmental Biology ,Sex characteristics - Abstract
In this study, we clarified the gender and age-related asymmetries of the central sulcus (CS) in early adulthood using a parametric ribbon method. The CS was reconstructed and parameterized automatically from 3D MR images of 112 healthy right-handed subjects. The 3D anatomic morphology of the CS was presented using 5 sulcal parameters, including sulcal depth position-based profile (DPP), average depth (AD), average width (AW), top length (TL) and bottom length (BL). Asymmetry differences in DPPs were found in the medial and lateral part of the CS. In addition, significant gender differences were observed in the medial and middle parts of the right CS DPPs but scattered in the left side. We found leftward asymmetries of TL in males, but rightward asymmetries of AW in females. Males had a greater AW than females in the right hemisphere. Moreover, the females had bilateral longer TL and a longer left BL than did males. We also found significant age-related reductions in bilateral TL and increases in bilateral AW, with males presenting more obvious age-related change than females. There were sexual differences of the CS patterns, in which Type b was the most dominant sulcal pattern in males, whereas Type a was dominant in females. Three-way ANOVA revealed sexual and asymmetry changes of TL and BL among different CS patterns. Our findings indicate that the lateralization performances of the CS manifest as sexually and regionally different. In addition, it is suggested that males may undergo a faster progress of aging compared to females.
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- 2015
207. Clinicopathological significance and potential drug targeting of CDH1 in lung cancer: a meta-analysis and literature review
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Qiaowen Yu, Liangan Chen, Shuwei Liu, and Qisen Guo
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Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lung Neoplasms ,Tumor suppressor gene ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Biology ,CDH1 ,Metastasis ,Drug Delivery Systems ,Antigens, CD ,Internal medicine ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,odds ratio ,Humans ,tumor suppressor gene ,Lung cancer ,Gene ,Original Research ,Pharmacology ,Drug Design, Development and Therapy ,Cancer ,Methylation ,medicine.disease ,Cadherins ,meta-analysis ,lung cancer ,Meta-analysis ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,methylation - Abstract
Qiaowen Yu,1 Qisen Guo,2 Liangan Chen,3 Shuwei Liu1 1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, 2Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, 3Department of Respiratory Diseases, People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Background: CDH1 is a protein encoded by the CDH1 gene in humans. Mutations in this gene are linked with several types of cancer. Loss of CDH1 function contributes to the progression of cancer by increasing proliferation, invasion, and/or metastasis. However, the association between and clinicopathological significance of CDH1 promoter methylation and lung cancer remains unclear. In this study, we systematically reviewed the studies of CDH1 promoter methylation and lung cancer, and evaluated the association between CDH1 promoter methylation and lung cancer using meta-analysis methods.Methods: A comprehensive search of the PubMed and Embase databases was performed up to July 2014. The methodological quality of the studies was also evaluated. The data were extracted and assessed by two reviewers independently. Analyses of pooled data were performed. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated and summarized.Results: Finally, an analysis of 866 patients with non-small cell lung cancer from 13 eligible studies was performed. The CDH1 methylation level in the cancer group was significantly higher than in the controls (OR 3.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.87–5.27, P
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- 2015
208. An optimizing model to solve the nesting problem of rectangle pieces based on genetic algorithm
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Lang Huang, Shuwei Liu, Xixing Li, Shunsheng Guo, Hongtao Tang, and Li Li
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0209 industrial biotechnology ,Mathematical optimization ,021103 operations research ,Fitness function ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Process (computing) ,Nesting (process) ,02 engineering and technology ,Horizontal line test ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Artificial Intelligence ,Search algorithm ,Genetic algorithm ,Largest empty rectangle ,Rectangle ,Algorithm ,Software ,Mathematics - Abstract
In the process of cement equipment manufacturing, the demand of rectangle pieces of steel structure is very large. The traditional manual nesting, which is simply cutting by hand-making according to the arrangement of the number and size, causes the low efficiency and material wasting. To solve the problem above, this paper proposes an optimizing model for nesting problem of rectangle pieces. Firstly, with the aim of the maximum utilization ratio of the sheet, the optimization mathematical model for nesting problem of rectangle pieces is established. The lowest horizontal line searching algorithm is described in detail. Secondly, the mathematical model is solved to get the optimal solution by the combination of genetic algorithm and the lowest horizontal line searching algorithm. In the solution process, this paper presents the methods of gene encoding and decoding, definition of fitness function, the design of genetic operators and the design of algorithm operating parameters. Finally, we use one sheet as an example to illustrate the proposed model and algorithm process. Experimental results have shown that the proposed approach is able to achieve rectangle pieces nesting with the maximum material utilization ratio.
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- 2015
209. Sectional anatomy of the abducens nerve: according to 3D-SPACE magnetic resonance sequences correlated with cryosectional specimens
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Shutao Liu, Shuwei Liu, Xiangtao Lin, Lei Feng, Zhonghe Zhang, Haitao Ge, Changhu Liang, Yuchun Tang, Chao Li, Cheng Liu, and Bo Sun
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Adult ,Cryopreservation ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Anatomy ,equipment and supplies ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Healthy Volunteers ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Sectional Anatomy ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,Abducens Nerve ,3d space ,Humans ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Surgery ,business ,human activities ,Abducens nerve - Abstract
To identify and justify the best section to reveal each segment of the abducens nerve according to 3D-SPACE magnetic resonance sequences and correlate with cryosectional specimens.Thirty-four healthy adults were recruited for MRI using a 3D-SPACE sequence. Eighteen adult head specimens were cut into serial transverse, sagittal and coronal section using an electric band saw after the specimens were frozen. The MRI characteristics and the anatomical features of the abducens nerve were analyzed by correlation with the cryosection.We divided the abducens nerve into five segments, the cisternal segment, Dorello canal (DC) segment, cavernous sinus (CS) segment, superior orbital fissure (SOF) segment and intraorbital segment. In the transverse sections, the detection rates for the cisternal and Dorello canal segments of the abducens nerve were 97.06 and 94.12 %, respectively, on 3D-SPACE MR images. In the sagittal section of the frozen specimens, only the cisternal segment of the abducens nerve could be observed, and its detection rate was 51.50 %. In the coronal section, the CS segment of the abducens nerve was located inferior lateral to the ICA as well as, inferior to the oculomotor and trochlear nerves, and the detection rate of the CS segment was 42.60 % on 3D-SPACE MR images.3D-SPACE sequence MR scanning was a useful method for observing the cisternal and DC segment of the abducens nerve in a transverse section, observing the cisternal segment in a sagittal section and observing the CS segment in a coronal section.
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- 2015
210. Genetic and Epigenetic Changes in Somatic Hybrid Introgression Lines Between Wheat and Tall Wheatgrass
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Suiyun Chen, Lumin Qin, Fei Li, Guangmin Xia, Lina Kong, Yang Sun, Shuwei Liu, Yinghua Huang, and Haifeng Cui
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Genetics ,Regulation of gene expression ,Retroelements ,biology ,Chimera ,Somatic cell ,Karyotype ,food and beverages ,Introgression ,Retrotransposon ,DNA Methylation ,Hybrid Cells ,Investigations ,biology.organism_classification ,Chromatin ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Somatic fusion ,DNA methylation ,Epigenetics ,Thinopyrum ponticum ,Gene Deletion ,Triticum - Abstract
Broad phenotypic variations were induced in derivatives of an asymmetric somatic hybridization of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum Podp); however, how these variations occurred was unknown. We explored the nature of these variations by cytogenetic assays and DNA profiling techniques to characterize six genetically stable somatic introgression lines. Karyotyping results show the six lines similar to their wheat parent, but GISH analysis identified the presence of a number of short introgressed tall wheatgrass chromatin segments. DNA profiling revealed many genetic and epigenetic differences, including sequences deletions, altered regulation of gene expression, changed patterns of cytosine methylation, and the reactivation of retrotransposons. Phenotypic variations appear to result from altered repetitive sequences combined with the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and/or retrotransposon transposition. The extent of genetic and epigenetic variation due to the maintenance of parent wheat cells in tissue culture was assessed and shown to be considerably lower than had been induced in the introgression lines. Asymmetric somatic hybridization provides appropriate material to explore the nature of the genetic and epigenetic variations induced by genomic shock.
