6,216 results on '"Seidu A. -A."'
Search Results
202. Deprescribing, Polypharmacy and Prescribing Cascades in Older People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Focused Review
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Hickman, Elizabeth, Gillies, Clare, Khunti, Kamlesh, and Seidu, Samuel
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- 2023
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203. Ghanaian Parents’ Perspectives on Young Children’s Play Experiences during the Coronavirus Pandemic
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Felicia Elinam Dzamesi, Naa Adjeley Suta Alakija Sekyi, Anienie Veldsman, and Seidu Sofo
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covid-19 ,pandemic ,play ,young children ,socioeconomic status ,Education (General) ,L7-991 - Abstract
This study examined Ghanaian parents’ perspectives on how their children’s play experiences were influenced by the 2019 coronavirus pandemic. Purposive criterion sampling was used to select 15 parents (aged 20-50 years old) from three communities in the Cape Coast Metropolis in the Central Region of Ghana. The selection criteria were that potential parents had at least one child between the ages of four and eight years old, and that the child or children must be living with the parent(s) at the time of the study. Semi-structured interviews served as the primary source of data. Inductive data analysis strategies were employed to analyze the data. Results showed that children’s play experiences changed during the pandemic in terms of play types, play places, play partners, play materials, frequency of play, and gender dynamics. The major factors that influenced children’s play during the coronavirus outbreak were parents’ personal factors and the availability of play materials. Additionally, children were active agents in their own play experiences. There needs to be a concerted effort among parents, schools, and other stakeholders aimed at providing developmentally appropriate play experiences for young children.
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- 2023
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204. Prevalence and predictors of premarital sexual intercourse among young women in sub-Saharan Africa
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Eugene Budu, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Ebenezer Kwesi Armah-Ansah, James Boadu Frimpong, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Stephen Kofi Anin, John Elvis Hagan, and Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
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Premarital sexual intercourse ,Sexual and reproductive health ,sub-Saharan Africa ,Young women ,Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction Premarital sexual intercourse (PSI) without adequate information and/or appropriate application of the relevant knowledge about sex before marriage, potentially has adverse effects on the sexual and reproductive health outcomes of vulnerable young women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study sought to examine the prevalence and predictors of PSI among young women aged 15–24 in SSA. Methods Nationally representative cross-sectional data from 29 countries in SSA were extracted for the study. A weighted sample size of 87,924 never married young women was used to estimate the prevalence of PSI in each country. A multilevel binary logistic regression modelling approach was used to examine the predictors of PSI at p
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- 2023
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205. (Re)assessing Climate-Smart Agriculture practices for sustainable food systems outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of Bono East Region, Ghana
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Philip Tetteh Quarshie, Seidu Abdulai, and Evan D.G. Fraser
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Climate adaptation ,Climate-Smart Agriculture ,Ghana ,Smallholder farmers ,Sustainable food systems ,Sub-Saharan Africa ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
This research paper assesses the reality of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices’ potential to promote the outcomes of sustainable food systems (SFS) within Ghana’s smallholding agriculture context. The study demonstrates that rural farmers generally perceive CSA’s contribution to ‘food and nutrition security’ and ‘economic performance’ as more important than CSA’s contribution to ‘social equity’ and ‘environmental stewardship’. From a narrow perspective, the study demonstrates that farmers perceive CSA’s potential to ‘prevent pest and disease outbreaks’ and ‘increase human capital information’ as the most important contribution of CSA to SFS outcomes. In contrast, CSA’s potential to promote environmental stewardship is perceived as the least important among Ghana’s rural farmers. This enormity of displacement of smallholders’ perceptions at large is motivated by demographic, socioeconomic and ecological factors. Moreso, the CSA for SFS outcomes narratives is driven by farmers’ self-apprise, social networks and other local information dissemination agents. Furthermore, research findings suggest farmers’ awareness of CSA practices and interventions is deficient owing to unmet training and information needs for approximately 82% of the CSA practices and interventions. This situation elucidates the dichotomy of CSA practices’ narratives as tools for attaining food, nutrition security and economic performance to the detriment of critical issues such as increasing awareness and building farmers’ capacity to engage with CSA practices while also managing socio-ecological trade-offs that emerge over time due to engagement with CSA. Critical (re)orientation is needed across the scale to drive CSA practices and interventions that confine climate adaptation and food production practices within safe planetary boundaries without undermining social, economic, food and nutrition security needs.
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- 2023
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206. Delineation of preferential flow pathways in a tropical crystalline rock aquifer in Tarkwa, Ghana using integrated hydrogeophysical methods
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Prodeo Yao Agbotui, Anthony Ewusi, Jamel Seidu, Mark Brookman-Amissah, Anthony Woode, and Bright Aforla
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borehole dilution testing (bdt) ,crystalline rock aquifers ,delineation ,hydrogeophysics ,preferential flow pathways ,River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) ,TC401-506 ,Physical geography ,GB3-5030 - Abstract
In Ghana, crystalline rock aquifers with secondary hydraulic features and preferential flow pathways serve as very important aquifers. Protecting and managing these geological porous media require identifying preferential flow pathways and hydraulic characteristics. In this study, preferential flow pathways and hydraulic parameters were characterised for two boreholes (Hilly and Valley) located in Tarkwa, Ghana via the integrated use of borehole dilution testing (BDT), slug testing, and geological mapping. The geological fieldwork mapped a relatively sparsely fractured Sandstone Unit overlying a heavily foliated and fissile Phyllite Unit. Geology influenced groundwater flow in boreholes. The BDT confirmed the geology by showing a stratified flow system with preferential flow pathways. The Hilly/recharge area borehole shows relatively low downward flow, whereas the Valley/transition area borehole is dominated by the concentrated diffuse horizontal flow. These flow patterns are in agreement with the borehole locations and their dominant geologies. The estimated hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, and storage coefficient ranged between 5.1 × 10−4–7.7 × 10−2 m/d, 4.0 × 10−2–3.2 m2/d, and 10−7–10−5, respectively. The cheap integrated hydrogeophysical methods used in this study are applicable for characterising, protecting, and managing other crystalline aquifers in the West African sub-region and other tropical terrains. HIGHLIGHTS Hydrogeophysical characterisation of preferential flow pathways and hydraulic properties for a crystalline aquifer.; Estimated hydraulic parameters fall within the values derived for well-to-well characterisations in similar hydrogeological terrain.; First-time use of borehole dilution testing (BDT) in Ghana and West Africa.; Recommended for use in similar aquifer terrains due to its cheapness and analytical simplicity.;
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- 2023
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207. Factors influencing and changes in childhood vaccination coverage over time in Bangladesh: a multilevel mixed-effects analysis
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Satyajit Kundu, Subarna Kundu, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Joshua Okyere, Susmita Ghosh, Ahmed Hossain, Najim Z. Alshahrani, Md. Hasan Al Banna, Md. Ashfikur Rahman, and Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
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Childhood vaccination ,Immunization ,Prevalence ,Demographic and Health Survey ,Bangladesh ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction This study aimed to investigate the associated factors and changes in childhood vaccination coverage over time in Bangladesh. Methods Bangladesh’s Demographic and Health Surveys from 2011, 2014, and 2017-18 provided data for this study on vaccination coverage among children aged 12 to 35 months. For three survey periods, multilevel binary logistic regression models were employed. Results The overall prevalence (weighted) of full vaccination among children aged 12–35 months were 86.17% in 2011, 85.13% in 2014, and 89.23% in 2017-18. Children from families with high wealth index, mothers with higher education, and over the age of 24 and who sought at least four ANC visits, as well as children from urban areas were more likely to receive full vaccination. Rangpur division had the highest change rate of vaccination coverage from 2011 to 2014 (2.26%), whereas Sylhet division had the highest change rate from 2014 to 2017-18 (34.34%). Conclusion To improve immunization coverage for Bangladeshi children, policymakers must integrate vaccine programs, paying special attention to mothers without at least a high school education and families with low wealth index. Increased antenatal care visits may also aid in increasing the immunization coverage of their children.
