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In Late Bronze Age diplomatic correspondence, vassals attempt to demonstrate their loyalty by declaring they would carry out any command of the king even if it is self-destructive. A critical aspect of these exchanges is that the seemingly harmful order was never meant to be fulfilled. The exaggerated offer to undergo needless suffering was sufficient proof that the subaltern was an arad kitti, or 'faithful servant'. This rhetorical dynamic, wherein the 'deferential gesture' is enough to satisfy a seemingly overwrought demand, has relevance for evaluating components of the divine decree in Genesis 22, that Abraham deliver up his son 'as a burnt offering', his willingness to carry out its dictates, and the heavenly overlord's ultimately setting aside its execution. The author suggests that the biblical episode was a symbolic ritual enacted between the deity and patriarch, whose intent was to exalt Abraham as the arad kitti, par excellence, and to demonstrate that God was the most trustworthy of suzerains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The emotional valence of memory recall strongly influences the extreme, and often self‐destructive behavioral response. Overall, 4427 people from the community filled out our screening questionnaire, of which 674 (mean age: 32.9 years, 64.7% women) passed the threshold for the likely presence of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Participants watched one of 9 possible video clips differing in valence (positive, negative or neutral). Results indicate support (ß =.151, p <.05) for a negative cognitive tendency in the evaluations proportionate to the severity of BPD but only when the impression is assessed with negatively‐worded items. This effect is detectable regardless of other factors such as negative mood, extremity of the answers or general impression of the character. These effects are unaffected by acute trauma. To conclude, different factors influence the recall of emotional stimuli, depending on the valence of the stimuli and the valence of the rating scale in persons with strong borderline tendencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article makes emphasis on two aspects, suicide and life-threatening actions is a product of research carried out at three universities in Medellin, Colombia, on suicide prevention in university scenarios. Self-destructive behaviors can be understood as suicide risk factors, as long as they are personal or circumstantial conditions, which may indicate the possibility of suicidal behavior, but also as a factor of instability or imbalance of psychological well-being. Thus, risky behaviors are conditions, which increase the likelihood of suicide or exposure to constant danger. The results indicate a high relationship between life-threatening behaviors and acts with explicit intent to commit suicide. In conclusion, university students with low levels of psychological well-being are exposed to high-risk situations and are more prone to suicidal thoughts and acts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prevalent Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) negatively affected individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using network analyses, this study explored the construct of PTSD symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in China to identify similarities and differences in PTSD symptom network connectivity between the general Chinese population and individuals reporting PTSD. We conducted an online survey recruiting 2858 Chinese adults. PTSD symptoms were measured using the PCL-5 and PTSD was determined according to the DSM-5 criteria. In the general population, self-destructive/reckless behaviours were on average the most strongly connected to other PTSD symptoms in the network. The five strongest positive connections were found between 1) avoidance of thoughts and avoidance of reminders, 2) concentration difficulties and sleep disturbance, 3) negative beliefs and negative trauma-related emotions, 4) irritability/anger and self-destructive/reckless behaviours, and 5) hypervigilance and exaggerated startle responses. Besides, negative connections were found between intrusive thoughts and trauma-related amnesia and between intrusive thoughts and self-destructive/reckless behaviours. Among individuals reporting PTSD, symptoms such as flashbacks and self-destructive/reckless behaviours were on average most strongly connected to other PTSD symptoms in the network. The five strongest positive connections were found between 1) concentration difficulty and sleep disturbance, 2) intrusive thoughts and emotional cue reactivity, 3) negative beliefs and negative trauma-related emotions, 4) irritability/anger and self-destructive/reckless behaviour, and 5) detachment and restricted affect. In addition, a negative connection was found between intrusive thoughts and self-destructive/reckless behaviours. Our results indicate similarly positive connections between concentration difficulty and sleep disturbance, negative beliefs and negative trauma-related emotions, and irritability/anger and self-destructive/reckless behaviours in the general and PTSD-reported populations. We argue that self-destructive/reckless behaviours are a core symptom of COVID-19 related PTSD, worthy of more attention in future psychiatric programmers. The most central symptom for the general group was self-destructive/reckless behaviours and for the PTSD subgroup was flashbacks. Results matched the hybrid model of PTSD and were important for prevention and intervention for PTSD related to COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many societal problems are related to human behavior. To change behavior, it is crucial to be aware of Lewin's formula indicating that behavior is a function of a person and their environment. Technology provides opportunities with regard to (measurement of) all three elements of this formula. This raises the question how existing technologies can be used to improve behavior change science. This article provides two answers to this question: application and innovation of theory. Technology can be used to apply behavior change methods in practice. For example, providing computer-tailored feedback based on a social-cognitive