848 results on '"Schütz, Martin"'
Search Results
202. Transition strengths and first-order properties of excited states from local coupled cluster CC2 response theory with density fitting.
- Author
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Kats, Danylo, Korona, Tatiana, and Schütz, Martin
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HARTREE-Fock approximation ,APPROXIMATION theory ,ENERGY-band theory of solids ,WAVE functions ,NUCLEAR excitation - Abstract
A new ab initio method for calculating transition strengths and orbital-unrelaxed first-order properties of singlet ground and excited states of extended molecular systems is presented. It is based on coupled cluster response theory at the level of the CC2 model with local approximations introduced to the doubles-excitation part of the wave function. Density fitting is employed for the calculation of the electron repulsion integrals, so that—with the exception of doubles amplitudes—only three-indexed objects do occur in the formalism. The new method was tested by performing calculations for a set of various molecules and excited states and by comparing the results with corresponding canonical (nonlocal) calculations. It turned out that for calculating transition strengths and properties of excited states the ordinary Boughton-Pulay domains are insufficient in numerous cases. To circumvent this problem a new scheme for extending domains is proposed, which is based on the solution of the coupled perturbed localization and Hartree-Fock equations. When such extended domains are used, a satisfactory agreement between canonical and local results is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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203. Local CC2 electronic excitation energies for large molecules with density fitting.
- Author
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Kats, Danylo, Korona, Tatiana, and Schütz, Martin
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ELECTRONIC excitation ,MOLECULES ,MOLECULAR dynamics ,WAVE equation ,EXCITED state chemistry - Abstract
A new local method for the computation of electronic excitation energies of singlet states in extended molecular systems is presented. It is based on the CC2 model and local approximations to the wave functions. In the proposed method the singles excitations are treated nonlocally and local restrictions are imposed on doubles amplitudes only. The accuracy of the new method was tested by calculating several lowest excited states for 14 molecules and comparing them with canonical CC2 values. Deviations of the local excitation energies from the canonical reference values do not exceed 0.05 eV for all test molecules and all states in the lower energy range investigated in this work. The method uses the density-fitting approximation for all two-electron integrals, which considerably simplifies the computational complexity of the individual diagrams. A combination of the local approximations and the powerful density-fitting technique leads to a low-scaling method, capable to treat molecular systems comprised of 100 atoms and more in a basis of a polarized double zeta quality. A test calculation for a system consisting of 127 atoms and 370 active electrons without symmetry is presented to show the efficiency of the new method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
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204. Analytical energy gradients for local second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory using density fitting approximations.
- Author
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Schütz, Martin, Werner, Hans-Joachim, Lindh, Roland, and Manby, Frederick R.
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PERTURBATION theory , *MATHEMATICAL physics , *MICROCLUSTERS , *MICROPHYSICS , *ORGANIC compounds , *DENSITY - Abstract
An efficient method to compute analytical energy derivatives for local second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation energy is presented. Density fitting approximations are employed for all 4-index integrals and their derivatives. Using local fitting approximations, quadratic scaling with molecular size and cubic scaling with basis set size for a given molecule is achieved. The density fitting approximations have a negligible effect on the accuracy of optimized equilibrium structures or computed energy differences. The method can be applied to much larger molecules and basis sets than any previous second-order Møller–Plesset gradient program. The efficiency and accuracy of the method is demonstrated for a number of organic molecules as well as for molecular clusters. Examples of geometry optimizations for molecules with 100 atoms and over 2000 basis functions without symmetry are presented. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
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205. Force-constant weighted redundant coordinates in molecular geometry optimizations
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Lindh, Roland, Bernhardsson, Anders, and Schütz, Martin
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- 1999
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206. Comment on Worldwide evidence of a unimodal relationship between productivity and plant species richness
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Tredennick, Andrew T., Adler, Peter B., B.Grace, James, Stanley Harpole, W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Michael Anderson, T., Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Brown, Cynthia S., Buckley, Yvonne M., Chu, Chengjin, Collins, Scott L., Crawley, Michael J., Fay Jennifer Firn, Philip A., Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes M. H., Laungani, Ramesh, Lind, Eric M., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Orrock, John L., Peri, Pablo L., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Speziale, Karina L., Standish, Rachel J., Sullivan, Lauren L., Wardle, Glenda M., Williams, Ryan J., Yang, Louie H., and Ecology and Biodiversity
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sampling ,nonhuman ,priority journal ,effect size ,biomass production ,statistical model ,Taverne ,grassland ,species richness ,variance ,note ,regression analysis ,statistical significance - Abstract
Fraser et al. (Reports, 17 July 2015, p. 302) report a unimodal relationship between productivity and species richness at regional and global scales, which they contrast with the results of Adler et al. (Reports, 23 September 2011, p. 1750). However, both data sets, when analyzed correctly, show clearly and consistently that productivity is a poor predictor of local species richness.
- Published
- 2016
207. Periodic Local Møller-Plesset Perturbation Theory of Second Order for Solids
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Usvyat, Denis, primary, Maschio, Lorenzo, additional, and Schütz, Martin, additional
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- 2017
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208. A comparison between quantum chemistry and quantum Monte Carlo techniques for the adsorption of water on the (001) LiH surface
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Tsatsoulis, Theodoros, primary, Hummel, Felix, additional, Usvyat, Denis, additional, Schütz, Martin, additional, Booth, George H., additional, Binnie, Simon S., additional, Gillan, Michael J., additional, Alfè, Dario, additional, Michaelides, Angelos, additional, and Grüneis, Andreas, additional
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- 2017
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209. Exfoliation Energy of Black Phosphorus Revisited: A Coupled Cluster Benchmark
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Schütz, Martin, primary, Maschio, Lorenzo, additional, Karttunen, Antti J., additional, and Usvyat, Denis, additional
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- 2017
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210. Dispersion interactions in silicon allotropes
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Karttunen, Antti J., primary, Usvyat, Denis, additional, Schütz, Martin, additional, and Maschio, Lorenzo, additional
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- 2017
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211. First evidence that the sodium ecosystem respiration (SER) hypothesis may also hold for a coastal tropical rainforest
- Author
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Risch, Anita C., primary, Zimmermann, Stephan, additional, Ohashi, Mizue, additional, Finér, Leena, additional, Kho, Lip Khoon, additional, and Schütz, Martin, additional
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- 2016
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212. Description of the sexuales of Myzodium modestum (Hottes) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) discovered in the Swiss Alps
- Author
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HIDALGO, NICOLÁS PÉREZ, primary, VANDEGEHUCHTE, MARTIJN L., additional, SCHÜTZ, MARTIN, additional, and RISCH, ANITA C., additional
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- 2016
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213. Nutrient release from moose bioturbation in aquatic ecosystems
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Bump, Joseph K., primary, Bergman, Brenda G., additional, Schrank, Amy J., additional, Marcarelli, Amy M., additional, Kane, Evan S., additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, and Schütz, Martin, additional
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- 2016
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214. How to predict plant functional types using imaging spectroscopy: linking vegetation community traits, plant functional types and spectral response
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Schweiger, Anna K., primary, Schütz, Martin, additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Kneubühler, Mathias, additional, Haller, Rudolf, additional, and Schaepman, Michael E., additional
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- 2016
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215. Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) Peptide Activated Natural Killer (NK) Cells for the Treatment of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) after Radiochemotherapy (RCTx) – From Preclinical Studies to a Clinical Phase II Trial
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Specht, Hanno M., Ahrens, Norbert, Blankenstein, Christiane, Duell, Thomas, Fietkau, Rainer, Gaipl, Udo S., Günther, Christine, Gunther, Sophie, Habl, Gregor, Hautmann, Hubert, Hautmann, Matthias, Huber, Rudolf Maria, Molls, Michael, Offner, Robert, Rödel, Claus, Rödel, Franz, Schütz, Martin, Combs, Stephanie E., and Multhoff, Gabriele
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ddc - Published
- 2015
216. Quantum dots for quantum information processing: controlling and using their environment
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Schütz, Martin J. A.