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- 2015
211. Cu
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Rui, Ge, Min, Lin, Xing, Li, Shuwei, Liu, Wenjing, Wang, Shuyao, Li, Xue, Zhang, Yi, Liu, Lidi, Liu, Feng, Shi, Hongchen, Sun, Hao, Zhang, and Bai, Yang
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Indoles ,Polymers ,Nanoparticles ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Abstract
Cancer multimodal treatment by combining the effects of different theranostics agents can efficiently improve treatment efficacy and reduce side effects. In this work, we demonstrate the theranostics nanodevices on the basis of Cu
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- 2017
212. Insights into the mercury(II) adsorption and binding mechanism onto several typical soils in China
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Yandong Gan, Jiulan Dai, Shuwei Liu, Xiuhong Ding, Renqing Wang, and Yuncong Li
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Langmuir ,China ,Surface Properties ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Inorganic chemistry ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Soil ,Adsorption ,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ,Coordination Complexes ,Environmental Chemistry ,Soil Pollutants ,Organic matter ,Freundlich equation ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,Particle Size ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Mercury Compounds ,Oxides ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Models, Theoretical ,Pollution ,chemistry ,Soil water ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Clay minerals - Abstract
To better understand the Hg(II) adsorption by some typical soils and explore the insights about the binding between Hg(II) and soils, a batch of adsorption and characteristic experiments was conducted. Results showed that Hg(II) adsorption was well fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich. The maximum adsorption amount of cinnamon soil (2094.73 mg kg−1) was nearly tenfold as much as that of saline soil (229.49 mg kg−1). The specific adsorption of Hg(II) on four soil surface was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) owing to the change of elemental bonding energy after adsorption. However, the specific adsorption is mainly derived from some substances in the soil. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) demonstrated that multiple oxygen-containing functional groups (O–H, C=O, and C–O) were involved in the Hg(II) adsorption, and the content of oxygen functional groups determined the adsorption capacity of the soil. Meanwhile, scanning electron microscopy combined with X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM–EDS) more intuitive revealed the binding of mercury to organic matter, metal oxides, and clay minerals in the soil and fundamentally confirmed the results of XPS and FTIR to further elucidate adsorptive phenomena. The complexation with oxygen-containing functional groups and the precipitation with minerals were likely the primary mechanisms for Hg(II) adsorption on several typical soils. This study is critical in understanding the transportation of Hg(II) in different soils and discovering potential preventative measures.
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- 2017
213. Characterisation of low molecular weight glutenin subunit genes from Pseudoroegneria spicata and Pd. strigosa
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Daozheng Yang, Guangmin Xia, Shuwei Liu, Lumin Qin, and Yu Liang
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Genetics ,Signal peptide ,Unequal crossing over ,Glutens ,biology ,Sequence analysis ,Protein subunit ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Protein primary structure ,food and beverages ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,General Medicine ,Genes, Plant ,Poaceae ,Molecular Weight ,Protein Subunits ,Glutenin ,biology.protein ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Peptide sequence ,Gene ,Phylogeny - Abstract
We report the characterisation of nine novel low molecular weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) genes from two Pseudoroegneria species, Pd. spicata and Pd. strigosa. We found that all nine LMW-GS genes possess the same primary structure shared by other published LMW-GS. Five genes encode LMW-i type subunits, three encode LMW-m type subunits and one encodes a peptide similar to B-3 hordeins of Hordeum chilense. No LMW-s type subunit genes were found in Pseudoroegneria. One subunit, PSt24-LMW-2, contains six conserved cysteine residues, and the other eight subunits all contain eight cysteine residues. We show that one cysteine residue is located in the signal peptide of PSt24-LMW-1, suggesting a mature peptide containing only seven cysteine residues. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the LMW-GS genes from the St genome cluster together and suggests a distant relationship with LMW-GS of the A and B genomes of wheat. Slippage/unequal crossing over and illegitimate recombination are effective mechanisms for enriching variations of seed storage proteins.
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- 2014
214. Annual net greenhouse gas balance in a halophyte (Helianthus tuberosus) bioenergy cropping system under various soil practices in Southeast China
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Cong Wang, Zhiqiang Hu, Chun Zhao, Jianwen Zou, Yaojun Zhang, Shuwei Liu, Yajie Zong, and Ling Zhang
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Crop residue ,Soil salinity ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Primary production ,Forestry ,Soil carbon ,Carbon sequestration ,Tillage ,Agronomy ,Greenhouse gas ,Environmental science ,Cropping system ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
A full accounting of net greenhouse gas balance (NGHGB) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) was examined in an annual coastal reclaimed saline Jerusalem artichoke-fallow cropping system under various soil practices including soil tillage, soil ameliorant, and crop residue amendments. Seasonal fluxes of soil carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured using static chamber method, and the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) was determined by the difference between soil heterotrophic respiration (RH) and net primary production (NPP). Relative to no-tillage, rotary tillage significantly decreased the NPP of Jerusalem artichoke while it had no significant effects on the annual RH. Rotary tillage increased CH4 emissions, while seasonal or annual soil N2O emissions did not statistically differ between the two tillage treatments. Compared with the control plots, soil ameliorant or straw amendment enhanced RH, soil CH4, and N2O emissions under the both tillage regimes. Annual NGHGB was negative for all the field treatments, as a consequence of net ecosystem CO2 sequestration exceeding the CO2-equivalents released as CH4 and N2O emissions, which indicates that Jerusalem artichoke-fallow cropping system served as a net sink of GHGs. The annual net NGHGB and GHGI were estimated to be 11–21% and 4–8% lower in the NT than in RT cropping systems, respectively. Soil ameliorant and straw amendments greatly increased NPP and thus significantly decreased the negative annual net NGHGB. Overall, higher NPP but lower climatic impacts of coastal saline bioenergy production would be simultaneously achieved by Jerusalem artichoke cultivation under no-tillage with improved saline soil conditions in southeast China.
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- 2014
215. Increasing breadth of the frontal lobe but decreasing height of the human brain between two Chinese samples from a Neolithic site and from living humans
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Chao Liu, Jinfeng Zhan, Tao Shan, Junhai Xu, Shuwei Liu, Shihai Ding, Zhonghe Zhang, Qiaowen Yu, Shaoyu Wang, Rong Fan, Yuan Leng, Fen Wang, Yuchun Tang, Haiwei Meng, Haiyan Tang, Xinting Ge, Lingzhong Fan, Hongtu Yuan, Haitao Ge, and Huafu Sun
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Sexual dimorphism ,Paleontology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Frontal lobe ,Evolutionary biology ,Anthropology ,medicine ,Human brain ,Anatomy ,Biology ,Endocast ,Epigenetic Change ,Phys anthropol - Abstract
Morphological observation and measurements of endocasts have played a vital role in research on the evolution of the human brain. However, endocasts have never been used to investigate how the human brain has evolved since the Neolithic period. We investigated the evolution of the human brain during the Holocene by comparing virtual endocasts from Beiqian site (a Neolithic Chinese site) and a sample of Chinese modern-day humans. Standardized measurements and indices were taken to provide quantification of the overall endocast shape, including the length, breadth, height, frontal breadth, and the ratio of frontal breadth to breadth, as well as the cranial capacity. We found that the height of the endocasts and cranial capacity have decreased between our two samples, whereas the frontal breadth and sexual dimorphism have increased. We argue that these changes can be caused by random genetic mutation and epigenetic change in response to changes in the environment. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:94–103, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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- 2014
216. A Wheat SIMILAR TO RCD-ONE Gene Enhances Seedling Growth and Abiotic Stress Resistance by Modulating Redox Homeostasis and Maintaining Genomic Integrity
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Mei Wang, Chen Meng, Meng Wang, Tiandi Wei, Shuwei Liu, Shuantao Liu, and Guangmin Xia
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Models, Molecular ,Alternative oxidase ,Poly ADP ribose polymerase ,Arabidopsis ,Plant Science ,Genes, Plant ,Genomic Instability ,Stress, Physiological ,Homeostasis ,Arabidopsis thaliana ,Triticum ,Plant Proteins ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,Binding Sites ,NADPH oxidase ,biology ,Abiotic stress ,food and beverages ,Free Radical Scavengers ,Cell Biology ,Plants, Genetically Modified ,biology.organism_classification ,Protein Structure, Tertiary ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Seedlings ,biology.protein ,Heterologous expression ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Genome, Plant - Abstract
Plant growth inhibition is a common response to salinity. Under saline conditions, Shanrong No. 3 (SR3), a bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) introgression line, performs better than its parent wheat variety Jinan 177 (JN177) with respect to both seedling growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Furthermore, the endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also elevated in SR3 relative to JN177. The SR3 allele of sro1, a gene encoding a poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) domain protein, was identified to be crucial for both aspects of its superior performance. Unlike RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 and other Arabidopsis thaliana SIMILAR TO RCD-ONE (SRO) proteins, sro1 has PARP activity. Both the overexpression of Ta-sro1 in wheat and its heterologous expression in Arabidopsis promote the accumulation of ROS, mainly by enhancing the activity of NADPH oxidase and the expression of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, in conjunction with the suppression of alternative oxidase expression. Moreover, it promotes the activity of ascorbate-GSH cycle enzymes and GSH peroxidase cycle enzymes, which regulate ROS content and cellular redox homeostasis. sro1 is also found to be involved in the maintenance of genomic integrity. We show here that the wheat SRO has PARP activity; such activity could be manipulated to improve the growth of seedlings exposed to salinity stress by modulating redox homeostasis and maintaining genomic stability.
- Published
- 2014
217. A new river loach from the main channel of the upper Mekong in Yunnan (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae)
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Shuwei Liu, Jun-Xing Yang, and Marco Endruweit
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Male ,China ,Nemacheilidae ,Zoology ,STREAMS ,Biology ,Southeast asian ,Rivers ,Genus ,Cypriniformes ,Swim bladder ,Animals ,Body Size ,Animalia ,Chordata ,Schistura ,Ecosystem ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Taxonomy ,Actinopterygii ,Ecology ,Animal Structures ,Organ Size ,Biodiversity ,biology.organism_classification ,Substrate (marine biology) ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Animal Distribution - Abstract
Nemacheilid loaches are a common element of fish assemblages of Southeast Asian streams. In particular, streams in tropical and subtropical regions with a gravelly to rocky substrate and a swift current are typically inhabited by several species of nemacheilid loaches. Up to six different species are reported to occur syntopically (Kottelat 1990). The vast majority of these loaches are allocated within the diverse genus Schistura, which accommodates about 200 valid species (Kottelat 2012). River loaches of the genus Schistura are defined as having the mouth moderately arched; the lower lip medially notched, not forming lateral labial pads; air bladder without a secondary chamber, and a maximum size between 25 mm and 120 mm SL (Kottelat 1990).