profile. Technology can also be used to innovate theory, which is less common, but results in more progress. For example, technology provides opportunities to triangulate ecological momentary assessment (EMA) with smartphone native sensor data to track behavior and environmental factors. If the opportunities provided by technology are combined with a rationale on how and which data to collect, then these data can be used to answer theoretically driven questions. Answering such questions results in better theories to both explain and change behavior. This is highly relevant for more effective and more efficient solutions to all societal problems related to human behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychotherapy, traditionally known as 'talking cure' is a vital and emerging intervention that uses various techniques to reduce psychological symptoms. These symptoms can cause impaired physical, physiological, cognitive, and social functioning which in-turn leads to major adverse cardiac events. The Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for about 31% of deaths globally and psychological illnesses such as depression and anxiety associated with CVDs pose a major threat to the world. Psychotherapy has proven its efficacy in helping patients change their self-destructive or unhealthy behaviors originating from negative thoughts about the disease. This review discusses the bidirectional relationship between depression and anxiety with CVDs, in addition to the role of psychotherapy in reducing depression and anxiety associated with CVDs such as Heart Failure (HF), Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) and Coronory Artery Disease (CAD) outcomes. Unrecognized, untreated depression and anxiety in cardiovascular diseases results in worsening of cardiac function and quality of life. There are also many challenges associated with antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, appropriate screening and implementing psychological intervention helps to identify patients at risk and enhance cardiac outcomes and quality of life with limited cardiovascular side effects. However, collaborative cardiological and psychological studies are needed for providing individualized psychotherapy for CVDs patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Increased number of high BMI individuals eventually leads them to low self-esteem, low selfevaluation which can lead to self-destructive behaviours such as uncontrollable dieting or overeating. thus, in order to evaluate the eating attitudes a study is conducted among the undergraduate students. Incidence of fast food is increasing rapidly day by day especially in the young individuals, with improper food eating habits at irregular intervals which includes increased intake of carbonated soft drinks in young individuals, due to which there is increased risk of various health hazards out of which the most commonest health hazard is increased risk of obesity in young population especially of urban region obesity also affects the individuals in different aspects such as lethargy, psychological disturbances and physical inactivity leading to increased risk of cardiovascular complications. EAT -26 questionnaire is a screening measure which helps in determining whether you might have an eating disorder that needs professional attention. This questionnaire is a screening measure and is not designed to make a diagnosis of an eating disorder or to replace the place of a professional consultation. Objective: The objective of the study was to get the number of individuals at risk and to analyse the change in the food habits. Study design: The design of the study is Observational with 1 month study duration. Result: 44 students were having inappropriate eating disorder whereas 156 students were having normal eating habits. Conclusion: 22% of students are at risk of eating disorder tested by EAT 26 questionnaire . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TEENS AND SUICIDE: RECOGNIzING THE SIGNS AND SHARING HOPE | LOWE 11 Weakened influence of parents and pastors. TEENS AND SUICIDE: RECOGNIzING THE SIGNS AND SHARING HOPE | LOWE 17 believe it causes depression and anxiety or only contributes to it, social media does provide an avenue for these ideas to flourish. 16 TEENS AND SUICIDE: RECOGNIzING THE SIGNS AND SHARING HOPE | LOWE and protects them (Isa 54:4; Heb 13:5-6). [Extracted from the article]

Compliance, according to Control Mastery Theory, is an emotional, cognitive, and behavioral response to trauma that reflects the beliefs that "you deserve what you get" and "you get what you deserve." Patients "comply" when they 1) believe their distorted pathogenic beliefs are true, 2) act as if these beliefs were true, 3) reenact in present relationships traumatic, pathological interactions experienced earlier in childhood, and 4) tend to protect parents by justifying their hurtful behavior. Compliance results from the fact that children tend to believe parents as absolute authorities. Because of family loyalty and a wish to protect parents, children may assume the worst about themselves in dysfunctional families. Then they may act in ways that make their negative self-image true, consistent with the notion of a "self-fulfilling prophecy". Based on these deeply embedded negative self-images and self-destructive roles, children may repeat these patterns long into adult life. Along with "pathological identifications", the concept of "compliance" helps clinicians understand the origins of many self-destructive behaviors and why patients are so loathe to relinquish them. Clinical examples will illustrate the usefulness of understanding the role of compliance as well as treatment techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Рассматривается проблема саморазрушающего поведения старших подростков. Всестороннее исследование данного вопроса в достаточной мере соответствует настоятельным потребностям широкой аудитории педагогов и психологов, а также социальным запросам общества. Представлены результаты собственного исследования. Дан анализ мотива в процессе самоопределения в старшем подростковом возрасте и проблемы характерологического склада подростка как сочетанного влияния двух факторов, принимающих участие в его формировании, – социально-психологического и биологического.

