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Human eyes exhibit different characteristic patterns during different virtual interaction tasks such as moving a window, scrolling a piece of text, or maximizing an image. Human-computer, studies literature contains examples of intelligent systems that can predict user's task-related intentions and goals based on eye gaze behavior. However, these systems are generally evaluated in terms of prediction accuracy, and on previously collected offline interaction data. Little attention has been paid to creating real-time interactive systems using eye gaze and evaluating them in online use. We have five main contributions that address this gap from a variety of aspects. First, we present the first line of work that uses real-time feedback generated by a gaze-based probabilistic task prediction model to build an adaptive real-time visualization system: Our system is able to dynamically provide adaptive interventions that are informed by real-time user behavior data. Second, we propose two novel adaptive visualization approaches that take into account the presence of uncertainty in the outputs of prediction models. Third, we offer a personalization method to suggest which approach will be more suitable for each user in terms of system performance (measured in terms of prediction accuracy). Personalization boosts system performance and provides users with the more optimal visualization approach (measured in terms of usability and perceived task load). Fourth, by means of a thorough usability study, we quantify the effects of the proposed visualization approaches and prediction errors on natural user behavior and the performance of the underlying prediction systems. Finally, this paper also demonstrates that our previously-published gaze-based task prediction system, which was assessed as successful in an offline test scenario, can also be successfully utilized in realistic online usage scenarios. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how a study group consisting of 85 participants interact with selected online stores and how the interactions correlate with interest in products for each store. This work uses a quantitative research methodology involving a dedicated tool for implicit monitoring of human-website interaction, instrumented for selected stores and registering product interest for the benefit of recommender systems. One of the findings was that to predict product interest it seems a good idea to start with monitoring scrolling activities, mouse usage and time spent on a website and its sections. Rich product information played a crucial role in shaping user interest. For all stores in the study, a misclassification rate of 28.7% was achieved in a CART model, while modeling for particular stores, it varied from 39.3% to 24.8%, and we feel that it reflected different page layouts in stores. Models built to represent individual behavior patterns of most active study participants varied in terms of misclassification rates from 17% to 26%, and the analysis suggested that individual preference modeling could be considered for recommender systems, in particular for key customers or customer groups. The study leads to insights into online store user behavior and product interest prediction, and as a result to possible implications for recommender systems design, including ergonomics optimization and interaction personalization.

The monolayer MoS2 based photodetectors have been widely investigated, which show limited photoelectric performances due to its low light absorption and uncontrollable adsorbates. In this paper, we present a MoS2-based hybrid nanoscrolls device, in which one-dimensional nanoscrollsof MoS2 is hybridized with carbon quantum dots (CQDs). This device architecture effectively enhanced the photodetection performance. The photoresponsivity and detectivity values of MoS2/CQDs-NS photodetectors are respectively 1793 A W−1 and 5.97 × 1012 Jones, which are 830-fold and 268-fold higher than those of pristine MoS2 under 300 nm illumination at V ds = 5 V. This research indicates a significant progress in fabricating high-performance MoS2 photodetectors.

The concept of “leisure time” originally refers to times that one does not work, but mentally improves themselves. Reading, is the primary activity that helps people to improve themselves in this way. However, today, most of the youth see reading books as a tiring activity to do, and it is an undeniable fact that, especially young peoples’ leisure times are occupied by smartphone technology which provides them many facilities of entertainment. Accordingly, this study aims to search if there is a relationship between addictive smartphone usage and book reading attitudes of Turkish youth. Through implementing the survey method on 344 young participants, this study found that although females seem to have more positive attitudes towards book reading, smartphone addiction of youth does not reveal a difference in terms of gender or education level. More importantly, it is found in this study that addictive smartphone use has a negative impact on book reading attitudes of Turkish youth in general. This finding is significant considering the essentiality of reading books for youth, and decreasing rates of extra-curricular or off work book reading around the world. Keywords: Book reading attitude, Smartphone addiction, Leisure time, Youth

