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Aiming at the characteristics of high power consumption and abundant waste heat resources in data centers, the integrated energy systems of data center are constructed by combining CO2heat pump and compressed CO2energy storage. Considering different stages of compression and expansion in energy storage, System I and System II are proposed. The systems can continuously provide cooling to data center through the CO2heat pump, and can also store the low-cost electricity so as to supply power to data center during the peak electricity consumption period. Meanwhile, hot water can also be provided by fully extracting the residual heat from the systems. Furthermore, to investigate system performances, the thermal and economic models are developed. On this basis, the thermal and economic performances for the two systems are analyzed in detail under design conditions. The results indicate that when providing cooling capacity of 5000 kW for data center, the Coefficient of Performance (COP) of heat pump is 7.22, and Round-Trip Efficiency (RTE) of System I and System II are 56.94 % and 55.85 % respectively. Systems I and System II can provide 879.26 tons and 1158.73 tons of domestic hot water, respectively. The total system capital cost is 234.35 × 104$ for System I, and 344.45 × 104$ for System II. Accordingly, the payback periods are 12.71 years and 11.19 years respectively. Furthermore, the effects of pressures on the system performances are also analyzed. The results show that every 0.5 MPa increase for heat pump outlet pressure, RTE of System II increases by 0.6 %, but the effect on System I is not significant.

Organometallic halide perovskite solar cells such as MAPbI3have shown great promise as a low-cost, high-efficiency photovoltaic candidate. Recent studies demonstrated that by substituting an appropriate amount I ions of MAPbI3with Br ions, the device performance parameters, such as moisture stability or power conversion efficiency, can be further optimized. In this study, using time-resolved optical reflectivity to track the carrier dynamics in MAPb(I1–xBrx)3films with different Br contents, we found that photocarriers in MAPb(I1–xBrx)3films with x= 0.01 and 0.02 diffuse much faster than those in films with other Br contents. We suggest that the faster charge carrier diffusion benefits from larger crystal grain size. As a result, this suppresses electron and hole recombination and increases the carrier extraction efficiency, in agreement with the higher power conversion efficiency reported previously.

In this paper, we simplified the research object of the paper., the low-carbon supply chain is simplified to a secondary supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer, meanwhile, considering the context of the cap-and-trade market, and the manufacturer exists uncertainty in production in the actual production process. There is a linear function relationship between the market demand q which is predicted by the distributor and the sales price p, and the low carbon behave of the consumer will have a greater impact on the profit of the manufacturing enterprise, and the low carbon supply will be studied based on the above assumptions. First, consider the supply chain profit model under the centralized situation, and solve the sales price and carbon emission reduction under the centralized situation; secondly, consider the profit model under the decentralization situation. This paper aims to help manufacturers and retailers develop operational strategies in a low-carbon environment through the construction of models.

In order to study the negative impact of supplier cash flow shortage on the efficiency of the supply chain with stochastic market demand, we take a secondary pull supply chain involving a single product consisting of a risk-neutral supplier and a risk-neutral retailer as the research object and establish a dynamic game model in which the supplier suffers from cash flow shortage with wholesale price and production quantity as endogenous variables. The results show that the supplier’s cash flow shortage will reduce the supplier’s optimal production quantity, thereby reducing the efficiency of the supply chain. In order to improve the efficiency of the supply chain, the retailer provides prepayment for the supplier and obtains the price discount for the reserved product, we establish a dynamic game model that considers the opportunity cost of the retailer and obtain the optimal decisions for both parties.

The effect and mechanism of preharvest and postharvest ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on anthocyanin biosynthesis during blueberry development were investigated. The results showed that preharvest UV-B,C and postharvest UV-A,B,C irradiation significantly promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis and the transcripts of late biosynthetic genes (LBG) VcDFR, VcANS, VcUFGT, and VcMYBtranscription factor as well as DFR and UFGT activities in anthocyanin pathway in a UV wavelength- and developmental stage-dependent manner. VcMYBexpression was positively correlated with that of VcANSand VcUFGTand coincided with anthocyanin biosynthesis responding to the UV radiation. Sugar decreased during postharvest but increased during preharvest UV radiation in mature fruit. Our results indicate that UV-responsive production of anthocyanins is mainly caused by the activation of anthocyanin downstream pathway genes, which could be upregulated by VcMYB. Furthermore, different potential response mechanisms may exist between preharvest and postharvest UV radiation in blueberries, involving a systemic response in living plants and a nonsystemic response in postharvest fruit.

The ridge-tail white prawn, Exopalaemon carinicauda, is an important economic shrimp in the mariculture of China, especially in Jiangsu Province. The “zombie disease” of ridge-tail prawn is a new epidemic that is a highly transmissible and pathogenic fungal disease caused by Metschnikowia bicuspidateinfection. To understand the response mechanism of E. carinicaudaafter M. bicuspidateinfection, the hepatopancreas of shrimp injected with M. bicuspidateMQ2101 and normal saline solution were used for proteomics analysis. A total of 5078 proteins were identified, of which 1708 proteins were identified as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs, 1311 upregulated and 397 downregulated) using a 1.2-fold change in expression as a physiologically significant benchmark. These DEPs were mainly involved in cellular processes, single-organism processes, and metabolic processes in the GO enrichment analysis and metabolism, translation, signal transduction, cell growth and death, and immune system pathways in the KEGG enrichment analysis. The DEPs related to immunity and metabolism were significantly changed, such as CTSB, CPs, DSP1, GDP, and ADH3, and these proteins might be potential determinants of E. carinicaudaresponses to M. bicuspidatainfection. qRTPCR was used to detect changes in the expression of nine DEP-related genes at the transcriptional level to validate the proteomics analysis results, and the results of the transcription tendencies in qRTPCR were consistent with proteomics analysis. The results of this study might provide an important theoretical basis for the response mechanism of ridge-tail white prawns to M. bicuspidateinfection and scientific prevention and control of this fungus in ridge-tail white prawn aquaculture.