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Supplementary Figure from CircRPN2 Inhibits Aerobic Glycolysis and Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Supplementary Data from CircRPN2 Inhibits Aerobic Glycolysis and Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Although circular RNAs (circRNA) are known to modulate tumor initiation and progression, their role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis remains poorly understood. Here, three metastasis-associated circRNAs identified in a previous circRNA-sequencing study were screened and validated in two HCC cohorts. CircRPN2 was downregulated in highly metastatic HCC cell lines and HCC tissues with metastasis. Patients with HCC with lower circRPN2 levels displayed shorter overall survival and higher rates of cumulative recurrence. Mechanistic studies in vitro and in vivo revealed that circRPN2 binds to enolase 1 (ENO1) and accelerates its degradation to promote glycolytic reprogramming through the AKT/mTOR pathway, thereby inhibiting HCC metastasis. CircRPN2 also acted as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-183–5p, which increases forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) expression to suppress glucose metabolism and tumor progression. In clinical samples, circRPN2 expression negatively correlated with ENO1 and positively correlated with FOXO1, and expression of circRPN2, either alone or in combination with ENO1 and FOXO1, was a novel indicator of HCC prognosis. These data support a model wherein circRPN2 inhibits HCC aerobic glycolysis and metastasis via acceleration of ENO1 degradation and regulation of the miR-183–5p/FOXO1 axis, suggesting that circRPN2 represents a possible therapeutic target in HCC.Significance:The circRNA circRPN2 is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma that suppresses aerobic glycolysis and metastasis.

Bio-oil emulsions were stabilized using coconut shell coke, modified amphiphilic graphene oxide, and hydrophobic nano-fumed silica as solid emulsifiers. The effects of different particles on the stability of bio-oil emulsions were discussed. Over 21 days, the average droplet size of raw bio-oil increased by 64.78%, while that of bio-oil Pickering emulsion stabilized by three particles only changed within 20%. The bio-oil Pickering emulsion stabilized by Ni/SiO2 was then used for catalytic hydrodeoxygenation. It was found that the bio-oil undergoes polymerization during catalytic hydrogenation. For raw bio-oil hydrodeoxygenation, the polymerization reaction was little affected by the temperature below 200 °C, but when the temperature raised to 250 °C, it was greatly accelerated. However, the polymerization of monocyclic aromatic compounds in the reaction process was partially inhibited under the bio-oil Pickering emulsion system. Additionally, a GC-MS analysis was performed on raw bio-oil and hydrodeoxygenated bio-oil to compare the change in GC-MS-detectable components after hydrodeoxygenation at 200 °C. The results showed that the Pickering emulsion catalytic system greatly promoted the hydrodeoxygenation of phenolic compounds in bio-oil, with most monocyclic phenolic compounds detected by GC-MS converting to near 100%.

Interfacial pH is critical to electrocatalytic reactions involving proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) processes, and maintaining an optimal interfacial pH at the electrochemical interface is required to achieve high activity. However, the interfacial pH varies inevitably during the electrochemical reaction owing to slow proton transfer at the interfacial layer, even in buffer solutions. It is therefore necessary to find an effective and general way to promote proton transfer for regulating the interfacial pH. In this study, we propose that promoting proton transfer at the interfacial layer can be used to regulate the interfacial pH in order to enhance electrocatalytic activity. By adsorbing a bifunctional 4-mercaptopyridine (4MPy) molecule onto the catalyst surface

Scratch, a kind of visual programming software, has been widely used in instruction for primary school children. Scratch constructs a digital world for children to design, develop, and create coursework in which their creative thinking is fostered. Different instructional methods have been designed and implemented to stimulate children’s creative thinking skills through their coursework. This study investigated whether scaffolding construction with mind mapping promoted children’s creative thinking in a Scratch course. Two groups of 84 fifth-grade pupils participated in the study. The experimental group of 44 students adopted the scaffolding construction with mind mapping in the Scratch course, while the control group of 40 students did not use the mind mapping method. The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-Figural (TTCT-F) and Torrance Creative Personality Self-Report Scale were used three times over the 16-week learning period. The results show that learning in the Scratch course promoted the children’s creative thinking. The difference between the two groups indicates that mind mapping was beneficial to improve the children’s creative thinking.

The heart is one of the most important organs of the human body. It circulates blood throughout the human body and delivers oxygen and nutrients to all the organs for metabolism. Cardiac muscle contraction results in blood circulation, which maintains the body temperature at approximately 37 °C. If the cardiac function is abnormal, then the body temperature will be affected. The cardiac function degenerates as the human body ages, and the degeneration can occasionally result in cardiovascular diseases. When the Internet of Medical Things is integrated into heart disease screening systems to detect heart diseases, people can perform self-examinations to evaluate whether their hearts exhibit irregularities for early heart disease detection. STM32 is used in this study as the main Internet-of-Medical Things controller and is combined with the Internet of Things devices—a sphygmomanometer cuff, temperature sensor, and pulse sensor—for instrument control and data acquisition. This assembly is used to develop a valvular heart disease screening system, whose structure incorporates deep learning for the development of fitting models and analysis. An experiment is performed where blood flow is blocked temporarily and released to observe changes in the surface temperature of the fingertip skin, and the blood supply capability of the heart is assessed indirectly based on the temperature change curve. Eighteen subjects were recruited in the experiment, where one subject exhibited cardiac valve insufficiency and arrhythmia. In the experiment, temperature curve variation data are successfully obtained from the healthy subjects, whereas the temperature curve irregularities of the patient with cardiac valve insufficiency are identified. This subject’s temperature range throughout three test steps is smaller by within 0.52 °C compared with those of most of the other subjects. In addition, during blood blocking and release, the overall temperature curve decreases, whereas some curves escalate first before plummeting slowly. The data analysis results show that the temperature curve variation and values of Subject 2 are similar to those of Subject 10, suggesting the incidence of valvular heart disease. This valvular heart disease screening system can successfully analyze and assess the characteristic signal values of patients with valvular heart disease.

Species of Phylloporus (Boletaceae, Boletales) in China were investigated using morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from the nuclear 28S rDNA D1–D2 domains, rDNA internal transcribed spacer region, and translation elongation factor 1-α gene. Ten species are recognized from China in the present study. Among them, P. alboinfuscatus, P. grossus, P. microsquamus, P. nigrisquamus, P. nigrobrunneus, and P. tenuissimus are new to science; and P. bogoriensis, P. castanopsidis, P. luxiensis, and P. subrubeolus are previously described. Phylloporus megacystidiatus, originally described from southwestern China, is likely conspecific with P. yunnanensis. A key to the Chinese species of Phylloporus is provided. A preliminary biogeographical analysis showed that the affinities of Phylloporus species between subtropical/tropical China and Thailand were evident, both regions share seven common taxa; P. nigrisquamus and P. microsquamus are closely related to taxa from North/Central America.