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The problem of limited budget funds for subsidizing agriculture is acute in Kazakhstan. Under these conditions, it is important to ensure targeting of subsidies, when they are delivered to those producers who are able to use them effectively for the production needs. The aim of the research is to highlight the main trends in the distribution of subsidies in the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan and their impact on the results of the industry. The efficiency of subsidies is influenced not only by their structure by type, but also by their distribution among commodity producers. On average in 2018-2021, thirty largest subjects of the agro-industrial complex, receiving 4-10 % of the total amount of subsidies, give 4-15 % of tax revenues, have 3-7 % of the gross profit in agriculture in Kazakhstan. The concentration ratios for 2018-2021 do not exceed 0.10, and for 150 largest farms they do not exceed 0.21, showing no significant changes in 2020-2021. This indicator allows to estimate the degree of uneven distribution of subsidies among recipient farms: the higher it is, the more unevenly the support is distributed. The indices of even distribution of subsidies based on profits are characterized by a downward trend in 2018-2021, regarding that the contribution of the largest subsidy recipients to the total gross profit has decreased. The same suspicious trend is inherent in the Equal Distribution of Subsidies Indices based on taxes paid. Based on the author’s method, the paper reveals the connection between production efficiency, provided at the expense of innovations, and the increase in the contribution of innovatively active producers to the industry's gross profit. By subsidizing advanced and innovatively active producers, the state will contribute to the increase of return on subsidies (expressed as an increase in the recipients' contribution to the industry’s gross profit). Based on these principles, the author recommends to prioritize subsidizing among subjects of the agro-industrial complex.

The aim of the research is to assess the impact of the introduction of export duties on changes in the Russian wheat market situation. The work examines the mechanism of wheat export regulation in Russia in current conditions, and also identifies its shortcomings and proposes the ways to eliminate them. The methodology of the research is based on the theory of industry markets, including the analysis of the effects of export restrictions. The study includes the period of 2017-2021. The paper shows that losses of domestic wheat producers due to export duty will exceed $ 1 billion on an annual basis since June 02, 2021. The consumer gains will reach US$ 10 million, and state budget revenues will reach US$ 10 million. The government revenues from the customs duty would be US$ 1.4 billion. The net result of Russia from the introduction of the export duty will be negative, amounting to – $ 400 million. Wheat export in Russia should not be severely restricted to prevent domestic price increases. Despite the imposed export duties, producer prices for wheat raise significantly: in August 2021 the price was $174.3 per 1 ton, in November 2021 it was $205.8. The author proposes to abolish export restrictions and focus policy measures on improving the transport system, market, information infrastructure and the spread of digital technologies in grain production, storage and transportation. The economic characteristics of the effectiveness of tariff measures can be of great value to government authorities, agricultural producers and researchers. They make it possible to improve the strategy of state export regulation in accordance with the tasks of development and the needs of society and the economy.

Here, we report a simple and versatile synthesis of low-dimensional ZnO nanosheet (NS) arrays modified with Fe2O3 (hematite) to assemble photocatalytic coatings and non-enzymatic glucose sensors. Photocatalytic coatings made of widespread elements (zinc and iron) were tested for methylene blue (MB) dye decolorization under ultraviolet and visible (UV-vis) irradiation. A comparative study of unmodified and modified ZnO NS photocatalysts revealed a significant decrease in the dye concentration in 180 min when ZnO/Fe2O3 arrays were used. Size dependence efficiency of the hematite layer deposited onto ZnO is presented. A study of the sensitivity of biosensors made of ZnO nanostructures and ZnO/Fe2O3 nanocomposites for glucose detection showed an improvement in sensitivity with increased Fe2O3 thickness. The structure and morphology of low-dimensional coatings were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The optical properties of nanoarrays showed a red shift of absorption after modifying ZnO with hematite layers, which holds good promise for expanding photocatalytic activity in the visible region.

Waste from the leather and footwear industries is not disposed of at the enterprises, but is taken to landfills, which leads to environmental pollution. Research of waste processing technology in order to reduce their negative impact on the environment is an urgent task. The paper considers the processes of shredding leather and Shoe production waste, technological processes for obtaining secondary raw materials and products from them. For this purpose, an installation has been developed that allows studying the process of grinding waste suitable for further processing in laboratory conditions. Studies were carried out to determine the rational modes of the technological process of grinding waste from these industries. The sequence of processing and the obtained values of the modes are recommended for use in production conditions.