Madison Smartt Bell's votive biography Child of Light affirms novelist Robert Stone as a weathered observer of the American Century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his penetrating How to Hide an Empire, Daniel Immerwahr considers US treatment of its territories, and chronicles the steep costs of imperial exploitation and neglect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intergenerational trauma in Indigenous Peoples was not the result of a targeted event, but rather political and governmental policies inflicted upon entire generations. The resultant effects of these traumas and multiple losses include addiction, depression, anxiety, violence, self-destructive behaviors, and suicide, to name but a few. Traditional healers, Elders, and Indigenous facilitators agree that the reclamation of traditional healing practices combined with conventional interventions could be effective in addressing intergenerational trauma and substance use disorders. Recent research has shown that the blending of Indigenous traditional healing practices and the Western treatment model Seeking Safety resulted in a reduction of intergenerational trauma (IGT) symptoms and substance use disorders (SUD). This article focuses on the Indigenous facilitators who were recruited and trained to conduct the sharing circles as part of the research effort. We describe the six-day training, which focused on the implementation of the Indigenous Healing and Seeking Safety model, as well as the impact the training had on the facilitators. Through the viewpoints and voices of the facilitators, we explore the growth and changes the training brought about for them, as well as their perception of how their changes impacted their clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide and self-harm are major public health problems. Individuals who die by or attempt suicide and those who self-harm have elevated rates of traumatic stress exposure, underscoring the importance of a trauma-informed approach to suicide prevention. Rooted in the evidence on care for traumatic stress and suicide prevention, and our collective experience as clinicians and clinical researchers, this manuscript bridges these two literatures to offer clinical guidance on an evidence-based trauma-informed approach to suicide prevention. We describe our evidence-based approach to trauma-informed suicide prevention care: SAFETY-Acute (A) also known as the Family Intervention for Suicide Prevention (FISP). This approach offers a therapeutic assessment and intervention following a suicidal episode that aims to further assess safety and engage in a developmentally-informed safety planning process with the youth and parents/caregivers. In randomized controlled trials, SAFETY-A has demonstrated efficacy for improving continuity of care after an Emergency Department visit for suicidality (Objective 8.4 of the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention) and for reducing suicide attempt risk when combined with evidence-based follow-up treatment. We illustrate the approach with a case example, and offer comments based on our experience across diverse clinical settings including emergency and crisis services, outpatient clinics, and schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is an article, with transdisciplinary essay characteristics, that reveals constituent aspects of a phenomenology of resilience of the boy Charlie Brown, from the comic strips Peanuts. It presents Charlie Brown in his interrelations, self-imaginary and behavioral constitution in the interaction with other characters: Linus, his best friend (support structure), Lucy, the girl with the sadistic need to be his tormentor (destructuring) and Sally, her younger sister, on which he exerts a relationship of zeal (empowerment). In methodological terms, we performed the following procedures: we traced the limits of "what" and "who" would be observed, identifying which characters had greater dialogue with the protagonist. We selected a space analysis time, in this case, a series of comic strips of the characters published in the period from 1961 to 1962. It is concluded that the relationship between his interlocutors reveals a set of supports that enhance behaviors of psychological resilience and that, frustrating expectations, the main character demonstrates a relationship of superiority in the face of adversity and the negative self-concept, revealing resilience as opposed to what could be psychologically self-destructive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the film "A Thousand Acres (1997)". Particular focus is given to the role of the corruption of a father who molests his daughters is projected onto the imagery of the family house and surroundings. The article analyzes the film "Magnolia (1999)". Particular focus is given to the role of epic proportions, audience discomfort at multiple manifestations of family trauma is mitigated by the biblical references underpinning the narrative, culminating in a massive rain of frogs.