- Published
- 2016
218. Microbial Abundances Predict Methane and Nitrous Oxide Fluxes from a Windrow Composting System
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Shuqing Li, Yaguo Jin, Xiang Gao, Qirong Shen, Shuwei Liu, Jianwen Zou, and Lina Song
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Microbiology (medical) ,Biogeochemical cycle ,chemistry.chemical_element ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,Methane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Denitrifying bacteria ,bacterial gene abundance ,Windrow composting ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Original Research ,CH4 ,Ecology ,Atmospheric methane ,N2O ,statistical model ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry ,equipment and supplies ,Manure ,Nitrogen ,chemistry ,greenhouse gas ,Environmental chemistry ,Greenhouse gas ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science - Abstract
Manure composting is a significant source of atmospheric methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) that are two potent greenhouse gases. The CH4 and N2O fluxes are mediated by methanogens and methanotrophs, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in composting manure, respectively, while these specific bacterial functional groups may interplay in CH4 and N2O emissions during manure composting. To test the hypothesis that bacterial functional gene abundances regulate greenhouse gas fluxes in windrow composting systems, CH4 and N2O fluxes were simultaneously measured using the chamber method, and molecular techniques were used to quantify the abundances of CH4-related functional genes (mcrA and pmoA genes) and N2O-related functional genes (amoA, narG, nirK, nirS, norB, and nosZ genes). The results indicate that changes in interacting physicochemical parameters in the pile shaped the dynamics of bacterial functional gene abundances. The CH4 and N2O fluxes were correlated with abundances of specific compositional genes in bacterial community. The stepwise regression statistics selected pile temperature, mcrA and NH4+ together as the best predictors for CH4 fluxes, and the model integrating nirK, nosZ with pmoA gene abundances can almost fully explain the dynamics of N2O fluxes over windrow composting. The simulated models were tested against measurements in paddy rice cropping systems, indicating that the models can also be applicable to predicting the response of CH4 and N2O fluxes to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and rising temperature. Microbial abundances could be included as indicators in the current carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical models.
- Published
- 2016
219. Attention Performance Measured by Attention Network Test Is Correlated with Global and Regional Efficiency of Structural Brain Networks
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Yuchun Tang, Haitao Ge, Budhachandra Khundrakpam, Gleb Bezgin, Yuan Leng, Xinting Ge, Wenjian Xu, Alan C. Evans, Shuwei Liu, Min Xiao, Seun Jeon, Lu Zhao, and Junhai Xu
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structural brain network ,Power graph analysis ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,attention network test ,Thalamus ,050105 experimental psychology ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Functional neuroimaging ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Paracentral lobule ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Original Research ,05 social sciences ,diffusion tensor imaging ,attention ,graph analysis ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Superior frontal gyrus ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Parahippocampal gyrus ,Diffusion MRI ,Cognitive psychology ,Tractography - Abstract
Functional neuroimaging studies have indicated the involvement of separate brain areas in three distinct attention systems: alerting, orienting, and executive control (EC). However, the structural correlates underlying attention remains unexplored. Here, we utilized graph theory to examine the neuroanatomical substrates of the three attention systems measured by attention network test (ANT) in 65 healthy subjects. White matter connectivity, assessed with diffusion tensor imaging deterministic tractography was modeled as a structural network comprising 90 nodes defined by the automated anatomical labeling (AAL) template. Linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between topological parameters and the three attentional effects. We found a significant positive correlation between EC function and global efficiency of the whole brain network. At the regional level, node-specific correlations were discovered between regional efficiency and all three ANT components, including dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, thalamus and parahippocampal gyrus for EC, thalamus and inferior parietal gyrus for alerting, and paracentral lobule and inferior occipital gyrus for orienting. Our findings highlight the fundamental architecture of interregional structural connectivity involved in attention and could provide new insights into the anatomical basis underlying human behavior.
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- 2016
220. Structural Development of Human Fetal and Preterm Brain Cortical Plate Based on Population-Averaged Templates
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Lina F. Chalak, Austin Ouyang, Muraleedharan Sivarajan, Nancy K. Rollins, Virendra Mishra, Greg Jackson, Hao Huang, Jonathan M. Chia, Qiaowen Yu, Tina Jeon, and Shuwei Liu
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Aging ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Pregnancy Trimester, Third ,Population ,Gestational Age ,Nerve Fibers, Myelinated ,White matter ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Fetal Stage ,Fetus ,Pregnancy ,Reference Values ,Cortex (anatomy) ,Bone plate ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Medicine ,Humans ,education ,Cerebral Cortex ,education.field_of_study ,Brain Mapping ,business.industry ,Anatomy ,Original Articles ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,Cerebral cortex ,Anisotropy ,Female ,business ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Infant, Premature ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
We hypothesized that the distinct maturational processes take place across different cortical areas from middle fetal stage to normal time of birth and these maturational processes are altered in late third trimester. Fractional anisotropies (FA) from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) infer the microstructures of the early developing cortical plate. High-resolution DTI of 11 fetal brain specimens at postmenstrual age of 20 weeks (or simplified as 20 weeks), 19 in vivo brains at 35 weeks, and 17 in vivo brains at normal time of birth at term (40 weeks) were acquired. Population-averaged age-specific DTI templates were established with large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping for subject groups at 20, 35, and 40 weeks. To alleviate partial volume effects, skeletonized FA values were used for mapping averaged cortical FA to the cortical surface and measuring FA at 12 functionally distinctive cortical regions. Significant and heterogeneous FA decreases take place in distinct cortical areas from 20 to 35 weeks and from 35 to 40 weeks, suggesting differentiated cortical development patterns. Temporally nonuniform FA decrease patterns during 35-40 weeks compared with those during 20-35 weeks were observed in higher-order association cortex. Measured skeletonized FA suggested dissociated changes between cerebral cortex and white matter during 35-40 weeks.
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- 2016
221. Fetal ocular development in the second trimester of pregnancy documented by 7.0 T postmortem Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Shuwei Liu, Xiangtao Lin, Zhongyu Hou, Fengchao Zang, Ximing Wang, Zhonghe Zhang, Qiaowen Yu, and Gao-Jun Teng
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Central Nervous System ,Embryology ,genetic structures ,Maternal Health ,Eye ,Nervous System ,Visualization model ,Diagnostic Radiology ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Fetal Development ,Mri image ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Fetal eyeball ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Eye Lens ,Multidisciplinary ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Radiology and Imaging ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Gestational age ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,In Vivo Imaging ,Biometrics ,Pregnancy Trimester, Second ,Medicine ,Female ,Anatomy ,Research Article ,Imaging Techniques ,Science ,Ocular Anatomy ,Gestational Age ,Research and Analysis Methods ,03 medical and health sciences ,Fetus ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Ocular System ,Second trimester ,Computational Techniques ,medicine ,Humans ,Fetuses ,business.industry ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,medicine.disease ,eye diseases ,Women's Health ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Few investigators have analyzed fetal ocular growth with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of high magnetic strength. Our purpose is to obtain normative biometrics for fetal ocular development in the second trimester of pregnancy. Sixty specimens with a gestational age (GA) of 12-23 weeks were scanned using a 7.0 T MRI scanner. The linear interocular and binocular distances (IOD and BOD, respectively), globe diameter (GD) and lens diameter (LD) were measured on the transverse section of the largest diameter of the eyeballs. The three dimensional (3D) visualization model of the eyeball was reconstructed with Amira software. Then, the globe and lens volumes (GV and LV, respectively) were obtained. All the measurements were plotted as a function of GA. The fetal ocular structures in the second trimester of pregnancy could be clearly delineated on 7.0 T postmortem MRI images. All the linear measurements logarithmically increased with GA, while, the volumetric measurements linearly increased with GA. Postmortem MRI of high magnetic strength can clearly document fetal ocular growth in the second trimester of pregnancy. These quantitative data may be a valuable reference for the assessment of normal fetal eyeball development in clinical settings and may be considered a supplement to anatomical investigations.
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- 2019
222. The place of asymmetric somatic hybridization in wheat breeding
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Guangmin Xia and Shuwei Liu
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Somatic cell ,business.industry ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,General Medicine ,Breeding ,Biology ,Protoplast ,biology.organism_classification ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Biotechnology ,Quantitative Trait, Heritable ,Agronomy ,Hybrid plant ,Cytogenetic Analysis ,Plant biochemistry ,Hybridization, Genetic ,business ,Thinopyrum ponticum ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Triticum ,Hybrid - Abstract
Since its first development some 40 years ago, the application of the somatic hybridization technique has generated a body of hybrid plant material involving a wide combination of parental species. Until the late 1990s, the technique was ineffective in wheat, as regeneration from protoplasts was proving difficult to achieve. Since this time, however, a successful somatic hybridization protocol for wheat has been established and used to generate a substantial number of both symmetric and asymmetric somatic hybrids and derived materials, especially involving the parental combination bread wheat and tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum). This review describes the current state of the art for somatic hybridization in wheat and focuses on its potential application for wheat improvement.