- Subjects
quantum physics, implementation, quantum information, quantum dots, electron spins, nuclear spins, hyperfine, dissipative engineering, surface acoustic waves ,FOS: Physical sciences - Abstract
Electron spins confined in quantum dots (QDs) are among the leading contenders for implementing quantum information processing. In this Thesis we address two of the most significant technological challenges towards developing a scalable quantum information processor based on spins in quantum dots: (i) decoherence of the electronic spin qubit due to the surrounding nuclear spin bath, and (ii) long-range spin-spin coupling between remote qubits. To this end, we develop novel strategies that turn the unavoidable coupling to the solid-state environment (in particular, nuclear spins and phonons) into a valuable asset rather than a liability. In the first part of this Thesis, we investigate electron transport through single and double QDs, with the aim of harnessing the (dissipative) coupling to the electronic degrees of freedom for the creation of coherence in both the transient and steady-state behaviour of the ambient nuclear spins. First, we theoretically show that intriguing features of coherent many-body physics can be observed in electron transport through a single QD. To this end, we first develop a master-equation-based formalism for electron transport in the Coulomb-blockade regime assisted by hyperfine (HF) interaction with the nuclear spin ensemble in the QD. This general tool is then used to study the leakage current through a single QD in a transport setting. When starting from an initially uncorrelated, highly polarized state, the nuclear system experiences a strong correlation buildup, due to the collective nature of the coupling to the central electron spin. We demonstrate that this results in a sudden intensity burst in the electronic tunneling current emitted from the QD system, which exceeds the maximal current of a corresponding classical system by several orders of magnitude. This gives rise to the new paradigm of electronic superradiance. Second, building upon the insight that the nuclear spin dynamics are governed by collective interactions giving rise to coherent effects such as superradiance, we propose a scheme for the deterministic generation of steady-state entanglement between the two nuclear spin ensembles in an electrically defined double quantum dot. Because of quantum interference in the collective coupling to the electronic degrees of freedom, the nuclear system is actively driven into a two-mode squeezedlike target state. The entanglement buildup is accompanied by a self-polarization of the nuclear spins towards large Overhauser field gradients. Moreover, the feedback between the electronic and nuclear dynamics is shown to lead to intriguing effects such as multistability and criticality in the steady-state solutions. In the second part of this Thesis, our focus turns towards the realization of long-range spin-spin coupling between remote qubits. We propose a universal, on-chip quantum transducer based on surface acoustic waves in piezo-active materials. Because of the intrinsic piezoelectric (and/or magnetostrictive) properties of the material, our approach provides a universal platform capable of coherently linking a broad array of qubits, including quantum dots, trapped ions, nitrogen-vacancy centers or superconducting qubits. The quantized modes of surface acoustic waves lie in the gigahertz range, can be strongly confined close to the surface in phononic cavities and guided in acoustic waveguides. We show that this type of surface acoustic excitations can be utilized efficiently as a quantum bus, serving as an on-chip, mechanical cavity-QED equivalent of microwave photons and enabling long-range coupling of a wide range of qubits. In summary, this thesis provides contributions towards developing a scalable quantum information processor based on spins in quantum dots in two different aspects. The first part is dedicated to a deeper understanding of the nuclear spin dynamics in quantum dots. In the second part we put forward a novel sound-based strategy to realize long-range spin-spin coupling between remote qubits. This completes a broad picture of spin-based quantum information processing which integrates different perspectives, ranging from the single-qubit level to a broader quantum network level., Elektronenspins in Quantenpunkten gehören zu den vielversprechendsten Ansätzen für die erfolgreiche Implementierung von Quanteninformationsverarbeitung. Diese Arbeit behandelt zwei der größten Herausforderungen für die Entwicklung eines skalierbaren Quanteninformationsprozessors auf Basis von Spins in Quantenpunkten: (i) die Kontrolle der Dekohärenz des elektronischen Spins aufgrund der Wechselwirkung mit dem umliegenden Kernspin-Bad, und (ii) die Realisierung einer langreichweitigen Spin-Spin Kopplung zwischen entfernt liegenden Qubits. Zu diesem Zweck entwickeln wir neue Strategien, die die unvermeidliche Kopplung an die Festkörperumgebung (insbesondere Kernspins und Phononen) zu ihrem Vorteil ausnutzen. Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir den Elektronentransport durch Einzel- und Doppel-Quantenpunkte, mit dem Ziel die dissipative Kopplung an die elektronischen Freiheitsgrade zur Erzeugung von kohärenter Kernspindynamik auszunutzen. Dies gilt sowohl für das kurzfristige wie auch das langfristige Verhalten der Kernspins. Zunächst zeigen wir theoretisch, dass faszinierende Eigenschaften kohärenter Vielteilchenphysik im Elektronen-transport durch einen einzelnen Quantenpunkt beobachtet werden können. Dazu entwickeln wir zunächst einen auf Master-Gleichungen basierenden Formalismus für den Elektronentransport im Coulomb-Blockade Regime, der die Hyperfeinwechselwirkung mit dem Kernspin-Ensemble im Quantenpunkt berücksichtigt. Dieses allgemeine theoretische Werkzeug wird anschließend verwendet, um den Strom durch einen einzelnen Quantenpunkt in einem Transportszenario zu studieren. Sind die Kernspins anfänglich in einem unkorrelierten, hoch polarisierten Zustand, so bauen sich aufgrund der kollektiven Wechselwirkung mit dem zentralen Elektronenspin starke Korrelationen zwischen den Kernspins auf. Wir zeigen, dass dies zu einem plötzlichen, starken Anstieg im Tunnelstrom durch den Quantenpunkt führt, welcher den maximalen Strom in einem analogen klassischen System um mehrere Größenordnungen übersteigt. Dieses Verhalten begründet das neue Paradigma von elektronischer Superradianz. Ausgehend von der Einsicht, dass die Kernspindynamik von kollektiven Wechselwirkungen bestimmt wird, welche wiederum zu kohärenten Effekten wie Superradianz führen können, schlagen wir im nächsten Schritt ein Modell zur deterministischen Verschränkungserzeugung zwischen den beiden Kernspinensembles in einem elektrisch definierten Doppelquantenpunkt vor. Aufgrund von Quanteninterferenz in der kollektiven Kopplung an die elektronischen Freiheitsgrade wird das Kernspinsystem aktiv in einen gequetschten zwei-Moden Zustand gepumpt. Der Aufbau von Verschränkung wird durch einen Polarisationsprozess der Kernspins hin zu großen Overhauser-Feldern begleitet. Darüber hinaus wird gezeigt, dass die Rückkopplung zwischen elektronischen und Kernspin-Freiheitsgraden zu interessanten Effekten wie zum Beispiel Multistabilität und kritischem Verhalten in den stationären Lösungen führt. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wenden wir uns der langreichweitigen Spin-Spin Kopplung zwischen entfernt liegenden Qubits zu. Dazu schlagen wir einen universellen Quanten-Transducer vor, der auf akustischen Oberflächenwellen in piezo-aktiven Materialen beruht und direkt auf Chips aufgebracht werden kann. Aufgrund der piezo-elektrischen (und/oder magnetostriktiven) Eigenschaften des Materials bietet unser Ansatz eine universelle Platform für eine ganze Reihe von Qubits; dazu gehören Quantenpunkte, Ionen, Stickstoff-Fehlstellen-Zentren (NV-Zentren) oder auch supraleitende Qubits. Die quantisierten Moden der akustischen Oberflächenwellen haben typische Frequenzen im Gigahertz-Bereich, können stark in der Nähe der Oberfläche in phononischen Resonatoren lokalisiert werden und entlang akustischer Wellenleiter geleitet werden. Wir zeigen, dass diese Art der akustischen Oberflächenanregung effizient als Quanten-Bus verwendet werden kann, der als mechanisches Analogon zu Mikrowellen-Photonen in der Resonator-Quanten-Elektrodynamik fungiert und langreichweitige Kopplung zwischen entfernt liegenden Qubits ermöglicht. Zusammenfassend liefert diese Arbeit einen Beitrag zur Entwicklung eines skalierbaren, auf Spins in Quantenpunkten beruhenden Quanteninformationsprozessors aus zwei verschiedenen Perspektiven. Der erste Teil widmet sich eines tiefgehenderen Verständnisses der Kernspin-dynamik in Quantenpunkten. Im zweiten Teil schlagen wir eine neue, auf Schall basierende Strategie zur Erzeugung von langreichweitiger Spin-Spin Kopplung zwischen entfernt liegenden Qubits vor. Dies vervollständigt ein breites Bild von Spin-basierter Quanteninformationsverarbeitung, welches verschiedene Perspektiven vereinigt, von der Ebene einzelner Qubits bis hinzu einer umfassenderen Ebene eines Quanten-Netzwerks.
- Published
- 2015
217. Design of processes of business department in IT company and measuring their performance
- Author
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Schütz, Martin, Oškrdal, Václav, and Bruckner, Tomáš
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process design ,process analalysis ,measuring of performance ,process ,goals setting ,analýza procesů ,IT company management ,manažerská psychologie a sociologie ,řízení IT organizace ,proces ,stanovení cílů ,managerial psychology and sociology ,business department ,obchodní oddělení ,KPIs ,návrh procesů ,měření výkonnosti - Abstract
The thesis deals with design of new processes of business department in IT company which provides server hosting, web hosting and domain registration services. These processes come from identification and analysis of current processes and the theory of business department management. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) were set for selected processes which can be used for managing the company as a whole. Models of processes were created due to EPC notation. New processes were designed to continuously create data in CRM information system providing evidential and information support necessary for business department management, including the possibility of measuring its performance. Processes also automatize often repetitive activities and provide relevant information to other affected business units within the company. Contribution of the thesis lies in results of analysis of current identified processes containing solution proposals of discovered problems and newly created process models. Both can be used as a pattern for optimization of current processes in already existing organization or for designing new process models in new organization in the same or similar field of business.
- Published
- 2015
218. Does topsoil removal in grassland restoration benefit both soil nematode and plant communities?
- Author
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Li, Jin‐Tian, Resch, Monika Carol, Schütz, Martin, Risch, Anita C., Graf, Ulrich, Wagenaar, Roel, and Putten, Wim H.
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GRASSLAND restoration ,TOPSOIL ,PLANT communities ,PLANT-soil relationships ,NEMATODE-plant relationships ,SOIL conservation - Abstract
Successful restoration of semi‐natural grasslands on grasslands previously subject to intensive management needs to overcome manifold barriers. These include high soil fertility, the dominance of a few fast‐growing plant species, degraded soil faunal communities and missing propagules of the targeted above‐ and below‐ground flora and fauna. A combination of removing the topsoil and introducing propagules of target plants has become one of the major tools for nature conservation agencies and practitioners to reduce soil fertility and restore former species‐rich grasslands in various European countries.Using topsoil removal as a restoration measure has provoked an ongoing debate between supporting nature conservation and rejecting soil protection agencies. Although it favours species‐rich plant communities, it strongly disturbs soil communities and affects physical and chemical soil properties and processes. Currently, there is a lack of long‐term data to assess how restored grassland ecosystems develop and recover after topsoil removal. Here, we used two well‐established bioindicators, soil nematodes and plants, to quantify restoration success of topsoil removal in comparison with alternative restoration measures and target communities 22 years after intervention.The nematode community composition indicated reduced nutrient availability in the restored systems, as was aimed at by topsoil removal. Nevertheless, after this 22‐year period following topsoil removal, nematode composition and structure revealed successful recovery.Plant communities benefitted from the reduction of soil nutrients after topsoil removal as indicated by higher numbers of plant species and higher Shannon diversity. Furthermore, topsoil removal strongly promoted the re‐establishment of plant species of the target plant community.Synthesis and applications. Overall, our study demonstrates how a massive intervention by topsoil removal proved successful in converting intensively managed into species‐rich grasslands. This contrasts with the mild intervention of repeated mowing and removing of the harvested plant material. We show that, in the long run, potential negative effects of topsoil removal on the soil fauna can be successfully overcome and plant communities can develop into targeted species‐rich grassland. Overall, our study demonstrates how a massive intervention by topsoil removal proved successful in converting intensively managed into species‐rich grasslands. This contrasts with the mild intervention of repeated mowing and removing of the harvested plant material. We show that, in the long run, potential negative effects of topsoil removal on the soil fauna can be successfully overcome and plant communities can develop into targeted species‐rich grassland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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219. The molecular and electronic structure of s-tetrazine in the ground and first excited state: A theoretical investigation.