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- 2023
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208. Systematic literature review of the techniques for household electrical appliance anomaly detections and knowledge extractions
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Seidu Agbor Abdul Rauf and Adebayo F. Adekoya
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Machine learning ,Household appliance consumptions ,Appliance anomalies ,Appliance usage ,Knowledge extractions ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 ,Information technology ,T58.5-58.64 - Abstract
Abstract The demand for electricity at home has increased in recent times globally, this high demand for continuous, stable and affordable power can be attributed to the demand for comfortable lifestyle of consumers but the quality and efficiency of the appliances being used remain questionable. Malfunctioning appliances usually show a power signature statistically different from their normal behavior, which can lead to higher energy consumption or more serious damages. As a result, numerous studies in recent times have been conducted on the household electrical appliance anomaly behaviors to find the root-cause of these anomalies using machine learning techniques and algorithms. This study attempted to undertake a systematic and critical review of ninety-two (92) research works reported in academic journals over fifteen (15) years (2006–2021) in the area of household electrical appliance anomaly detections and knowledge extraction using machine learning. The various techniques used in these reports were clustered based on machine learning-based techniques, statistical techniques and physical based approach techniques and the parameters adopted, such as machine learning algorithms, feature extraction approaches, anomaly detection levels, computing platforms and application scenarios. This clustering was done based on the following criteria: the nature of a dataset and the number of data sources used, the data timeframe, the machine learning algorithms used, machine learning task, used accuracy and error metrics and software packages used for modeling. For the number of data source used, the results revealed that 81.2% of documents reviewed used single sources and Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) was the highest implemented regression model (60.9%), the probability model that was mostly implemented was the Bayesian network. Furthermore, the study revealed that, root-mean-square error (RMSE) accounted 35% was the most used error metric among household appliance abnormal behaviors, followed by mean absolute percentage error MAPE which accounted 32%. The study further revealed that 46% of appliance abnormal detections was based on weather parameters, and historical energy consumption. Finally, we recap the challenges and limitations for further research in electrical appliance anomaly detections locally and globally.
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- 2023
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209. Semi-supervised anomaly detection methods for leakage identification in water distribution networks: A comparative study
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Hoese Michel Tornyeviadzi, Hadi Mohammed, and Razak Seidu
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Anomaly detection ,Leakage detection ,Semi-supervised learning ,Water distribution networks ,Cybernetics ,Q300-390 ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of 10 state of the art semi-supervised anomaly detection (AD) methods for leakage identification in water distribution networks (WDNs). The performances of the semi-supervised AD methods is evaluated on LeakDB, a benchmark consisting of independent leakage scenarios that also account for the various sources of uncertainties arising in WDNs. Three performance metrics (Fβ Measure, PR AUC Score, and Identification Lag Time) that collectively capture the different facets of leakage identification in WDNs is utilised to measure the efficacy of semi-supervised AD methods. Additionally, the TOPSIS MCDM tool supported with two weighting approaches is implemented to simultaneously consider all performance metrics in ranking the performance of semi-supervised AD methods. The results of this extensive comparative study shows that Local Outlier factor (LOF) is the overall best performing semi-supervised AD method on LeakDB. It is also evident that proximity based semi-supervised AD methods are superior to linear and probabilistic AD methods due to their ability to unearth leak events in the neighbourhood of normal operational data points. Finally, the impact of uncertainties on the performance of the semi-supervised AD models is discussed in addition to general recommendations on the usage of semi-supervised AD methods in leakage identification.
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- 2023
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210. Yesterday, today, and tomorrow’s fish consumption: Analysis of present and prospective fish consumption in Ghana by 2030
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Berchie Asiedu, Seidu Iddrisu, and Pierre Failler
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Food security ,fish ,population ,small pelagic ,fisheries management ,Agriculture ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
AbstractThe wellbeing of millions of Ghanaians hinges on food security. As the country strives to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Agenda 2030, fish consumption must be sustained. Predicting the future trends of fish consumption and supply is of significant importance to policy-makers and fisheries managers to better anticipate future demands, plan actions to effectively meet them and sustainably manage the fisheries. The present study seeks to quantify the future and historical fish consumption (consumption per capita and apparent consumption), production (captures, aquaculture, and commodities) and fish trade (imports) estimate and projections from 2017 to 2030. We obtained data from the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development, Fisheries Scientific Survey Division, Ghana Statistical Services, United Nations International Trade Statistics Database, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, World Bank, FishStatJ, Food and Agriculture Organization online query panels, and other online publications. Our analyses showed that fish consumption will continue to fluctuate with an expected highest peak of 905,400 tonnes by 2028 and drop to 889,096 by 2030. Overall consumption is expected to average 839,272 tonnes from 2019 to 2030, growing at an annual rate of 0.61% from 2017 to 2030. Per capita fish consumption is expected to decrease slightly, reaching 23.93 kg by 2030. Growth in capture fisheries will be very slow at 0.06%, while aquaculture is expected to grow at 6.58%. In terms of fish supply, capture fisheries, aquaculture, and imports are expected to contribute 45%, 9%, and 46%, respectively. Pelagic fish import is expected to be 392,450 tonnes, making up 96.4% of all fish imports by 2030. The need for Ghana to be self-sufficient in fish production and reduce imports by sustainably managing the small pelagic fishery should be paramount. To achieve sustainable fish production, supply, and consumption, the study suggests that there is a need to urgently accelerate aquaculture development, reduce unstainable harvest levels, and ensure general improvement in the fisheries management practices.
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- 2023
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211. The dark and bright side of network complexity: Novel insights from an asymmetric supply chain recovery and disruption approach
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Emmanuel Asafo-Adjei, Zulaiha Hamidu, Kassimu Issau, Baba Adibura Seidu, and Anokye M. Adam
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Supply complexity, customer complexity ,logistics complexity ,supply chain resilience ,supply chain disruption ,asymmetric approach ,Business ,HF5001-6182 ,Management. Industrial management ,HD28-70 - Abstract
AbstractRecent studies have conceptualized the potential for a dark and bright perspective of network complexity in relation to supply chain disruption and resilience respectively. Few empirical studies have been conducted on the relationship among supply chain network complexity, supply chain disruption and supply chain resilience. However, prior studies have not yet investigated how different measures of network complexity relate to both resilience strategies and disruption. The current study, therefore, examines the dark and bright side of supply chain network complexity dimensions using supply chain disruption (SCD) and three supply chain resilience (SCR) strategies (collaboration, flexibility and redundancy) as endogenous variables. The dimensions of the supply chain network complexity utilised in this study are—supply complexity (SNC), customer complexity (CNC), and logistics complexity (LNC) whereas the three SCR strategies considered included; collaboration, flexibility and redundancy. The study uses PLS-SEM and a sample of 690 manufacturing firms in Accra Metropolis. Results show that supply complexity has a positive relationship with both disruption and resilience strategies, while customer complexity is only related to disruption, and logistics complexity is related to all resilience strategies. The study provides theoretical, practical, and political implications.
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- 2023
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212. Seedling stage drought screening of candidate cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.) genotypes
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Theophilus Kwabla Tengey, Raphael Adu Gyamfi, Edward Kofi Sallah, Memunatu Issahaku, Dominic Ngagmayan Ndela, Mariam Seidu, Abbas Francis Senyabor, Emmanuel Israel Affram, Ophelia Asirifi Amoako, and Charles Naapoal
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Cowpea ,unifoliate leaves ,trifoliate leaves ,water stressed ,chlorophyll ,chlorophyll inflectance index ,Agriculture ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
AbstractProlonged drought of cowpea at the seedling stage can affect survival and productivity. This study sought to evaluate cowpea genotypes for their resistance to seedling-stage drought stress. Fifteen cowpea genotypes were used in this study. The experiment was a factorial experiment arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Drought stress was imposed for 4 weeks after the full expansion of the first trifoliate leaf. Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter readings of unifoliate, first, and second trifoliate leaves of each genotype were measured on a weekly basis due to the predictive ability of chlorophyll content on drought tolerance. The data were subjected to ANOVA, and the means were separated at a 5% probability level. Genotypes were ranked according to their tolerance level based on their chlorophyll inflectance index (CII). The results revealed significant genotype by stress interaction effects. Seedling stage screening under water-stressed conditions in combination with measurements of leaf chlorophyll measurements proved to be an effective way for rapid screening of genotypes for drought tolerance. IT14K-1424-12, IT10K-837-1 and IT10K-303-1 had consistently high chlorophyll content under drought stress for unifoliate and trifoliate leaves. These genotypes also fell into one cluster. Based on CII with a threshold of 51% for the fourth week of drought stress of unifoliate and trifoliate leaves, three genotypes (IT14K-1424-12, IT10K-837-1 and IT10K-303-1) were found to have Type I drought-tolerant mechanism. These genotypes could be used in future breeding interventions or released as varieties.