Quaderni piacentini, set up in 1962 by Piergiorgio Bellocchio and Grazia Cherchi, was probably the most iconic leftist periodical in Italy before 1968. Its criticism against both the Italian Communist Party for its non-revolutionary policy and the reformist centre-left coalition, its uncompromising ethics, and its exploring into non-orthodox Marxist approaches made it representative of the intellectual New Left in Italy, against the background of advanced industrialization. This article explores the changing perception of the role of intellectuals in society from classic forms of an elitist political involvement to the desired identification with the masses. It argues that between the two different ways to approach culture that intersected in Quaderni piacentini and characterized the debate around 1968, namely the one expressed by Franco Fortini – advocate of the function of intellectuals and of the use of literature for political purposes – and the one supported by Alberto Asor Rosa – convinced of the need for a self-destruction of traditional ʻbourgeois' disciplines – the periodical tended to side with the former, in order to keep culture a credible and legitimate tool for militancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This article presents an investigation about suicide from a phenomenological-hermeneutical perspective. Methods: It is inspired by the philosopher Martin Heidegger's thought to carry out a phenomenological destruction (Destruktion) of notions commonly associated with suicide, such as: Violence against oneself, crisis and unreason. Likewise, a clinical situation is presented based on daseinsanalyse, which shows how the concrete situation escapes the current scientific postulations, which view suicidal ideation as a symptomatic manifestation of a mental disorder. Conclusions: Suicide can be understood existentially, interspersed with the senses that are present on the horizon of those who think of ending their own life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) is an intervention introduced by Davanloo in order to treat anxiety, mood and somatic symptom, and personality disorders. It is a brief intervention aiming to identify and process painful or forbidden emotions and consequently to override symptoms and self-destructive tendencies. In this review we examine the efficacy of ISTDP on symptoms in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD).Methods: A thorough search of articles in Pubmed, PsycINFO, Isi Web of Knowledge was carried out in order to obtain available studies of ISTDP for BD and MDD. We included all studies conducted on patients with a diagnosis of MDD or BD and who received ISTDP.Results: Eight studies were included. These were two randomized controlled trials and six observational studies. Overall the results of the included manuscripts suggest a positive effect of ISTDP on depressive symptoms for patients affected by mood disorders. Furthermore, they suggest ISTDP may be cost-effective through reducing doctor visits and hospitalizations in follow-up.Limitations: Most studies had small samples and consisted of non-randomized trials.Conclusions: These are preliminary positive results on the effectiveness of this approach for the treatment of depressive symptoms. They have to be confirmed by studies with larger sample sizes and by comparing this technique with other psychological treatments such as cognitive-behavioral therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reckless and self-destructive behaviours (RSDBs), common among traumatised individuals, are associated with negative health consequences. Gaining a stronger understanding of factors associated with an increased likelihood of RSDBs among traumatised individuals offers potential new avenues for research and treatment. Mounting evidence indicates relations between traumatic experiences and deficits/disturbances in characteristics of positive memories; however, relations between RSDBs and positive memory characteristics has been understudied. Using hierarchical multiple regression, we examined relations between positive memory characteristics (Memory Experiences Questionnaire-Short Form; MEQ-SF) and RSDBs, controlling for PTSD and depression severity, among a sample of treatment-seeking trauma-exposed individuals (N = 77; Mage= 33.96; 57.10% female). Results indicated that MEQ-SF subscales of Accessibility, Coherence, Emotional Intensity, and Sensory Details were significantly associated with engagement in RSDBs, above and beyond PTSD and depressive severity. Those who easily accessed emotionally evocative positive memories tended to engage in elevated RSDBs; those with less coherence and fewer sensory details in their positive memories were also more likely to engage in RSDBs. Theories related to emotion dysregulation and cognitive deficits may explain these obtained relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excoriation disorder (ED) is a primary psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent skin picking, which may lead to self‐induced cutaneous lesions and significant distress or functional impairment. The affected patient is aware of his/her self‐destructive behavior but feels unable to give up this habit, despite having made repeated attempts to decrease or stop it. ED is a relatively frequent