- Author
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Schütz, Martin, Hutter, Jürg, and Lüthi, Hans Peter
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- *
ELECTRONIC structure , *TETRAZINE , *PERTURBATION theory , *MOLECULAR structure , *ANISOTROPY - Abstract
The ground- and first excited state of s-tetrazine arising from a π*←n excitation (1Ag,1B3u) have been studied using the complete active space (CASSCF) and the second order multiconfiguration perturbation theory (CASPT2) ab initio methods. The focus of this study is on the effect of the electronic excitation on the molecular structure and on those electronic properties which are important to model the solvatochromatic behavior of the molecule in polymer matrices as used in permanent hole burning experiments. Since the accurate computation of excited state molecular properties represents a major challenge for today’s numerical quantum chemistry, some technical aspects are also considered. The present study shows that the change in geometry upon electronic excitation is small. This is in partial contradiction with the experimental studies which however disagree among themselves [see K. K. Innes, I. G. Ross, and W. R. Moomaw, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 132, 492 (1988), and R. E. Smalley, L. Wharton, and D. H. Levi, ibid. 66, 375 (1977)]. This study also confirms that the first excited state equilibrium structure is of D2h symmetry. In an earlier theoretical study it was found that the D2h symmetry structure may represent a saddle point rather than a minimum on the excited state potential surface [see A. C. Scheiner and H. F. Schaefer III, J. Chem. Phys. 87, 3539 (1987)]. In the first excited state, we observe an increase of the mean polarizability of s-tetrazine along with an enhanced anisotropy. The change in the polarizability is almost exclusively in the ‘‘in-plane’’ components of the tensor; the polarizability in the vertical direction is nearly unchanged. This observation questions recent experimental results reported for this molecule [see S. Heitz, D. Weidnauer, and A. Hese, J. Chem. Phys. 95, 7952 (1991)]. © 1995 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1995
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220. Intermolecular vibrations of phenol·(H2O)3 and d1-phenol·(D2O)3 in the S0 and S1 states.
- Author
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Bürgi, Thomas, Schütz, Martin, and Leutwyler, Samuel
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- *
PHENOL , *IONIZATION (Atomic physics) , *PHOTONS , *TIME-of-flight mass spectrometry , *FLUORESCENCE spectroscopy - Abstract
We report a combined spectroscopic and theoretical investigation of the intermolecular vibrations of supersonic jet-cooled phenol·(H2O)3 and d1-phenol·(D2O)3 in the S0 and S1 electronic states. Two-color resonant two-photon ionization combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry and dispersed fluorescence emission spectroscopy provided mass-selective vibronic spectra of both isotopomers in both electronic states. In the S0 state, eleven low-frequency intermolecular modes were observed for phenol·(H2O)3, and seven for the D isotopomer. For the S1 state, several intermolecular vibrational excitations were observed in addition to those previously reported. Ab initio calculations of the cyclic homodromic isomer of phenol·(H2O)3 were performed at the Hartree–Fock level. Calculations for the eight possible conformers differing in the position of the ‘‘free’’ O–H bonds with respect to the almost planar H-bonded ring predict that the ‘‘up–down–up–down’’ conformer is differentially most stable. The calculated structure, rotational constants, normal-mode eigenvectors, and harmonic frequencies are reported. Combination of theory and experiment allowed an analysis and interpretation of the experimental S0 state vibrational frequencies and isotope shifts. © 1995 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1995
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221. Low-lying stationary points and torsional interconversions of cyclic (H2O)4: An ab initio study.
- Author
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Schütz, Martin, Klopper, Wim, Lüthi, Hans-Peter, and Leutwyler, Samuel
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- *
POTENTIAL energy surfaces , *CLUSTER theory (Nuclear physics) , *EIGENVECTORS - Abstract
The global and local minima, stationary points, and torsional rearrangement processes of cyclic homodromic (H2O)4 were studied on its four-dimensional torsional intermolecular potential energy surface. Eight different energetically low-lying torsional stationary point structures were found by ab initio theory, and fully structure-optimized at the second-order Mo\ller–Plesset level, using large basis sets. Second-order energies close to the one-particle basis set limit were obtained at these geometries using the explicitly correlated Mo\ller–Plesset method. The effects of higher-order correlation energy terms were investigated by coupled cluster theory, and terms beyond second order were found to cancel in good approximation. The S4 symmetric global minimum has a square and almost planar O...O...O...O arrangement with free O–H bonds alternating ‘‘up’’ and ‘‘down’’ relative to this plane, with two isometric versions of this structure. Another torsional conformer with two neighboring up O–H bonds followed by two neighboring down O–H bonds is a local minimum, 0.93 kcal/mol above the global minimum. The four versions of this structure are connected to the global minima via two distinct but almost degenerate first-order torsional saddle points, which occur as two sets of eight isometric versions each, both about 1.24 kcal/mol above the global minimum. Yet another set of eight second-order saddle points lies at 1.38 kcal/mol. The structure with three O–H bonds up and one down is not a stationary point, while the structure with all four O–H bonds on the same side of the plane is a first-order saddle point.The fully planar C4h symmetric structure is a fourth-order stationary point 2.8 kcal/mol above the minimum. The torsional interconversion paths between this multitude of points are complex, and are discussed in three-dimensional spaces of symmetry-adapted... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1995
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222. An ab initio derived torsional potential energy surface for (H2O)3. II. Benchmark studies and interaction energies.
- Author
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Klopper, Wim, Schütz, Martin, Lüthi, Hans P., and Leutwyler, Samuel
- Subjects
- *
POTENTIAL energy surfaces , *PERTURBATION theory - Abstract
A torsional potential energy surface for the cyclic water trimer was calculated at the level of second-order Mo\ller–Plesset perturbation theory. For the construction of this ab initio surface, the first-order wave function was expanded in a many-electron basis which linearly depends on the interelectronic coordinates r12. The one-electron basis of Gaussian orbitals was calibrated on the water monomer and dimer to ensure that the ab initio surface computed represents the (near- ) basis set limit for the level of theory applied. The positions of the free O—H bonds are described by three torsional angles. The respective three-dimensional torsional space was investigated by 70 counterpoise corrected single-point calculations for various values of these angles, providing a grid to fit an analytical representation of the potential energy surface. The four symmetry unique stationary points previously found at the Hartree–Fock and conventional Mo\ller–Plesset levels [Schütz et al., J. Chem. Phys. 99, 5228 (1993)] were studied in detail: Relative energies of the structures were calculated by applying second-order Mo\ller–Plesset and coupled cluster methods; harmonic vibrational frequencies were calculated at the second-order Mo\ller–Plesset level with a 6-311++G(d,p) basis set at these stationary points. It is expected that the present torsional potential energy surface for the water trimer will play an important role in the understanding of the vibrational transitions observed by far-infrared vibration–rotation–tunneling spectroscopy in terms of a nearly free pseudorotational interconversion on a cyclic vibrational–tunneling path. © 1995 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1995
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223. Fluxionality and low-lying transition structures of the water trimer.
