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Deep-red-emitting Mn4+ activated oxide phosphors are the hot research topic due to their potential applications in indoor plant cultivation LEDs. In this paper, a novel double-perovskite LiLaMgTeO6:Mn4+ phosphor was firstly prepared by high-temperature solid-state reaction method and its structure of the phosphor was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations using VASP provide an insight into the bandgap and electronic structures of the LiLaMgTeO6 host. Under UV or blue excitation, LiLaMgTeO6:Mn4+ shows a good stability and bright far-red light in the 540–800 nm range with the maximum at 708 nm, which matches well with the absorption band of phytochrome PFR, indicating its potential application in improving plant growth. The optimal Mn4+ doping concentration was approximately 0.6 mol%. Furthermore, a white-LEDs device made of a 365 nm chip coated with present phosphor and commercial green, blue phosphors was designed for indoor plant cultivation. The results indicate that the LiLaMgTeO6: Mn4+ phosphor possesses great application prospect in white-LEDs for plant cultivation.

This work reports on ratiometric optical thermometers consisting of luminescent lanthanide complexes, namely Ln-PDC (Ln = Nd, Nd1.43Yb0.57, Gd1.45Nd0.40Yb0.15, PDC = pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate). The fluorescence intensity ratio techniques based on emissions of Stark sublevels of 4F3/2 (Nd3+) excited state for Nd3+-single doped sample, and the intensity ratio of Stark sublevels emissions which is severally from Nd3+ and Yb3+ ions for co-doped samples are employed for the thermometric characterizations in the physiological range (298–318 K).The results show that all three complexes can be employed as luminescent thermometers with comparable temperature sensing performance and operating in biological range under 808-nm excitation. Gd1.45Nd0.40Yb0.15-PDC demonstrates to be the best one with the relative sensitivity varying from 0.482 to 0.439% K−1in the physiological range, and the minimum temperature uncertainty is less than 0.08 K. The results may provide a new approach for lanthanide organic complexes based optical thermometer working in the second biological window.

Optical thermometry has been developed as a promising temperature-sensing technique. We propose a new, to the best of our knowledge, strategy of fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR), based on an abnormal thermal quenching effect. In the phosphors of S r 3 L u ( V O 4 ) 3 : E u 3 + and C a W O 4 : N d 3 + , the f-f emission intensity of the doped lanthanide ions increases with raising temperature upon the excitation of the charge transfer band (CTB) of the host. The abnormal thermal quenching is caused by the thermally activated absorption, which is proved by temperature-dependent diffuse reflectance spectra. The opposite change tendency of M-O ( M = V 5 + or W 6 + ) CTB and L n 3 + ( L n = E u 3 + or N d 3 + ) f-f transitions has been observed in the temperature-dependent excitation spectra and employed as the thermometric probe in ratiometric luminescent thermometry. The strategy applies to the FIR technique in lanthanide singly doped phosphors and eliminates the limitation of thermal-coupled levels. It opens up new possibilities of ratiometric optical thermometry. In addition, the derived maximum relative sensitivity is larger than the value obtained via thermal-coupled levels in the same sample. This illustrates that optical thermometry based on abnormal thermal quenching might be a feasible and effective method.

A series of Ca8ZnLa(PO4)7: 0.01 Tm3+, xDy3+ (x = 0–0.15) and Ca8ZnLa(PO4)7: 0.1Dy3+ phosphors were obtained via the high temperature solid state reaction method. The crystal structure, photoluminescence properties, and energy transfer from Tm3+ to Dy3+ were investigated. The prepared phosphors possess the β-Ca3(PO4)2 structure and belong to the R3c (161) space group. The luminescent colors of Ca8ZnLa(PO4)7: 0.01 Tm3+, xDy3+ phosphors can be modulated from blue to yellow and white light emission of a single matrix was realized. In the Ca8ZnLa(PO4)7 (abbreviated as: CZLPO) matrix, the Tm3+→Dy3+ energy transfer process proceeds due to electric dipole-quadrupole interaction, and the energy transfer mechanism is explored in detail according to Dexter's energy transfer theory and Reisfeld's equation. Moreover, the CZLPO: 0.01 Tm3+, xDy3+ phosphors exhibit good thermal stability. These characteristics indicate that a single matrix CZLPO: 0.01 Tm3+, xDy3+ phosphor has a potential for applications in white LEDs.