The work is devoted to the study of the noise-protective ability of textile materials used for special clothing. An installation has been developed that allows measuring the noise level passing through the materials. Depending on the number of layers of materials, comparative evaluations of noise-protective capacity are determined. The research method allows to reasonably choose materials of special clothes for those working in noise-polluted conditions.

Introduction. The construction sphere widely uses steel thin-walled cold-formed profiles. In arched steel coldformed trapezoidal section profiles, residual normal stresses oriented along the profile occur at the stage of manufacturing arched blanks from flat profiled sheets and are caused by the cold bending process involving the extreme zones of the profile in the plastic stage with unloading without subsequent heat treatment. According to preliminary estimates, the residual stresses are up to one third of the calculated resistance of sheet steel at small radii of the arch profile. At present, the researchers do not take into account the residual technological stresses of the longitudinal bending when designing structures from thin-walled longitudinally bent rolled trapezoidal sections. The purpose of the paper is to develop a method for determining residual stresses in compressed flanges of arched steel thin-walled cold-rolled profiled sheets, which provides simplicity of the measurement and calculation methods, reliability and high accuracy of the obtained stress values.Materials and methods. The authors made the analysis of previously published materials and identified the advantages and disadvantages of previous studies. Moreover, the authors showed the advantages of the proposed method for determining the residual technological normal stresses in compressed flanges of arched steel thin-rolled profiled steel.Results. The researches formed a new method for making sections of a compressed shelf and measuring residual normal stresses in the compressed flanges of an arched steel sheet of cold-rolled profiled steel. The proposed method greatly simplified the existing method of determining residual technological normal stresses in compressed profile flanges, improved the accuracy of measuring normal stresses in compressed profile flanges.Discussion and conclusions. The method of measuring residual process stresses allows improving existing methods for determining residual stresses, simplifying calculations, as well as improving the accuracy of stresses. In the future, the authors will make a numerical simulation of the bending arch profiles, as well as an experimental assessment of the adequacy of the proposed method.The authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Financial transparency: the authors have no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.

Exploitation of common elements as photocatalysts for conversion of photons to electricity stimulates the development of a green energy strategy. In this paper, methods for the preparation of active coatings based on ZnO/Ag/CdS, which are used in the photocatalytic oxidation reaction, are examined. The physical and chemical properties of the resulting arrays were studied using optical spectrometers, an electron microscope, an X-ray diffractometer, and potentiostatic measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The effectiveness of photocatalysts was calculated by the ability to liberate gas from aqueous solutions when exposed to light. The rate of degradation was indirectly measured with a conductometer.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of meteorological factors to the occurrence of myocardial infarction in patients with multivessel coronary atherosclerosis in the North. 337 consecutive patients (278 men and 59 women), mean age 53,7 ± 8,9 years, with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with ST-segment elevation were examined. In 188 patients (57.0 %) has been revealed multivessel coronary artery disease. It was found that the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in patients with multivessel coronary atherosclerosis in the North directly associated with indicators of atmospheric pressure on the day of the debut of the disease. Average daily air pressure in the debut day of acute myocardial infarction is one of the factors that directly determine the occurrence of the disease in patients with multivessel coronary atherosclerosis in North (Exp (B) = 1,04, (CI 95 %: 1,01-1, 08), p = 0,012).

This paper is devoted to the synthesis of solid silicon carbide (SiCx) films on the surface of single-crystal silicon (c-Si) with a thin interlayer of amorphous silicon (a-Si) by magnetron sputtering as well as to establish new regularities in the influence of heat treatment on composition, crystallization processes and structure of layers. A principal difference between the method of synthesis and the traditionally used magnetron sputtering is the 13.56 MHz high-frequency magnetron sputtering of a silicon target and a graphite target. An amorphous SiC0.97 film with a density of 3.179 g/cm3 and 165 nm thick was obtained under the deposition regime: rf = 150 W, 13.56 MHz; Ar – 2.4 l/h, 0.4 Pa; 100°C, 2400 s; containing SiC nanocrystals after annealing (1100°C, 30 min, Ar). Synthesis of an amorphous SiCx film with a density of 3.204 g/cm3 at a long sputtering of Si and C targets – 14400 s, containing nanoclusters with a predominance of truncated SiC bonds, was carried out.