- Author
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Schütz, Martin, Bürgi, Thomas, Leutwyler, Samuel, and Bürgi, Hans Beat
- Subjects
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HARTREE-Fock approximation , *MOLECULAR orbitals , *HYDROGEN bonding - Abstract
The minimum energy structure of the cyclic water trimer, its stationary points, and rearrangement processes at energies <1 kcal/mol above the global minimum are examined by ab initio molecular orbital theory. Structures corresponding to stationary points are fully optimized at the Hartree–Fock and second-order Mo\ller–Plesset levels, using the 6-311++G(d,p) basis; each stationary point is characterized by harmonic vibrational analyses. The lowest energy conformation has two free O–H bonds on one and the third O–H bond on the other side of an approximately equilateral hydrogen-bonded O...O...O (O3) triangle. The lowest energy rearrangement pathway corresponds to the flipping of one of the two free O–H bonds which are on the same side of the plane across this plane via a transition structure with this O–H bond almost within the O3 plane. Six distinguishable, but isometric transition structures of this type connect six isometric minimum energy structures along a cyclic vibrational-tunneling path; neighboring minima correspond to enantiomers. The potential energy along this path has C6 symmetry and a very low barrier V6=0.1±0.1 kcal/mol. This implies nearly free pseudorotational interconversion of the six equilibrium structures. The corresponding anharmonic level structure was modeled using an internal rotation Hamiltonian. Two further low-energy saddle points on the surface are of second and third order; they correspond to crown-type and planar geometries with C3 and C3h symmetries, respectively. Interconversion tunneling vibrations via these stationary points are also important for the water trimer dynamics. A unified and symmetry-adapted description of the intermolecular potential energy surface is given in terms of the three flipping coordinates of the O–H bonds. Implications of these results for the interpretation of spectroscopic data are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1993
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224. Intermolecular bonding and vibrations of 2-naphthol·H2O (D2O).
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Schütz, Martin, Bürgi, Thomas, Leutwyler, Samuel, and Fischer, Thomas
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CHEMICAL bonds , *NAPHTHALENE , *HYDROGEN - Abstract
A combined experimental and theoretical study of the 2-naphthol·H2O/D2O system was performed. Two different rotamers of 2-naphthol (2-hydroxynaphthalene, 2HN) exist with the O–H bond in cis- and trans-position relative to the naphthalene frame. Using Hartree–Fock (HF) calculations with the 6-31G(d,p) basis set, fully energy-minimized geometries were computed for both cis- and trans-2HN·H2O of (a) the equilibrium structures with trans-linear H-bond arrangement and Cs symmetry and (b) the lowest-energy transition states for H atom exchange on the H2O subunit, which have a nonplanar C1 symmetry. Both equilibrium and transition state structures are similar to the corresponding phenol·H2O geometries. The H-bond stabilization energies with zero point energy corrections included are ≊5.7 kcal/mol for both rotamers, ≊2.3 kcal/mol stronger than for the water dimer, and correspond closely to the binding energy calculated for phenol·H2O at the same level of theory. Extension of the aromatic π-system therefore hardly affects the H-bonding conditions. The barrier height to internal rotation around the H-bond only amounts to 0.5 kcal/mol. Harmonic vibrational analysis was carried out at these stationary points on the HF/6-31G(d,p) potential energy surface with focus on the six intermolecular modes. The potential energy distributions and M-matrices reflect considerable mode scrambling for the deuterated isotopomers. For the a’ intermolecular modes anharmonic corrections to the harmonic frequencies were evaluated. The β2 wag mode shows the largest anharmonic contributions. For the torsional mode τ (H2O H-atom exchange coordinate) the vibrational level structure in an appropriate periodic potential was calculated. On the experimental side resonant-two-photon ionization and dispersed fluorescence emission spectra of 2HN·H2O and d-2HN·D2O were measured. A detailed assignment of the bands in... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1993
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225. Intermolecular bonding and vibrations of phenol·H2O (D2O).
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Schütz, Martin, Bürgi, Thomas, Leutwyler, Samuel, and Fischer, Thomas
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PHENOL , *HARTREE-Fock approximation , *MOLECULAR rotation - Abstract
Extensive ab initio calculations of the phenol·H2O complex were performed at the Hartree–Fock level, using the 6-31G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets. Fully energy-minimized geometries were obtained for (a) the equilibrium structure, which has a translinear H bond and the H2O plane orthogonal to the phenol plane, similar to (H2O)2; (b) the lowest-energy transition state structure, which is nonplanar (C1 symmetry) and has the H2O moiety rotated by ±90°. The calculated MP2/6-311G++(d,p) binding energy including basis set superposition error corrections is 6.08 kcal/mol; the barrier for internal rotation around the H bond is only 0.4 kcal/mol. Intra- and intermolecular harmonic vibrational frequencies were calculated for a number of different isotopomers of phenol·H2O. Anharmonic intermolecular vibrational frequencies were computed for several intermolecular vibrations; anharmonic corrections are very large for the β2 intermolecular wag. Furthermore, the H2O torsion τ around the H-bond axis, and the β2 mode are strongly anharmonically coupled, and a two-dimensional τ/β2 potential energy surface was explored. The role of tunneling splitting due to the torsional mode is discussed and tunnel splittings are estimated for the calculated range of barriers. The theoretical studies were complemented by a detailed spectroscopic study of h-phenol·H2O and d-phenol·D2O employing two-color resonance-two-photon ionization and dispersed fluorescence emission techniques, which extends earlier spectroscopic studies of this system. The β1 and β2 wags of both isotopomers in the S0 and S1 electronic states are newly assigned, as well as several other weaker transitions. Tunneling splittings due to the torsional mode may be important in the S0 state in conjunction with the excitation of the intermolecular σ and β2 modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1993
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226. An Antiherpesviral Host-Directed Strategy Based on CDK7 Covalently Binding Drugs: Target-Selective, Picomolar-Dose, Cross-Virus Reactivity.