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- 2013
223. AC-driven, color- and brightness-tunable organic light-emitting diodes constructed from an electron only device
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Yongbiao Zhao, Swee Tiam Tan, Shuwei Liu, Evren Mutlugun, Y. Divayana, Yuan Gao, Agus Putu Abiyasa, Xiao Wei Sun, Hilmi Volkan Demir, Handong Sun, Rui Chen, Xuyong Yang, Kheng Swee Leck, Demir, Hilmi Volkan, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, and LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays
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Brightness ,Materials science ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Alternating current ,Color ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Electron ,Luminance ,law.invention ,Biomaterials ,Optics ,Charge generation layer ,law ,Color tunable ,Electronic equipment ,Materials Chemistry ,OLED ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Organic light emitting diodes(OLEDs) ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Polarity (mutual inductance) ,Diode ,business.industry ,Ac-driving ,Charge-generation layers ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Organic light emitting diodes (OLED) ,Transition-metal oxides ,AC driving ,Transition metal oxide ,Optoelectronics ,Organic light-emitting diode ,business ,Voltage - Abstract
In this paper, a color- and brightness-tunable organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is reported. This OLED was realized by inserting a charge generation layer into an electron only device to form an n-i-p-i-n structure. It is shown that, by changing the polarity of applied voltage, only the p-i-n junction operated under positive bias can emit light and, by applying an AC voltage, emission from both junctions was realized. It is also shown that, by using a combination of blue- and red-emiting layers in two p-i-n junctions, both the color and brightness of the resulting white OLED can be tuned independently by changing the positive and negative amplitudes of the AC voltage. NRF (Natl Research Foundation, S’pore) ASTAR (Agency for Sci., Tech. and Research, S’pore)
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- 2013
224. Spatial–temporal atlas of human fetal brain development during the early second trimester
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Yonggang Shi, Jinfeng Zhan, Yuchun Tang, Lei Feng, Fengchao Zang, Zhonghe Zhang, Fang Fang, Sam Hobel, Shuwei Liu, Gao-Jun Teng, Alen Zamanyan, Arthur W. Toga, Xiangtao Lin, Junning Li, and Ivo D. Dinov
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Male ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Biology ,Article ,Fetal Development ,Lateral ventricles ,Atlases as Topic ,Fetus ,Pregnancy ,Atlas (anatomy) ,Subplate ,medicine ,Humans ,Anatomy, Artistic ,Morphometrics ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Brain ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Anatomy ,Human brain ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Pregnancy Trimester, Second ,Female ,Neuroscience - Abstract
During the second trimester, the human fetal brain undergoes numerous changes that lead to substantial variation in the neonatal in terms of its morphology and tissue types. As fetal MRI is more and more widely used for studying the human brain development during this period, a spatiotemporal atlas becomes necessary for characterizing the dynamic structural changes. In this study, 34 postmortem human fetal brains with gestational ages ranging from 15 to 22 weeks were scanned using 7.0 T MR. We used automated morphometrics, tensor-based morphometry and surface modeling techniques to analyze the data. Spatiotemporal atlases of each week and the overall atlas covering the whole period with high resolution and contrast were created. These atlases were used for the analysis of age-specific shape changes during this period, including development of the cerebral wall, lateral ventricles, Sylvian fissure, and growth direction based on local surface measurements. Our findings indicate that growth of the subplate zone is especially striking and is the main cause for the lamination pattern changes. Changes in the cortex around Sylvian fissure demonstrate that cortical growth may be one of the mechanisms for gyration. Surface deformation mapping, revealed by local shape analysis, indicates that there is global anterior–posterior growth pattern, with frontal and temporal lobes developing relatively quickly during this period. Our results are valuable for understanding the normal brain development trajectories and anatomical characteristics. These week-by-week fetal brain atlases can be used as reference in in vivo studies, and may facilitate the quantification of fetal brain development across space and time.
- Published
- 2013
225. BiVO4@Bi2S3 Heterojunction Nanorods with Enhanced Charge Separation Efficiency for Multimodal Imaging and Synergy Therapy of Tumor.
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Ze Wang, Shuwei Liu, Lu Wang, Haoyang Zou, Zidong Wang, Xiaoduo Tang, Wenjie Feng, Yu Chong, Yi Liu, Bai Yang, and Hao Zhang
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
226. Multidrug resistant tumors-aimed theranostics on the basis of strong electrostatic attraction between resistant cells and nanomaterials.
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Shuwei Liu, Lu Wang, Shuyao Li, Xuya Meng, Bin Sun, Xue Zhang, Lening Zhang, Yi Liu, Min Lin, Hao Zhang, and Bai Yang
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
227. Fetal cerebral lobes development between 20 and 28 weeks gestational age: A postmortem MR study
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Xiu-ling Qiu, Guangbin Wang, Shuwei Liu, Zhonghe Zhang, Xiangtao Lin, Li-guang Chen, Lianxiang Xiao, and Linlin Yang
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Cerebral Cortex ,Fetus ,business.industry ,Cerebral peduncle ,Age Factors ,Hippocampus ,Gestational age ,Gestational Age ,Anatomy ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Temporal lobe ,Fetal Development ,Perimeter ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Postmortem Changes ,Parenchyma ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Gestation ,Medicine ,business ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
To investigate the fetal cerebral lobes development between 20 and 28 weeks gestational age, 36 fetus specimen without CNS abnormality, with 4 fetuses in each gestation week, were scanned with 3.0T MR. Lobular parameters were measured, including the parenchyma thickness of the frontoparietal and the temporal lobes, the margin length of frontoparietal, the insula and the temporal lobes, the Sylvian fissure and the perimeter of hippocampus, on the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of hippocampus body across the base of cerebral peduncle. The relative value of parenchyma thickness and the lobes' length ratios to the same side hemisphere were calculated and their correlation with gestational weeks was analyzed. All measured parameters were positively correlated with gestational age. No significant tendency was found for relative value of the parenchyma thickness (P0.05). The temporal lobe length ratio increased while the frontoparietal ratio decreased before 24 weeks GA and then the two reversed. The Sylvian fissure length ratio increased (P0.001) and the hippocampus decreased (P0.001) throughout this period. In conclusion, the early fetal cerebrum lobes developed asynchronously during this period, the 24 weeks GA could be a turning point for cerebrum development pattern changing from primitive to mature.
- Published
- 2013
228. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from direct-seeded and seedling-transplanted rice paddies in southeast China
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Feng Lin, Jianwen Zou, Yaojun Zhang, Shuwei Liu, and Ling Zhang
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Irrigation ,Field experiment ,Soil Science ,Biomass ,Plant Science ,Nitrous oxide ,Methane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Greenhouse gas ,Environmental science ,Paddy field ,Cropping - Abstract
The rice production is experiencing a shift from conventionally seedling-transplanted (TPR) to direct-seeded (DSR) cropping systems in Southeast Asia. Besides the difference in rice crop establishment, water regime is typically characterized as water-saving moist irrigation for DSR and flooding-midseason drainage-reflooding and moist irrigation for TPR fields, respectively. A field experiment was conducted to quantify methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from the DSR and TPR rice paddies in southeast China. Seasonal measurements of CH4 and N2O fluxes from the DSR and TPR plots were simultaneously taken by static chamber-GC technique. Seasonal fluxes of CH4 averaged 1.58 mg m−2 h−1 and 1.02 mg m−2 h−1 across treatments in TPR and DSR rice paddies, respectively. Compared with TPR cropping systems, seasonal N2O emissions from DSR cropping systems were increased by 49 % and 46 % for the plots with or without N application, respectively. The emission factors of N2O were estimated to be 0.45 % and 0.69 % of N application, with a background emission of 0.65 and 0.95 kg N2O-N ha−1 under the TPR and DSR cropping regimes, respectively. Rice biomass and grain yield were significantly greater in the DSR than in the TPR cropping systems. The net global warming potential (GWP) of CH4 and N2O emissions were comparable between the two cropping systems, while the greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) was significantly lower in the DSR than in the TPR cropping systems. Higher grain yield, comparable GWP, and lower GHGI suggest that the DSR instead of conventional TPR rice cropping regime would weaken the radiative forcing of rice production in terms of per unit of rice grain yield in China, and DSR rice cropping regime could be a promising rice development alternative in mainland China.
