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Soil legacies play an important role for the creation of priority effects. However, we still poorly understand to what extent the metabolome found in the soil solution of a plant community is conditioned by its species composition and whether soil chemical legacies affect subsequent species during assembly. To test these hypotheses, we collected soil solutions from forb or grass communities and evaluated how the metabolome of these soil solutions affected the growth, biomass allocation, and functional traits of a forb (Dianthus deltoides) and a grass species (Festuca rubra).Results showed that the metabolomes found in the soil solutions of forb and grass communities differed in composition and chemical diversity. While soil chemical legacies did not have any effect onF. rubra,root foraging byD. deltoidesdecreased when plants received the soil solution from a grass or a forb community. Structural equation modelling showed that reduced soil exploration byD. deltoidesarose via either a root growth-dependent pathway (forb metabolome) or a root trait-dependent pathway (grass metabolome). Reduced root foraging was not connected to a decrease in total N uptake. Our findings reveal that soil chemical legacies can create belowground priority effects by affecting root foraging in later arriving plants.

Coach developers provide education and support to coaches. Therefore, these individuals play an important role in coaching systems. However, the formal training of coach developers is a relatively new concept. Both practitioners and academics seem eager to understand how to effectively train these individuals. We had the opportunity to collect feedback from participants of an international coach developer training programme (CDTP). The primary purpose of this insights paper is to share this feedback and make recommendations for future CDTPs based on connections between participant feedback and relevant literature. A secondary purpose of this paper is to stimulate dialogue from programme participants and coordinators, who can offer additional insight regarding their experiences in CDTPs.

Luteolin belongs to the group of flavonoids and can be found in flowers, herbs, vegetables and spices. It plays an important role in defending plants, for example against UV radiation by partially absorbing UVA and UVB radiation. Thus, luteolin can also decrease adverse photobiological effects in the skin by acting as a first line of defense. Furthermore, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of luteolin were described on keratinocytes and fibroblasts as well as on several immune cells (e.g., macrophages, mast cell, neutrophils, dendritic cells and T cells). Luteolin can suppress proinflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-22, TNF-α and COX-2) and regulate various signaling pathway (e.g., the NF-κB, JAK-STAT as well as TLR signaling pathway). In this way, luteolin modulates many inflammatory processes of the skin. The present review summarizes the recent in vitro and in vivo research on luteolin in the field of skin aging and skin cancer, wound healing as well as inflammatory skin diseases, including psoriasis, contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. In conclusion, luteolin might be a promising molecule for the development of topic formulations and systemic agents against inflammatory skin diseases.

Background & aims The pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn’s disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis) involves dysregulated TH1 and TH17 cell responses, which can be targeted therapeutically by the monoclonal antibody Ustekinumab directed against the joint p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23. These cytokines may also regulate the differentiation of T follicular helper (TFH) cells, which promote B cell function in germinal centers. However, the role of TFH cells in CD pathogenesis and impact of Ustekinumab therapy on TFH cell fate in patients are poorly defined. Methods Lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood (n=45) and intestinal biopsies (n=15) of CD patients or healthy controls (n=21) and analyzed by flow cytometry to assess TFH cell phenotypes and functions ex vivo. In addition, TFH cell differentiation was analyzed in the presence of Ustekinumab in vitro. Results TFH cell frequencies in the intestine as well as peripheral blood were associated with endoscopic as well as biochemical evidence of CD activity. CD patients with clinical response to Ustekinumab, but not those with response to anti-TNF antibodies, displayed reduced frequencies of circulating TFH cells in a concentration-dependent manner while the TFH phenotype was not affected by Ustekinumab therapy. In keeping with this notion, TFH cell differentiation was inhibited by Ustekinumab in vitro while TFH cell maintenance was not affected. Moreover, Ustekinumab therapy resulted in reduced germinal center activity in CD patients in vivo. Conclusions These data implicate TFH cells in the pathogenesis of CD and indicate that Ustekinumab therapy affects TFH cell differentiation, which may influence TFH-mediated immune functions in UST-treated CD patients., Graphical abstract

The overly zinc sensitive Arabidopsis thaliana mutant ozs3 shows reduced growth of the primary root, which is exacerbated by an excess specifically of Zn ions. In addition, ozs3 plants display various subtle developmental phenotypes, such as longer petioles and early flowering. Also, ozs3 seedlings are completely but reversibly growth-arrested when shifted to 4°C. The causal mutation was mapped to a gene encoding a putative substrate-recognition receptor of cullin4 E3 ligases. OZS3 orthologous genes can be found in almost all eukaryotic genomes. Most species from Schizosaccharomyces pombe to Homo sapiens, and including A. thaliana, possess one ortholog. No functional data are available for these genes in any of the multicellular model systems. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout demonstrated that a complete loss of OZS3 function is embryo-lethal, indicating essentiality of OZS3 and its orthologs. The OZS3 protein interacts with the adaptor protein DAMAGED DNA BINDING1 (DDB1) in the nucleus. Thus, it is indeed a member of the large yet poorly characterized family of DDB1-cullin4 associated factors in plants. Mutant phenotypes of ozs3 plants are apparently caused by the weakened DDB1-OZS3 interaction as a result of the exchange of a conserved amino acid near the conserved WDxR motif.