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Yu, DongHoon, Wagner, Sabrina, Schütz, Martin, Jeon, Yeejin, Seo, Mooyoung, Kim, Jaeseung, Brückner, Nadine, Kicuntod, Jintawee, Tillmanns, Julia, Wangen, Christina, Hahn, Friedrich, Kaufer, Benedikt B., Neipel, Frank, Eickhoff, Jan, Klebl, Bert, Nam, Kiyean, and Marschall, Manfred
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HERPESVIRUSES , *DRUG synergism , *HIV , *PROTEIN kinases , *HUMAN cytomegalovirus , *BIOMARKERS - Abstract
The repertoire of currently available antiviral drugs spans therapeutic applications against a number of important human pathogens distributed worldwide. These include cases of the pandemic severe acute respiratory coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1 or AIDS), and the pregnancy- and posttransplant-relevant human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). In almost all cases, approved therapies are based on direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), but their benefit, particularly in long-term applications, is often limited by the induction of viral drug resistance or side effects. These issues might be addressed by the additional use of host-directed antivirals (HDAs). As a strong input from long-term experiences with cancer therapies, host protein kinases may serve as HDA targets of mechanistically new antiviral drugs. The study demonstrates such a novel antiviral strategy by targeting the major virus-supportive host kinase CDK7. Importantly, this strategy focuses on highly selective, 3D structure-derived CDK7 inhibitors carrying a warhead moiety that mediates covalent target binding. In summary, the main experimental findings of this study are as follows: (1) the in vitro verification of CDK7 inhibition and selectivity that confirms the warhead covalent-binding principle (by CDK-specific kinase assays), (2) the highly pronounced antiviral efficacies of the hit compounds (in cultured cell-based infection models) with half-maximal effective concentrations that reach down to picomolar levels, (3) a particularly strong potency of compounds against strains and reporter-expressing recombinants of HCMV (using infection assays in primary human fibroblasts), (4) additional activity against further herpesviruses such as animal CMVs and VZV, (5) unique mechanistic properties that include an immediate block of HCMV replication directed early (determined by Western blot detection of viral marker proteins), (6) a substantial drug synergism in combination with MBV (measured by a Loewe additivity fixed-dose assay), and (7) a strong sensitivity of clinically relevant HCMV mutants carrying MBV or ganciclovir resistance markers. Combined, the data highlight the huge developmental potential of this host-directed antiviral targeting concept utilizing covalently binding CDK7 inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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227. Cratschla Oldies - oder doch nicht? : Huftiere, Vegetationsdynamik und botanische Vielfalt im Nationalpark
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Wildi, Otto, Krüsi, Bertil O., and Schütz, Martin
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- 2014
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228. Fragment-Based Direct-Local-Ring-Coupled-Cluster Doubles Treatment Embedded in the Periodic Hartree–Fock Solution
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Masur, Oliver, primary, Schütz, Martin, additional, Maschio, Lorenzo, additional, and Usvyat, Denis, additional
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- 2016
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229. Aboveground mammal and invertebrate exclusions cause consistent changes in soil food webs of two subalpine grassland types, but mechanisms are system‐specific
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Vandegehuchte, Martijn L., primary, Putten, Wim H., additional, Duyts, Henk, additional, Schütz, Martin, additional, and Risch, Anita C., additional
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- 2016
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230. Comment on “Worldwide evidence of a unimodal relationship between productivity and plant species richness”
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Tredennick, Andrew T., primary, Adler, Peter B., additional, Grace, James B., additional, Harpole, W. Stanley, additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Anderson, T. Michael, additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Biederman, Lori A., additional, Brown, Cynthia S., additional, Buckley, Yvonne M., additional, Chu, Chengjin, additional, Collins, Scott L., additional, Crawley, Michael J., additional, Fay, Philip A., additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Gruner, Daniel S., additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Hector, Andy, additional, Hillebrand, Helmut, additional, Kirkman, Kevin, additional, Knops, Johannes M. H., additional, Laungani, Ramesh, additional, Lind, Eric M., additional, MacDougall, Andrew S., additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Mitchell, Charles E., additional, Moore, Joslin L, additional, Morgan, John W., additional, Orrock, John L., additional, Peri, Pablo L., additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Schütz, Martin, additional, Speziale, Karina L., additional, Standish, Rachel J., additional, Sullivan, Lauren L., additional, Wardle, Glenda M., additional, Williams, Ryan J., additional, and Yang, Louie H., additional
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- 2016
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231. Prediction of the Enhanced Out-of-Plane Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Fiber Composites Produced by VARTM
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Schuster, Jens, primary, Schütz, Martin, additional, Lutz, Johannes, additional, and Lempert, Laura, additional
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- 2016
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232. Universal Quantum Transducers Based on Surface Acoustic Waves.
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Schütz, Martin J. A.
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- 2017
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233. Nuclear Spin Dynamics in Double Quantum Dots: Multi-stability, Dynamical Polarization, Criticality and Entanglement.
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Schütz, Martin J. A.
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- 2017
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234. Superradiance-like Electron Transport Through a Quantum Dot.
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Schütz, Martin J. A.
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- 2017
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235. Introduction.
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Schütz, Martin J. A.
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- 2017
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236. FrontMatter.
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Schütz, Martin J. A.
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- 2017
237. Toward an Accurate Estimate of the Exfoliation Energy of Black Phosphorus: A Periodic Quantum Chemical Approach
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Sansone, Giuseppe, primary, Maschio, Lorenzo, additional, Usvyat, Denis, additional, Schütz, Martin, additional, and Karttunen, Antti, additional
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- 2015
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238. Aboveground vertebrate and invertebrate herbivore impact on net N mineralization in subalpine grasslands
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Risch, Anita C., primary, Schütz, Martin, additional, Vandegehuchte, Martijn L., additional, van der Putten, Wim H., additional, Duyts, Henk, additional, Raschein, Ursina, additional, Gwiazdowicz, Dariusz J., additional, Busse, Matt D., additional, Page-Dumroese, Deborah S., additional, and Zimmermann, Stephan, additional
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- 2015
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239. Influence of migratory ungulate management on competitive interactions with resident species in a protected area
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Anderwald, Pia, primary, Herfindal, Ivar, additional, Haller, Rudolf M., additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Schütz, Martin, additional, Schweiger, Anna K., additional, and Filli, Flurin, additional
- Published
- 2015
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240. Herbivory and eutrophication mediate grassland plant nutrient responses across a global climatic gradient.
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Anderson, T. Michael, Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W. Stanley, MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Sankaran, Mahesh, Griffith, Daniel M., Stevens, Carly J., Grace, James B., Lind, Eric M., Seabloom, Eric W., Sullivan, Lauren L., Wragg, Peter D., Borer, Elizabeth T., Adler, Peter B., Biederman, Lori A., and Blumenthal, Dana M.