Reading on touchscreen mobile devices is common in modern society. However, it is difficult to determine which interaction mode has the best reading effect when reading texts of different lengths. Using memory tests, eye-movement data analysis, and task load scale, we studied the effects of paging and vertical scrolling modes on the memory level, visual fatigue, task load, and reading speed of 28 participants reading both long and short texts. The results showed that vertical scrolling has a better memory effect than paging mode when reading short texts, but there was no difference in effect when reading long texts; the blink frequency in paging mode is higher than in scrolling mode whether reading long or short texts; no significant differences were found in reading speed in scrolling or paging mode when reading short or long texts; and in task load, the mental and temporal demands in scrolling mode were lower than in paging mode whether reading long or short texts. Considering that most current mobile readings do not differ in interaction mode according to the length of reading material, our conclusions provide valuable design recommendations to designers working on mobile reading apps.

I have discovered a new way to animate images on mobile phones. I have long been interested in how some moire patterns seem to appear and disappear when zebra-striped images are scrolled in a web browser or on a smartphone screen. Such effects depend on the speed of the scroll and the contrast, angle, and spacing of the stripes. By experimenting, I have been able to exploit this effect to create images that move from side to side or vibrate and shimmer frame to frame. Taking inspiration from barrier-grid (slit) animations, I have created hummingbirds, rolling rocking horses, and bouncing balls. The physics of the moire patterns, and the creativity of the physicist, assist in the successful execution of this challenging new artform.

This study examines factors related to the effectiveness of mobile advertising. Using a large data set with 115,899 records of ad tap-through from a mobile advertising company in China, the authors identify that the influencing factors for advertisement tap through are application type, mobile operators, scrolling frequency, and regional income level. They use a logit model to analyze how the probability of advertisement tap through is related to the identified factors. The results show that application type, mobile operators, scrolling frequency, and the regional income level are positively correlated with the likelihood whether users would tap on certain types of advertising. In addition, they use the Bayesian network model to estimate the conditional probability for a user to tap on an advertisement in an application after the user already taps on another advertisement in the same application. Based on the findings, the authors propose strategies for mobile advertisers to engage in effective and targeted mobile advertising.

Parallax scrolling is a popular web technique used widely in product presentation websites, but its effect on user experience is unknown. Parallax scrolling allows the object displayed in the foreg...

The narrative shape of Revelation is notoriously difficult to identify, and varies from commentator to commentator. However, there are indicators of structure, some of which are subtler than others. This textual note identifies uses of three Greek words for ‘scroll’ (belonging to the βιβλ- word-group), twenty-eight in total, and suggests that the hitherto unidentified cluster of seven uses of the word ‘scroll’ in Revelation twenty-two could form an inclusio with the seven uses in chapter five. It further proposes that in chapter ten we are alerted to the forthcoming contents of the now opened scroll by the equivalent use of ‘little scroll’ and ‘scroll.’ I argue that the opened scroll’s contents, relating a metanarrative of salvation and judgement, are narrated from 11:19 to the close of the inclusio in chapter twenty-two, where I postulate a double ending—that of the scroll eaten by John and that of the whole book.

Online display advertising has becomes a billion-dollar industry, and it keeps growing. Advertisers attempt to send marketing messages to attract potential customers via graphic banner ads on publishers’ webpages. Advertisers are charged for each view of a page that delivers their display ads. However, recent studies have discovered that more than half of the ads are never shown on users’ screens due to insufficient scrolling. Thus, advertisers waste a great amount of money on these ads that do not bring any return on investment. Given this situation, the Interactive Advertising Bureau calls for a shift toward charging by viewable impression, i.e., charge for ads that are viewed by users. With this new pricing model, it is helpful to predict the viewability of an ad. This paper proposes two probabilistic latent class models (PLC) that predict the viewability of any given scroll depth for a user-page pair. Using a real-life dataset from a large publisher, the experiments demonstrate that our models outperform comparison systems.

