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We introduce a new family of distributions using intervened power series distribution. It is a rich family containing distributions such as Marshall–Olkin extended families of distributions, families of distributions generated through truncated negative binomial, and families of distributions generated through truncated binomial distribution. Also, the proposed distribution is a generalization of the families of distributions generated through zero truncated Poisson distribution. As a particular case, we study exponential intervened Poisson (EIP) distribution. This is a generalization of exponential-Poisson distribution. The shape properties of the pdf and hazard rate are proved. The model identifiability is established. The expression for moments, mean deviation, distribution of order statistics, and residual life function of EIP distribution are derived. The unknown parameters of the distribution are estimated using the method of maximum likelihood. The existence and uniqueness of maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) are proved. Simulation study is carried out to show the performance of MLEs. EIP distribution is fitted to two real data sets and it is shown that the distribution is more appropriate than other competitive models. The adequacy of the EIP model for the data set is established using parametric bootstrap approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microstructural evolution of bias-enhanced grown (BEG) ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films has been investigated using microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition in gas mixtures of CH4 and Ar under different negative bias voltages ranging from -50 to -200 V. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the morphology, growth rate, and chemical bonding of the synthesized films. Transmission electron microscopic investigation reveals that the application of bias voltage induced the formation of the nanographitic filaments in the grain boundaries of the films, in addition to the reduction of the size of diamond grains to ultra-nanosized granular structured grains. For BEG-UNCD films under -200 V, the electron field emission (EFE) process can be turned on at a field as small as 4.08 V/μm, attaining a EFE current density as large as 3.19 mA/cm2 at an applied field of 8.64 V/μm. But the films grown without bias (0 V) have mostly amorphous carbon phases in the grain boundaries, possessing poorer EFE than those of the films grown using bias. Consequently, the induction of nanographitic filaments in grain boundaries of UNCD films grown in CH4/Ar plasma due to large applied bias voltage of -200V is the prime factor, which possibly forms interconnected paths for facilitating the transport of electrons that markedly enhance the EFE properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper ion implantation and subsequent annealing at 600 °C achieved high electrical conductivity of 95.0 (Ωcm)-1 for ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films with carrier concentration of 2.8 x 1018 cm-2 and mobility of 6.8 x 10² cm²/V s. Transmission electron microscopy examinations reveal that the implanted Cu ions first formed Cu nanoclusters in UNCD films, which induced the formation of nanographitic grain boundary phases during annealing process. From current imaging tunneling spectroscopy and local current-voltage curves of scanning tunneling spectroscopic measurements, it is observed that the electrons are dominantly emitted from the grain boundaries. Consequently, the nanographitic phases presence in the grain boundaries formed conduction channels for efficient electron transport, ensuing in excellent electron field emission (EFE) properties for copper ion implanted/annealed UNCD films with low turn-on field of 4.80 V/μm and high EFE current density of 3.60 mA/cm2 at an applied field of 8.0 V/μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A unique chaotic spreading sequence‐based MC‐CDMA (multi‐carrier code division multiple accesses) is studied in this article. By employing this spreading sequence, interference effect that is inherent in a multi‐user environment can be lessened by deciding on the spreading series with suitable cross‐correlation properties. The simulation study exhibits that chaotic sequence‐based MC‐CDMA acts well in a multiuser setting, resulting in better attainable error rates. Moreover, results confirm that chaotic sequence‐based MC‐CDMA beats the Walsh Hadamard code spreading‐based MC CDMA system. The inception of MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) scheme leads to the augment in the number of antennas that are present in the transmitting in addition to receiving side. This induces an enhancement in the throughput and the robustness of the communication system. Further, the simulation outcomes exhibit that the suggested technique is far beneficial in the context of combating MAI (multiple access interference) and aids to achieve performance amelioration concerning the utility of approximately 9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microstructural evolution of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films as a function of substrate temperature (TS) and/or by introducing H2 in Ar/CH4 plasma is investigated. Variation of the sp2 and sp3 carbon content is analyzed using UV-Raman and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectra. Morphological and microstructural studies confirm that films deposited using Ar/CH4 plasma at low TS consist of a random distribution of spherically shaped ultra-nano diamond grains with distinct sp2-bonded grain boundaries, which are attributed to the adherence of CH radicals to the