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In recent years, studies on mixtures consisting of ionic liquids and organic solvents have gained importance for the application of such mixtures for new chemical processes and technologies in industries. In this contribution, new experimental excess molar enthalpies, H ijk E data of ternary 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [Bmmim][BF4] (i) + 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [Bmim][BF4] or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [Emim][BF4] (j) + cyclopentanone (CPO) or cyclohexanone (CHO) (k) mixtures, have been reported over the whole composition range at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The observed data have been satisfactorily correlated by Redlich–Kister equation for each mixture. The H ijk E values for [Bmmim][BF4] (i) + [Bmim][BF4] or [Emim][BF4] (j) + CPO (k) mixtures are positive over whole range of composition of xi and xj. The sign and magnitude of H ijk E values for [Bmmim][BF4] (i) + [Bmim][BF4] or [Emim][BF4] (j) + CHO (k) mixtures vary with the change in composition of the components of the mixtures. The H ijk E data have also been analyzed in terms of graph theory (which involves the topology of the molecule). It has been observed that estimated values by graph theory compare well with their corresponding experimental values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The syndromic approach has been the cornerstone of management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in developing countries. This strategy has had a considerable impact in decreasing the burden of STI in society. It offers the advantages of treating the infection at the first visit itself, reducing the risk of complications, non-reliance on laboratory diagnostics, and easy integration into the primary healthcare system. Nonetheless, it is not without limitations, most often criticized for its inability to treat asymptomatic cases. Syndromic management has been found to be satisfactory for genital ulcer disease and urethral discharge in several settings. However, its performance is not as good in the treatment of vaginal discharge syndrome, as it does not allow a distinction between cervicitis and vaginitis. Diagnostic validation and a review of its performance should be done periodically to keep abreast of the changing aetiology of various syndromes and patterns of drug susceptibility. Supplementing the syndromic approach with point-of-care tests and simple laboratory tests where available can improve its results. Further, healthcare professionals should be imparted training for optimum patient care. This narrative review critically appraises the syndromic approach to STIs, discusses the challenges that it faces, and offers suggestions to improve its performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration is one of the burning issues of the state like Jharkhand. Be it pull factors (high wages, city life, better opportunity etc) or push factors (like unemployment, poverty, pathogenic home environment, uneven land distribution, etc) the tribals which include both Sarna and Christian are compelled to leave their native place in search of their better livelihood prospct. The present study aimed to know the mental health problem faced by tribals during migration out of Dumka district of Jharkhand. Total 200 samples were taken of migrant and nonmigrant who include both male and female tribal groups. The stratified random technique was used to collect the data. Descriptive analysis was made to find out the result. The findings show that the migrant group is having more anxiety in compared to non-migrant groups of tribal people. Migrant male group of people are showing more psychopathic deviation, repression sensitization, anxiety, depression and hysterical symptoms, whereas female migrant group was found the psychiatric symptoms like anxiety, repression sensitization, depression and hysterical behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on a clinicopathological study of ashy dermatosis and lichen planus pigmentosus, patients with ashy dermatosis. Topics discussed include information on clinical, histological and dermoscopic features of lichen planus pigmentosus, pigmented cosmetic dermatitis and ashy dermatosis; observation of vacuolar basal cell damage of epidermis and superficial perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate; and observation of pseudoreticular pigment network.

In this paper, molar heat capacities (CP)123 data of 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [Bmmim][BF4] (1) + 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [Bmim][BF4] or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [Emim][BF4] (2) + cyclopentanone or cyclohexanone (3) mixtures have been reported over the entire range of composition at (293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15) K using micro-differential scanning calorimeter (Model—μDSC 7 Evo). The results have been utilized to calculate excess heat capacities CPE123 values of the studied mixtures. The CPE123 data have been fitted to Redlich–Kister equation to obtain ternary coefficients and standard deviations. The Moelwyn–Huggins concept of interaction between the surfaces of constituents of binary mixtures (Huggins in J Phys Chem 74:371–378, 1970) containing ionic liquid as one of the component has been extended to obtain expression (Graph theory) for CPE123 of ternary mixtures. The comparison between experimental and estimated values (Graph theory) suggests that while 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate exists as monomer, cyclopentanone or cyclohexanone exists as mixture of open and cyclic dimer. The results further support the various processes involved in the formation of present mixtures. The CPE123 values have also been tested in term of modified Flory’s theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immunofluorescence (IFM) antigen mapping is the most commonly used technique to diagnose and differentiate epidermolysis bullosa (EB). In India, IFM is limited to few research laboratories and is not readily available, making the diagnosis largely clinical and often inaccurate. Ob jective of the Study: To examine the diagnostic usefulness of immunohistochemistry (IHC) as compared to IFM in resource-limited settings.Methods: Forty-four consecutive EB patients were included in this study. IHC and IFM were performed on 7-µm frozen tissue sections using standard laboratory protocols with a limited panel of antibodies. The kappa coefficient of agreement was calculated with genetic analysis as the gold standard.Results: IFM and IHC accurately identified the subtype of EB in 80.9% (p < 0.001) of the cases, when a clear blister cavity was evident on biopsy. The sensitivities and specificities of IHC and IFM for diagnosing EB simplex, junctional EB, and dystrophic EB were 100, 100, and 60% and 82.4, 100, and 100%, respectively. IHC was equally effective (p < 0.001) in establishing the type of EB as IFM.Conclusions: IHC staining and its interpretation were simple and comparable to IFM. IHC had an advantage of showing subtle changes in the epidermal architecture that could not be appreciated on IFM and hence can be considered useful in resource-limited settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 5-month-old male child with an erythematous plaque on the right cheek and neck wherein he was diagnosed with infantile hemangioma. The patient underwent cutaneous ultrasonogram for the leasion. The patient had a skin biopsy that showed the proliferation of endothelial cells and capillaries. It also stresses the medical diagnosis of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome in the child.