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- 2023
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213. IFRS adoption and tax revenue performance in Africa: does Africa need tax-targeted IFRS reforms?
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Yaw Ndori Queku, Baba Adibura Seidu, Thompson Aneyire Kubaje, Kwakye Boateng, Emmanuel Antwi-Agyei, Theophilus Apeku, and Kenneth Yamoah
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IFRS adoption ,Tax revenue performance ,African Countries ,pooled mean group ,panel dynamic ordinary least square ,Macroeconomic Variables (Inflation, Interest rate, Exchange rate) ,Business ,HF5001-6182 ,Management. Industrial management ,HD28-70 - Abstract
AbstractThis paper examines the sensitivity of tax revenue performance to IFRS adoption in Africa and the implication for tax policy. The study investigated how IFRS adoption affects the level of tax revenue performance in Africa. This study is one of the foundational studies, which has investigated IFRS adoption and tax revenue performance at both macro and cross-country levels. This approach presents better inclusive evidence to support tax reforms and provides the basis to validate tax regulatory apprehensions and suspicions of the adverse impact of IFRS adoption. The paper uses data from six African countries: Botswana, Ghana, Namibia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and South Africa for the analyses. The data are sourced from World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Annualised data from 1996 to 2020 are used. The paper employs Pooled Mean Group (PMG) as the primary estimator and is validated by Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS). The results showed that IFRS adoption could pose a significant risk to tax revenue mobilisation in Africa as evident by the significant negative long-run estimates. The results further revealed short-run positive IFRS effects. This is affirmed by the country-level analyses and trajectory of tax revenue performance across the sample periods of 1996 to 2020 for the selected countries during the pre- and post-IFRS era. It is therefore safe for African countries to pursue tax-targeted IFRS reforms to minimise the possible adverse effect of IFRS on tax revenue.
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- 2023
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214. The adoption of IFRS for SMEs in the northern sector of Ghana: A case of structural equation modeling
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Peter Sappor, Francis Atta Sarpong, and Rezikatu Ahmed Seidu Seini
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IFRS adoption ,coercive isomorphism ,normative isomorphism ,environment factors ,structural modeling ,Business ,HF5001-6182 ,Management. Industrial management ,HD28-70 - Abstract
AbstractThe current study investigated the adoption of IFRS for SMEs among 800 SMEs in the northern sector of Ghana. The study specifically determined the awareness level and extent of adoption of the standard. It also assessed how coercive, memetic, normative and environmental factors influenced the adoption of standards among the SMEs. It utilized an explanatory research design that adopted a quantitative approach to analyzing data and making inferences. Adapting a close-ended questionnaire, the PLS-SEM was used in analyzing the data. The study revealed that the majority of SMEs were aware of IFRS for SMEs in financial reporting to a high extent. The study further found that most SMEs did not fully comply to the IFRS for SMEs in preparing and presenting financial statements. Again, Coercive isomorphism and Environmental factors positively influenced the adoption of IFRS for SMEs among SMEs in the northern sector of Ghana. In contrast, mimetic and normative isomorphism played no significant role in the adoption process. The study further found that level of compliance positively moderates the effect of the level of Awareness on IFRS for SME adoption. Challenges associated with IFRS for SMEs (COF) positively influenced its adoption.
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- 2023
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215. Few-femtosecond electronic and structural rearrangements of CH 4 + driven by the Jahn–Teller effect
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Kristina S. Zinchenko, Fernando Ardana-Lamas, Valentina Utrio Lanfaloni, Nicholas Monahan, Issaka Seidu, Michael S. Schuurman, Simon P. Neville, and Hans Jakob Wörner
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Crystallography ,QD901-999 - Abstract
The Jahn–Teller effect (JTE) is central to the understanding of the physical and chemical properties of a broad variety of molecules and materials. Whereas the manifestations of the JTE in stationary properties of matter are relatively well studied, the study of JTE-induced dynamics is still in its infancy, largely owing to its ultrafast and non-adiabatic nature. For example, the time scales reported for the distortion of CH 4 + from the initial T d geometry to a nominal C 2 v relaxed structure range from 1.85 fs over 10 ± 2 fs to 20 ± 7 fs. Here, by combining element-specific attosecond transient-absorption spectroscopy and quantum-dynamics simulations, we show that the initial electronic relaxation occurs within 5 fs and that the subsequent nuclear dynamics are dominated by the Q2 scissoring and Q1 symmetric stretching modes, which dephase in 41 ± 10 fs and 13 ± 3 fs, respectively. Significant structural relaxation is found to take place only along the e-symmetry Q2 mode. These results demonstrate that CH 4 + created by ionization of CH 4 is best thought of as a highly fluxional species that possesses a long-time-averaged vibrational distribution centered around a D 2 d structure. The methods demonstrated in our work provide guidelines for the understanding of Jahn–Teller driven non-adiabatic dynamics in other more complex systems.
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- 2023
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216. State of art review of Ghana Power System from the perspective of smart grid implementation
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Fuseini Seidu Ibrahim, Emmanuel Tanyi, Eriisa Yiga Paddy, and Baseem Khan
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Power system ,Renewable energy ,Access to electricity ,System reliability ,Aging infrastructure ,Financial viability ,Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade ,HD9502-9502.5 - Abstract
The state of the Ghana Power System reflects a story of progress, challenges, and future potential. Ghana has experienced significant milestones and achievements in its power system, including the development of major infrastructure projects such as the Akosombo Dam and initiatives to expand access to electricity. The country has also made strides in diversifying its energy mix by embracing renewable energy sources. However, challenges exist, including the need to address system reliability, aging infrastructure, financial viability, and rural electrification. The integration of emerging technologies, such as smart grid solutions, energy storage systems, and regional power interconnections, offers opportunities for a sustainable and reliable power system. Recommendations for Ghana's power sector focus on diversification, grid flexibility, infrastructure upgrades, energy efficiency, institutional strengthening, and regional cooperation. Implementing these recommendations holds the promise of building a resilient, affordable, and environmentally sustainable power system for Ghana's future.
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- 2023
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217. Why 'formal' climate adaptation strategies fail in sub‐Saharan Africa: Ignoring adapters’ agency in the case of smallholding agriculture farming practices in Bono East Region of Ghana
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Philip Tetteh Quarshie, Abdul‐Rahim Abdulai, Seidu Abdulai, Philip Antwi‐Agyei, and Evan D.G. Fraser
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agency ,climate adaptation ,climate‐smart agriculture ,climate‐wise food systems ,smallholder farmers ,sub‐Saharan Africa ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 - Abstract
Abstract This paper reviewed a body of literature on climate adaptation options in sub‐Saharan Africa's (SSA) smallholding agriculture and complemented it with a case study involving experts interviews, focus group discussions, large‐scale household surveys, and farmer practices observation while drawing insight from the concept of “everyday adaptation and interrupted agency” and agency theory to assess farmer perceived limitations with climate‐smart agriculture (CSA) and climate‐wise food systems (CWFS) practices for climate adaptation in the SSA. The study noted that the narrow focus on CSA and/or CWFS as a silver bullet for climate change adaptation suitable for smallholding agriculture ignores food producers’ agency to undermine sustainable and inclusive adaptation solutions. Moreover, smallholder farmers’ everyday climate adaptation practices could be grouped into three categories; on‐farm adaptation, off‐farm adaptation, and Indigenous agroecological adaptation options. The on‐farm adaptation options are usually agriculture intensification and extensification. The off‐farm adaptation options include livelihood diversification activities, petty trading, seasonal labor jobs, and migration. The Indigenous agroecological adaptation strategy uses observing nature and weather elements to predict the onset of the rainy season. The study noted that smallholders’ adaptation options, which is an expression of their agency, are motivated by smallholders’ desire to be resilient to changing climate, increase productivity and income, and social network influence but not necessarily because the strategy is being promoted by the government or Non‐Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Therefore, we propose a sustainable food agency (SFA)—a multifaceted blended constellation of climate adaptation and mitigation strategies, as the best approach to addressing the climate crises in the SSA. The SFA allows individuals or groups to decide what climate change adaptation options best work for them to adapt to changing climate and produce and distribute their food without undermining the economic, social, and environmental bases that generate food security and nutrition for present and future generations.