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are serious problems in landscape waters sourced from reclaimed water. In this study, the suppression effects of UV-C irradiation on microalgal growth were researched to find a possible preventive approach. Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorella vulgaris were exposed to UV-C irradiation and then cultured in real reclaimed water for 7–18 d. UV-C irradiation at 50–200 mJ cm−2 could inhibit the growth of M. aeruginosa, C. vulgaris, and both microalgae in co-culture for 3–14, 1–3, and 1–5 d respectively. In addition, UV-C irradiation could cause damage to the cell integrity. At 100–200 mJ cm−2 UV-C, the proportion of microalgal membrane damage (Pmd) in M. aeruginosa cells increased rapidly to 56%–76% from day 3, whereas that in C. vulgaris cells increased to 23%–62% within 3 d. The photochemical efficiency (represented by Y value) of the irradiated groups was negatively affected immediately after UV-C irradiation and recovered gradually during the incubation. The Y value of M. aeruginosa cells began to recover from days 3 to 14, whereas that of C. vulgaris recovered much more quickly, from days 0.1 to 1. Overall, the irradiation-induced suppressive effects on algal growth correlated positively with the UV-C doses. Because M. aeruginosa was more sensitive to UV-C irradiation, UV-C irradiation not only controlled the total biomass of the mixed algae but also selectively reestablished the dominance of the nontoxic C. vulgaris.

Developing Li-ion storage with high rate capability and long cycling life is indispensable for applications where fast charge/discharge is required. To achieve this goal, interfacial pesudocapacitance is introduced by doping TiO2 nanowire with N and S, which have been obtained after annealing process in the presence of thiourea. As a result, a high reversible capacity and ultra-long cycling stability is achieved. Moreover, a hybrid lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) is assembled and it is able to deliver an energy density of 45.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 175 W kg−1.

A series of luminescent lanthanide compounds with 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrafluoro-1, 4-benzenedicarboxylate (H2BDC-F4) acting as the organic ligand have been synthesized by solvothermal reaction. The terbium compound (C1: Tb-BDC-F4) and europium compound (C7: Eu-BDC-F4) exhibit intense green and red luminescence respectively upon excitation of the ligand at room temperature, which suggests that H2BDC-F4 ligand can sensitize Tb3+ and Eu3+ ions effectively. The emitting color of the mixed lanthanide compounds is tunable from green to red in the mixed lanthanide compounds TbxEu1-x-BDC-F4 (x = 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1%, and 2%), which is caused by energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+. The self-reference ratiometric optical thermometry was realized by fluorescence intensity ratio between Tb3+ green emission (∼544 nm) and Eu3+red emission (∼ 619 nm). The maximum relative sensitivity SR,max is 0.76%K−1@50 K. Furthermore, the emitting color of C5: Eu0.01Tb0.99-BDC-F4 could be tuned from green to orange by temperature in the range of 50 to 300 K. It allows the mixed Eu/Tb-BDC-F4 compounds to be potentially used as sensitive luminescent materials to directly imagine the temperature distribution.

Objective: To clarify the clinical significance of breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 (BCAR1) expression in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood and tumor tissues in patients with early stage lung adenocarcinoma (ES-LUAD). Methods: The study cohort included 60 patients with stage I LUAD (50 IA and 10 IB) who underwent surgery from November 2015 to November 2018 and 31 healthy controls. The expression levels of BCAR1 and markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in peripheral blood CTCs were detected using CanPatrolTM technology before surgery, and immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect BCAR1 expression in tumor tissues collected from 40 patients. The predictive power of BCAR1 expression in CTCs and tumor tissues on disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to study BCAR1 expression and overall survival as validation. The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis online tool was used to analyze the correlations between the expression levels of BCAR1 and EMT molecular markers. Results: Both the number and detection rates of BCAR1-negative CTCs and BCAR1-positive CTCs in peripheral blood of lung cancer patients were significantly higher as compared with healthy controls ( p < 0.05). BCAR1-positive CTCs more commonly co-expressed both epithelial and mesenchymal markers. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with BCAR1(++) CTCs in peripheral blood before surgery were more prone to recurrence or metastasis after 2 years. COX analysis showed that patients with higher abundance of BCAR1(++) CTCs had a poorer prognosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.712, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.077–2.272, p = 0.023). Furthermore, high BCAR1 expression in tumor tissues was predictive of a poor prognosis (HR = 2.654, 95% CI = 1.239–5.686, p = 0.012), as validated by TCGA database (HR = 2.217, 95% CI = 1.069–4.595, p = 0.032). In addition, BCAR1 expression in LUAD tissues from TCGA was significantly positively correlated with the expression of both epithelial markers (e.g., ck8/18/19) and mesenchymal markers (e.g., vimentin and twist). Conclusion: BCAR1 may have a “dual impact” on EMT markers in tumor tissues and CTCs due to micro-environmental disparities, resulting in important clinical significance, which can potentially guide accurate treatment of LUAD.