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HERBIVORES ,EUTROPHICATION ,GRASSLANDS ,ECOLOGY - Abstract
Abstract: Plant stoichiometry, the relative concentration of elements, is a key regulator of ecosystem functioning and is also being altered by human activities. In this paper we sought to understand the global drivers of plant stoichiometry and compare the relative contribution of climatic vs. anthropogenic effects. We addressed this goal by measuring plant elemental (C, N, P and K) responses to eutrophication and vertebrate herbivore exclusion at eighteen sites on six continents. Across sites, climate and atmospheric N deposition emerged as strong predictors of plot‐level tissue nutrients, mediated by biomass and plant chemistry. Within sites, fertilization increased total plant nutrient pools, but results were contingent on soil fertility and the proportion of grass biomass relative to other functional types. Total plant nutrient pools diverged strongly in response to herbivore exclusion when fertilized; responses were largest in ungrazed plots at low rainfall, whereas herbivore grazing dampened the plant community nutrient responses to fertilization. Our study highlights (1) the importance of climate in determining plant nutrient concentrations mediated through effects on plant biomass, (2) that eutrophication affects grassland nutrient pools via both soil and atmospheric pathways and (3) that interactions among soils, herbivores and eutrophication drive plant nutrient responses at small scales, especially at water‐limited sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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241. Range dynamics of mountain plants decrease with elevation.
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Rumpf, Sabine B., Klonner, Günther, Moser, Dietmar, Wessely, Johannes, Dullinger, Stefan, Hülber, Karl, Willner, Wesselya,, Schütz, Martin, and Zimmermann, Niklaus E.
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MOUNTAIN plants ,ALTITUDES ,RANGE plants ,PLANT species - Abstract
Many studies report that mountain plant species are shifting upward in elevation. However, the majority of these reports focus on shifts of upper limits. Here, we expand the focus and simultaneously analyze changes of both range limits, optima, and abundances of 183 mountain plant species. We therefore resurveyed 1,576 vegetation plots first recorded before 1970 in the European Alps. We found that both range limits and optima shifted upward in elevation, but the most pronounced trend was a mean increase in species abundance. Despite huge species-specific variation, range dynamics showed a consistent trend along the elevational gradient: Both range limits and optima shifted upslope faster the lower they were situated historically, and specie's abundance increased more for species from lower elevations. Traits affecting the specie's dispersal and persistence capacity were not related to their range dynamics. Using indicator values to stratify species by their thermal and nutrient demands revealed that elevational ranges of thermophilic species tended to expand, while those of cold-adapted species tended to contract. Abundance increases were strongest for nutriphilous species. These results suggest that recent climate warming interacted with airborne nitrogen deposition in driving the observed dynamics. So far, the majority of species appear as "winners" of recent changes, yet "losers" are overrepresented among high-elevation, coldadapted species with low nutrient demands. In the decades to come, high-alpine species may hence face the double pressure of climatic changes and novel, superior competitors that move up faster than they themselves can escape to even higher elevations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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242. Mammalian herbivores affect leafhoppers associated with specific plant functional types at different timescales.
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Vandegehuchte, Martijn L., Trivellone, Valeria, Schütz, Martin, Firn, Jennifer, de Schaetzen, Frederic, and Risch, Anita C.
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HERBIVORES ,LEAFHOPPERS ,PLANT adaptation ,BIOLOGICAL extinction ,FOOD chains ,MOUNTAIN plants - Abstract
Abstract: Theory predicts that mammalian herbivores affect the quantity and quality of plants on which they preferentially feed in the short term. In the longer term, they can promote either preferred or less preferred plants, depending on whether preferred plants are adapted or sensitive to grazing. Less clear are the short‐ and long‐term responses of herbivorous insects to mammalian herbivory, and how these responses depend on the specific plants or plant functional types on which the insects feed. We progressively excluded large, medium and small mammals for five growing seasons in two subalpine vegetation types with long‐term differences in mammalian grazing intensity. Short‐grass vegetation has a history of intensive grazing, while tall‐grass vegetation has been grazed less intensively. We tested whether mammals altered the abundance and body size of leafhoppers specialized on specific plant functional types (grasses, sedges, forbs, or legumes/forbs), distinguishing between short‐term (exclosures) and long‐term (vegetation types) differences in mammalian grazing pressure. Furthermore, we assessed whether leafhoppers’ responses were explained by changes in biomass or quality of the plant functional types on which they feed. In the short term, mammal exclosures increased the abundance of grass‐ and forb‐feeding leafhoppers via increases in the biomass of grasses and forbs, regardless of vegetation type. Both grasses and forbs are preferred food plants of mammals. In the long term, the biomass of sedges, which are less preferred by mammals, increased in the less intensively grazed tall‐grass vegetation. This resulted in a higher abundance of sedge‐feeding leafhoppers. The small size of these sedge feeders lowered the average leafhopper body size in the tall‐grass vegetation. Plant nutritional quality did not explain any effects of exclusions or vegetation types. Our results demonstrate that both short‐ and long‐term effects of mammalian herbivores on the biomass of specific plant functional types caused concurrent changes in the abundance of specialized herbivorous insects, which scaled up to community‐wide shifts in insect body size, a key life‐history trait. A plant‐functional‐type approach can thus help to predict how overabundance or extinction of mammalian herbivores impacts on other components of the food web at various timescales. A plain language summary is available for this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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243. Mammal-induced trophic cascades in invertebrate food webs are modulated by grazing intensity in subalpine grassland.