DanMu , an emerging type of user-generated comment, has become increasingly popular in recent years. Many online video platforms such as Tudou.com have provided the DanMu function. Unlike traditional online reviews such as reviews at Youtube.com that are outside the videos, DanMu is a scrolling marquee comment, which is overlaid directly on top of the video and synchronized to a specific playback time. Such comments are displayed as streams of moving subtitles overlaid on the video screen. Viewers could easily write DanMu s while watching videos, and the written DanMu s will be immediately overlaid onto the video and displayed to writers themselves and other viewers as well. Such DanMu systems have greatly enabled users to communicate with each other in a much more direct way, creating a real-time sharing experience. Although there are several unique features of DanMu and has had a great impact on online video systems, to the best of our knowledge, there is no work that has provided a comprehensive study on DanMu . In this article, as a pilot study, we analyze the unique characteristics of DanMu from various perspectives. Specifically, we first illustrate some unique distributions of DanMu s by comparing with traditional reviews (TReviews) that we collected from a real DanMu -enabled online video system. Second, we discover two interesting patterns in DanMu data: a herding effect and multiple-burst phenomena that are significantly different from those in TRviews and reveal important insights about the growth of DanMu s on a video. Towards exploring antecedents of both th herding effect and multiple-burst phenomena, we propose to further detect leading DanMu s within bursts, because those leading DanMu s make the most contribution to both patterns. A framework is proposed to detect leading DanMu s that effectively combines multiple factors contributing to leading DanMu s. Based on the identified characteristics of DanMu , finally we propose to predict the distribution of future DanMu s (i.e., the growth of DanMu s), which is important for many DanMu -enabled online video systems, for example, the predicted DanMu distribution could be an indicator of video popularity. This prediction task includes two aspects: One is to predict which videos future DanMu s will be posted for, and the other one is to predict which segments of a video future DanMu s will be posted on. We develop two sophisticated models to solve both problems. Finally, intensive experiments are conducted with a real-world dataset to validate all methods developed in this article.

This paper proposes a dynamic authentication of smartphone users based on their gestures on touchscreen. The user authentication consists of three stages: collecting touch gestures’ data, extracting features, and classification. Tapping, scrolling, dragging and zooming gestures’ data are acquired using a developed android application. Then, features from these gestures are extracted. Finally, three different classifiers, medians vector proximity (MVP), k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) and random forest (RF), are applied to the extracted features. The performance of these classifiers are investigated and compared considering a single-touch gesture and all possible combinations of the extracted touch gestures on smartphone. The experimental results show that the MVP classifier brings the best results when using single gestures. When two gestures are combined together, the k-NN gives the best results. The k-NN classifier reaches an equal error rate of 0% using only three gestures. The RF is not ideal to be used on smartphone users’ authentication as it gives the worst results.

On web information exists in the form of text, audio, image, and video objects often referred to multiple media objects. Vertical web search provides the search of multiple media information usually via keyword-based queries. The search results in different media formats usually presented in separate panels/tabs; integration is mostly non-blended. Therefore, results exploration via vertical web search engines require the selection of a source and scrolling of a linear ranked list of results. Relationships in the results presented in separate panels/tabs are mostly not considered. Search aggregations unify results from several vertical web sources via blended integration, but exploration still requires scrolling of a linear ranked list. Multimedia search frameworks provide the exploration of results in different media formats but more focused towards the retrieval issues. We proposed a multiple media information search framework to address issues, particularly in aggregated search. Our search framework provides a mechanism to explore results via non-linear ways. The search framework realized by suggesting a framework architecture design and instantiating a search tool. The effectiveness of blended integration and browsing is measured via precision and click through rate respectively. Search task support in results exploration mechanism measured via task-based evaluation. We also validated the conformance of various search/exploration attributes discussed in the state-of-the-art in our frameworks.

The use of social networking websites (SNS’s) among emerging adults is very common. While evidence suggests that the use of SNS’s can be positive, some research indicates that SNS use may lead to n...

This article examines the results of the online questionnaire (www.feministdesires.com) focused on the audience engagements with feminist pornographies. The analysis is centred around the ninety participants that mentioned Tumblr in their qualitative responses. The goal is to highlight the themes emerging from the inductive analysis of the sample in relation to why Tumblr might be an important space for the access, circulation, curation and creation of queer, feminist and BDSM porn. In addition, the analysis aims at understanding the internet access practices of porn audiences and shed light on the relationships between images, affects and networked community. Since the research focuses on audiences that access pornographic texts that they would define as ‘feminist’, it also sheds light on the political, ethical, aesthetical dimensions of engagement with and definition of feminist sexual texts, practices, communities.