The emergence of MOOC has aroused great changes in the field of education and there has also been a boom of research into MOOCs, but the research focusing on intellectual property MOOCs is not much. This paper selecting three representative MOOC platforms in China aims to analyze the current situation of IP MOOCs and find out the existing or underlying problems, and then try to propose some improving suggestions.

Old age mortality decline has driven recent increases in lifespans, but there is no agreement about trends in the age-pattern of old deaths. Some hypotheses argue that old-age deaths should have become compressed at high ages, others that old-age deaths should have become more dispersed with age, and yet others are consistent with little change in dispersion. However, direct analyses of old-age deaths presents unusual challenges: death rates at the oldest ages are always noisy; published life tables must assume an asymptotic age pattern of deaths; and the definition of “old age” changes as lives lengthen. Here we use robust percentile-based methods to overcome these challenges and show, for 5 decades in 20 developed countries, that old-age survival follows an advancing front, like a traveling wave. The front lies between the 25th and 90th percentiles of old-age deaths, advancing with nearly constant long-term shape but annual fluctuations in speed. The existence of this front leads to several predictions that we verify, e.g., that advances in life expectancy at age 65 are highly correlated with the advance of the 25th percentile, but not with distances between higher percentiles. Our unexpected result has implications for biological hypotheses about human aging, and for future mortality change.

With aging, various factors deteriorate the normal sleep process that is essential for the restoration of functional and physical performance. Due to aging-related diseases, life changes, or aging itself, disturbances in normal sleep cycles can profoundly affect healthy aging. To understand the interconnections between aging and the factors influencing sleep, with emerging evidence accumulated in recent years, this study elaborates on the roles of aging in sleep from four perspectives: cortical thinning, white matter degeneration, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and circadian disorganization. In brief, with aging, cortical thinning can be induced by the deposition of neurotoxic substances, and white matter degeneration can be induced by vascular abnormalities. These alterations emerging in the brain jointly disrupt sleep spindles and slow waves, leading to sleep disturbances. Age-related dysregulation in neurotransmitters (including galanin, orexin, serotonin, and adenosine) directly impairs the sleep modulation system. Disorganization in the circadian system consisting of suprachiasmatic nucleus dysfunction, reduced light transmission, and local circadian clock disruption collectively interrupts circadian rhythms, also causing sleep disturbances in the older. Of note is the bidirectional relationship between aging and sleep, which required us to examine this issue from different perspectives.

The GaoFen-3 (GF-3) satellite, launched on 10 August 2016, is the first C-band polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) satellite in China. The PolSAR system of GF-3 can collect a significant wealth of information for geophysical research and applications. Being used for related applications, GF-3 PolSAR images must be of good quality. It is necessary to evaluate the quality of polarimetric data and achieve the normalized quality monitoring during 8-year designed life of GF-3. In this study, a new quality assessment method of PolSAR data based on common distributed targets is proposed, and the performance of the method is analyzed by simulations and GF-3 experiments. We evaluate the quality of GF-3 PolSAR data by this method. Results suggest that GF-3 antenna is highly isolated, and the quality of calibrated data satisfies the requests of quantitative applications.

Yb3+ singly doped tellurite as-prepared glasses and glass ceramics were synthesized by high-temperature melt-quenching method. The excitation and emission spectra have shown that there is an efficient near-infrared (NIR) down-shifting due to the sensitization of a novel Yb3+–O2− charge-transfer (CT) band. The CT band in the present host is located at around 320 nm at room temperature, which is much lower than that in other oxide hosts reported before. The possible energy-transfer mechanism from the Yb3+–O2− CT band to the 2F5/2 multiplet of Yb3+ ions is discussed in detail. The concentration quenching is not observed even when the Yb3+-doped concentration is increased up to 40 mol%. The excitation of this strong broad CT band causes intense NIR emission of Yb3+:2F5/2→2F7/2 from 920 to 1120 nm, making the tellurite glasses suitable for efficient photovoltaic (PV) application as a spectral conversion material for the crystalline Si (c-Si) solar cells.