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- 2023
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218. Living with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia alongside cataract, peptic ulcer disease, diabetes and hypertension in Ghana
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Naa Adzoa Adzeley Boi‐Dsane, Anwar Sadat Seidu, Judith Simon, and Gilbert Batieka Bonsaana
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chronic ,diabetes ,external ,hypertension ,ophthalmoplegia ,progressive ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Key Clinical Message This is the case of a 51‐year‐old woman with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) alongside some comorbidities in a low‐resource setting. This report seeks to sensitise clinicians about this rare condition in order to increase their index of suspicion and avoid misdiagnosis.
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- 2023
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219. A non-standard numerical scheme for an alcohol-abuse model with induced-complications
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Eric Abaa Baba Sandow, Baba Seidu, and Stephen Abagna
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Substance-abuse ,Non-standard finite difference ,Bifurcation analysis ,Stability analysis ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The prevalence of alcohol-related fatalities worldwide is on the ascendancy not only Ghana, but worldwide. Although the ramifications of alcohol consumption have been the subject of several studies, alcoholism remains a serious concern in public health. This study investigates the dynamics of alcoholism in a population with consumption-induced complications using a deterministic Modelling framework. Using a novel technique, we determined a threshold parameter R0 which we call the basic alcohol-abuse initiation number which is similar to the basic reproduction number for infectious diseases. The model has two mutually-exclusive fixed points whose existence depend on whether or not the R0 is less or greater than unity. Global asymptotic stability of the alcohol-abuse-free fixed point is shown to be associated with R0≤1. Further, forward bifurcation is observed to occur at R0=1, indicating the possibility of eradication of the phenomenon of alcoholism if R0 can be kept below unity over a sufficiently long period of time. Sensitivity analysis also revealed that the probability of initiation into alcohol-abuse by moderate drinkers (β1), followed by the probability of initiation into alcohol-abuse by heavy drinkers (β2) are the most the parameters with the most influence on R0 and consequently on alcohol-abuse persistence. A non-standard finite difference scheme is also developed to numerically simulate the model so as to demonstrate the findings derived from the analysis and also to observe the impact of some epidemiological factors on the dynamics of alcohol-abuse.
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- 2023
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220. Optimal control dynamics of Gonorrhea in a structured population
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Joshua Kiddy K. Asamoah, Beilawu Safianu, Emmanuel Afrifa, Benjamin Obeng, Baba Seidu, Fredrick Asenso Wireko, and Gui-Quan Sun
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Optimal control analysis ,Gonorrhea dynamics ,Gonorrhea reproduction number ,Structured population ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Gonorrhea is a serious global health problem due to its high incidence, with approximately 82.4 million new cases in 2020. To evaluate the consequences of targeted dynamic control of gonorrhea infection transmission, a model for gonorrhea with optimal control analysis is proposed for a structured population. The study looked at the model's positively invariant and bounded regions. The gonorrhea secondary infection expression, R0 for the structured population is computed. The maximum principle of Pontryagin is utilised to construct the optimal system for the formulated mathematical model. To reduce the continuous propagation of gonorrhea, we incorporated education, condoms usage, vaccinations, and treatment as control strategies. The numerical simulations show that the number of infections decreases when the controls are implemented. The effectiveness of the controls is shown using the efficacy plots.
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- 2023
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221. An innovative inertial extra-proximal gradient algorithm for solving convex optimization problems with application to image and signal processing
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Joshua Olilima, Adesanmi Mogbademu, M. Asif Memon, Adebowale Martins Obalalu, Hudson Akewe, and Jamel Seidu
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Forward-backward algorithm ,Signal & image processing ,Convex minimization problem ,Weak convergence ,Inertial method ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This study introduces an innovative approach to address convex optimization problems, with a specific focus on applications in image and signal processing. The research aims to develop a self-adaptive extra proximal algorithm that incorporates an inertial term to effectively tackle challenges in convex optimization. The study's significance lies in its contribution to advancing optimization techniques in the realm of image deblurring and signal reconstruction. The proposed methodology involves creating a novel self-adaptive extra proximal algorithm, analyzing its convergence rigorously to ensure reliability and effectiveness. Numerical examples, including image deblurring and signal reconstruction tasks using only 10% of the original signal, illustrate the practical applicability and advantages of the algorithm. By introducing an inertial term within the extra proximal framework, the algorithm demonstrates potential for faster convergence and improved optimization outcomes, addressing real-world challenges of image enhancement and signal reconstruction. The algorithm's incorporation of an inertial term showcases its potential for faster convergence and improved optimization outcomes. This research significantly contributes to the field of optimization techniques, particularly in the context of image and signal processing applications.
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- 2023
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222. Optimal strategies for control of cholera in the presence of hyper-infective individuals
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Baba Seidu, Eric N. Wiah, and Joshua Kiddy K. Asamoah
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Cholera model ,Stability ,Sensitivity analysis ,Optimal control theory ,Basic reproduction number ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Cholera is a potentially life-threatening bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, with the primary site of infection being the small intestine. The disease typically spreads through contaminated water and food and becomes more pronounced in areas with poor sanitation and inadequate access to clean drinking water. Cholera infection can lead to severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and death if left untreated. Individuals with low personal hygiene have higher chances of spreading and/or contracting the disease. This study aims to propound a non-linear deterministic model to study the dynamics of cholera in the presence of two groups of individuals based on their level of personal hygiene. We categorize these individuals into low-risk and high-risk to describe individuals with good personal hygiene and those with very low personal hygiene, respectively. The model is shown to have two mutually exclusive fixed points, namely, the cholera-free and the cholera-persistent equilibria, indicating the presence of forward bifurcation. It is shown that restriction of the basic reproduction number below unity guarantees local asymptotic stability of the cholera-free fixed point. The immigration rate, rate of disinfection, bacteria ingestion rate, and bacterial shedding rate are parameters with a higher impact on cholera spread. Optimal control analysis is also used to determine the most cost-effective combination of infection control, adherence to sanitation protocols, treatment control, and bacterial-shedding controls needed to control the spread of cholera.
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- 2023
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223. Propagative Block Diagonalisation Diabatisation of DFT/MRCI Electronic States
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Neville, Simon P., Seidu, Issaka, and Schuurman, Michael S.
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Physics - Chemical Physics - Abstract
We present a framework for the calculation of diabatic states using the combined density functional theory and multireference configuration interaction (DFT/MRCI) method. Due to restrictions present in the current formulation of the DFT/MRCI method (a lack of analytical derivative couplings and the inability to use non-canonical Kohn-Sham orbitals), most common diabatisation strategies are not applicable. We demonstrate, however, that diabatic wavefunctions and potentials can be calculated at the DFT/MRCI level of theory using a propagative variant of the block diagonalisation diabatisation method (P-BDD). The proposed procedure is validated {\it via} the calculation of diabatic potentials for LiH and the simulation of the vibronic spectrum of pyrazine. In both cases, the combination of the DFT/MRCI and P-BDD methods is found to correctly recover the non-adiabatic coupling effects of the problem.
