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We present two cases of extreme neglect with injuries. These are perfect examples of gender bias. Our first case is a 20-dayold female neonate was brought to the pediatric emergency department with multiple rat bites to the face. A 9-month-old female infant was brought to the emergency care division with multiple rat bites on the eyes and upper extremities. These cases point towards the existing gender bias and extreme social neglect of females in the Indian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides insights on the benefits of smartphones to pediatricians and patients. Among the models of smartphones are the Apple iPhone and Motorola RIZR Z8-10. Some of the medical interfaces for iPhone are Epocrates Rx software and Skyscape Medical Information software. Patients are said to be aided by the free symptom navigator for the iPhone third generation (3G) in matching medical symptoms with relevant assessments and appropriate treatments.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a commonly encountered comorbidity in critically ill children. The coexistence of AKI disturbs drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, leading to clinically significant consequences. This can complicate an already critical clinical scenario by causing potential underdosing or overdosing giving way to possible therapeutic failures and adverse reactions. Current available studies offer little guidance to help maneuver such complex dosing regimens and decision-making in pediatric patients as most of them are done on heterogeneous groups of adult populations. Though there are some studies on drug dosing during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), their utility is in question because of the recent advances in CRRT technology. Our review aims to discuss the principles of pharmacokinetics pertinent for honing the existing practices of drug dosing in critically ill children with AKI, and the various complexities and intricate challenges involved. This in turn will provide a framework to help enable caretakers to tailor dosing regimens in complex clinical setups with further ease and precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic and corresponding acute respiratory syndrome have affected all populations and led to millions of deaths worldwide. The pandemic disproportionately affected immunocompromised and immunosuppressed adult patients who had received solid organ transplants (SOTs). With the onset of the pandemic, transplant societies across the world recommended reducing SOT activities to avoid exposing immunosuppressed recipients. Due to the risk of COVID‐19‐related outcomes, SOT providers adapted the way they deliver care to their patients, leading to a reliance on telehealth. Telehealth has helped organ transplant programs continue treatment regimens while protecting patients and physicians from COVID‐19 transmission. This review highlights the adverse effects of COVID‐19 on transplant activities and summarizes the increased role of telehealth in the management of solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) in both pediatric and adult populations. Methods: A comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to accentuate the outcomes of COVID‐19 and analyze the efficacy of telehealth on transplant activities. This in‐depth examination summarizes extensive data on the clinical detriments of COVID‐19 in transplant recipients, advantages, disadvantages, patient/physician perspectives, and effectiveness in transplant treatment plans via telehealth. Results: COVID‐19 has caused an increase in mortality, morbidity, hospitalization, and ICU admission in SOTRs. Telehealth efficacy and benefits to both patients and physicians have increasingly been reported. Conclusions: Developing effective systems of telehealth delivery has become a top priority for healthcare providers during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Further research is necessary to validate the effectiveness of telehealth in other settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on several medical calculators available as webpages or as downloadable software for mobile communication devices. The website md-calc at http://www.mdcalc.com/offers calculators for all medical specialties. The Pediatriconcall website at http://www.pediatriconcall.com features calculators related to pediatrics. The software application Archimedes can be uploaded in iPhones.

The article discusses micro-blogging and its significance to medical practice. Micro-blogging, refers to a form of blogging that enables users to write brief text updates and publish them. It is said that twitter is the most popular micro-blogging tool. The benefits of twitter to medical practice include allowing physicians to share updates about their patients, providing capability to manage events, lectures and sessions and serving as an additional tool for support groups with various health conditions.

The article focuses on social networking for clinicians. Among the benefits of joining a social network website for physicians include meeting fellow clinicians with common interests and allowing free flow of ideas and exchange of medical knowledge. Some of the social networks for these individuals include Sermo at http://www.sermo.com/ and DoctorHangout at http://www.doctorshangout.com/

Acute kidney injury (AKI) in children with Transposition of Great arteries (TGA) undergoing Arterial Switch operation (ASO) is an important complication in the post-operative period associated with worse outcomes. AKI in children post open cardiac surgery has been well studied, with lesser data in literature pertaining to TGA and its sub-types specifically. This was a prospective, observational study enrolling infants with TGA undergoing ASO at a single center over a span of a decade from January 2010 to December 2020. The infants were followed during the duration of ICU and hospital stay, with documentation of baseline and intraoperative parameters as well as post-operative course. Out of 145 infants enrolled in the study, 83.1% developed AKI with majority (83.9%) having stage 1 AKI. Higher odds of AKI were seen in infants requiring Norepinephrine [odds ratio − 16.76 (95% CI 2.19–128.2), p < 0.001] and those who developed gram-negative infections [2.81 (1.04–7.56), p − 0.036]. Infants with AKI had significantly higher vasoactive-inotropic support at day 1 than those without AKI [16 (12.5–21.50 vs 13 (10.25–15.75), p − 0.014]. Seventeen infants in the AKI group (14%) died as opposed to none in the non-AKI group (p = 0.076). Median hours of ventilator support required were significantly higher in those with AKI than those who did not develop AKI (48 vs 45.5 p = 0.015). The infants with ASO + ASD + PDA (53% of neonates who died) were younger, had less weight at admission, more gram-negative sepsis and need for dopamine, as compared to ASO + VSD + ASD (23.5% of mortality) and ASO + ASD + VSD + aortic arch repair (23.5% of mortality). AKI in infants with TGA undergoing ASO is common and associated with poorer outcomes. In this subpopulation, AKI development is associated most commonly with hemodynamic instability and infections. This is the first study, looking at outcomes of TGA depending on the sub-types of ASO surgeries done in the infants [ASO with ASD + PDA or ASD + VSD or ASD + VSD + Arch Repair]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]