Yb3+–Er3+ ion co-doped NaLnTiO4 (Ln = Y, Gd) up-conversion (UC) phosphors were successfully synthesized by a sol–gel method. The phase purity and the structure of the samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the optimal compositions were also determined according to their UC emission intensities. The samples emit orange light and their UC spectra were recorded with excitation by a laser diode with a 980 nm wavelength. The UC luminescence intensity could be enhanced greatly after introducing sensitizer Yb3+ ions, and the energy transfer (ET) from Yb3+ to Er3+ plays a vital role. The UC mechanism and processes responsible for the emissions were investigated and found to involve two-photon absorption. The lifetime of green emission in Er3+ singly doped and Yb3+–Er3+ co-doped samples were measured to prove the existence of ET. The temperature dependence of the fluorescence intensity ratios (FIR) for the two green UC emission bands peaked at 530 and 550 nm was studied in the range of 300–510 K under excitation by a 980 diode laser with about 4 W cm−2 power density, and the maximum sensitivity was approximately 0.0045 K−1 at 510 K for NaYTiO4 and 480 K for NaGdTiO4. This indicates that Yb3+–Er3+ ion co-doped NaLnTiO4 (Ln = Y, Gd) phosphors are potential candidates for optical temperature sensors.

The red upconversion (UC) emission of Eu

The monochromaticity improvement of green upconversion (UC) in Lu

Luminescence of defects and/or impurities is important for phosphors. One broad emission band centered at 785nm was observed in (Y

A high-temperature solid-state method was used to synthesize the Ho

Yb 3+ /Er 3+ co-doped transparent oxyfluoride glass ceramics (GC) have been successfully fabricated and characterized for the purpose of optical thermometry by measuring the green upconverted fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) between the two thermally coupled levels ( 2 H 11/2 and 4 S 3/2 ). The green upconverted emissions in the GC are enhanced by 15 times compared to that of the precursor glass. The dependence of the FIR on temperature ranging from 298 K to 693 K is well fitted with an exponential function by using an effective energy difference of 775 cm −1 . Owing to its low phonon energy and high thermal stability, an improved measurement accuracy and widened operating temperature range can be achieved with the GC sample, suggesting that transparent glass ceramics containing NaYF4:Yb 3+ /Er 3+ nanocrystals are promising for application as optical-fiber temperature sensors.

Eu3+-doped transparent phosphate precursor glasses and glass-ceramics containing TbPO4 nanocrystals were successfully fabricated by a conventional high-temperature melt-quenching technique for the first time. The formation of TbPO4 nanocrystals was identified through X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected-area electron diffraction, and photoluminescence emission spectra. The obvious Stark splitting of 5D0-7FJ (J = 1, 2, 4) transitions of Eu3+and the increase of internal quantum efficiency indicate the incorporation of Eu3+ into TbPO4 nanocrystals. Energy transfer from Tb3+ ions to Eu3+ ions was investigated using excitation and emission spectra at room temperature. The glass-ceramics obtained have more efficient Tb3+ to Eu3+ energy transfer than the glass, and so serve as good hosts for luminescent materials.

Yb 3+ /Er 3+ co-doped transparent glass ceramics (GC) containing GdPO 4 nanocrystals have been successfully fabricated using a conventional melt-quenching method with subsequent heat treatment. The structural and the luminescence properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and upconverted emission spectra. Under the excitation of a 980 nm diode laser, the total upconverted emission in GC as well as the Green/Red emission intensity ratio in the GC670 sample was enhanced compared to that in the precursor glass, indicating that Er 3+ ions have entered into GdPO 4 nanocrystals after crystallization. Our results also show that the Green/Red emission intensity ratio of GC is closely related to crystallinity of the samples. The outstanding properties of GdPO 4 -based transparent GC provide a promising candidate for wide application fields, such as in all-solid-state upconversion lasers and optical fibers.

Novel Ho 3+ -doped transparent oxyfluoride SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3 –Na 2 CO 3 –CaO–BaF 2 –YbF 3 glass ceramics (GC) containing BaYbF 5 nanocrystals were fabricated via melt-quenching technique with subsequent heat treatment. The formation of crystalline fluoride phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Compared to precursor glasses, the greatly enhanced green emission (40-fold), new emission band at ultraviolet-blue region and stark splittings of emission in GC, indicate that Ho 3+ enters into BaYbF 5 nanocrystals with low phonon energy. Besides, the origin of the previously unconfirmed emission band at 440–460 nm is clearly identified by measuring spectra from thermally coupled luminescent levels at various temperatures. The outstanding upconversion properties of Ho 3+ in GC may present potential application in all-solid-state upconversion lasers operating in the visible and ultraviolet range.