Monoterpenoids are widely used in industrial applications, e.g. as active ingredients in pharmaceuticals, in flavor and fragrance compositions, and in agriculture. Severe toxic effects are known for some monoterpenoids making them challenging compounds for biotechnological production processes. Some strains of the bacterium Pseudomonas putida show an inherent extraordinarily high tolerance towards solvents including monoterpenoids. An understanding of the underlying factors can help to create suitable strains for monoterpenoids de novo production or conversion. In addition, knowledge about tolerance mechanisms could allow a deeper insight into how bacteria can oppose monoterpenoid containing drugs, like tea tree oil. Within this work, the resistance mechanisms of P. putida GS1 were investigated using selected monoterpenoid-hypertolerant mutants. Most of the mutations were found in efflux pump promoter regions or associated transcription factors. Surprisingly, while for the tested monoterpenoid alcohols, ketone, and ether high efflux pump expression increased monoterpenoid tolerance, it reduced the tolerance against geranic acid. However, an increase of geranic acid tolerance could be gained by a mutation in an efflux pump component. It was also found that increased monoterpenoid tolerance can counteract efficient biotransformation ability, indicating the need for a fine-tuned and knowledge-based tolerance improvement for production strain development.Key points• Altered monoterpenoid tolerance mainly related to altered activity of efflux pumps.• Increased tolerance to geranic acid surprisingly caused by decreased export activity.• Reduction of export activity can be beneficial for biotechnological conversions.

In den vergangenen Monaten seit dem Tod von Bhagwan Das, der am 18. November im Alter von 83 Jahren starb, sind viele Nachrufe erschienen, die seine bedeutende Leistung für die Dalit-Bewegung in Indien würdigen. Er war sicherlich eine der wichtigsten Persönlichkeiten der Dalit-Bewegung in Nordindien, und hat wesentlich dazu beigetragen, das Gedankengut Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkars zu verbreiten. Sein großes Verdienst besteht darin, dass er die Bewegung auch für diejenigen geöffnet hat, die selbst innerhalb der „unberührbaren“ Kasten ganz unten stehen: Latrinenreiniger und Straßenkehrer. Und er hat es verstanden, das Problem der „Unberührbarkeit“ schon frühzeitig zu internationalisieren, unter anderem durch sein Eintreten für die Burakumin in Japan, die ähnlich wie die Straßenkehrer und Latrinenreiniger in Indien als Bevölkerungsgruppe kollektiv diskriminiert werden., Südasien, Bd. 30/31 Nr. 4/1 2010/2011(2011): Erinnerung und Identität - 40 Jahre Bangladesch

The total synthesis of soraphen A, a myxobacterial metabolite and inhibitor of acetyl CoA carboxylase, was completed in 11 steps (longest linear sequence), less than half the steps previously required. Seven metal-catalyzed processes were deployed to unlock step-economy (comprising five asymmetric processes and four C-C bond formations). The present route does not utilize chiral auxiliaries, and four of five C-C bond formations exploit non-premetalated partners. To maximize convergency, an asymmetric Tsuji reduction was developed using a Pd-AntPhos catalyst that allows a metathesis-inactive allylic carbonate to serve as a masked terminal olefin, thereby enabling successive olefin metathesis events.

Die Grabdenkmäler auf dem im Jahre 1572 auf Kappler Gemarkung neu angelegten Bühler Friedhof sind nicht nur Zeugnisse frommen Gedenkens für die Verstorbenen, sondern haben auch seit langem als wertvolle steinerne Urkunden das Interesse der Historiker und Kunstgeschichtler geweckt. Im Jahre 1900 ließ der Mooser Pfarrer und Bühler Historiker Karl Reinfried im Acher- und Bühler Boten eine Artikelserie unter dem Titel „Der Bühler Friedhof und die Friedhofkapelle" in den Nummern 248-253 erscheinen. Fast ein Jahrhundert später im Jahre 1995 verfasste Sascha Falk im Auftrag des Stadtgeschichtlichen Instituts eine umfangreiche Bestandsaufnahme der kunsthistorisch bedeutsamen Zeugnisse: ,,Grab- und Gedenksteine des Bühler Friedhofs". Eine Dokumentation der Grabinschriften bis zum Jahr 1650 wird zur Zeit von der Inschriftenkommission der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften erstellt.

This preprint has not undergone peer review or any post-submission improvements or corrections. The Version of Record of this contribution is published in F. Luque-Schempp, L. Panizo, M. -d. -M. Gallardo, P. Merino and J. Rivas, "Toward Zero Touch Configuration of 5G Non-Public Networks for Time Sensitive Networking," in IEEE Network, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 50-56, March/April 2022, doi: 10.1109/MNET.006.2100442.mission improvements or corrections. The Version of Record of this contribution is published in The need to increase mobility and to remove cables in industrial environments is pushing 5G as a valuable communication system to connect traditional deterministic Ethernet-based devices. One alternative is the adoption of Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) standards over 5G Non-Public Networks (5G NPN) deployed in the company premises. This scenario presents several challenges, being the configuration of the 5G part the most relevant to provide latency, reliability and throughput balance suitable to ensure that all the TSN traffic can be delivered in time. Our research work addresses this problem from the perspective of the learning automata. Our aim is to learn from the live network to build a smart controller that can dynamically predict and apply a suitable configuration of the 5G NPN that can satisfy the requirements of the current TSN traffic. The article presents the main ideas of this novel approach. European Union Horizon 2020 under grant agreements No.101016608 (EVOLVED5G) and No.957317 (AFFORDABLE5G). Spanish Government grant agreement RTI-2018-099777-B-I00 (RFOG)