Background: Lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) is a common cause of facial melanosis in the dark-skinned population. At present, information on dermoscopy and patch testing in LPP is limited.Objectives: To describe dermoscopic findings and study the role of patch testing in patients with LPP on the face.Methods: Facial lesions of 50 patients with LPP were studied dermoscopically, followed by histological evaluation. Patch and photopatch tests with the Indian Standard Series and Scandinavian series, respectively, and patient's own cosmetics were performed on all patients.Results: The most common dermoscopic finding was dots and/or globules (43/50, 86%) in different patterns: hem-like (20.9%), arcuate (18.6%), incomplete reticular (39.5%), complete reticular (7%), and not otherwise specified (14%). Other patterns were exaggerated pseudoreticular pattern, accentuation of pigmentation around follicular openings, targetoid appearance, and obliteration of the pigmentary network. There were 26 relevant patch tests in 17 (34%) patients: para-phenylenediamine (n = 5), nickel (n = 3), colophony, perfume mix and fragrance mix (n = 2 each), thiuram mix and 3,3,4,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (n = 1 each), and patients' own products (n = 9). The only positive photopatch test was to fentichlor. No clinical or histological finding differed significantly based on patch test results. The only dermoscopic finding to be statistically associated with a positive patch test was the non-characteristic arrangement of dots/globules (P = 0.042).Limitations: Dermoscopic features were not correlated with clinical features or disease duration. Implications of patch testing on the management of LPP cannot be commented upon as ours was a cross-sectional study.Conclusions: The present study describes the dermoscopic findings of facial lesions in LPP. Our patch test results suggest a probable role of allergens in causing LPP on the face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cyclophosphamide therapy is associated with several urological complications including urinary bladder malignancy. Data on urologic complications of chronic cyclophosphamide therapy for dermatologic conditions is not available.Objectives: To study the urocytological profile of pemphigus patients on long-term cyclophosphamide therapy.Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, consecutive patients who had received cyclophosphamide therapy for pemphigus for more than 12 months were included. All patients were subjected to urinalysis including microscopy, culture, and urine cytology. Immunocytochemical staining for cytokeratin 20 (CK-20) on urine sediments and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for nuclear membrane protein-22 (NMP-22) were performed in all cases. In patients with urinary symptoms, microscopic hematuria, or those detected with abnormal urine sediment cytology, NMP-22, and CK-20 positivity, cystoscopy, and other relevant investigations were also done.Results: A total of 44 patients (43 of pemphigus vulgaris and one of pemphigus foliaceus) were recruited. Mean duration of cyclophosphamide intake was 2.9 ± 1.7 years (range 1-8 years) with a mean cumulative dose of 53 ± 28.4 g (range 6.5-141 g). Twenty-one cases (47.7%) each were asymptomatic and symptomatic with episodic urinary symptoms [of which two had urinary tract infection (UTI)] and two patients had gross hematuria. Urine cytology revealed mild urothelial nucleomegaly with hyperchromasia in four patients. However, CK-20 and NMP-22 were negative in all samples. Cystoscopy was performed in 21 cases and did not reveal any sign of bladder malignancy.Limitations: A relatively small sample size and lack of long-term follow-up were limitations.Conclusions: In our study, no serious urologic complications were found in pemphigus cases on chronic cyclophosphamide therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupational dermatoses contribute to a significant portion of work-related diseases, especially in Asia, where a major portion of the workforce is in the unorganized sector. This review article is focussed on the frequency and pattern of occupational skin diseases reported across Asian countries and type of allergens implicated in different occupations. The literature was searched systematically using key words 'occupational dermatoses,' 'occupational skin disease' and name of each Asian country. Ninty five full-text articles were considered relevant and evaluated. Some of the dermatoses seen in industrial workers in Asian countries are similar to those in Western countries, including dermatoses due to chromate in construction and electroplating workers, epoxy resin, and chromate in painters, wood dust in workers in the furniture industry, azo dyes in textile workers and formaldehyde and chromates in those working in the leather and dyeing industries, dermatoses in domestic workers, chefs and health-care workers. Dermatoses in workers engaged in agriculture, beedi (tiny cigars) manufacture, agarbatti (incense sticks) production, fish processing, carpet weaving, sanitation and those working in coffee plantations and coal mines appear to be unique to Asian countries. Recognition of clinical patterns and geographic variations in occupational skin diseases will provide an impetus to further strengthen future research in these areas, as well as improving their management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This short review discusses the classification, pressure concentration isotherm (PCI) characterisation and applications of metal hydrides. Special attention is paid to describe the design criterion and fabrication of Sievert's apparatus and PCI characterisation methods of metal hydrides. Different classes of metal hydrides and their properties are broadly discussed. Also, some