- Published
- 2013
229. Parkinson's disease:in vivometabolic changes in the frontal and parietal cortices in 6-OHDA treated rats during different periods
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Haiwei Meng, Zhonghe Zhang, Fang Fang, Bo Sun, Maili Liu, Zhongyu Hou, Shuwei Liu, Ke Fang, Xiangtao Lin, and Hao Lei
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Time Factors ,Parkinson's disease ,Frontal cortex ,Glutamine ,Glutamic Acid ,Posterior parietal cortex ,Substantia nigra ,Motor Activity ,Creatine ,Functional Laterality ,Choline ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Glutamates ,In vivo ,Parietal Lobe ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Parkinson Disease, Secondary ,Oxidopamine ,Aspartic Acid ,Functional Neuroimaging ,General Neuroscience ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Corpus Striatum ,Frontal Lobe ,Rats ,Substantia Nigra ,Disease Models, Animal ,Endocrinology ,nervous system ,chemistry - Abstract
This study aims to investigate metabolic changes in frontal and parietal cortices in the 6-OHDA induced Parkinson's rats. Ratios of N-acetyl-aspartic acid/creatine (NAA/Cr), choline/creatine (Cho/Cr), and glumatic acid and glutamine glutaminic acid/creatine (Glx/Cr) of regions of interests (ROIs) in the frontal and parietal cortices, and the substantia nigra were analyzed. NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and Glx/Cr in the frontal and parietal cortices in the lesion side did not show any significant differences two weeks after operation compared with the contralateral side (p > 0.05). NAA/Cr in the frontal cortex in the lesion side was significantly lower in the five weeks after operation; Cho/Cr remained normal; Glx/Cr increased (p < 0.05), and all ratios of parietal cortex were normal. In the eight weeks after operation, NAA/Cr in the frontal cortex in the lesion side was lower than that of the five weeks (p < 0.01), Cho/Cr still remained normal while Glx/Cr was higher than before (p < 0.01). Regarding the parietal cortex, NAA/Cr increased significantly, while Cho/Cr and Glx/Cr remained normal. In the 12 weeks after operation, NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and Glx/Cr in frontal cortex were consistent with that of the eight weeks, while they remained at the normal level in parietal cortex. The NAA/Cr in the substantia nigra decreased and Cho/Cr increased significantly during 2-8 weeks, and remained at the same level during 8-12 weeks. There are metabolic disturbances in PD rats. The transient hyperfunction in the parietal cortex can be considered as a compensation for the dysfunction of the frontal cortex and substantia nigra.
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- 2013
230. Pulmonary Intersegmental Planes: Imaging Appearance and Possible Reasons Leading to Their Visualization
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Chao Liu, Yi-Zhi Zuo, and Shuwei Liu
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X-ray microtomography ,business.industry ,Radiography ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Anatomy ,Tomography ,business ,Visualization - Abstract
The visualization of intersegmental planes was closely related to their thickness, and the difference of thickness between two types of intersegmental planes was congenital.
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- 2013
231. WRKY Transcription Factors in Wheat and Their Induction by Biotic and Abiotic Stress
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Chen Meng, Xinlei Zhu, Lumin Qin, Guangmin Xia, Shuwei Liu, and Lina Kong
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Genetics ,Abiotic stress ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Genome ,WRKY protein domain ,Phylogenetics ,Arabidopsis ,Botany ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,Transcription factor ,Function (biology) - Abstract
WRKY proteins constitute a large family of transcription factors in higher plants, and are involved in the regulation of development, senescence and stress resistance. However, little is known with respect to the constitution and function of WRKY genes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). We identified a set of 92 wheat WRKY genes from publicly available sequence databases, and constructed a phylogeny map based on the conserved WRKY domain peptide sequences. The wheat sequences were classified into the standard set of WRKY groups and sub-groups established from plant model genomes. Our results show the WRKY orthologues of wheat and rice are more similar compared to their Arabidopsis counterparts. Therefore, we argue some expansion of the WRKY family occurred following the divergence of these three species. The induction of sequence variation in a subset of 18 TaWRKY genes via somatic hybridization was studied by comparing the sequences from cv. JN177 and its derivative cv. SR3. We also analyzed the responses of these 18 genes to imposed salinity, PEG, ABA and SA using quantitative real time PCR. Nine of the 18 TaWRKY genes were up-regulated by exogenous SA. Six genes were up-regulated by salinity or PEG treatment, and their expression was also induced by exogenous ABA. Interestingly, induction by salinity or PEG was impaired when ABA biosynthesis was inhibited. The indication was that most of the TaWRKY genes involved in the abiotic stress response acted in an ABA-dependent manner.
- Published
- 2013
232. Association of candidate genes with drought tolerance traits in diverse perennial ryegrass accessions
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Jianming Yu, Shuwei Liu, Guihua Bai, Na Luo, Douglas S. Richmond, Scott A. Jackson, Ying Wang, Xiaoqing Yu, Paula M. Pijut, and Yiwei Jiang
- Subjects
Candidate gene ,Perennial plant ,Physiology ,Adaptation, Biological ,Plant Science ,drought ,Lolium perenne ,Cytosol ,Association mapping ,association mapping ,Phylogeny ,Plant Proteins ,Genetics ,education.field_of_study ,LEA3 ,biology ,food and beverages ,Chromosome Mapping ,leaf water content ,Droughts ,Phenotype ,Cyt Cu-ZnSOD ,Seeds ,FeSOD ,Antioxidant ,Research Paper ,Heterozygote ,Drought tolerance ,Population ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Quantitative Trait Loci ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Quantitative trait locus ,Genes, Plant ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Stress, Physiological ,Botany ,Lolium ,Amino Acid Sequence ,education ,Alleles ,Plant Diseases ,Superoxide Dismutase ,fungi ,Water ,biology.organism_classification ,Plant Leaves ,Amino Acid Substitution ,Mutation ,Microsatellite Repeats - Abstract
Drought is a major environmental stress limiting growth of perennial grasses in temperate regions. Plant drought tolerance is a complex trait that is controlled by multiple genes. Candidate gene association mapping provides a powerful tool for dissection of complex traits. Candidate gene association mapping of drought tolerance traits was conducted in 192 diverse perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) accessions from 43 countries. The panel showed significant variations in leaf wilting, leaf water content, canopy and air temperature difference, and chlorophyll fluorescence under well-watered and drought conditions across six environments. Analysis of 109 simple sequence repeat markers revealed five population structures in the mapping panel. A total of 2520 expression-based sequence readings were obtained for a set of candidate genes involved in antioxidant metabolism, dehydration, water movement across membranes, and signal transduction, from which 346 single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified. Significant associations were identified between a putative LpLEA3 encoding late embryogenesis abundant group 3 protein and a putative LpFeSOD encoding iron superoxide dismutase and leaf water content, as well as between a putative LpCyt Cu-ZnSOD encoding cytosolic copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and chlorophyll fluorescence under drought conditions. Four of these identified significantly associated single nucleotide polymorphisms from these three genes were also translated to amino acid substitutions in different genotypes. These results indicate that allelic variation in these genes may affect whole-plant response to drought stress in perennial ryegrass.
- Published
- 2013
233. Lentivirus-based RNA Silencing of Nemo-like Kinase (NLK) Inhibits the CAL 27 Human Adenosquamos Carcinoma Cells Proliferation and Blocks G0/G1 Phase to S Phase
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Keyi Li, Bin Zhang, Hai Ying Chen, Lexin Wang, Shao Dong Pan, Shuwei Liu, Wei Feng Zhang, Xian Bin Liu, Dao Ying Yuan, Shuang Feng Chen, Ya Ping Wu, Feng Jun Zhao, Chun Peng Xia, and Li-Cheng Jiang
- Subjects
Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Biology ,Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ,Resting Phase, Cell Cycle ,S Phase ,Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ,RNA interference ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Gene expression ,Humans ,Gene silencing ,Cell Proliferation ,Cell growth ,Lentivirus ,G1 Phase ,Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ,RNA ,General Medicine ,Cell cycle ,Nemo-like kinase (NLK) ,Molecular biology ,Squamous carcinoma ,RNA silencing ,RNAi ,RNA Interference ,Research Paper - Abstract
Background: The Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that involved in a number of signaling pathways regulating cell fate. Variation of NLK has been shown to be associated with the risk of cancer. However, the function of NLK in oral adenosquamous carcinoma cells line CAL-27 is unknown. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the function of NLK in CAL-27 cells by using lentivirus-mediated RNA silence. The targeted gene expression, cell proliferation and cell cycle are investigated by RT-PCR, western-blot, MTT method, colony forming assay and flow cytometry analysis respectively. Results: After NLK silencing, the number of colonies was significantly reduced (54±5 colonies/well compared with 262±18 colonies/well in non-infected or 226±4 colonies/well in negative control group (sequence not related to NLK sequence with mismatched bases). Using crystal violet staining, we also found that the cell number per colony was dramatically reduced. The RNA silencing of NLK blocks the G0/G1 phase to S phase progression during the cell cycle. Conclusions: These results suggest that NLK silencing by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference would be a potential therapeutic method to control oral squamous carcinoma growth.