Aliskiren (ALK) is a renin inhibitor that has been used in the treatment of hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine whether ALK could ameliorate pressure overload-induced heart hypertrophy and fibrosis, and to elucidate the mechanisms of action.Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was performed in mice to induce heart pressure overload. ALK (150 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), po), the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (10 mg·kg(-1) per week, ip) or the PKCβI inhibitor LY333531 (1 mg·kg(-1)·d-(1), po) was administered to the mice for 4 weeks. Heart hypertrophy, fibrosis and function were evaluated based on echocardiography, histological and biochemical measurements. Mechanically stretched cardiomyocytes of rats were used for in vitro experiments. The levels of signaling proteins were measured using Western blotting, while the expression of the relevant genes was analyzed using real-time QRT-PCR.TAC induced marked heart hypertrophy and fibrosis, accompanied by high levels of Ang II in plasma and heart, and by PKCβI/α and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in heart. Meanwhile, TAC induced autophagic responses in heart, i.e. increases in autophagic structures, expression of Atg5 and Atg16 L1 mRNAs and LC3-II and Beclin-1 proteins. These pathological alterations in TAC-mice were significantly ameliorated or blocked by ALK administration. In TAC-mice, 3-methyladenine administration also ameliorated heart hypertrophy, fibrosis and dysfunction, while LY333531 administration inhibited ERK phosphorylation and autophagy in heart. In mechanically stretched cardiomyocytes, CGP53353 (a PKCβI inhibitor) prevented ERK phosphorylation and autophagic responses, while U0126 (an ERK inhibitor) blocked autophagic responses.ALK ameliorates heart hypertrophy, fibrosis and dysfunction in the mouse model in setting of chronic pressure overload, via suppressing Ang II-PKCβI-ERK1/2-regulated autophagy.

To investigate the effect of the dielectric medium on the spontaneous emission rate of an isolated emitter, two series of glass samples of various compositions lightly doped with the Eu3+ ion were prepared by melt-quenching method. According to the enhancement factors for emission rates due to the refractive index of the dielectric medium, we qualitatively analyzed the intensities of the electric dipole and magnetic dipole transitions by comparing the emission spectra of the samples with different compositions, viz. various refractive indices. This preliminary result indicates that the local-field effect on the spontaneous emission rates follows the virtual-cavity model, which is derived by assuming that single-ion emitters enter the medium without disturbing the medium, i.e., as interstitial ions or by replacing host ions of low polarizability.

Short wavelength upconversion luminescence of Ho3+ was investigated for temperature sensing with fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technique in Yb3+/Ho3+ co-doped β-NaLuF4 hexagonal microprisms synthesized by hydrothermal method. The origins of two emission peaks located at 482.0 nm and 443.6 nm were identified for the first time. Further study on temperature dependence of 980 nm-excited upconversion FIR between two thermally coupled multiplets (5F1/5G6 and 5F2,3/3K8) was carried out from 390 K to 780 K. The FIR increases with temperature monotonously and the experimental data are well fitted with a theoretical function. A large energy difference (1438 cm−1) is obtained from the fitting curve, which could account for a higher relative sensitivity in this system than most RE3+ doped FIR-based temperature sensors, making this optical material a promising candidate for high-sensitive temperature sensing.

In this work the temperature-dependent photoluminescence excitation and photoluminescence spectroscopies of Eu3+-doped LuVO4 phosphors have been performed in the 298–448 K range. It is found that the charge transfer band (CTB) of [VO4]3- unites undergoes a red-shift, mainly owing to thermal population of the vibronic sublevels of the ground electronic energy level, as the temperature increases. Due to this, the edge of CTB in PLE exhibits an abnormal negative thermal quenching behavior compared to those of the maximum CTB transition and the intra-configuration f-f transitions of Eu3+ ions. Accordingly, a novel thermometry strategy for realizing ratiometric optical thermometer is proposed by considering different excitation paths taking advantage of their diverse thermal behaviors. For Eu3+-doped LuVO4 compound, our experimental results demonstrate its great potential for high performance optical thermometry, promising with a remarkable relative sensitivity and excellent repeatability in the 298–448 K range.

With the rising user number of mobile smart terminal and the rapid development of Internet in our country, the demand of resources sharing between mobile terminal and the Internet becomes more and more urgent. However, the mobile banking based on mobile smart terminal is facing increasingly serious security threatens. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the development and present situation of mobile banking, this paper describes the related security mechanism and potential security threatens of mobile banking. Furthermore, information security technology and development trend of mobile banking are comparised and summarized in this paper, and the security assessment demand for mobile banking is proposed.