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- 2019
224. Semi-supervised anomaly detection methods for leakage identification in water distribution networks: A comparative study
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Tornyeviadzi, Hoese Michel, Mohammed, Hadi, and Seidu, Razak
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- 2023
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225. Empagliflozin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial
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Abani, O, Abbas, A, Abbas, F, Abbas, J, Abbas, K, Abbas, M, Abbasi, S, Abbass, H, Abbott, A, Abdallah, N, Abdelaziz, A, Abdelfattah, M, Abdelqader, B, Abdul, A, Abdul, B, Abdul, S, Abdul Rasheed, A, Abdulakeem, A, Abdul-Kadir, R, Abdullah, A, Abdulmumeen, A, Abdul-Raheem, R, Abdulshukkoor, N, Abdusamad, K, Abed El Khaleq, Y, Abedalla, M, Abeer Ul Amna, A, Abel, L, Abernethy, K, Abeywickrema, M, Abhinaya, C, Abidin, A, Aboaba, A, Aboagye-Odei, A, Aboah, C, Aboelela, H, Abo-Leyah, H, Abouelela, K, Abou-Haggar, A, Abouibrahim, M, Abousamra, A, Abouzaid, M, Abraham, M, Abraham, T, Abraheem, A, Abrams, J, Abrams, R, Abu, HJ, Abu-Arafeh, A, Abubacker, SM, Abung, A, Abusamra, Y, Aceampong, Y, Achara, A, Acharya, D, Acheampong, F, Acheampong, P, Acheampong, S, Acheson, J, Achieng, S, Acosta, A, Acquah, R, Acton, C, Adabie-Ankrah, J, Adair, P, Adam, AS, Adam, F, Adam, M, Adamali, H, Adamczyk, M, Adams, C, Adams, D, Adams, K, Adams, L, Adams, N, Adams, R, Adams, T, Adamu-Ikeme, L, Adatia, K, 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Western, L, Westhead, R, Weston, H, Westwood, A, Westwood, K, Westwood, S, Wetherill, B, Wheaver, S, Wheeler, H, Whelan, B, Whelband, M, Whileman, A, Whitcher, A, White, A, White, B, White, C, White, D, White, J, White, K, White, M, White, N, White, S, White, T, Whitehead, C, Whitehorn, K, Whitehouse, A, Whitehouse, C, Whitehouse, T, Whiteley, J, Whiteley, L, Whiteley, S, Whitham, R, Whitlingum, G, Whitmore, D, Whittaker, E, Whittam, L, Whittington, A, Whittle, H, Whittle, R, Wiafe, E, Wiblin, L, Wickens, O, Widdrington, J, Wieboldt, J, Wieringa, H, Wiesender, C, Wiffen, L, Wight, A, Wignall, A, Wignall, C, Wilce, A, Wilcock, D, Wilcock, E, Wilcox, L, Wild, B, Wild, L, Wild, S, Wilde, M, Wilding, L, Wilding, P, Wildsmith, T, Wileman, J, Wiles, J, Wiles, K, Wilhelmsen, E, Wiliams, T, Wilkie, J, Wilkin, D, Wilkins, H, Wilkins, J, Wilkins, S, Wilkinson, I, Wilkinson, L, Wilkinson, N, Wilkinson, S, Wilkinson, T, Willetts, S, Williams, A, Williams, C, Williams, CV, Williams, D, Williams, E, Williams, G, Williams, H, Williams, J, Williams, K, Williams, M, Williams, P, Williams, R, Williams, S, Williams, T, Williamson, A, Williamson, C, Williamson, D, Williamson, J, Williamson, JD, Williamson, R, Williamson, H, Willis, E, Willis, H, Willis, J, Wills, L, Willsher, L, Willshire, C, Willson, F, Willson, J, Wilson, A, Wilson, B, Wilson, D, Wilson, I, Wilson, J, Wilson, K, Wilson, K-A, Wilson, L, Wilson, M, Wilson, S, Wilson, T, Win, KLY, Win, M, Win, T, Win, TT, Win, WYW, Winckworth, L, Winder, L, Winder, P, Winearl, S, Winmill, H, Winn, S, Winpenny, C, Winslow, H, Winter, H, Winter, J, Winter-Goodwin, B, Winterton, J, Winwood, H, Wischhusen, J, Wisdom, S, Wise, M, Wiselka, M, Wiseman, R, Wiseman, S, Wishart, S, WIshlade, T, Witele, E, Withers, N, Wittes, J, Wixted, D, Wodehouse, T, Wolf, W, Wolff, N, Wolffsohn, K, Wolf-Roberts, R, Wolodimeroff, E, Wolstencroft, A, Wong, A, Wong, C, Wong, C-H, Wong, C-M, Wong, E, Wong, JSY, Wong, KY, Wong, MY, Wong, N, Wong, S, Wong, T, Wongkyezeng, AA, Wood, A, Wood, C, Wood, D, Wood, F, Wood, G, Wood, H, Wood, J, Wood, L, Wood, M, Wood, S, Wood, T, Woodall, K, Woodfield, R, Woodford, C, Woodford, E, Woodford, J, Woodhead, L, Woodhead, T, Woodland, P, Woodman, M, Woodmansey, S, Woods, C, Woods, J, Woods, K, Woods, S, Woodward, Z, Woolcock, M, Wooldridge, G, Woolf, R, Woollard, C, Woollen, L, Woolley, E, Woolley, J, Woosey, D, Wootton, D, Wootton, J, Worley, D, Worton, S, Wraight, J, Wray, M, Wren, K, Wren, L, Wrey Brown, C, Wright, C, Wright, D, Wright, F, Wright, H, Wright, I, Wright, L, Wright, R, Wright, S, Wright, T, Wroe, C, Wroe, H, Wu, H, Wu, P, Wubetu, J, Wulandari, F, Wulandari, R, Wurie, S, Wyatt, C, Wyn-Griffiths, F, Wynter, I, Xavier, B, Xhikola, A, Xia, BE, Xia, Z, Yacoba, E, Yadav, S, Yakubi, M, Yan, M, Yanagisawa, Y, Yang, F, Yang, Y, Yanney, M, Yap, WL, Yaqoob, N, Yasmin, S, Yates, B, Yates, D, Yates, E, Yates, H, Yates, T, Yates, M, Ye, J, Yearwood Martin, C, Yein, K, Yelnoorkar, F, Yen, LM, Yeoh, A, Yeung, CY, Yew, P, Yewatkar, D, Ylquimiche Melly, L, Ynter, I, Yong, H, Yorke, J, Youens, J, Younes Ibrahim, A, Young, E, Young, G, Young, L, Yousafzar, A, Youssouf, S, Yousuf, A, Yovita, H, Yu, C, Yuan, JSJ, Yufaniaputri, N, Yung, B, Yusef, D, Yusef, S, Yusuf, I, Zafar, A-S, Zagalo, S, Zaher, S, Zahoor, A, Zainab, M, Zak, T, Zaki, K, Zakir, N, Zalewska, K, Zamalloa, A, Zaman, M, Zaman, S, Zamikula, J, Zammit, L, Zammit-Mangion, M, Zawadzka, M, Zayed, M, Zebracki, E, Zehnder, D, Zeidan, L, Zeinali, D, Zhang, J, Zhao, X, Zheng, D, Zhu, D, Zia, M, Zibdeh, O, Zill-E-Huma, R, Zin, ET, Zincone, E, Zindoga, G, Zinkin, E, Zinyemba, V, Zipitis, C, Zitter, L, Zmierczak, A, Zubikarai, G, Zubir, A, Zuhra, N, Zulaikha, R, Zulfikar, S, Zullo, C, and Zuriaga-Alvaro, A
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226. Time in uncontrolled hyperglycemia before insulin initiation in people living with type 2 diabetes: A systematic literature review
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Harris, Stewart and Seidu, Samuel
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227. Associations of blood pressure with cardiovascular and mortality outcomes in over 2 million older persons with or without diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 45 cohort studies
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Seidu, Samuel, Hambling, Clare E., Kunutsor, Setor K., and Topsever, Pinar
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228. Oxidative cleavage of alkene: A new strategy to construct a mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe for hydrogen peroxide imaging in vitro and in vivo
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Fang, Jie, Li, Xiang, Gao, Chao, Tao, Jing, Li, Wei, Seidu, Mohammed Awal, and Zhou, Hongjun
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229. State of art review of Ghana Power System from the perspective of smart grid implementation
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Ibrahim, Fuseini Seidu, Tanyi, Emmanuel, Paddy, Eriisa Yiga, and Khan, Baseem
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230. A non-standard numerical scheme for an alcohol-abuse model with induced-complications
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Sandow, Eric Abaa Baba, Seidu, Baba, and Abagna, Stephen
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231. Robust night flow analysis in water distribution networks: A BiLSTM deep autoencoder approach
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Tornyeviadzi, Hoese Michel, Mohammed, Hadi, and Seidu, Razak
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232. Optimal strategies for control of cholera in the presence of hyper-infective individuals
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Seidu, Baba, Wiah, Eric N., and Asamoah, Joshua Kiddy K.