disorder, of notable heterogeneity and phenomenological complexity, accompanied by significant emotional and physical consequences. Therefore, further research is necessary to enhance the knowledge on its clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and comorbidities. This article presents an update regarding the etiopathogenesis, clinical aspects, and treatment options of ED to provide an up‐to‐date review for psychiatrists, dermatologists, and general practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As relações existentes com as figuras parentais revelam-se importantes para os jovens adultos no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de estratégias de coping adequadas e de competências sociais. A presença de um estilo parental democrático parece minimizar o envolvimento dos filhos em comportamentos de risco, nomeadamente o consumo de álcool, tabaco e outras drogas. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o papel dos estilos parentais no risco de consumo de álcool e no desenvolvimento de outros comportamentos adictivos e autodestrutivos em estudantes universitários. A amostra foi constituída por 1044 jovens, dos quais 277 (26.5%) do sexo masculino e 767 (73.5%) do sexo feminino. Todos os participantes tinham idades compreendias entre os 18 e 25 anos (M=19.78; DP=1.68). Recorreu-se a um questionário sociodemográfico e a instrumentos de autorrelato, nomeadamente o Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire: Short Version (PSDQ), o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) e a Escala de Comportamentos Desviantes (ECD). Os resultados apontam para um efeito preditor dos estilos parentais negativos (autoritário e permissivo) face ao comportamento adictivo e autodestrutivo dos jovens. Verificou-se ainda, o papel mediador do consumo de álcool na associação entre os estilos parentais negativos e o comportamento adictivo e autodestrutivo. The relationships with parental figures are important for young adults in the developing of appropriated coping strategies and social skills. The presence of a democratic parenting style seems to minimize the involvement of the children in risk behaviors, namely the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. The present study aims to analyze the role of parenting styles in the risk of alcohol consumption, as also the development of additive and self-destructive behavior in university students. The sample consisted of 1044 young people, of whom 277 (26.5%) were male and 767 (73.5%) were female. All participants were between 18 and 25 years of old (M=19.78; SD=1.68). Were used a sociodemographic questionnaire and self-report instruments, namely the Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire: Short Version (PSDQ), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Deviant Behavior Scale (ECD). The results point to a predictive effect of negative parenting styles (authoritarian and permissive) in relation to the additive and self-destructive behavior of the university students. The mediating role of alcohol consumption in the association between negative parenting styles and additive and self-destructive behavior was also verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose was to examine (a) gender differences in violent crime, (b) gender differences in the risk factors related to violent offending, and (c) the factors that moderate the relationship between gender and violent crime among 290 inmates. The findings indicated no gender differences in violent crimes. The findings revealed that violent crime is associated with family crime, exposure to interparental violence, child abuse and neglect (CAN), and mental health. Low–medium economic status and CAN were associated with higher risk of violence only among the women. The findings highlight the intersection of CAN with self-destructive behaviors which require simultaneous interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spite is typically considered a vicious emotion that causes us to engage in petty, vindictive, and sometimes self-destructive behavior. Even though it has this bad reputation, I will argue that spite is a reactive attitude. Spite is emotional defiance of another's command: to spite you, I will do something exactly because you told me not to. Our liability to feelings of spite presupposes that we recognize others as having practical authority, which is why it qualifies as a reactive attitude. I conclude by offering conditions under which spite can be justified and unjustified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Despite the interest in technology-enhanced preventive interventions for suicidality, there is minimal peer-reviewed research on conversations of text message hotlines. In this large-scale study, the authors explored distinct classes of users of the Crisis Text Line who reported suicidality. Classes were based on texters' presenting psychosocial issues and were explored across frequency of hotline use and conversation number.Methods: Data included 153,514 conversations from 122,909 individuals collected by the Crisis Text Line (2013-2017). Analyses were restricted to conversations from users who mentioned current or previous suicidality and excluded texters who discussed a third party. The authors used latent class analysis to identify