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- 2013
234. The Values of Thin Sections and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction in the Sellar Region
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Jian Zhang, Chang Fei, Jun Liu, Shuwei Liu, Zhonghe Zhang, Yuchun Tang, Xueyuan Heng, and You-yi Wei
- Subjects
Male ,Carotid arteries ,3d model ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,medicine.artery ,Cadaver ,medicine ,Humans ,Sella Turcica ,Sinus (anatomy) ,Cranial Fossa, Middle ,Human head ,business.industry ,3D reconstruction ,Optic Nerve ,Microtomy ,Anatomy ,Sectional Anatomy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Trigeminal Ganglion ,Pituitary Gland ,Optic nerve ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Internal carotid artery ,business ,Carotid Artery, Internal ,Software - Abstract
Objective The computerized freezing milling technique is derived from the virtual human project. It has been widely used in three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the human body and organs. With this technique, the study was undertaken to explore the 3D features and adjacent anatomic relationships of the sellar region for skull base surgery. Methods Continuous thin sections on the coronary plane were performed with the computerized freezing milling technique using a human head specimen. The related structures were described in six sections. After segmenting, labeling, and extracting in serial sections, the 3D reconstruction of the sellar region was finished with Amira 4.1 software. Results A total of 390 thin coronary sections were obtained. In six sections, the anatomic relationships of the pituitary gland, carotid artery, sphenoid sinus, and nerves are displayed. Three-dimensional images of the sellar region are video films that continuously and dynamically display anatomic structures in 3D space at different velocities. It can show that the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery is located anterolateral to the sphenoid sinus and lateral to the pituitary gland. The optic nerve protrudes into the superolateral portion of the sphenoid sinus. Conclusions The combination of coronary sectional anatomy and 3D reconstruction can display the anatomic characteristics of the sellar region. The 3D models are video films that continuously and dynamically display anatomic structures in 3D space at different velocities.
- Published
- 2012
235. Phenotypic and Genetic Correlations Between the Lobar Segments of the Inferior Fronto-occipital Fasciculus and Attention
- Author
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Arthur W. Toga, Yan Han, Xinting Ge, Haiyan Tang, Huaqiang Zhang, Yuan Leng, Yuchun Tang, Junning Li, Min Xiao, Dong Zhang, Shuwei Liu, Yonggang Shi, Qiaowen Yu, John D. Van Horn, Zengchang Pang, and Wenjian Xu
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus ,Article ,050105 experimental psychology ,Correlation ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neural Pathways ,Fractional anisotropy ,Fasciculus ,Humans ,Attention ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Attention deficits ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Extramural ,05 social sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,White Matter ,Phenotype ,Frontal Lobe ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Female ,Gene-Environment Interaction ,Occipital Lobe ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Attention deficits may present dysfunctions in any one or two components of attention (alerting, orienting, and executive control (EC)). However, these various forms of attention deficits generally have abnormal microstructure integrity of inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF). In this work, we aim to deeply explore: (1) associations between microstructure integrities of IFOF (including frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insular segments) and attention by means of structural equation models and multiple regression analyses; (2) genetic/environmental effects on IFOF, attention, and their correlations using bivariate genetic analysis. EC function was attributed to the fractional anisotropy (FA) of left (correlation was driven by genetic and environmental factors) and right IFOF (correlation was driven by environmental factors), especially to left frontal part and right occipital part (correlation was driven by genetic factors). Alerting was associated with FA in parietal and insular parts of left IFOF. No significant correlation was found between orienting and IFOF. This study revealed the advantages of lobar-segmental analysis in structure-function correlation study and provided the anatomical basis for kinds of attention deficits. The common genetic/environmental factors implicated in the certain correlations suggested the common physiological mechanisms for two traits, which should promote the discovery of single-nucleotide polymorphisms affecting IFOF and attention.
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- 2016
236. A meta-analysis of fertilizer-induced soil NO and combined NO+N
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Shuwei, Liu, Feng, Lin, Shuang, Wu, Cheng, Ji, Yi, Sun, Yaguo, Jin, Shuqing, Li, Zhaofu, Li, and Jianwen, Zou
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Crops, Agricultural ,Soil ,Nitrous Oxide ,Forests ,Fertilizers ,Nitric Oxide - Abstract
Soils are among the important sources of atmospheric nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N
- Published
- 2016
237. Linking N2O emission from biochar-amended composting process to the abundance of denitrify (nirK and nosZ) bacteria community
- Author
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Jianwen Zou, Yaguo Jin, Qirong Shen, Lina Song, Shuwei Liu, and Shuqing Li
- Subjects
Biophysics ,Amendment ,Functional genes ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,complex mixtures ,Denitrifying bacteria ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Abundance (ecology) ,Biochar ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Nitrous oxide ,biology ,Ecology ,Modeling ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,equipment and supplies ,Manure ,Denitrifying genes abundance ,Manure composting ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Original Article ,Bacteria - Abstract
Manure composting has been recognized as an important anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide (N2O) contributing to global warming. However, biochar effect on N2O emissions from manure composting is rarely evaluated, especially by linking it to abundance of denitrifying bacteria community. Results of this study indicated that biochar amendment significantly reduced N2O emissions from manure composting, primarily due to suppression of the nirK gene abundance of denitrifying bacteria. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between nirK abundance and N2O fluxes, while a negative correlation between nosZ density and N2O fluxes. Simultaneously, a linear correlation between nirK gene abundance minus nosZ gene abundance with N2O fluxes was also observed. In addition, a statistical model for estimating N2O emissions based on the bacterial denitrifying functional genes was developed and verified to adequately fit the observed emissions. Our results highlighted that biochar amendment would be an alternative strategy for mitigating N2O emissions during manure composting, and the information of related functional bacterial communities could be helpful for understanding the mechanism of N2O emissions.
- Published
- 2016
238. Response of nitric and nitrous oxide fluxes to N fertilizer application in greenhouse vegetable cropping systems in southeast China
- Author
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Xiaofei Wang, Yaguo Jin, Shuwei Liu, Feng Lin, Yaojun Zhang, and Jianwen Zou
- Subjects
Crops, Agricultural ,Greenhouse Effect ,Biogeochemical cycle ,China ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Nitrous Oxide ,Greenhouse ,engineering.material ,Nitric Oxide ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Greenhouse effect ,Fertilizers ,Water content ,Nitrogen cycle ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Air Pollutants ,Multidisciplinary ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Nitrous oxide ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,engineering ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Fertilizer ,Seasons ,Cropping ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
It is of great concern worldwide that active nitrogenous gases in the global nitrogen cycle contribute to regional and global-scale environmental issues. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) are generally interrelated in soil nitrogen biogeochemical cycles, while few studies have simultaneously examined these two gases emission from typical croplands. Field experiments were conducted to measure N2O and NO fluxes in response to chemical N fertilizer application in annual greenhouse vegetable cropping systems in southeast China. Annual N2O and NO fluxes averaged 52.05 and 14.87 μg N m−2 h−1 for the controls without N fertilizer inputs, respectively. Both N2O and NO emissions linearly increased with N fertilizer application. The emission factors of N fertilizer for N2O and NO were estimated to be 1.43% and 1.15%, with an annual background emission of 5.07 kg N2O-N ha−1 and 1.58 kg NO-N ha−1, respectively. The NO-N/N2O-N ratio was significantly affected by cropping type and fertilizer application, and NO would exceed N2O emissions when soil moisture is below 54% WFPS. Overall, local conventional input rate of chemical N fertilizer could be partially reduced to attain high yield of vegetable and low N2O and NO emissions in greenhouse vegetable cropping systems in China.
- Published
- 2016
239. Development of the subcortical brain structures in the second trimester: assessment with 7.0-T MRI
- Author
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Xiangtao Lin, Shuwei Liu, Haiwei Meng, Zhonghe Zhang, He-qun Geng, Lei Feng, Gao-Jun Teng, Fengchao Zang, and Fang Fang
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Neurology ,Prenatal diagnosis ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Pregnancy ,Second trimester ,Prenatal Diagnosis ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Neuroradiology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Brain ,Reproducibility of Results ,Gestational age ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Pregnancy Trimester, Second ,Female ,sense organs ,Neurology (clinical) ,Radiology ,Neurosurgery ,Signal intensity ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
This study aims to obtain the signal intensity changes and quantitative measurements of the subcortical brain structures of 12-22 weeks gestational age (GA).Sixty-nine fetal specimens were selected and scanned by 7.0-T MR. The signal intensity changes of the subcortical brain structures were analyzed. The three-dimensional visualization models of the germinal matrix, caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus, and dorsal thalamus were rebuilt with Amira 4.1, and the developmental trends between the measurements and GA were analyzed.The germinal matrix was delineated on 7.0-T MR images at 12 weeks GA, with high signals on T1-weighted images (WI). While at 16 weeks GA, the caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus, and internal and external capsules could be distinguished. The caudate nucleus was high signal intensity on T1WI. The signal intensity of the putamen was high on T1WI during 15-17 weeks GA and was delineated as an area with uneven signal intensities. The signal intensity of the peripheral area of the putamen became higher after 18 weeks GA. The signal intensity of the globus pallidus was high on T1WI and low on T2WI after 20 weeks GA. At 18 weeks GA, the claustrum was delineated with low signals on T2WI. Measurements of the germinal matrix, caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus, and dorsal thalamus linearly increased with the GA.Development of the subcortical brain structures during 12-22 weeks GA could be displayed with 7.0-T MRI. The measurement provides significant reference beneficial to the clinical evaluation of fetal brain development.