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233. Socioeconomic determinants of household stove use and stove stacking patterns in Ghana
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Owusu-Amankwah, Georgette, Abubakari, Sulemana W., Apraku, Edward Anane, Iddrisu, Seidu, Kar, Abhishek, Malagutti, Flavio, Daouda, Misbath, Tawiah, Theresa, Awuni, Sule, Nuhu, Abdul Razak, Peprah, Peter Takyi, Jack, B. Kelsey, Asante, Kwaku P., and Jack, Darby
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234. Optimal control dynamics of Gonorrhea in a structured population
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Asamoah, Joshua Kiddy K., Safianu, Beilawu, Afrifa, Emmanuel, Obeng, Benjamin, Seidu, Baba, Wireko, Fredrick Asenso, and Sun, Gui-Quan
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235. An innovative inertial extra-proximal gradient algorithm for solving convex optimization problems with application to image and signal processing
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Olilima, Joshua, Mogbademu, Adesanmi, Memon, M. Asif, Obalalu, Adebowale Martins, Akewe, Hudson, and Seidu, Jamel
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236. “Every fish in the sea is meat and so are guitarfishes”: Socio-economic drivers of a guitarfish fishery in Ghana
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Seidu, Issah, Cabada-Blanco, Francoise, Brobbey, Lawrence K., Asiedu, Berchie, Barnes, Paul, Seidu, Moro, and Dulvy, Nicholas K.
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237. A Qualitative Cross-Institutional Program Evaluation on Black Male Initiative Programs at Community Colleges: A Program Evaluation
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Hamza Seidu Wedam
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Black male community college students are underperforming at all levels within higher education compared to their counterparts from all major racial groups in the nation. Reasons for the declining academic performance of Black male community college students include institutional racism, lack of role models, and student isolation. Black male initiatives (BMIs) were identified in this research as a uniquely qualified intervention to address the declining academic performance of Black male community college students. I conducted interviews with seven BMI directors at community colleges from five different states to learn about the challenges and opportunities related to implementing a BMI. The key challenges identified were staffing, funding, and institutional support. BMI directors reported writing grants and collaborating with faculty and staff to address these challenges. BMI directors reported providing a variety of services, including academic advising, mentoring, coaching, tutoring support, and financial assistance. Recommendations for those interested in starting a BMI included starting with a strategic plan, securing funding, and hiring staff who are committed to the mission of the BMI and have the technical skills. Resources such as BMI director job duties and academic planning tools are provided. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
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238. Association between women’s household decision-making autonomy and health insurance enrollment in sub-saharan Africa
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Betregiorgis Zegeye, Dina Idriss-Wheeler, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Nicholas Kofi Adjei, and Sanni Yaya
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Women’s decision-making autonomy ,Health insurance ,Universal health coverage ,DHS ,Sub-saharan Africa ,Global health ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Out of pocket payment for healthcare remains a barrier to accessing health care services in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Women’s decision-making autonomy may be a strategy for healthcare access and utilization in the region. There is a dearth of evidence on the link between women’s decision-making autonomy and health insurance enrollment. We, therefore, investigated the association between married women’s household decision making autonomy and health insurance enrollment in SSA. Methods Demographic and Health Survey data of 29 countries in SSA conducted between 2010 and 2020 were analyzed. Both bivariate and multilevel logistic regression analyses were carried out to investigate the relationship between women’s household decision-making autonomy and health insurance enrollment among married women. The results were presented as an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The overall coverage of health insurance among married women was 21.3% (95% CI; 19.9-22.7%), with the highest and lowest coverage in Ghana (66.7%) and Burkina Faso (0.5%), respectively. The odds of health insurance enrollment was higher among women who had household decision-making autonomy (AOR = 1.33, 95% CI; 1.03–1.72) compared to women who had no household decision-making autonomy. Other covariates such as women’s age, women’s educational level, husband’s educational level, wealth status, employment status, media exposure, and community socioeconomic status were found to be significantly associated with health insurance enrollment among married women. Conclusion Health insurance coverage is commonly low among married women in SSA. Women’s household decision-making autonomy was found to be significantly associated with health insurance enrollment. Health-related policies to improve health insurance coverage should emphasize socioeconomic empowerment of married women in SSA.
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239. Exposure to interparental violence and justification of intimate partner violence among women in Papua New Guinea
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Richard Gyan Aboagye, Bernard Yeboah-Asiamah Asare, Collins Adu, Abdul Cadri, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, and Sanni Yaya
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Interparental violence ,Intimate partner violence ,Papua New Guinea ,Global Health ,Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Previous studies have demonstrated that exposure to interparental violence is associated with intimate partner violence justification in a variety of contexts. In this study, we examined the association between exposure to interparental violence and justification of intimate partner violence among women in Papua New Guinea. Methods We used data from the 2016–18 Papua New Guinea Demographic and Health Survey. We included 2839 women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in a sexual union (married and cohabiting) in the study. We used a multivariable binary multilevel regression analysis to examine the association between interparental violence and justification of intimate partner violence. We presented the results of the regression analysis using crude odds ratio (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs), with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Women exposed to interparental violence were 1.26 (95%CI = 1.05, 1.53) times more likely to justify intimate partner violence than those who were not exposed. Women who resided in the Highlands (aOR = 2.50, 95%CI = 1.78, 3.51), Momase (aOR = 1.96, 95%CI = 1.40, 2.75), and Islands (aOR = 1.42, 95%CI = 1.01, 1.99) were more likely to justify intimate partner violence compared to those in the Southern region. Women who were exposed to one (aOR = 1.38, 95%CI = 1.06, 1.82) mass media were more likely to justify intimate partner violence compared to those who had no exposure to mass media. On the other hand, women aged 25–34 years (aOR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.48, 0.91) and 35–49 years (aOR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.44, 0.97) were less likely to justify intimate partner violence compared to those aged 15–24 years. Conclusions Our study has shown that exposure to interparental violence is a predictor of intimate partner violence justification. This study suggests the need for conscious and continuous efforts to identify and assist women who have been exposed to interparental violence to help prevent its transition to later life. Policies and interventions should be developed and implemented to curtail children’s exposure to domestic violence in their households. Also, laws and policies need to condemn any violence and demystify community justification and acceptance of intimate partner violence, taking into consideration the significant sociodemographic characteristics of the women highlighted in the study.