Differently-abled or disability is distinct as limitation of a person’s ability to carry out the activities of daily living, to the level that he or she may need help in doing so. The differentlyabled personnel, especially people with various amputations face the issue of not being able to use the devices that allow them to access e-content properly. In this paper, here suggest an application that is able to scroll the page of an e-content with the help of human face. The face is identified and tracked in real-time to use their actions for scrolling events. The basic strategy for detection is fast extraction of the face of the image in front of the screen with image processing technology. Between-the-Eyes is selected as a face representative because of its features are common to most people and is easily seen for a varied range of face orientation. After identifying the face, the head movement is used to trigger the scrolling event based on the suggested proposed system.

Despite the increasing use of mobile web in our everyday lives, mobile web search remains a challenging task mainly due to the intensive scrolling inherent in linear presentation of search engine results (SERs) on the small screen of a mobile device. Drawing on the cognitive load theory and information foraging theory, this study aims to improve user performance in mobile web search by proposing two new artifacts—radial visualization of SERs clusters and synchronization of clusters and individual SERs presentations. These artifacts are hypothesized to improve search efficiency and/or navigation efficiency without affecting search effectiveness. This study also examines a possible moderating effect of search task type (open-ended vs. close-ended tasks). We implemented four mobile web search systems that reflect four combinations of different visualization and synchronization settings and empirically evaluated them using a controlled experiment. The results show that the radial visualization improve...

In this paper we present a multiscale approach for change point detection. The algorithm estimates likelihood-ratio (LR) test in several scrolling windows simultaneously. This makes the method adaptive to structural breaks of different scales. Critical values are calibrated in a data-driven way using multiplier bootstrap, which estimates nonasymptotic distribution of the test statistics.

We report a simple and novel method for the fabrication of high-quality nanoscrolls of graphene oxide (GO) and graphene oxide decorated with silver nanoparticles (GO-Ag) on a gold substrate through a scrolling process assisted by the self-assembly of alkanethiol monolayers. The yield and rate of the scrolling process were highly dependent on the lengths of the alkanethiol molecules, and could be well described by power law functions. Importantly, compared to nanosheets, nanoscrolls of GO and GO-Ag showed superior performance in humidity sensing due to their unique scrolled structures.

Accustomed though we are to films, files, moving-image apparatus, and books, media scholars often still find the concept of “data” jarring. As evidenced by any number of scenes of what might be called data montage—think of the reference library sleuthing in Spotlight (2015) or the now-iconic scrolling green type in The Matrix (1999)—we struggle to picture data, let alone begin to analyze it as a media object. Even in information studies and data science, fields in which data is a primary object of study, specific definitions of the term are contested and often unsatisfying. Does information become data when it is converted from undifferentiated content to structured form? When it is translated from text or image into machine-readable form? Or when marshalled as evidence or proof of results? The information scholar Christine Borgman has argued for the contingent and time-based nature of data: information becomes data not by virtue of any inherent property, but in the process of being transformed for use as evidence in support of a claim.1 The historian Daniel Rosenberg takes this line of argument further. Data, he contends, is “ specifically rhetorical”—the necessary prerequisite to any analysis or claim.2 These formulations of data are helpful, but to the media scholar, they omit some important features. We may select and arrange a series of sequences from a film or television show in support of an argument, but we almost never refer to this evidence as “data”—a fact that suggests that, …

Non-linear document navigation refers to the process of repeatedly reading a document at different levels to provide an overview, including selective reading to search for useful information within a document under time constraints. Currently, this function is not supported well by small-screen tablets. In this study, we propose the concept of structure-aware touch-based scrolling (SATS), which allows structural document navigation using region-dependent touch gestures for non-sequential navigation within tablets or tablet-sized e-book readers. In SATS, the screen is divided into four vertical sections representing the different structural levels of a document, where dragging into the different sections allows navigating from the macro to micro levels. The implementation of a prototype is presented, as well as details of a comparative evaluation using typical non-sequential navigation tasks performed under time constraints. The results showed that SATS obtained better performance, higher user satisfaction, and a lower usability workload compared with a conventional structural overview interface.

