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In Ayurveda classics it is quoted that grains must be used between 1 - 2 years after its production while consumption of new grains should be avoided as its long term intake causes harmful effect on body as it is said to be Guru i.e. difficult to digest and Abhishyandi i.e. increases secretions of internal organs. It is said to be one of the cause for manifestation of Prameha which is being correlated with Diabetes mellitus on the basis of symptoms. Grains are major part of Indian diet. Present study aims at comparison between 1 year old and new Mudga [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] on the basis of physico-chemical and nutritional analysis. Mudga has been selected as it is most commonly used and have great therapeutic efficacy. Â

Samsakara (transformation) and Samyoga (combination) play major role in pharmaceutics. Samsakara is defined as Gunantaradhanam (transformation). Swedana is Agni Sannikarsha Samsakara. The changes in finished product because of Swedana Samsakara with two different media Jala and Gomutra can be perceived at pharmacognostical and phytochemical levels. Aims: To compare role of Swedana Samsakara with two different media Jala and Gomutra on basis of phyto-pharmacognostical, HPTLC and UV-VIS-NIR Reflectance (180-2500nm) study. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 3 samples were prepared viz. Haritaki Churna (Powder) (GH-1), Gomutra Swedita Haritaki(GH-3) and Jala Swedita Haritaki (GH-5), to compare role of Swedana Samsakara on basis of Pharmacognostical (powder microscopy), Pharmaceutical, HPTLC densitogram and UV-VIS-NIR reflectance (180-2500nm) study. Results: The samples prepared with different media showed difference in pharmacognostical, pharmaceutical, HPTLC and UV-VIS-NIR findings. Gomutra Swedita Haritaki(GH-3) had highest variation in all Phyto-Pharmacognostical, HPTLC and UV-VIS-NIR. Powder microscopy of GH-3 showed clumped epicarp cells, squashed mesocarp cells (not clear), parenchyma cells with brown content, cellular content was darker (brown) and crystalline material etc. Phytochemical parameters showed pH (7.0), loss on drying (9.303%w/w), ash value (15.84%w/w), water soluble extract (57.2%w/w), and alcohol soluble extract (43.5% w/w). HPTLC showed eight peaks at 256nm and 366nm. In UV-VIS-NIR, GH-3 has higher variation while other sample has higher leverage. GH-3 has apparent different profile from GH-1, GH-5. Conclusions: Swedana Samsakara effect was seen in both Jala and Gomutra but media (Samyoga) plays leading role to establish desired Gunas (qualities) and Karma (therapeutic action) in the final product.Â

Basti therapy is used widely for treatment of various diseases in the field of Ayurveda with several proven clinical applications, however; the exact mechanism through which the benefits are obtained are yet to be ascertained in the light of the contemporary developments in clinical science. It is also not clear that when administered Basti the active principles in the formulation gain entry in to the systemic circulation or not. The present study was planned to acquire some preliminary data with regards to the absorption of phytochemical constituents of the formulations when administered in the form of Basti. Gallic acid was used as marker compound and it's absorption in systemic circulation was assessed using high performance liquid chromatography. Gallic acid present in Lekhana Basti (Emaciating/ Desiccating Medicated Enema) was found to get absorbed in to systemic circulation. Maximum concentration in serum was seen in the animal which received Lekhana Basti with Prakshepa Dravya ( Catalytic Adjuvant) in comparison to animal which received Lekhana Basti without Prakshepa Dravya. Area under curve in chromatogram was also more in animal which received Lekhana Basti with Prakshepa Dravya. From primary evidence created by HPLC study it can be said that, phytochemicals of the Basti formulation do get absorbed in systemic circulation.

Some New Aspects of Mycoplasmal Infections in Plants

Survey work on Animal Nutrition in Rajasthan

We herein present an extremely rare occurrence of primary intratesticular leiomyosarcoma. A 65-year-old patient presented with painless enlargement of the right testis. A high inguinal orchiectomy was done. Histopathological examination of the excised mass was consistent with high-grade leiomyosarcoma. Pertinent literature is reviewed and the importance of excluding the germ cell tumor and the paratesticular neoplasm is emphasized.