The spectroscopy properties of lanthanide ions in glasses differ remarkably from crystal and powder samples due to superposition of transitions from many ions with different local environments. Eu 3+ ions were doped in lead–borosilicate and boro–tellurite glass samples to probe the structural information and to reveal their effects on the luminescent properties of lanthanide ions. Three emission peaks were observed for 5 D 0 → 7 F 0 transition, with peak energies linearly dependent on the excitation wavelengths, and correlation between the intensity ratio of 5 D 0 → 7 F 0 versus 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 and the width of 7 F 1 was observed. The former indicates that there are three subsets of Eu 3+ sites in the samples, with 7 F 0 being pushed downwards by 7 F J ( J =2, 4, and 6) by crystal-field J-mixing, and the latter can be quantitatively modeled by the adaptation of the theoretical model of Wen et al. [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 12 , 9933 (2010)] to account for the corrections due to the inhomogeneous broadening of 7 F J ( J =0, and1) crystal-field levels. The methods explored here can be applied to study other glass hosts for luminescent materials.

In order to explore the stability and variation of the indicators of subjective well-being (SWB), the classic Latent State-Trait (LST), Trait-State-Occasion (TSO), and Indicator-Specific Trait (IT) models were employed to evaluate the stability and variability of life satisfaction, positive emotions, and negative emotions. The study was conducted based on a 1-year and three-wave longitudinal study with a sample of 360 college students. The results show the suitability of the IT model. The consistency coefficients (CO) of all variables are significantly higher than occasion-specificity coefficients (OSpe) in this model, indicating that stability is a remarkable feature of SWB. Moreover, the consistency coefficients of positive affection and negative affection are much higher than that of life satisfaction, suggesting that the positive and negative emotions of individuals are more stable than life satisfaction.

The submarine geology characteristic for Qingdao submarine tunnel is fracture and fragmentation with smash rock mass and unevenly distributed rock mass strength. The submarine tunnel is excavated in a weathered rock mass containing water. Before the tunnel lining is constructed, it is important to assure the stability and safety for the rock tunnel and tunnel lining structure during construction and operational periods. As the submarine tunnel is under severe condition, the rock mass stabilization is to a large extent to be determined by the underwater seepage effect. It is fundamental to investigate how the seawater interacts with the tunnel rock mass stress field. To investigate the interaction between the rock mass seepage field and the secondary stress field, the nonlinear finite element software ABAQUS is used to analyze the interaction behavior between the rock mass seepage effect and the tunnel secondary stress field. The rock mass seepage field, stress field are analyzed in detail using the numerical simulation method. Also, the distribution of the tunnel rock mass plastic region is obtained. The numerical analysis results provide guidance for the submarine tunnel construction.

Silicone rubber have been aged in air while under 25% compression at temperature up to 250°C. These studies examined the compression set of silicone rubber at accelerated (elevated) temperatures and were then used to make predictions about compression set at room temperature. The data obtained could be amenable to timetemperature superposition and Arrhenius treatment. The results suggest the presence of two degradation processes with activation energies of 71.6 kJ mol-1 (for temperatures above 165 °C) and 26.08 kJ mol-1 (for temperatures below 165 °C). Based on the extrapolation of the non-Arrhenius behavior, it was estimated that significant compression set loss would occur after around 67 years at 25 °C.

In recent years, the accidents of house collapse during the decoration process often occur which resulted in the loss of a great social impact and economic value. According to a housing collapse instance, a comprehensive computational analysis is given in terms of carrying capacity of components and urban housing safety management issues and some references are made for the engineers, technicians and housing safety management.

In order to analysis modal characteristic of bearing with pre-tightening force on main spindle of numerical control lathe, this paper proposes a model of spindle modality analysis. This model is used to simulate the preloaded bearing shaft system modal, and the simulation results are verified by modal experiment. This paper takes 7005c as the research object to establish the equivalent-spring model based on the Hertz theory considering the pre-tightening force, whose focus is dealing with the contact between bearings rolling element and raceway. Then the model will be used to get the bearing stiffness for finite element simulation analysis. The shafting modal with preloaded bearing test platform is structured to get the shaft system modal parameters, which is compared with and verified the simulation analysis.

In order to develop a new high-efficient but low-cost sewage treatment technology, sewage treatment experiments have been accomplished in a new type sequencing batch reactor with concrete bio-films. During experiments, simulation sewage was taken as raw water, and the operation sequence of the reactor was taken as 1.25h for water input and hypoxia, 1.25h for aeration, 0.5h for precipitation and 0.5h for water discharge successively. It has been shown by the experimental results that the reactor has optimal sewage purification effects, such as its average pollutant removal rate can arrive at about 95% for COD and BOD5, near 70% for ammonia hydrogen and about 40% for total phosphorus under the experimental condition. Main factors influencing the reactor purification effect have been discovered as pollutant volume load, ratio C/N, water temperature and amount of bio-films installed in the reactor. The mechanism of their influences has been also discussed in this paper.