- Published
- 2012
240. Identification of differentially expressed genes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) brown midrib mutants
- Author
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Li Yan, Zhanguo Xin, Shuwei Liu, Duoxiang Wang, Shuangyi Zhao, Guangmin Xia, Yali Kang, Yinghua Huang, and Tongwei Gu
- Subjects
Physiology ,Phenylalanine ,Trans-Cinnamate 4-Monooxygenase ,Cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase ,Mutant ,Plant Science ,Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ,Biology ,Genes, Plant ,Lignin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Complementary DNA ,Botany ,Genetics ,Gene ,Sorghum ,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ,Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase ,Plant Proteins ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,food and beverages ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Plant Leaves ,Alcohol Oxidoreductases ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Suppression subtractive hybridization ,Monolignol ,Sweet sorghum - Abstract
Sorghum, a species able to produce a high yield of biomass and tolerate both drought and poor soil fertility, is considered to be a potential bioenergy crop candidate. The reduced lignin content characteristic of brown midrib (bmr) mutants improves the efficiency of bioethanol conversion from biomass. Suppression subtractive hybridization combined with cDNA microarray profiling was performed to characterize differential gene expression in a set of 13 bmr mutants, which accumulate significantly less lignin than the wild-type plant BTx623. Among the 153 differentially expressed genes identified, 43 were upregulated and 110 downregulated in the mutants. A semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis applied to 12 of these genes largely validated the microarray analysis data. The transcript abundance of genes encoding l-phenylalanine ammonia lyase and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase was less in the mutants than in the wild type, consistent with the expectation that both enzymes are associated with lignin synthesis. However, the gene responsible for the lignin synthesis enzyme cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase was upregulated in the mutants, indicating that the production of monolignol from l-phenylalanine may involve more than one pathway. The identity of the differentially expressed genes could be useful for breeding sorghum with improved efficiency of bioethanol conversion from lignocellulosic biomass.
- Published
- 2012
241. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice seedling nurseries under flooding and moist irrigation regimes in Southeast China
- Author
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Shuwei Liu, Xiao-Mei Yang, Jianwen Zou, Ling Zhang, Zhengqin Xiong, Jingyan Jiang, and Nannan Chen
- Subjects
China ,Irrigation ,Environmental Engineering ,Nitrous Oxide ,engineering.material ,Global Warming ,Methane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Environmental Chemistry ,Organic manure ,Fertilizers ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Air Pollutants ,biology ,Flooding (psychology) ,Agriculture ,Oryza ,Nitrous oxide ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Floods ,Manure ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Seedling ,engineering ,Environmental science ,Fertilizer ,Environmental Monitoring ,Waterlogging (agriculture) - Abstract
Measurements of methane (CH(4)) and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) fluxes have been extensively taken following rice seedlings transplanted into paddy fields, while little is known about CH(4) and N(2)O fluxes from rice seedling nurseries. Fluxes of CH(4) and N(2)O were simultaneously measured in rice seedling nurseries under the water regimes of continuous flooding and moist irrigation without waterlogging in Southeast China in 2010. Fluxes of CH(4) and N(2)O from continuously flooded nurseries averaged 10.33-14.84 mg m(-2) h(-1) and 28.64-34.35 μg N(2)O-Nm(-2) h(-1) for the different fertilizer applied plots, respectively. Relative to continuous flooding, moist irrigation decreased total CH(4) by 14-50% but increased N(2)O by 72-186%, dependent on the fertilizer types. Compared with inorganic N fertilizer, organic manure application increased CH(4) by 44% and 148% in the continuously flooded and moist irrigation nurseries, respectively. Rice seedling growth parameters were the greatest in moist irrigation nurseries with inorganic N fertilizer application. Moist irrigation instead of continuous waterlogging and shifts from organic manure to combined organic/inorganic N fertilizer inputs have been increasingly experienced in Chinese rice seedling nurseries, which would benefit for mitigating the combined global warming potentials of CH(4) and N(2)O from rice seedling nurseries in China.
- Published
- 2012
242. Fe(III) fertilization mitigating net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in paddy rice-wheat rotation systems in China
- Author
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Ling Zhang, Jianwen Zou, Qiaohui Liu, and Shuwei Liu
- Subjects
Greenhouse Effect ,Carbon Sequestration ,China ,Iron ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Nitrous Oxide ,engineering.material ,Toxicology ,Global Warming ,Methane ,Carbon Cycle ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Air Pollution ,Fertilizers ,Environmental Restoration and Remediation ,Triticum ,Air Pollutants ,Primary production ,Agriculture ,Oryza ,General Medicine ,Soil carbon ,Nitrous oxide ,Pollution ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Greenhouse gas ,Carbon dioxide ,engineering ,Paddy field ,Environmental science ,Fertilizer - Abstract
A complete accounting of net greenhouse gas balance (NGHGB) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) affected by Fe(III) fertilizer application was examined in typical annual paddy rice-winter wheat rotation cropping systems in southeast China. Annual fluxes of soil carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) were measured using static chamber method, and the net ecosystem exchange of CO 2 (NEE) was determined by the difference between soil CO 2 emissions ( R H ) and net primary production (NPP). Fe(III) fertilizer application significantly decreased R H without adverse effects on NPP of rice and winter wheat. Fe(III) fertilizer application decreased seasonal CH 4 by 27–44%, but increased annual N 2 O by 65–100%. Overall, Fe(III) fertilizer application decreased the annual NGHGB and GHGI by 35–47% and 30–36%, respectively. High grain yield and low greenhouse gas intensity can be reconciled by Fe(III) fertilizer applied at the local recommendation rate in rice-based cropping systems.
- Published
- 2012
243. The Visible Human Projects in Korea and China with improved images and diverse applications
- Author
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Shuwei Liu, Lin Yuan, Min Suk Chung, Jingxing Dai, Dong Sun Shin, and Rongmei Qu
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,China ,Computer processing ,Stereoscopy ,computer.software_genre ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,law.invention ,Young Adult ,law ,Cadaver ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Medicine ,Computer Simulation ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Korea ,Education, Medical ,Multimedia ,business.industry ,Photography ,Infant ,Visible Human Projects ,Middle Aged ,Clinical Practice ,Three dimensional imaging ,Female ,Surgery ,Anatomy ,business ,computer ,Strengths and weaknesses - Abstract
The Visible Human Projects, which were launched in the United States, have also been developed in Korea and China during the past decade. This article includes the new trials to promote a variety of their applications. In a Korean laboratory, whole bodies of two cadavers were serially sectioned (Visible Korean), while two Chinese institutes have sectioned nine cadavers (Chinese Visible Human and Virtual Chinese Human). For acquiring sectioned images and stereoscopic models of better quality, appropriate cadavers were chosen; equipments and techniques for embedding, sectioning, photography, and computer processing were continuously improved in the two countries. To facilitate the research, Korean and Chinese scientists have visited each other. The sectioned images with thinner intervals (0.2 mm or less) and higher resolution were obtained. From the advanced data, the segmented images of comprehensive structures were prepared to construct three-dimensional models. Then, cross-sectional images and models were offered for medical education and clinical practice such as electronic anatomy atlas and virtual lumbar puncture. Every project has its strengths and weaknesses with regard to the image data; users in the world can choose the project that best suits their needs.
- Published
- 2012
244. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition reduces cerebral vasospasm following a subarachnoid hemorrhage injury in canines
- Author
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Junhao Yan, Hongbin Han, Weiguang Zhang, Haiwei Meng, Chunhua Chen, Shuwei Liu, Nikan H. Khatibi, Qin Hu, Mitsuo Yamaguchi-Okada, and Changman Zhou
- Subjects
Male ,Subarachnoid hemorrhage ,Morpholines ,Pharmacology ,Cisterna magna ,Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ,Dogs ,Cerebral vasospasm ,Developmental Neuroscience ,medicine ,Animals ,Vasospasm, Intracranial ,cardiovascular diseases ,Protein kinase A ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Cell Proliferation ,Sirolimus ,biology ,business.industry ,TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Vasospasm ,Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ,medicine.disease ,nervous system diseases ,Proliferating cell nuclear antigen ,Neurology ,Anesthesia ,biology.protein ,Immunohistochemistry ,Female ,business - Abstract
article i nfo Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a vital role in regulating growth, proliferation, survival, and protein synthesis among cells. In the present study, we in- vestigated the role of the mTOR pathway following subarachnoid hemorrhage brain injury — specifically in- vestigating its ability to mediate the activation of cerebral vasospasm. Additionally, we investigated whether key signaling pathway molecules such as the mTOR, P70S6K1, and 4E-BP1 play a role in the process. Thirty dogs were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham, SAH (subarachnoid hemorrhage), SAH+DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), SAH+Rapamycin and SAH+AZD8055. An established canine double-hemorrhage model of SAH was used by injecting autologous arterial blood into the cisterna magna on days 0 and 2. Angiography was performed at days 0 and 7. Clinical behavior, histology, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot of mTOR, P70S6K1, 4E-BP1 and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) in the basilar arteries were examined. In the SAH and SAH+DMSO groups, severe angiographic vasospasm was obtained (34.3±19.8%, 38.4±10.3) compared with that in Sham (93.9±5.0%) respectively. mTOR, P70S6K1, 4E-BP1 and PCNA increased in the sample of spastic basilar arteries (pb0.05). In the SAH+RAPA and SAH+AZD8055 groups, Rapamycin and AZD8055 attenuated angiographic vasospasm (62.3±15.9% and 65.2±10.3%) while improving appetite and activity scores (pb0.05) on days 5 through 7. Rapamycin and AZD8055 significantly reduced the level and expression of mTOR, P70S6K1, 4E-BP1 and PCNA (pb0.05). In conclusion, our study suggests that the mTOR molecular signaling pathway plays a significant role in cerebral vasospasm following SAH, and that in- hibition of the mTOR pathway has the potential to become an attractive strategy to treat vasospasm following SAH.