distinct classes of texters on the basis of crisis counselor-assigned issue tags and across subgroups reflecting whether the conversation was the first or last contact with the hotline and frequency of use (one-time, two-time, or ≥3-time texters).Results: Three classes emerged in all subsamples. The largest class, "lower distress," had the lowest prevalence of all issues. The second largest class, "anxious distress," had the highest prevalence of anxiety or stress and elevated depression. The smallest class, "relational distress," had the highest prevalence of depression and self-harm and higher probability of endorsing relational indicators.Conclusions: Psychological and relational issues mostly distinguished the three classes. Despite differing frequency of hotline usage, most texters who reported suicidal ideation and behaviors endorsed similar issues, and these issues did not seem to vary across conversations. Yet there appeared to be distinct subgroups of texters with different presenting issues, which may inform how crisis counselors tailor strategies for both low- and high-volume texters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are treated in long-term specialised care. In this population, suicidal behaviour troubles patients, families, and specialists in the field because it is difficult to treat. At present, there is no documented effective therapy for suicidal behaviour in ASD (Autism Research 7:507-521, 2014; Crisis 35:301-309, 2014). Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) is an efficacious treatment programme for chronically suicidal and/or self-harm behaviour in patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (J Psychiatry 166:1365-1374, 2014; Linehan MM. Cognitive behavioural therapy of borderline personality disorder. 1993). This study will evaluate the efficacy of DBT in persons with ASD and suicidal/ self- destructive behaviour in a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial. Method: One hundred twenty-eight persons with autism and suicidal and/or self-harming behaviour will be recruited from specialised mental healthcare services and randomised into two conditions: 1) the DBT condition in which the participants have weekly individual cognitive behavioural therapy sessions and a 2.5 h skills training group session twice per week during 6 months, and 2) the treatment as usual condition which consists of weekly individual therapy sessions of 30–45 min with a psychotherapist or social worker. Assessments will take place at baseline, at post-treatment (6 months), and after a follow-up period of 12 months. The mediators will also be assessed at 3 months. The primary outcome is the level of suicidal ideation and behaviour. The secondary outcomes are anxiety and social performance, depression, core symptoms of ASD, quality of life, and cost-utility. Emotion regulation and therapeutic alliance are hypothesised to mediate the effects on the primary outcome. Discussion: The results from this study will provide an evaluation of the efficacy of DBT treatment in persons with ASD on suicidal and self-harming behaviour. The study is conducted in routine mental health services which enhances the generalisability of the study results to clinical practice. Trial registration: ISRCTN96632579. Registered 1 May 2019. Retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicidal ideation is subject to serious underestimation among existing public health studies. While numerous factors have been recognized in affecting suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB), the associated environmental risks have been poorly understood. Foremost among the various environment risks were air pollution, in particular, the PM2.5. The present study attempted to examine the relationship between PM2.5 level and local weekly index of suicidal ideation (ISI).Methods: Using Internet search query volumes in Baidu (2017), the largest internet search engine in China, we constructed a prefectural panel data (278 prefectures, 52 weeks) and employed dynamic panel GMM system estimation to analyze the relationship between weekly concentration of PM2.5 (Mean = 87 μg·m- 3) and the index of suicidal ideation (Mean = 49.9).Results: The results indicate that in the spring and winter, a 10 μg·m- 3 increase in the prior week's PM2.5 in a Chinese city is significantly associated with 0.020 increase in ISI in spring and a 0.007 increase in ISI in winter, after taking account other co-pollutants and meteorological conditions.Conclusion: We innovatively proposed the measure of suicidal ideation and provided suggestive evidence of a positive association between suicidal ideation and PM2.5 level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In ICUs, the natural stressors of patient care are augment by the suffering and death, fear, and uncertainty of the patients. 12 Riley BH, White J, Graham S. Traditional/restrictive vs patient-centered intensive care unit visitation: Perceptions of patients' family members, physicians, and nurses. Information or education interventions for adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients and their carers. 43 Truog RD, Campbell ML, Curtis JR; American Academy of Critical Care Medicine: Recommendations for end-of-life care in the intensive care unit: A consensus statement by the American College [corrected] of Critical Care Medicine. [Extracted from the article]