MotivationEffective and efficient exploration of numeric data and annotations as a function of genomic position requires specialized software.ResultsWe present G-Graph, an interactive genomic scatter plot viewer. G-Graph stacks or tiles multiple data series in one graph using different colors and markers. It displays gene annotation and other metadata, allows easy changes to the appearance of data series, implements stack-based undo functionality, and saves user-selected application views as image and pdf files. G-Graph delivers smooth and rapid scrolling and zooming even for datasets with millions of points and line segments. The primary target user is a researcher examining many copy number profiles to identify potentially deleterious variants. G-Graph runs under Linux, Mac OSX and Windows.Availabilityhttps://github.com/docpaa/mumdex/ or https://mumdex.com/ggraph/Contactandrewsp@cshl.edu (or paa@drpa.us)

UID/SOC/04647/2019 In the contemporary context, there is a growing practice of reading higher education teaching support material using digital media tools, via scrolling text on a screen on multiple devices (e.g. tablets, iPads and computers). These materials can be either specifically prepared digital texts or scanned printed texts, as opposed to the tradition of reading on paper. Thus, the following question emerges, which functions as the leitmotiv of the present study: what is the pedagogical potential of digital reading by scrolling text? In order to answer this question, we analysed a variety of information addressing this topic, which was collected from multiple sources. The analysis of this information allows concluding that, sometimes, rather than by the intentionality or pedagogical potential of the academic learning reading processes, this practice seems to be justified by the possibility of implementing a technology that tends to meet the actors' expectations (mainly students). There is the need for some caution in the mobilisation of digital reading in each specific situation, insofar as this reading is not always - necessarily and under any circumstance - the most fruitful. Besides the specificities that differentiate digital reading from printed reading (such as concentration and the relationship with new technologies), students' traits, their motivation, their knowledge about the use of the reading device or the type of digital document are some of the key elements to take into account for the success of learning through this reading process in academic learning, which, in addition, cannot overlook the importance of the type of teacher-student relationship established. publishersversion published

We propose ShearSheet, a low-cost, feasible, and simple DIY method that enables tangential (shear) force input on a touchscreen using a rubber-mounted slim transparent sheet. The sheet has tiny conductive material(s) attached to specific positions on the underside so that displacement of the sheet is recognized as touch input(s). This allows the system to distinguish between normal touch input and shear force input depending on whether the sheet moves or not, without requiring any external sensors or power. We first introduce ShearSheet's simple implementation for a smartphone and then discuss several promising interaction techniques that augment shear interaction with one- and two-finger operations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of ShearSheet's smooth transition between position- and rate-based control through a controlled user study using simple scrolling tasks. The results confirm that ShearSheet offers improved performance such as fewer operations and higher subjective preference, suggesting its substantial benefits and potential applications.

Background Increasing the understanding of patterns of behaviours for alcohol are a key priority for Public Health Wales. We developed an interactive scrolling webpage to support this priority. Main Aim To develop a tool for understanding behaviour which brings together large amounts of information and presents it in a new and innovative way to inform and support decision makers. Methods Using the R programming language we developed an interactive scrolling webpage following an agile project management approach to involve key users. Users were engaged throughout the process, and outputs were produced in an iterative way to ensure the tool continued to meet the needs of the user. Results The interactive tool allows data interrogation and extraction and uses innovative techniques to display information without having to leave the tool. The profile includes an overview of the pattern of alcohol consumption and its impacts, along with the option to explore the data further at the local level. The information, presented across a series of tabs, allows users to navigate easily to the area of interest. Interactive elements, including dropdown selectors and checkboxes, were used to display additional information such as caveats and data sources. Conclusion Whilst R and agile project management require sufficient time investment, they were used successfully to disseminate public health knowledge in an informative way to increase the understanding of patterns of behaviours.