To understand the water and energy exchange on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, we explored the characteristics of evapotranspiration (ET) and energy fluxes from 2002 to 2005 over a Kobresia meadow ecosystem using the eddy covariance method. The ratio of annual ET to precipitation (P) of meadow ecosystem was about 60%, but varied greatly with the change of season from summer to winter. The annual ET/P in meadow was lower than that in shrub, steppe and wetland ecosystems of this plateau. The incident solar radiation (Rs) received by the meadow was obviously higher than that of lowland in the same latitude; however the ratio of net radiation (Rn) to Rs with average annual value of 0.44 was significantly lower than that in the same latitude. The average annual ET was about 390 mm for 2002-2005, of which more than 80% occurred in growing season from May to September. The energy consumed on the ET was about 44% of net radiation in growing season, which was lower than that of shrub, steppe and wetland on this plateau. This study demonstrates that the Kobresia meadow may prevent the excessive water loss through evapotranspiration from the ecosystem into the atmosphere in comparison to the shrub, steppe and wetland ecosystems of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

In this article, tire tread rubber is analyzed. An experiment is designed to investigate the oil resistance property of the material. The micro-morphology is studied by using SEM. The hardness, size, permanent deformation and modulus are tested on the aged specimens. The DMA is used to investigate the change of dynamic mechanical parameters. At last, rough analysis for these changes’ influence in tire performance is done correspondingly. The results show that there are very great influence on tire performance when tread rubber aged by oil. Few studies in this aspect, the result is very precious and has a high value of practical application.

Molecular distillation (MD) was applied for enrichment of cuminaldehyde and p-mentha-1,4-dien-7-al in cumin oil in the present study. A central composite rotate design was used to optimize the experimental parameters: distilling temperature and distilling pressure. The effects of distilling temperature and distilling pressure on distillates yield, contents of cuminaldehyde and p-mentha-1,4-dien-7-al were systematically studied by response surface methodology and perturbation plot. Results indicated that distilling temperature and distilling pressure were two important factors in MD process, both of them and their interaction term had significant effects on all the responses (P

Using satellite-observed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data and Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function (REOF) method, we analyzed the spatio-temporal variation of vegetation during growing seasons from May to September in the Three-River Source Region, alpine meadow in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from 1982 to 2006. We found that NDVI in the centre and east of the region, where the vegetation cover is low, showed a consistent but slight increase before 2003 and remarkable increase in 2004 and 2005. Impact factors analysis indicted that among air temperature, precipitation, humid index, soil surface temperature, and soil temperature at 10 cm and 20 cm depth, annual variation of NDVI was highly positive correlated with the soil surface temperature of the period from March to July. Further analysis revealed that the correlation between the vegetation and temperature was insignificant before 1995, but statistically significant from 1995. The study indicates that temperature is the major controlling factor of vegetation change in the Three-River Source Region, and the currently increase of temperature may increase vegetation coverage and/or density in the area. In addition, ecological restoration project started from 2005 in Three-River Source Region has a certain role in promoting the recovery of vegetation. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The GaoFen-3 (GF-3) satellite is the first polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) satellite in China. With a designed in-orbit life of 8 years, it will provide large amounts of PolSAR data for ocean monitoring, disaster reduction, and many other applications. The polarimetric data quality is essential for all these applications, so the analysis and calibration of the polarimetric error sources are very important for GF-3. In this study, we established a full-link error model for GF-3 PolSAR system. Based on this model, we comprehensively analyzed the quantitative effects of the main error sources including the composition, figured out characteristics of the phase imbalance introduced by the antenna, and pointed out the error sources which have to be corrected. Furthermore, the polarimetric correction method for GF-3 PolSAR system is proposed. Finally, assisted by several external calibration experiments, polarimetric errors of GF-3 data are efficiently corrected during in-orbit-test phase.

The simplified model for 4f-5d transitions is applied to obtain the line strengths for emission, ground-state absorption and excited states absorption involving 4f-5d transitions of Nd3+ in crystals. The results are host independent for the usual case where 5d crystal-field interaction can be considered as strong, in the sense that the calculated 5d-4f emission relative line strengths will be the same for Nd3+ in any host. Also the calculated 4f-5d absorption line strengths can be grouped by the 5d crystal-field components. For each 5d crystal-field component, the group of absorption line strengths for different 4f25d transition final states forms a pattern independent of the 5d crystal-field component and the host. For practical cases, due to strong but still limited 5d crystal-field splitting, the transitions to different 5d crystal-field components may overlap each other. The theoretical results are used to interpret available experimental data.