The phenomenon of self-destructiveness has long puzzled scholars and researchers alike. Through a review of the literature our goal was to theoretically explore the field of self-destructive behaviour among clinical and non-clinical populations. We differentiate between behaviour that more frequently occurs among individuals in the non-clinical population (e.g. procrastination, self-handicapping, learned helplessness etc.) and behaviour which is more frequent in the clinical population (self-harm, substance abuse, suicide etc.) The review showed that the factors influencing self-destructive behaviour in otherwise healthy individuals are self-regulation capacity and emotional distress. Among the clinical population trauma in the form of physical abuse, sexual abuse and experiencing violence has been found to be one of the fundamental causes of self-destructive behaviour. Contemporary research has proposed the "experiential avoidance model", a model which understands self-destructiveness as a strategy to mitigate emotional distress. Although differing in severity, self-destructive behaviour among clinical and non-clinical individuals appears to have the same goal of helping the individual manage emotional distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the important role of schools in influencing juvenile delinquency, limited research has investigated the contextual effects of schools on delinquency. Using the framework of macro-level strain theory, this study investigates the effects of school-level strain on delinquent behavior among Chinese adolescents. The sample comprises 1411 adolescents from 32 middle schools in Guangzhou, a large city in Southern China. Results from multilevel regression models show that school-aggregated level of strain is positively associated with both self-destructive and other-directed delinquent behaviors, after adjusting for individual strain and other sociodemographic variables. Specifically, school-level anticipated educational goal blockage and negative treatment by teachers are positively associated with self-destructive behavior, whereas school mean level of negative treatment by peers is positively related to other-directed behavior. Although individual-level strain is positively associated with both types of delinquency, it only partially mediates the effect of school-level strain on self-destructive delinquent behavior. This study also investigates whether school-level variables may condition the strain-delinquency relationship. The results show a significant interaction between personal strain and overall delinquent schoolmates on both self- and other-directed delinquent behaviors, indicating that school-level delinquent peers significantly exacerbate the effect of strain on delinquent behaviors. These findings suggest that the effort to reduce juvenile delinquency should target practices to alleviate both individual strain and aggregate strain, and provide more resources and support for students, particularly those in schools with substantial disruptive student behaviors, to legitimately cope with strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition in which the experience of a traumatic event causes a series of psychiatric and behavioral symptoms such as hypervigilance, insomnia, irritability, aggression, constricted affect, and self-destructive behavior. This paper investigates two case studies to argue that the experience of PTSD is not restricted to humans alone; we have good epistemic reason to hold that some animals can experience genuine PTSD, given our current and best clinical understanding of the disorder in humans. I will use this evidence to argue for two claims. First, because the causal structure of PTSD plausibly requires reference to a traumatic conscious experience in order to explain subsequent behaviors, the fact that animals can have PTSD provides new evidence for animal consciousness. Second, the discovery of PTSD in animals puts pressure on accounts which hold that animal behavior can be fully explained without reference to subjective experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing literature indicates a theoretical and empirical relation between engagement in reckless behaviors and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Thus, the DSM-5 revision of the PTSD nosology added a new "reckless or self-destructive behavior" (RSDB) symptom (Criterion E2). The current study applied a network analytic approach to examine the item-level relations among a range of reckless behaviors and PTSD symptom clusters. Participants were recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N = 417), and network analysis was conducted with 20 variables: six PTSD symptom clusters, corresponding to the hybrid model of PTSD (Armour et al., 2015) and excluding the externalizing behavior cluster (Community 1), and 14 items related to reckless behavior (Community 2). The results showed that the network associations were strongest within each construct (i.e., within PTSD and within reckless behaviors), although several bridge connections (i.e., between PTSD clusters and reckless behaviors) were identified. Most reckless behavior items had direct associations with one or more PTSD symptom clusters. The