The aim of this study was to investigate associations of meteorological factors with complications of hospital stage of acute myocardial infarction in Surgut city. 337 consecutive patients (278 men and 59 women), mean age 53,7 ± 8,9 years, with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with ST-segment elevation were examined. In the group of female patients with AMI the early post-infarction angina was positively correlated with the maximum atmospheric pressure in the debut day of AMI (r = 0,294, p = 0,028). Using binary logistic regression (χ²=14,7, p=0,002) we revealed that the deaths in patients with AMI positively depends on the aged (p = 0,001), minimum level of atmospheric pressure in the period from the start of AMI to the end of hospital stage (p = 0,039). It was found that the occurrence of pulmonary edema in women with AMI is directly dependent on the level of minimum atmospheric pressure in the period from the start of AMI to the end of the hospital stage (p = 0,032).

The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics of a hospital phase of acute myocardial infarction in patients with varying degrees of severity of coronary lesions on a scale SYNTAX after endovascular treatment. The severity of coronary lesions on a scale SYNTAX evaluated in 330 consecutive patients (274 men and 56 women), mean age 53.6 ± 8.9 years, with acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. This patients were divided into three groups: a group with severe coronary disease (SYNTAX ≥ 33), with moderate (SYNTAX from 23 to 32) and low lesion (SYNTAX from 0 to 22). In patients with severe coronary disease had fewer than in patients with low values of the defeat of the Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), and total protein, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. In groups with SYNTAX from 23 to 32 and with SYNTAX ≥ 33 higher blood glucose levels than in the SYNTAX from 0 to 22, and the rate of urea in patients with severe coronary disease exceed the value of this parameter in patients with low and moderate coronary disease. In patients with severe coronary disease are more likely than those with low lesions observed the phenomenon of non-resumption of blood flow after stenting (no-reflow), stent thrombosis, pulmonary edema, acute aneurysm recurrence of heart attack and bleeding. Using binary logistic regression (χ2 model = 25.4, p < 0.001) we revealed that with heavy coronary lesion (SYNTAX ≥ 33) most significantly associated pleural effusion (p < 0.001), the phenomenon of non-renewal blood flow after stenting (no-reflow) (p = 0.004), and acute aneurysm (p = 0.039).

Red cell distribution width (RDW), a measure of circulating erythrocyte size heterogeneity, is a new predictor of myocardial infarction (MI) prognosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the associations of RDW with clinical and laboratory parameters and gender characteristics of patients with acute myocardial infarction. A total of 250 patients (208 male and 42 female) with an ST elevation acute MI were examined. The RDW level was measured with an automated complete blood count. It did not differ in levels of RDW between male and female with MI. Series of associations were detected between RDW and carotid atherosclerosis (r = +0.156, p = 0.013), chronic anemia (r = +0.155, p = 0.014), with the presence of cancer (r = +0.178, p = 0.005), pleural effusion (r = +0.153, p = 0.015), thrombosis of the left ventricle (r = +0.133, p = 0.036), acute encephalopathy (r = +0.178, p = 0.005), leukocytes (r = +0.132, p = 0.037), platelet (r = +0.195, p = 0.002), and sodium (r = –0.232, p = 0.006). The most significant association of RDW with pleural effusion was detected according to the results of covariance analysis. This association has reflected influence of inflammation to complications acute MI.

Aim of the study was assessment of efficacy of rendering urgent aid to patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) at prehospital stage on the territory of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (KhMAO). The analysis showed that yearly about 5000 inhabitants of KhMAO-Yugra received prehospital medical care (30% because of acute myocardial infarction, 70% because of unstable angina). Over 3 years portion of persons requesting medical aid during first 3 hours after onset of pain attack increased 6.1%. Rate of prehospital fibrinolysis did not exceed 6.5%. Alteplase was used most often (79.7%). Late patient's appeal was among causes of rare application of thrombolytic therapy (41.8%). Most physicians responsible for prehospital care considered it necessary to refer patients with ACS directly to centers of interventional cardiology. The data obtained would promote improvement of quality of medical aid to ACS patients at prehospital stage.