- Published
- 2012
245. Heritability of the Effective Connectivity in the Resting-State Default Mode Network
- Author
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Zengchang Pang, Haitao Ge, Yan Han, Junhai Xu, Baolin Liu, Xuntao Yin, Karl J. Friston, and Shuwei Liu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Adolescent ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Rest ,Inheritance Patterns ,Cognitive neuroscience ,Biology ,Structural equation modeling ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Neural activity ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neural Pathways ,Twins, Dizygotic ,Humans ,Default mode network ,Causal model ,Brain Mapping ,Models, Statistical ,Resting state fMRI ,Models, Genetic ,Brain ,Twins, Monozygotic ,Heritability ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,030104 developmental biology ,Endophenotype ,Female ,Gene-Environment Interaction ,human activities ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) is thought to reflect endogenous neural activity, which is considered as one of the most intriguing phenomena in cognitive neuroscience. Previous studies have found that key regions within the DMN are highly interconnected. Here, we characterized the genetic influences on causal or directed information flow within the DMN during the resting state. In this study, we recruited 46 pairs of twins and collected fMRI imaging data using a 3.0 T scanner. Dynamic causal modeling was conducted for each participant, and a structural equation model was used to calculate the heritability of DMN in terms of its effective connectivity. Model comparison favored a full-connected model. Structural equal modeling was used to estimate the additive genetics (A), common environment (C) and unique environment (E) contributions to variance for the DMN effective connectivity. The ACE model was preferred in the comparison of structural equation models. Heritability of DMN effective connectivity was 0.54, suggesting that the genetic made a greater contribution to the effective connectivity within DMN. Establishing the heritability of default-mode effective connectivity endorses the use of resting-state networks as endophenotypes or intermediate phenotypes in the search for the genetic basis of psychiatric or neurological illnesses.
- Published
- 2015
246. Synthesis, Structure, and Physical Properties of 5,7,14,16-Tetraphenyl-8:9,12:13-bisbenzo-hexatwistacene
- Author
-
Qichun Zhang, Xiao Wei Sun, Jinchong Xiao, Li Ji, Shuwei Liu, Hua Zhang, Xue-Wei Liu, Yi Liu, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering, and School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Subjects
Models, Molecular ,Molecular Structure ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,Stereochemistry ,Band gap ,Organic Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Dihedral angle ,Hydrocarbons, Aromatic ,Biochemistry ,Redox ,Semiconductor ,Terphenyl Compounds ,OLED ,Physical chemistry ,business ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) ,Diode ,Common emitter - Abstract
A novel compound, 5,7,14,16-tetraphenyl-8:9,12:13-bisbenzo-hexatwistacene (TBH), has been successfully synthesized through a retro-Diels-Alder reaction. Single-crystal structure analysis indicated that TBH has a twisted configuration with a torsion angle of 27.34°. The HOMO-LUMO gap of TBH calculated from the difference between the half-wave redox potentials (E(1/2) (ox) =+0.40 eV and E(1/2)(red) =-1.78 eV) is 2.18 eV, which is in good agreement with the band gap (2.19 eV) derived from the UV/Vis absorption data. In addition, organic light-emitting devices using TBH as emitter have been fabricated. The results revealed that TBH is a promising red light-emitting candidate for applications in organic light-emitting diodes.
- Published
- 2011
247. Development of fetal brain of 20 weeks gestational age: Assessment with post-mortem Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Author
-
Taifei Yu, Xiangtao Lin, Fang Fang, Fengchao Zang, Zhonghe Zhang, Shuwei Liu, and Gao-Jun Teng
- Subjects
Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Central nervous system ,Intraparietal sulcus ,Laminar organization ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Fetus ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Brain ,Gestational age ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Lobe ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Postcentral sulcus ,Pregnancy Trimester, Second ,Female ,Autopsy ,business - Abstract
Background The 20th week gestational age (GA) is at mid-gestation and corresponds to the age at which the termination of pregnancy in several countries and the first Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can be performed, and at which the premature babies may survive. However, at present, very little is known about the exact anatomical character at this GA. Objective To delineate the developing fetal brain of 20 weeks GA and obtain the three dimensional visualization model. Materials and methods 20 fetal specimens were scanned by 3.0 T and 7.0 T post-mortem MRI, and the three dimensional visualization model was obtained with Amira 4.1. Results Most of the sulci or their anlage, except the postcentral sulcus and intraparietal sulcus, were present. The laminar organization, described as layers with different signal intensities, was most clearly distinguished at the parieto-occipital lobe and peripheral regions of the hippocampus. The basal nuclei could be clearly visualized, and the brain stem and cerebellum had formed their common shape. On the visualization model, the shape and relative relationship of the structures could be appropriately delineated. The ranges of normal values of the brain structures were obtained, but no sexual dimorphisms or cerebral asymmetries were found. Conclusions The developing fetal brain of 20 weeks GA can be clearly delineated on 3.0 T and 7.0 T post-mortem MRIs, and the three dimensional visualization model supplies great help in precise cognition of the immature brain. These results may have positive influences on the evaluation of the fetal brain in the uterus.
- Published
- 2011
248. Development of the human fetal cerebellum in the second trimester: a post mortem magnetic resonance imaging evaluation
- Author
-
Haiwei Meng, Fang Fang, Fei Liu, Shuwei Liu, Zhonghe Zhang, Taifei Yu, Fengchao Zang, Zhenping Li, Xiangtao Lin, and Gao-Jun Teng
- Subjects
Fetus ,Cerebellum ,Histology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Gestational age ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Cell Biology ,Anatomy ,Fourth ventricle ,Tentorium ,Dentate nucleus ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Posterior cranial fossa ,medicine ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The cerebellum is one of the most important structures in the posterior cranial fossa, but the characterization of its development by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is incomplete. We scanned 40 fetuses that had no morphological brain disorder at 14-22 weeks of gestation using 7.0 T MRI. Amira 4.1 software was used to determine morphological parameters of the fetal cerebellum, which included the cerebellar volume (CV), transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD), and the length and width of the vermis. The relationship between these measurements and gestational age (GA) was analysed. We found that the primary fissure was visible at week 14 of gestation. From week 16, the prepyramidal fissure, the secondary fissure and the dentate nucleus could be identified. The posterolateral fissure and the fourth ventricle were recognized at week 17, whereas the tentorium of the cerebellum was visible at week 20. The relationships between GA and CV, TCD, and the width and length of the vermis were described adequately by second-order polynomial regression curves. The ratios between TCD and vermis length and between TCD and vermis width decreased with GA. These results show that 7.0 T MRI can show the trajectory of cerebellar development clearly. They increase our understanding of normal cerebellar development in the fetus, and will facilitate the diagnosis of pathological intrauterine changes in the cerebellum.
- Published
- 2011
249. Measurements using 7.0 T post‐mortem magnetic resonance imaging of the scalar dimensions of the fetal brain between 12 and 20 weeks gestational age
- Author
-
Xiangtao Lin, Taifei Yu, Haiwei Meng, Gao-Jun Teng, Shuwei Liu, Zhongyu Hou, Fengchao Zang, Zhonghe Zhang, and Fang Fang
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Central nervous system ,Gestational Age ,Fetal brain ,Fetus ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Post mortem magnetic resonance imaging ,Brain ,Gestational age ,Developmentally Appropriate Practice ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Confidence interval ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,Autopsy ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
In this study, scalar values for the fetal brain from 12 to 20 weeks gestational age were obtained. Fifty-two fetal specimens of 12–20 weeks gestational age with an anatomically normal and developmentally appropriate central nervous system (CNS) were scanned using a 7.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. The linear biometric measurements of the brain were then determined. All the measurements (except for the interhemispheric distance) were found to increase linearly with gestational age, although each increased at a different growth rates. The 95% confidence interval for each value was obtained. These data may be considered to be a valuable reference for the assessment of normal fetal brain development in clinical settings and as a supplement to post-mortem MRI or anatomical investigations.
- Published
- 2011
250. Efficient extraction of singlet–triplet excitons for high-efficient white organic light-emitting diode with a multilayer emission region
- Author
-
Shuwei Liu, Y. Divayana, Xiao Wei Sun, and Aung Ko Ko Kyaw
- Subjects
Organic electronics ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,Quantum yield ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Biomaterials ,Color rendering index ,Materials Chemistry ,OLED ,Optoelectronics ,Quantum efficiency ,Singlet state ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Chromaticity ,business ,Phosphorescence - Abstract
We reported a highly efficient white organic light-emitting diode (WOLED) with a multilayer emission region made of sequentially evaporated host and guest layers. The singlet and triplet excitons were harvested in two separate channels. An external quantum efficiency of 16.3% photons/electron (∼41 cd/A) was achieved with a good color rendering index (CRI) of 76, and a Commission Internationale de l’eclairage (CIE) coordinate of (x = 0.38, y = 0.46). At brightness of 100 and 500 cd/m2, the external quantum efficiencies reached 11% and 10%, respectively. The performance of the WOLED is better than that fabricated by co-evaporation method due to an improved exciton capture and emission efficiencies. This work presents an alternative way of fabricating WOLED.
- Published
- 2011
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