present findings support the existence of close relations between a variety of reckless behaviors and PTSD symptom clusters beyond their relations with DSM Criterion E2. The results provide testable hypotheses about the associations between specific reckless behaviors and PTSD symptom clusters, which may inform future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To examine parents' experiences of abuse directed at them by their adult children with drug problems. Material and Method: The material consists of 32 qualitative interviews on child-to-parent abuse with 24 mothers and eight fathers. The interviewees had experienced verbal abuse (insults), emotional abuse (threats), financial abuse (damage to property and possessions) and physical abuse (physical violence). Findings: In the parents' narratives, the parent-child interaction is dominated by the child's destructive drug use, which the parents are trying to stop. This gives rise to conflicts and ambivalence. The parents' accounts seem to function as explaining and justifying their children's disruptive behavior in view of the drug use. The fact that an external factor - drugs - is blamed seems to make it easier to repair the parent-child bonds. The parents differentiate between the child who is sober and the child who is under the influence of drugs, that is, between the genuine child and the fake, unreal child. The sober child is a person that the parent likes and makes an effort for. The child who is on drugs is erratic, at times aggressive and self-destructive. Conclusions: The interviewed parents' well-being is perceived as directly related to how their children's lives turn out. The single most important factor in improving the parents' situation is to find a way for their adult child to live their lives without drug problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article features author William Faulkner and his war stories and experiences. Also cited are Faulkner's enlistment to the British Royal Air Force, the narrative of Yoknapatawpha County in Mississippi as his lifetime literary project, some of his novels like "Soldiers' Pay," and "Sartoris," and the works of other authors like Elliott White Springs and James Warner Bellah.

This article intends to provide a better understanding of death through the phenomenon of suicide. Suicide presents itself as an analyzer of this discussion, once it is read as the escape, through death, from an annihilation of life. In this article, it is mainly used Karl Menninger's (1938/2018) studies on self-destructive behaviors, such as self-mutilation and purposed accidents, Elisabeth Kluber-Ross' (1969/1981) experience with terminally ill patients and her impressions about the way the closed ones and the medical staff of the patients deal with the narrowing of death, and Maria Julia Kovács' (1992) analysis over death during the human development and the changes of the significations of the dead body throughout the centuries, along with other authors. With them, it is argued that self-destructive behaviors often seek the preservation of the subject rather than its total annihilation, and that the removal of death from its inaccessible and denied place in culture is one of the possible ways to avoid it. Finally, it is concluded that the preservation of life at all costs promotes more death than life and annihilation of subjectivity, that could be considered a death in life, as Kovács (1992) will report. The avoiding of death proposes its denial and muteness around supposedly destructive behaviors related to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

James and his characters practice a melancholic attachment to the losses of the past.Drawing on a variety of James's writings, and engaging recent theory concerned to rethink the mourning/melancholy binary, this essay argues that "feeling backward" in James is a specifically modern response to loss, a relation to the past necessitated by a modernity where traditional forms of mourning have become problematic.Often misunderstood as a nostalgic, self-destructive clinging to the past, Jamesian melancholia bears witness to an experience of loss and a relation to the past and the dead fundamentally altered yet strangely rendered precious by the circumstances of modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studies devoted to suicide risk factors are of importance because they define the transition from intent and conflict to the realization of the intention in the form of a suicidal act. In this study, three groups of people undergo a survey on the behavioral factors for suicide risk and findings are presented alongside interpretation. The survey shows that the suicidal situation is considered the most serious by the third group (the adolescents), as evidenced by the absence of low scores among the given suicidal factors. At the same time, respondents in all three groups believe that drugs and substance abuse have the greatest influence on the formation of suicidal behavior in adolescents. Thus, the suicidal situation among the adolescent population is unfavorable and requires the adoption of urgent measures to improve it. The study provides recommendations for reducing behavioral risk factors for suicide among adolescent schoolchildren. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]