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Vandegehuchte, Martijn L., Schütz, Martin, Schaetzen, Frederic, Risch, Anita C., and Hambäck, Peter
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- *
HERBIVORES , *PREDATORY animals , *FOOD chains , *FORAGING behavior , *OMNIVORES , *MOUNTAIN plants , *INVERTEBRATES - Abstract
Even though mammalian herbivores can exert strong indirect effects on other animals by altering the vegetation, the study of trophic cascades retains a focus on apex predators and their top-down forces. Bottom-up trophic interaction chains induced by mammalian herbivores, particularly in invertebrate food webs, remain largely unexplored., We tested whether effects of mammalian herbivores on the vegetation ricochet back up several trophic levels of the invertebrate food web. We further tested two alternative hypotheses: the strength of herbivore-induced indirect interactions either increases with plant productivity because of a concurrent higher grazing intensity, or it decreases because of a higher plant tolerance to grazing., We progressively excluded large, medium and small herbivorous mammals from replicated plots of 6 m2 in productive, intensively grazed short-grass vegetation and less productive, less intensively grazed tall-grass vegetation of subalpine grasslands. We measured vegetation quantity, quality, structure and composition, and determined the abundance of invertebrate herbivores, detritivores, omnivores and predators. We used structural equation modelling to test vegetation-mediated cascading effects of the different mammalian herbivores across different trophic groups of invertebrates., In the short-grass vegetation, mammals caused changes in vegetation quantity and thickness. These changes directly affected detritivorous and predatory invertebrate abundance, yet indirectly affected predatory and omnivorous invertebrates through a bottom-up trophic cascade via changes in herbivorous invertebrate abundance. In the tall-grass vegetation, mammal-induced changes in vegetation quality and composition affected detritivorous invertebrates and in turn omnivorous invertebrates, but these cascading effects were weaker than those in the short-grass vegetation. Smaller mammals were at least as important as large mammals in structuring the invertebrate food web., Our results demonstrate that differently sized mammalian herbivores can trigger trophic cascades in the local invertebrate food web. Our findings further support the hypothesis that herbivore-induced indirect interactions are stronger in more productive systems because of higher foraging intensity, as opposed to the hypothesis that a higher grazing tolerance of plants should dampen herbivore-induced indirect interactions in productive systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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244. Diagnostische und therapeutische Konsequenz von Ultraschallbefunden – Eine Anwendungsbeobachtung
- Author
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Schütz, Martin
- Subjects
ddc:610 ,Ultraschall, Befunde, Konsequenz, ultrasound examination, sonography findings, consequences ,610 Medizin - Abstract
Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Ziel der Studie war es, zu evaluieren welche diagnostischen und therapeutischen Konsequenzen aus den Ultraschallbefunden unserer Klinik gezogen wurden. Patienten und Methodik: Zwischen Anfang März 2004 und Ende Februar 2005 wurden im interdisziplinären Ultraschallzentrum der Universität Regensburg insgesamt 14 301 Ultraschalluntersuchungen durchgeführt. 1162 zufällig ausgewählte Untersuchungen und deren Befunde wurden im Rahmen der Studie nachverfolgt. Die Untersucher dokumentierten die Befunde im hausüblichen standardisierten Befundungsmodus. Im weiteren Verlauf wurde anhand der Patientenakte und des Entlassbriefes des jeweiligen Patienten evaluiert, welche diagnostischen und therapeutischen Konsequenzen aus den Befunden gezogen wurden. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt zeigten sich 1843 pathologische Befunde bei 901 Patienten. In 114 Fällen (6,2 %) wurde keine adäquate Abklärung durchgeführt oder im Entlassbrief empfohlen, wobei die Entscheidung hierzu nicht nachvollziehbar war (Wertung 4). Die Patienten für diese Erhebung wurden zu großen Anteilen (72,1 %) aus den internistischen Abteilungen/Kliniken rekrutiert. Der höchste abteilungsabhängige Anteil an pathologischen Befunden mit Wertung 4 fand sich dagegen in den Kliniken/Abteilungen für Mund-Kiefer-Gesichtschirurgie (MKG), Dermatologie und Nuklearmedizin. Folgerungen: Zusammenfassend halten die Autoren eine Gesamtzahl von 6,2 % an Befunden, die nicht die entsprechenden Konsequenzen nach sich zogen, für relativ niedrig. Möglicherweise kann diese Zahl jedoch durch weitere Verbesserung der Formulierungen in den Untersuchungsbefunden noch deutlich gesenkt werden., Background and objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic consequences arising from abnormal ultrasound findings in a multidisciplinary setting in the University of Regensburg Clinical Centre. Patients and methods: The results of 1162 randomly selected ultrasound examinations (on 671 males and 491 females) from a total of 14 301 at an interdisciplinary ultrasound unit were analysed. The investigators recorded the findings in a routinely used standardized manner. The records and discharge reports of each patient were then evaluated with regard to the diagnostic and therapeutic consequences of the findings. Results: There were 1843 abnormal findings in 901 patients. In 114 patients (6.2 %) no adequate diagnostic measures had been undertaken or recommended at discharge, but the reasons for the decisions taken could not be judged (value 4). 72.1 % of all patients were recruited from departments of internal medicine. However, the highest percentage of findings without adequate consequences were found to be in patients of the departments of oral and maxillofacial surgery, dermatology and nuclear medicine. Conclusion: The number of ultrasound examinations that had been done without adequate consequences was comparatively low at 6.2 %. But perhaps this number can be further reduced by improved wording of the examination reports.
- Published
- 2012
245. Wie Produktiv ist die Vegetation im Nationalpark und in der Val Müstair?
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Schütz, Martin and Risch, Anita C.
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- 2012
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246. Does size really matter? The effects of herbivore body size on ecosystem processes
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Haynes, Alan, Schütz, Martin, Filli, Flurin, and Risch, Anita C
- Abstract
This project is aimed at investigating trophic cascades originating from the successive exclusion of herbivores of various sizes from subalpine grasslands of the Swiss National Park (SNP). Historical grazing patterns in the SNP have developed two distinct vegetation types – heavily grazed short grass vegetation and lightly grazed tall grass vegetation – derived from former land use which differ in vegetation quality, community composition and usage by herbivores. This poster presents some of the methods we use to study how herbivore exclusion affects ecosystem properties and processes.
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- 2012
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247. Does size matter? Effects of herbivore exclusion on soil properties
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Haynes, Alan, Schütz, Martin, and Risch, Anita C
- Abstract
Although diverse herbivore communities utilise grasslands, many previous studies only excluded the largest animals. Thus, little is known about how smaller herbivores, including invertebrates, affect grassland processes. We find that sequentially excluding different sized herbivores strongly impacts soil properties such as moisture, temperature and respiration. Such changes have potential implications for ecosystem nutrient cycling (e.g. C storage). This poster was presented at the British Ecological Society 2012 Annual Meeting in Birmingham between the 17th and 20th December.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
248. Does size matter? Vegetation quantity and quality responses to the exclusion of herbivore guilds from large ungulates to invertebrates
- Author
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Haynes, Alan, Schütz, Martin, Page-Dumroese, Deborah S, and Risch, Anita C
- Abstract
Although diverse herbivore communities utilise grasslands, many previous studies only exclude largest animals. Thus, little is known about how smaller herbivores, including invertebrates, affect grassland processes. We find that sequentially excluding different sized herbivores strongly impacts vegetation quantity/quality; depending on original grassland grazing pressures. This has implications for ecosystem nutrient cycling (e.g. C storage) and pattern reinforcing feedbacks. This presentation was presented at the British Ecological Society Annual Meeting 2012 on the 18th December.
- Published
- 2012
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249. Zwei unterschiedliche Speisekarten: Sommer- und Winternahrung
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Schütz, Martin, Filli, Flurin, and Risch, Anita C.
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- 2012
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250. 'Does size matter?' Poster supplement - Methods of an exclusion experiment
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Haynes, Alan, Schütz, Martin, and Risch, Anita C
- Abstract
In order to understand how different herbivore guilds based on body size affect ecosystem processes, we designed an experimental setup in the Swiss Alps. Using differing mesh sizes we sequentially exclude large herbivores (ungulates), medium mammals (hare and marmots), small mammals (mice and voles) and small herbivores (invertebrates). The fencing method has the potential to change ecosystem parameters such as air humidity and temperature, soil moisture and temperature and light levels. This is a supplement to go with the poster "Does size matter? Effects of herbivore exclusion on soil properties" presented at the British Ecological Society 2012 Annual Meeting in Birmingham between the 17th and 20th of December.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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