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- 2023
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240. Exposure to interparental violence and intimate partner violence among women in Papua New Guinea
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Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Abdul Cadri, Tarif Salihu, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, and Sanni Yaya
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Demographic and Health Survey ,Papua New Guinea ,Interparental violence ,Intimate partner violence ,Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction Evidence suggests that childhood exposure to interparental violence increases the risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) experience or perpetration in adolescence or adulthood. However, it is unclear if exposure to interparental violence increases the risk of IPV among women in Papua New Guinea. This study, therefore, seeks to fill this gap in the literature by examining the association between childhood exposure to interparental violence and IPV among women in Papua New Guinea. Methods We used data from the most recent 2016–18 Papua New Guinea Demographic and Health Survey. We included 3,512 women in our analyses. Past-year experience of IPV was the outcome variable in this study. Exposure to interparental violence was the key explanatory variable. We used a multilevel binary logistic regression to examine the association between exposure to interparental violence and IPV. Results We found a higher probability of experiencing IPV among women exposed to interparental violence [aOR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.13, 1.86] relative to women who were not exposed. Furthermore, we found that women living in rural areas had a lower likelihood of IPV experience [aOR = O.50, 95% CI = 0.32, 0.80] compared to those in urban settings. Finally, a greater odd of IPV experience was found among women staying in the Highlands Region [aOR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.06, 1.96] compared to those staying in the Southern Region. Conclusion Exposure to interparental violence was found to be significantly associated with IPV among women in Papua New Guinea. The findings of this study suggest the need for proven operational strategies to reduce IPV, such as improving anti-IPV laws in Papua New Guinea. We recommend the development and implementation of intercession strategies to reduce the experience and justification of violence among women exposed to interparental violence. In addition, health professionals should implement counseling and health education initiatives to tackle the consequences of IPV on women's well-being.
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- 2023
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241. Age, geographical and socio-economic related inequalities in contraceptive prevalence: evidence from the 1993–2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys
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Felix Mensah, Joshua Okyere, Simon Agongo Azure, Eugene Budu, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, and Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
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Contraception ,Demographic and Health Surveys ,Ghana ,Global health ,Inequality ,Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 - Abstract
Abstract Background Contraceptives afford individuals the opportunity to meet their reproductive needs and reduce maternal mortality. We aimed at assessing the trend and inequalities of contraceptive use in Ghana based on the 1993–2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys. Methods We used the World Health Organization’s Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) software in analysing the data. We adopted two approaches for the analysis. First, we disaggregated inequalities in contraceptive use using four equity stratifiers: wealth index, education, residence, and region. Second, summary measures (D), (PAR), (R), and (PAF) were also employed. A 95% uncertainty interval (UI) was constructed for point estimates to measure statistical significance. Results Contraceptive prevalence increased from 20.3% in 1993 to 26.7% in 2014. The contraceptive prevalence among women aged 20–49 increased from 20.6% [95% UI = 19.1, 22.3] in 1993 to 26.8% [95% UI = 24.9, 28.9] in 2014 and this exceeded the increase that was recorded among those aged 15–19 (from 13% [95 UI = 8.7, 19] to 18% [95% UI = 11.5, 28.6]), in the same period. It was evident that substantial inequality existed with respect to contraceptive use, from 1993 to 2014, with widest inequality occurring in 2003 (PAF = 2.7, 95% UI = -16.6–21.9; D = 17.4, 95% UI = 12.7–22.1). In terms of wealth index, the least inequality was observed in 2014 (PAR = 1.3, 95% UI = -1–3.6; D = 5.9, 95% UI = -0.1–12). Regarding education, the widest inequality occurred in 1993 (PAF = 138.6, UI = 132.1–145.1; D = 40.1, 95% UI = 34.4–45.9). With place of residence, the widest gap in inequality occurred in 1993 (PAF = 51.2, 95% UI = 46.2–56.3; D = 15.3, 95% UI = 11.8–18.7). There was inequality in contraceptive use with respect to sub-national regions. In 2014, the Difference (D = 21, 95% UI = 14.6–27.4) and the PAF (PAF = 20.9, 95% UI = 11.2 − 30.5) measures revealed substantial absolute and relative regional inequality between the regions. Conclusion There was a steady increase in contraceptive use from 20.3% in 1993 to 26.7% in 2014. Nevertheless, the percentage change is minimal. The trends of inequality indicate that inequalities in contraceptive use was evident across the dimension of age, place of residence, wealth index, education, and region. Yet, there was a substantial reduction in inequalities related to contraceptive use in 2014. Therefore, targeting adolescents, women in rural areas, low wealth quintile, and those with no formal education is key to substantially improving contraceptive use across the country.
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- 2023
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242. Correlates of repeat pregnancies among adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa
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Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Joshua Okyere, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Eugene Budu, and Sanni Yaya
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Adolescent girls ,Repeat pregnancy ,Sub-Saharan Africa ,Young women ,Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 - Abstract
Abstract Background Adolescent girls and young women are vulnerable populations who are at risk of several adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes, including unintended pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, unsafe abortions, and death from pregnancy-related complications. In this study, we examined the correlates of repeat pregnancies among adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods We extracted data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 31 countries in SSA. Countries whose surveys were conducted from 2010 to 2020 were included in the study. A total of 108,572 adolescent girls and young women (15–24 years) were included in the study. We used a multilevel mixed-effect binary logistic regression analysis to examine the correlates of repeat pregnancies among adolescent girls and young women in SSA. Results We found that adolescent girls and young women aged 20–24 [aOR = 2.36; 95%CI = 2.22, 2.51], those married [aOR = 7.52; 95%CI = 6.81, 8.30], living with a partner [aOR = 7.51; 95%CI = 6.87, 8.21], and those who had sexual intercourse before age 20 [aOR = 1.41; 95%CI = 1.33, 1.51] had higher odds of experiencing repeat pregnancies compared to those aged 15–19, those never in a union, those whose first sexual intercourse occurred at age 20 and above, respectively. Respondents exposed to listening to radio [aOR = 1.12; 95%CI = 1.06, 1.18] and those who justified intimate partner violence [aOR=1.13; 95%CI = 1.07, 1.19] had higher odds of experiencing repeat pregnancies compared to those who never listened to radio and those who did not justify intimate partner violence, respectively. Young women who had attained secondary or higher educational level [aOR = 0.83; 95%CI = 0.78, 0.90], those exposed to reading newspaper or magazine [aOR = 0.90; 95%CI = 0.82, 0.98], those residing in rural areas [aOR = 0.92; 95%CI = 0.86, 0.98], and those belonging to the richer [aOR = 0.87; 95%CI = 0.80, 0.95] and richest [aOR = 0.68; 95%CI = 0.61, 0.76] wealth quintile were less likely to experience repeat pregnancies. Conclusion The correlates of repeat pregnancies include age, age at first sexual intercourse, marital status, exposure to media, justification of intimate partner violence, wealth index, educational attainment, and place of residence. The findings underscore the need for governments and policymakers in SSA to implement policies that target the most at-risk groups: those with no formal education, the poor, and adolescent girls. Our findings also highlight the need to strengthen advocacy against the justification of intimate partner violence and intensify girl-child education.
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- 2023
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243. Factors associated with the uptake of clinical breast examination among women of reproductive age in Lesotho: analysis of a national survey
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Agani Afaya, Timothy Tienbia Laari, Abdul Aziz Seidu, Richard Adongo Afaya, Silas Selorm Daniels-Donkor, Vida Nyagre Yakong, and Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
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Breast cancer ,Clinical breast examination ,Reproductive women ,Lesotho ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background In low-resource settings with weak health systems, the WHO recommends clinical breast examination (CBE) as the most cost-effective breast screening modality for women. Evidence shows that biennial CBE leads to significant downstaging of breast cancer in all women. Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women in Lesotho with a weaker healthcare system and a low breast cancer screening rate. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with the uptake of CBE among women of reproductive age in Lesotho. Methods This study used cross-sectional data from the 2014 Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey. A sample of 6584 reproductive-age women was included in this study. We conducted both descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses. The study results were presented in frequencies, percentages, and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with their corresponding confidence intervals (CIs). Results The prevalence of CBE uptake was 9.73% (95% CI: 8.91, 10.61). Women who were covered by health insurance (aOR = 2.31, 95% CI [1.37, 3.88]), those who were pregnant (aOR = 2.34, 95% CI [1.64, 3.35]), those who had one to three children (aOR = 1.81, 95% CI [1.29,2.52]), and women who frequently read newspapers or magazines (aOR = 1.33, 95% CI [1.02,1.72]) were more likely to undergo CBE than their counterparts. Women who were aware of breast cancer (aOR = 2.54, 95% CI [1.63,3.97]), those who have ever had breast self-examination (BSE) within the last 12 months prior to the study (aOR = 5.30, 95% CI [4.35,6.46]), and those who visited the health facility in the last 12 months prior to the study (aOR = 1.57, 95% CI [1.27,1.95]) were also more likely to undergo CBE than their counterparts. Women residing in the Qacha’s-nek region (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI [0.26,0.67]) were less likely to undergo CBE than those in the Botha-bothe region. Conclusion The study found a low prevalence of CBE uptake among reproductive-age women in Lesotho. Factors associated with CBE uptake include health insurance coverage, being pregnant, those who had one to three children, exposure to media, breast cancer awareness, ever had BSE, and those who visited a health facility. To increase CBE uptake, these factors should be considered when designing cancer screening interventions and policies in order to help reduce the burden of breast cancer in Lesotho.