Background: To investigate pharmacokinetics and potency of antitumor activity of a novel 5-fluorouracil carrier erythrocyte (RBC-FU) in mice bearing malignant ascites. Methods: RBC-FU was synthesized with a hyperosmotic technique. The entrapment efficiency of targeted carrier erythrocytes was determined by reverse dialysis method with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for analyzing the quantity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). After a H22 hepatocarcinoma malignant ascites model was established in Kunming mice, 5-FU encapsulated by carrier erythrocytes (for Group A) and 5-FU solution (for Group B) at 20 mg per kg were injected into the peritoneal cavity of the mice, respectively. Blood and ascites samples were collected at different times to detect 5-FU quantity by HPLC. Body weight and survival time of mice were recorded in Group A, B and the Control Group in which mice were injected with normal saline only. Results: 5-FU was effectively encapsulated into erythrocytes, with an encapsulating effect as 55 ± 0.50%. In Group A, the maximum concentration (Cmax) and the area under curve (AUC) in peritoneal exudates were significantly higher than those of Group B (P

Lead borate glasses xB2O3+(99–x)PbO+0.5Eu2O3 (x=70, 60, …, 10) were prepared by melt-quenching method. The luminescent properties were characterized with excitation and emission spectra. The emission intensities for 5D0-7FJ (J=0–4) were analyzed to give variation of the relative electric dipole line strengths with the composition of glasses so as to examine the crucial implicit assumption of independent electric dipole line strength on the composition of glass in the Phys. Rev. Lett. 2003, 91, 203903 paper studying local-field effect.

In this paper, high quality Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films were prepared by direct current (DC) reactive magnetron sputtering using a Zn target (99.99%) containing Al of 1.5 wt.%. The films obtained were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermoelectric measurements. The XPS results reveal that Zn and Al exist only in oxidized state, while there are dominant crystal lattice and rare adsorbed oxygen for O in the annealed AZO thin films. The studies of thermoelectric property show a striking thermoelectric effect in the AZO thin films. On the one hand, the thermoelectromotive and magnetothermoelectromotive forces increase linearly with increasing temperature difference (Δ T ). On the other hand, the thermoelectric power (TEP) decreases with the electrical resistance of the sample. But the TEP increases with the increase of temperature below 300 K, and it nearly does not change around room temperature. The experimental results also demonstrate that the annealing treatment increases TEP, while the external magnetic field degrades TEP.

Resveratrol, existing in two isomeric trans-and cis-forms, is a phytoalexin that has pharmacological activities, like anti-cancer and anti-cardiovascular diseases as well as life-span increasing properties. Grapes are good sources for resveratrol introduction in the human diet not only directly, but also through its products: wine. In the present work, trans-resveratrol determination and the separation of resveratrol isomers were investigated by the use of micro-high performance liquid chromatography. The analysis conditions were optimized. The baseline separation of trans-and cis-resveratrol was obtained. Further, a trans-resveratrol determination of some grapes growing in Shacheng, Huailai, Hebei province, China was carried out with our analytical method. The concentrations were 6.77 +/- 0.12 and 3.95 +/- 0.18 (microg/g fresh weight) for merlot and cabernet sauvignon grapes, respectively.

GA(3) and GA(4) (gibberellins) play an important role in controlling gravitropism and tension wood formation in woody angiosperms. In order to improve our understanding of the role of GA(3) and GA(4) on xylem cell formation and the G-layer, we studied the effect of GA(3) and GA(4) and uniconazole-P, which is an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis, on tension wood formation by gravity in Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. var. japonica Maxim. seedlings. Forty seedlings were divided into two groups; one group was placed upright and the other tilted. Each group was further divided into four sub-groups subjected to the following treatments: 3.43 x 10(-9) micromol acetone as control, 5.78 x 10(-8) micromol gibberellic acid (GA(3)), 6.21 x 10(-8) micromol GA(4), and 6.86 x 10(-8) micromol uniconazole-P. During the experimental period, GAs-treated seedlings exhibited negative gravitropism, whereas application of uniconazole-P inhibited negative gravitropic stem bending. GA(3) and GA(4) promoted wood fibers that possessed a gelatinous layer on the upper side, whereas uniconazole-P inhibited wood formation but did not inhibit the differentiation of the gelatinous layer in wood fibers on the upper side. These results suggest that: (i) both the formation of gelatinous fibers and the quantity of xylem production are important for the negative gravitropism in horizontally-positioned seedlings; (ii) GA(3) and GA(4) affect wood production more than differentiation of the gelatinous layer in wood fibers; G-layer development may be regulated by other hormones via the indirect-role of GA(3) and GA(4) in horizontally-positioned F. mandshurica seedlings rather than the direct effect of GAs; and (iii) the mechanism for upward wood stem bending is different to the newly developed shoot bending in reaction to gravity in this species.