In this study, we developed a real-time comment scrolling system (RCSS) that overlays students' comments on a lecturer's personal computer by scrolling, and we practically evaluated it for half a year in university classes. The purpose of RCSS is to enhance active communication between a teacher and students, that is, the interactivity of the class. We evaluated the effectiveness of the RCSS by recording the comment logs and collecting the questionnaire results through trial operations in university classes. Results showed that most students posted positive answers: “RCSS made communication with the teacher easy,” “RCSS enhanced my motivation,” and “RCSS improved my understanding.” Conversely, 10% of the students considered the comments to be a hindrance. About 30%—40% of the students posted comments to the RCSS as needed. This study also aimed to analyze the comment logs by category. The number of utterances related to the lecture doubled before and after the RCSS introduction. We found that RCSS contributed to the realization of an interactive class.

Every day we perceive pictures on our mobile phones and scroll through images within a limited space. At present, however, visual perception via image scrolling is not well understood. This study investigated the nature of visual perception within a small window frame. It compared visual search efficiency using three modes: scrolling, moving-window, and free-viewing. The item number and stimulus size varied. Results showed variations in search efficiency depending on search mode. The slowest search occurred under the scrolling condition, followed by the moving-window condition, and the fastest search occurred under the no-window condition. For the scrolling condition, the response time increased the least sharply in proportion to item number but most sharply in proportion to the stimulus size compared to the other two conditions. Analysis of the trace of scan revealed frequent pauses interjected with small and fast stimulus shifts for the scrolling condition, but slow and continuous window movements interjected with a few pauses for the moving-window condition. We concluded that searching via scrolling was less efficient than searching via a moving-window, reflecting differences in dynamic properties of participants’ scan.

In this era of evolving technologies, most of the human interactions with the electronic devices are becoming smart. For elderly and blind people, it may be difficult to use mouse and keyboard for every operation especially when watching videos in computer, increasing or decreasing of volume and play pause, and when using web browsers, scrolling up or down and swapping of the taps. This paper has tried to provide solutions to the above-mentioned problem by reducing the usage of mouse and keyboard using IOT technologies. Gesture recognition is one of the essential techniques to build user-friendly interface. This paper deals with Human Computer Interaction(HCI) consists of hardware components such as Arduino UNO and the ultrasonic sensors with the software components such as Arduino and Python IDLE for exchanging the information or communication between the user and machine.

Image classification aims to recognize the object detected to differ between different classes such as human being, vehicles, buildings and et cetera. In classifying any object, it is important to measure the accuracy to acknowledge its effectiveness on certain tasks specifications. Hence, this work is carried out to develop an application which can recognize the hand gestures on embedded system. There are four sorts of hand gestures used in this work which are for zooming in, zooming out, scrolling up and scrolling down. We proceed to measure the accuracy and performance on embedded system using Movidius Neural Compute Stick (NCS). In this work, AlexNet and GoogleNet models are trained in Caffe as it is compatible with OpenVino. The result obtained showed that GoogleNet delivers the best classification accuracy at 99.6%, while the performance of GoogleNet on NCS is acceptable for real-time implementation where it took around 110ms to infer the image. This is slower than CPU inference time which is at 68ms. Nevertheless, the result showed that the trained model can be used in embedded system with good performance.

The goal of the VAST challenge 2019 Mini Challenge 2 was to visualize radioactive contaminations measured by mobile and static sensors and their changes over time, allowing city officials to determine the severity of the leakage at the city's nuclear power plant. We propose cpmViz, a web-based tool that allows for interactive data exploration of the sensor readings in both of the spatial and temporal dimensions. The tool consists out of three views that are connected via linking and scrolling. We visualize static sensor uncertainty by introducing Voronoi cells to illustrate how much space is covered by an individual measurement unit. For mobile sensors, we showcase their activity periods and introduce the concept of sensor streaks as periods of uninterrupted recordings as a temporal uncertainty measure. As for spatial uncertainty, we color individual districts based on the amount of data that was recorded inside the user's selected time window. Using our system, we were able to easily spot major events like the city's initial earthquake in the sensor readings. Certain southern districts are clearly visible as areas of concern that we consider in need of more static sensors. Furthermore, we were also able to identify static as well as moving contaminations. published