of the important applications of metal hydrides are presented. The absorption and desorption PCIs of four Lanthanum based alloys namely La0.9Ce0.1Ni5, La0.8Ce0.2Ni5, LaNi4.7Al0.3 and LaNi4.6Al0.4 are measured using volumetric method in the temperature range of 20 to 80 °C. Later, different PCI simulation models are compared, and Zhou's model is used to simulate the experimentally measured PCIs at different temperatures. It is found that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimentally measured results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vegetable brassicas, cytoplasmic male sterility ( CMS) system is the most preferred mechanism for hybrid seed production and Ogura cybrid cytoplasm is the only source used widely. Effects of the alien cybrid cytoplasm on important quality traits need to be understood for their effective use in breeding programme. In analysing 38 Ogura cybrid cytoplasm-based cauliflower CMS lines, it was revealed that introgression of Ogura cytoplasm resulted in significant alteration in important quality traits. Cupric reducing antioxidant activity and ferric reducing ability of plasma values were increased up to 5-10 times in different genotypes. Among 38 analysed CMS lines, concentration of plant pigments such as anthocyanin, total chlorophylls and ascorbic acid was reduced in 21, 17 and 32 genotypes, respectively. However, the concentration of total carotenoids and β-carotene was elevated in most of the CMS lines and total carotenoid was increased up to 20 times in the CMS line, Ogu13-85-2A. The results indicate the role of nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction and mitochondrial genome in determining concentration of different quality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pairs of low-temperature (La0.9Ce0.1Ni5 and La0.8Ce0.2Ni5) and high-temperature (LaNi4.7Al0.3 and LaNi4.6Al0.4) LaNi5 hydrides were used for thermodynamic analysis of metal hydride-based solid sorption refrigeration system (SSRS). In general, static pressure-concentration isotherm (PCI) properties were considered for the thermodynamic analysis of solid sorption thermodynamic cycles. But, the hydrogen transfer processes involved in the thermodynamic cycle are dynamic in nature. Therefore, in the present study, the dynamic PCIs of these metal hydrides were measured at different temperatures and compared with their static PCIs. Significant variation in PCI and thermodynamic properties were observed in dynamic conditions compared with static conditions. Later, the performance of SSRS was determined by using static and dynamic PCI properties. Refrigeration effect and coefficient of performance of SSRS decreased by 60% and 35% respectively, when dynamic (at 80 mi/min) PCI data were considered. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organization and management of huge satellite data products (remote sensing imagery) is a huge task. Traditional methods of managing the remote sensing satellite data products like file-based structure is the simplest and cheapest way of organizing data. The major disadvantage of file-based organization is data inconsistency and difficulty in handling unanticipated queries. Other approaches like use of proprietary relational database management system software’s are costly and demand specific skills. To reduce the cost and ease for managing the satellite products, this study has been attempted. Available open-source libraries (Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL), Openlayers) have been customized to give an end to end solution for remote sensing satellite data management. Different software modules have been developed for metadata generation, organization of satellite data as service, cataloguing, clipping and retrieval of data for area of interest (AOI) on demand. A case study of disaster management has been attempted to show case the efficiency of the software modules developed using open-source libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Trichoscopy is an office tool used in the diagnosis of alopecia but its utility has not been assessed.Objectives: To compare the trichoscopic characteristics of different types of alopecia, identify features of diagnostic value, and to determine the utility of trichoscopy in the diagnosis of alopecia.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in patients with alopecia. After clinical assessment and relevant investigations, trichoscopy was performed using a non-polarized trichoscope (×10). The utility of trichoscopy in difficult cases of alopecia was assessed statistically.Results: One hundred and twenty patients of alopecia (90 non-cicatricial, 30 cicatricial) were recruited. The diagnosis was made on the basis of a detailed history and clinical examination, and confirmed by biopsy and relevant investigations in difficult cases. Yellow dots (63.3%) were the most common trichoscopic feature followed by thin hair (40.8%). Among the 21 difficult cases of alopecia, trichoscopy was diagnostic in 19 (90.5%). Statistically significant features on intergroup comparison included black dots (Fischer's exact test, P< 0.001), cadaverized hair (P = 0.024), exclamation mark hair (P < 0.001) in alopecia areata; diameter diversity more than 20% (P < 0.001) and thin hair (P < 0.001) in androgenetic alopecia; broken hair of different lengths (P < 0.001), frayed hair (P < 0.001), split ends (P < 0.001) in trichotillomania; comma hair (P < 0.001) in tinea capitis and arborizing blood vessels in discoid lupus erythematosus (P = 0.012).Limitations: The small number of patients in some types of alopecia was a limiting factor.Conclusions: Trichoscopy is useful in the differential diagnosis of alopecia. Among the various trichoscopic findings, those of diagnostic value were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]