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Metal catalyzed, CVD-grown silicon nanowires decorated by chemical assembly of closely spaced Ag nanocrystals were modified with the well-known 'silver mirror' reaction and investigated as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman (SERS) and hyper-Raman (SEHRS) spectroscopy. Four chromophores were examined: Rhodamine 6G, crystal violet, a cyanine dye, and a cationic donor-acceptor substituted stilbene. After soaking the substrates overnight in [10.sup.-4] M aqueous chromophore solutions, all four chromophores gave good-quality SERS spectra in [less than or equal to] 60 s using < 1 [micro]W of 458-nm cw laser power, and SEHRS spectra are obtained in [less than or equal to] 120 s using < 1 mW of mode-locked 916-nm laser power. Results from this substrate are compared with those on colloidal silver nanoparticles deposited as a film, as well as surfaces grown by the silver mirror reaction.

The bulk synthesis of highly crystalline beta-gallium oxide tubes, nanowires, and nanopaintbrushes using molten gallium and microwave plasma containing a mixture of monatomic oxygen and hydrogen is demonstrated. Demonstration of this technique with gallium oxide presents a new route for synthesizing important metal oxides such as indium oxide, tin oxide, and zinc oxide directly from the respective metals.

Laser material processing at micro-meter domain can be used for a plethora of applications such as micro drilling, micro welding, micro cutting, micro-texturing as well as micro polishing. In laser micro-cutting, welding and drilling, a high power laser (Intensity ~1010 W/m2) is used to melt and vaporize the material to produce high penetration welds, kerf cuts, and high aspect ratio micro holes. Whereas, in the case of laser texturing, conduction mode welding and polishing, the laser power density is sufficiently low to allow only melting of the material. With the irradiance of high-intensity laser, generation of highly dynamic melt pool occurs due to the presence of vaporization induced recoil pressure, Young Laplace surface tension force, and thermo-capillary shear stress. The melt pool convection results in geometrical defects such as recast layer, porosity, spatter formation, humping, protuberances and melt ripples. These defects pose a severe challenge towards industry utilization of laser micro processing, where precision and repeatability is of utmost importance. Therefore, a competent numerical model considering three co-existing phases (solid-liquid-gas) is developed to predict defects and characterize different regimes through insights on micro-scale melt hydrodynamics. This paper gives an overview of characteristic melt pool hydrodynamics and associated defects in laser micro-processing operations. The developed model has been validated using experiments obtained with 1.07 μm SPI fiber laser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction:-Sexual assaults are inhuman crimes against individual as well as the whole society. This study was thus initiated to obtain statistical pattern of sexual assaults pertaining to analyze various aspects including socio-demography and victim assailant relation, other relevant factors. Materials and Method:- Inclusion Criteria :-all the victims/sexual offence survivors examined at SMS Medical College, Jaipur during 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018 Exclusion Criteria:- all the alleged cases of sexual offence whom consent could not be obtained. Results:- total 60 cases were studied. The mean age of the victims in present study was 20.98 years. 73.33% victims were from urban regions. 50% victims were educated. 70% victims in the present study were married. Most common place of commission of the crime was the victim's own home (46.67%). 43.34% victims reported within one week time period from the incidence. 88.33% victims were assaulted by a single person. 76.67% victims were assaulted by familiar persons. In 51.67% cases, the victim had been assaulted multiple times. In 85% cases, there was peno-vaginal intercourse. 71.67% cases had no injury in the present study. 3.33% victims got pregnant after the sexual assault. Conclusion:- Females of reproductive age group were the most common victims in the present study. Familiar persons committed the crime in most cases and victim's home was the most common site of occurrence. There was delayed reporting of the crime in most cases which was the main reason for loss of vital trace evidences. Suggestions:- Strict adherence to protocols for medical examination of victims of sexual assaults should be mandatory. Sex education should be provided to school students of teenage to increase awareness regarding medical and legal issues related to such events to increase the reporting of this crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data regarding the treatment of tandem carotid artery lesions at the bifurcation and ipsilateral, proximal common carotid artery (CCA) are limited. It has been suggested that concomitant treatment with carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and proximal ipsilateral carotid artery stenting confers a high risk of stroke and death. The objective of this study was to evaluate the technique and outcomes of this hybrid procedure at a single institution. A retrospective chart review was performed including patients who underwent CEA + ipsilateral carotid artery stenting for treatment of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease between December 2007 and April 2017. Primary endpoints were postoperative myocardial infarction, neurologic event, and perioperative mortality. Twenty-two patients (15 male [68%]) underwent CEA + ipsilateral carotid artery stenting with a mean follow-up of 67 ± 77 months. The mean age was 70.0 ± 6.1 years old, all with a prior smoking history (eight current smokers [64%]). Twelve patients (55%) were treated for symptomatic disease and three had a prior ipsilateral CEA (one also with CAS). Computed tomographic angiography imaging was performed preoperatively in 21 patients (95%). CEA was performed first in 18 patients (82%) followed by ipsilateral carotid artery stenting. CEA was performed with a patch in 20 and eversion endarterectomy in two patients. Ipsilateral CCA was stented in 21 patients (96%) and one innominate was stented in a patient with a right CEA. Additional endovascular interventions were performed in three patients: 1 innominate stent, 1 distal ipsilateral internal carotid artery stent, and 1 right subclavian artery stent. All proximal stents were placed with sheath access through the endarterectomy patch in 12 (55%), CCA in 7 (32%), and through the arteriotomy before patching in 3 (14%). Distal internal carotid artery clamping was performed in 18 (90%, available 20) of patients before ipsilateral carotid artery stenting. All proximal lesions were successfully treated endovascularly with no open conversion. One dissection was created and treated effectively with stenting. One perioperative stroke (4.5%) occurred in a patient treated for symptomatic disease, 1 postoperative myocardial infarction (4.5%), and 2 patients (9.1%) with cranial nerve injuries. There was one patient who expired within 30 days, shortly after discharge for unknown reasons. The mean length of stay was 2.6 ± 2.0 days. In appropriately selected patients, concomitant CEA and ipsilateral carotid artery stenting can be safely performed in high-risk patients with a low risk of myocardial infarction, neurologic events, and perioperative mortality when careful surgical technique is used, using direct carotid access, and distal carotid clamping for cerebral protection before stenting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]