Rotational tracking enables Virtual Reality (VR) users to turn their head around freely 360° while looking around the environment. However, there are situations when physical head rotation is only possible for not more than a certain range, e. g., when the user sits in a bus or plane while she is wearing a VR headset. For these situations, rotation gains were introduced to decouple virtual and real rotations. We present two more techniques that allow 360° virtual turning in a physically limited space: Dynamic Rotation Gains and Scrolling. We conducted an experiment to compare those three rotation techniques and a baseline condition regarding VR sickness, spatial orientation, and usability. We found a significant underestimation of rotation angles for the dynamic rotation gains which might mean that this technique is more subtle than others. Furthermore, usability was higher and VR sickness lower for the dynamic rotation gains while scrolling caused the highest VR sickness. Finally, we conducted a confirmatory study to prove the applicability of dynamic rotation gains in an actual VR experience and got promising feedback.

Large high-resolution displays (LHRDs) are entering into our daily life. Today, we already see them in installations where they display tailored applications, e.g. in exhibitions. However, while heavily studied under lab conditions, real-world applications for personal use, which utilize the extended screen space are rarely available. Thus, today’s studies of LHRD are particularly designed to embrace the large screen space. In contrast, in this paper, we investigate a real-world application designed for researchers working on large text corpora to support them in deep text understanding. We conducted a study with 14 experts from the humanities and computational linguistics which solved a text analysis task using a standard desktop version on a 24 inch screen and an LHRD version on three 50 inch screens. Surprisingly, the smaller display condition outperformed the LHRD in terms of task completion time and error rate. While participants appreciated the overview provided by the large screen, qualitative feedback also revealed that the need for head movement and the scrolling mechanism decreased the usability of the LHRD condition.

Eye tracking is a frequently used technique to collect data capturing users' strategies and behaviors in processing information. Understanding how programmers navigate through a large number of classes and methods to find bugs is important to educators and practitioners in software engineering. However, the eye tracking data collected on realistic codebases is massive compared to traditional eye tracking data on one static page. The same content may appear in different areas on the screen with users scrolling in an Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Hierarchically structured content and fluid method position compose the two major challenges for visualization. We present a dual-space analysis approach to explore eye tracking data by leveraging existing software visualizations and a new graph embedding visualization. We use the graph embedding technique to quantify the distance between two arbitrary methods, which offers a more accurate visualization of distance with respect to the inherent relations, compared with the direct software structure and the call graph. The visualization offers both naturalness and readability showing time-varying eye movement data in both the content space and the embedded space, and provides new discoveries in developers' eye tracking behaviors.

Purpose work says about the capability of displaying information, and describes the methods of constructing a circuit needed to obtain such device. But Sending and monitoring various notices every day is a quit heavy process. A separate person is required to take care of these notices. This paper deals with superior notice board. Our purposed scheme will allow people to wireless send out notices on a dot matrix display using Wi-Fi module with mobile phone. The scrolling display is aimed for the schools and colleges to display everyday data continuously. Being a system based on Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), it offers litheness to display flash news quicker than the programmable system. Keyboard based display scheme can also be used at other open places like hospital, railway station, colleges, hotels and malls etc. The scrolling display board mainly consists of receiver and shows toolkit that can be programmed. It receives the message, through serial port and displays the required information after the code conversion.

The main focus of this paper is to advance the study of controlling a personal computer using various face gestures and movements captured using RGB webcam in real time. This is highly useful for physically challenged people. Recent state-of-the-art face landmark detection algorithm is used to localize facial features which helped in estimating various parameters for computer control with high precision. Position of nose tip is tracked for cursor control and smile detection is carried out for scrolling of pages. A unique mathematical expression is introduced which is used to detect the state of the eye (blinking or not). The algorithm developed was found to be robust against different head orientation and lighting condition. This algorithm also outperforms many other related works both in terms of accuracy and computation time. The relevant pipeline architecture and results are demonstrated in this paper.

As modern people become highly dependent on mobile applications and services, saving the power consumption of browser applications plays an important role for the battery lifetime of mobile devices. This paper investigates how to reduce the power consumption of mobile OLED displays under scrolling operations when displaying web pages. We first propose a content-based analysis to efficiently determine the visual appeal in a web page. Then, two algorithms are presented to dynamically generate power-saving transformation programs for a web page. We next propose a scrolling operation detection to activate the transformation without reducing the user experience. Finally, the results of the extensive experiments conducted on a commercial smart-phone with four real-world web pages to evaluate the performance of the proposed design are very encouraging.