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- 2023
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244. Development and performance of jacquard woven retro-reflective textiles with African design patterns
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Raphael Kanyire Seidu, Sun Young Choi, and Shouxiang Jiang
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Retro-reflective textiles ,Visibility ,African design patterns ,Jacquard weaving ,Total hand value ,Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc. ,TP890-933 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Abstract Retro-reflective materials are important for safety purposes, such as enhancing the visibility of pedestrians at night when they wear garments with reflective materials and therefore reducing pedestrian fatalities. This has challenged different manufacturers to produce effective materials that provide the best retro-reflection. Most of these materials are applied as stripes on clothing, but can also extend to artisans using reflective yarns in their creations. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research and the synthesis of reflective yarns and African design patterns (due to its symbolic value for the African people) to create effective textiles that have the necessary properties for visibility at night. In this research work, a new approach is adopted by using a design process that combines jacquard weaving technology, reflective threads and African design patterns to produce retro-reflective textiles. The subsequent reflective effects captured in a darkroom show the retro-reflective ability of the samples. The testing carried out by using the Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics shows that the total hand value (THV) of the samples makes them suitable for men’s winter dress shirts and women’s thin winter dresses (with positive values) but not suitable for the summer garment (with negative values) counterparts respectively. This new approach might extend the ideation to produce retro-reflective textiles that can be applied for many different uses.
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- 2023
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245. Consumer attitude and disposal behaviour to second-hand clothing in Ghana
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Acquaye, Richard, Seidu, Raphael Kanyire, Eghan, Benjamin, and Fobiri, George Kwame
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- 2023
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246. Sleep duration, sleep quality and the risk of being obese: Evidence from the Australian panel survey
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Keramat, Syed Afroz, Alam, Khorshed, Basri, Rabeya, Siddika, Farzana, Siddiqui, Zubayer Hassan, Okyere, Joshua, Seidu, Abdul-Aziz, and Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku
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- 2023
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247. Factors associated with therapeutic inertia in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus started on basal insulin
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Shabnam, Sharmin, Gillies, Clare L., Davies, Melanie J., Dex, Terry, Melson, Eka, Khunti, Kamlesh, Webb, David R., Zaccardi, Francesco, and Seidu, Samuel
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- 2023
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248. Association Between Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Outcomes in People With Heart Failure From Asia
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Lawson, Claire A., Tay, Wan Ting, Bernhardt, Lizelle, Richards, A. Mark, Zaccardi, Francesco, Tromp, Jasper, Katherine Teng, Tiew-Hwa, Hung, Chung-Lieh, Chandramouli, Chanchal, Wander, Gurpreet Singh, Ouwerkerk, Wouter, Seidu, Sam, Khunti, Kamlesh, and Lam, Carolyn S.P.
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- 2023
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249. The burden and trend of diseases and their risk factors in Australia, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Maddison, Ralph, Uddin, Riaz, Ball, Kylie, Livingstone, Katherine M, Khan, Asaduzzaman, Salmon, Jo, Ackerman, Ilana N, Adair, Tim, Adegboye, Oyelola A, Ademi, Zanfina, Adhikary, Ripon Kumar, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Alam, Khurshid, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Alif, Sheikh Mohammad, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Aminde, Leopold N, Anderlini, Deanna, Angell, Blake, Ansar, Adnan, Antony, Benny, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Arnet, Victoria Kiriaki, Astell-Burt, Thomas, Atorkey, Prince, Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayano, Getinet, Bagheri, Nasser, Barnett, Anthony, Baune, Bernhard T, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhaskar, Sonu, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Borschmann, Rohan, Boufous, Soufiane, Briggs, Andrew M, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Bulamu, Norma B, Burns, Richard A, Carvalho, Andre F, Cerin, Ester, Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chowdhury, Enayet Karim, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Clark, Scott Richard, Cross, Marita, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, de Courten, Barbora, De Leo, Diego, de Luca, Katie, Doyle, Kerrie E, Edvardsson, David, Edvardsson, Kristina, Efendi, Ferry, Endalamaw, Aklilu, Fauk, Nelsensius Klau, Feng, Xiaoqi, Fitzgibbon, Bernadette Mary, Flavel, Joanne, Gebreyohannes, Eyob Alemayehu Alemayehu, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gill, Tiffany K, Godinho, Myron Anthony, Gupta, Bhawna, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome, Hamiduzzaman, Mohammad, Hankey, Graeme J, Hassanian-Moghaddam, Hossein, Hay, Simon I, Hebert, Jeffrey J, Huda, M Mamun, Huda, Tanvir M, Islam, M Mofizul, Islam, Mohammad Saidul, Islam, Rakibul M, Kaambwa, Billingsley, Kandel, Himal, Kassie, Gizat M, Kelly, Jaimon Terence, Kerr, Jessica A, Kiross, Girmay Tsegay, Knibbs, Luke D, Kulkarni, Vishnutheertha Vishnutheertha, Lalloo, Ratilal, Le, Long Khanh Dao, Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Li, Shanshan, Mahumud, Rashidul Alam, Mamun, Abdullah A, Marzan, Melvin Barrientos, McGrath, John J, Mehlman, Max L, Meretoja, Atte, Mersha, Amanual Getnet, Miller, Ted R, Mitchell, Philip B, Mokdad, Ali H, Morawska, Lidia, Mpundu-Kaambwa, Christine, Mude, William, Murray, Christopher J L, Neupane Kandel, Sandhya, Nyanhanda, Tafadzwa, Obamiro, Kehinde O, Peden, Amy E, Pesudovs, Konrad, Polkinghorne, Kevan R, Rahman, Azizur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Ratan, Zubair Ahmed, Rawal, Lal, Reifels, Lennart, Renzaho, Andre M N, Robinson, Stephen R, Roshandel, Danial, Rumisha, Susan Fred, Saunders, Paul A, Sawyer, Susan M, Schlaich, Markus P, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Seidu, Abdul-Aziz, Sharma, Saurab, Shorofi, Seyed Afshin, Siabani, Soraya, Singh, Ambrish, Singh, Balbir Bagicha, Slater, Helen, Stephens, Jacqueline H, Stokes, Mark A, Subedi, Narayan Subedi, Sumi, Chandra Datta, Sun, Jing, Sundström, Johan, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Takahashi, Ken, Taylor, Jo, Tessema, Melkamu B Tessema, Thrift, Amanda G, To, Quyen G, Tollosa, Daniel Nigusse, Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc, Vandelanotte, Corneel, Varghese, Blesson Mathew, Veerman, Lennert J, Wang, Ning, Ward, Paul, Woodward, Mark, Wubishet, Befikadu Legesse, Xu, Xiaoyue, Ye, Pengpeng, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zarghami, Amin, Zhang, Jianrong, and Crawford, David A
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- 2023
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250. Plasmodium falciparum infection and naturally acquired immunity to malaria antigens among Ghanaian children in northern Ghana
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Seidu, Zakaria, Lamptey, Helena, Lopez-Perez, Mary, Whittle, Nora Owusuwaa, Oppong, Stephen Kwesi, Kyei-Baafour, Eric, Pobee, Abigail Naa Adjorkor, Adjei, George Obeng, Hviid, Lars, and Ofori, Michael F.
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- 2023
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