As educational instructors, one of the many ways we garner feedback from the class is through asking questions between segments of the lesson. I must admit, there were times when I felt pressured when nobody raised their hand to contribute an answer. Could it be that my students have not learnt anything from the three-hour lecture I just gave? This practice for me has often been an ineffective gauge of students’ understanding, even if there were students who raised their hand to proffer an answer. Firstly, students who were quick thinkers and fully engaged with the class would often participate in answering questions and respond actively. On the downside, their willingness to answer might lead to the end of the thought process for other students who needed more time to come to a conclusion for themselves. It might have also given me, the instructor, an illusion that the entire class had fully understood the concepts I was trying to convey during the lesson. Having students use their smartphones in class to assess their own understanding of concepts has been very important to me. I’ve had students taking selfies, face-timing their friends, and scrolling through social media during lessons (to name a few). How much better would it be for me to be in control of what they see on their smartphones for the sake of learning!

Indigenous knowledge is a collective fact generated by local communities all over the world about nature, technology, health, natural resources, etc. The preservation and propagation of this valuable resource can be effectively achieved through media. Presently, information and communication technology plays a vital role in daily lives of the people. The news desk journalist works on the principle of accessing new archives and extracting an idea from the past and reworking it with the present. Yet scrolling through this tremendous amount of information can be hectic. The proposed system of personalized news extraction helps the journalists in identifying the semantically matching news by making use of ontology. Localization and news ordering are the two main features included in the proposed sustainable framework. The localization focuses on extracting news about traditional knowledge. One of the potential elements that determine the news value of a news story is its occurring place. News ordering deals with the listing of news for a query that is specific to the location from where it has been broadcasted. Further studies are required to improve news ordering by discovering how each news event affects the lives of the local community.

Background High-quality clinical notes are essential to effective clinical communication. However, electronic clinical notes are often long, difficult to review, and contain information that is potentially extraneous or out of date. Additionally, many clinicians write electronic clinical notes using customized templates, resulting in notes with significant variability in structure. There is a need to understand better how clinicians review electronic notes and how note structure variability may impact clinicians' note-reviewing experiences. Objective This article aims to understand how physicians review electronic clinical notes and what impact section order has on note-reviewing patterns. Materials and Methods We conducted an experiment utilizing an electronic health record (EHR) system prototype containing four anonymized patient cases, each composed of nine progress notes that were presented with note sections organized in different orders to different subjects (i.e., Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan, Assessment, Plan, Subjective, and Objective, Subjective, Assessment, Objective, and Plan, and Mixed). Participants, who were mid-level residents and fellows, reviewed the cases and provided a brief summary after reviewing each case. Time-related data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Surveys were administered and interviews regarding experiences reviewing notes were collected and analyzed qualitatively. Results Qualitatively, participants reported challenges related to reviewing electronic clinical notes. Experimentally, time spent reviewing notes varied based on the note section organization. Consistency in note section organization improved performance (e.g., less scrolling and searching) compared with Mixed section organization when reviewing progress notes. Discussion Clinicians face significant challenges reviewing electronic clinical notes. Our findings support minimizing extraneous information in notes, removing information that can be found in other parts of the EHR, and standardizing the display and order of note sections to improve clinicians' note review experience. Conclusion Our findings support the need to improve EHR note design and presentation to support optimal note review patterns for clinicians.

Creating effective interfaces for browsing is a key challenge in digital libraries. In a desktop computing-based world, large screen real estate and vertical-only scrolling were major drivers of the design of DL interfaces. Mobile computing presents new challenges and opportunities for DLs: screens are smaller, but touch screens afford interactions that have not been possible in the past. In this paper we compare the effect of input modality---touch vs. scrolling---on navigation in interfaces designed for book browsing. We specifically address effectiveness and user satisfaction with horizontal and two-dimensional scrolling, which has traditionally had low acceptability to users and thus drastically limited the information presentation options available in digital libraries.