nano-sized diamond clusters. By increasing TS, adhering efficiency of CH radicals to the diamond lattice drops and trans-polyacetylene (t-PA) encapsulating the nano-sized diamond grains break, whereas the addition of 1.5% H2 in Ar/CH4 plasma at low TS induces atomic hydrogen that preferentially etches out the t-PA attached to ultra-nano diamond grains. Both cases make the sp3-diamond phase less passivated. This leads to C2 radicals attaching to the diamond lattice promoting elongated clustered grains along with a complicated defect structure. Such a grain growth model is highly correlated to explain the technologically important functional property, namely, plasma illumination (PI) of UNCD films. Superior PI properties, viz. low threshold field of 0.21 V/μm with a high PI current density of 4.10 mA/cm2 (at an applied field of 0.25 V/μm) and high γ-coefficient (0.2604) are observed for the UNCD films possessing ultra-nano grains with a large fraction of grain boundary phases. The grain boundary component consists of a large amount of sp2-carbon phases that possibly form interconnected paths for facilitating the transport of electrons and the electron field emission process that markedly enhance PI properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiolysis products were identified in gamma irradiated PUREX solvent under simulated conditions encountered during reprocessing of fast reactor spent nuclear fuel. The irradiated solvent after alkali wash was fractionally distilled for the ease of their analysis. Spectroscopic analysis of various fractions using techniques like Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) revealed formation of various classes of compounds which result from fragmentation as well as recombination. 4-Decanol, 4-dodecanol, and oxalic acid were identified as the diluent degradation products. Metal retention behavior suggested the diluent recovered through distillation can be reused as neat diluent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's Neurodegenerative Disease is understood neurological issue, which is influenced cerebrum cells are causes the intellectual decrease and memory misfortune, the sickness begins gentle and deteriorates. There is a serious necessity to identify Alzheimer's disease at an earlier stage, therefore that the appropriate treatment can initiate early. The foremost causes for Alzheimer's diseases are low blood flow and brain activity. So, the serious Alzheimer disease has been recognized by several existing methodologies but they are fails to recognize the disease in the earlier stage. Thus, in this work use Single Photon Emission Nuclear Tomographic Imaging(SPECT) for find the Alzheimer's diseases. The collected SPECT image noise is removed by applying Lucy-Richardson method and affected region is segmented by using Prolong adaptive exclusive analytical Atlas (PAEA). After this segmentation process Regional Atrophy Analysis (RAA) is apply for find the values of Gray Matters (GM) and White Matters (WM) regions in SPECT image. Finally Artificial Neural Network is applying for classification process. The experimental results shows that the promising outcomes in term of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dissociative photoionization of CH[sub 2]Br[sub 2] in a region ∼10–24 eV was investigated with photoionization mass spectroscopy using a synchrotron radiation source. An adiabatic ionization energy of 10.25 eV determined for CH[sub 2]Br[sub 2] agrees satisfactorily with predictions of 10.26 and 10.25 eV with G2 and G3 methods, respectively. Observed major fragment ions CH[sub 2]Br[sup +], CHBr[sup +], and CBr[sup +] show appearance energies at 11.22, 12.59, and 15.42 eV, respectively; minor fragment ions CHBr[sub 2][sup +], Br[sup +], and CH[sub 2][sup +] appear at 12.64, 15.31, and 16.80 eV, respectively. Energies for formation of observed fragment ions and their neutral counterparts upon ionization of CH[sub 2]Br[sub 2] are computed with G2 and G3 methods. Dissociative photoionization channels associated with six observed fragment ions are proposed based on comparison of determined appearance energies and predicted energies. An upper limit of ΔH[sub f,298][sup 0](CHBr[sup +])≤300.7±1.5 kcal mol[sup -1] is derived experimentally; the adiabatic ionization energy of CHBr is thus derived to be ≤9.17±0.23 eV. Literature values for ΔH[sub f,298][sup 0](CBr[sup +])=362.5 kcal mol[sup -1] and ionization energy of 10.43 eV for CBr are revised to be less than 332 kcal mol-1 and 9.11 eV, respectively. Also based on a new experimental ionization energy, ΔH[sub f,298][sup 0](CH[sub 2]Br[sub 2][sup +]) is revised to be 236.4±1.5 kcal mol-1. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystalline germanium was ablated with light at 532 nm from a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser, and the resultant plume reacted with N[SUB2] before deposition onto a substrate at 20 K. Multiple absorption lines at 891.8, 890.8, 890.4, 889.9, 889.4, 888.9, 888.4, 887.9, 887.5, and 887.0 cm[SUP-1] that become enhanced after annealing of the matrix at 31 K are attributed to a species containing two Ge atoms in their isotopic variants: [SUP70]Ge, [SUP72]Ge, [SUP73]Ge, [SUP74]Ge, and [SUP76]Ge. Replacing [SUP14]N[SUB2] with a mixture of [SUP14]N[SUB2] and [SUP15]N[SUB2] yields an additional multiplet in the region 867.1- 862.1 cm[SUP-1] whereas reaction of the same mixture subjected to microwave discharge yields a further multiplet in the region 878.9- 874.0 cm[SUP-1]. The isotopic pattern indicates that the vibrational mode is associated with a Ge-N stretching motion that involves two equivalent Ge atoms and two equivalent N atoms. Theoretical calculations with density-functional theories (B3LYP/6-311+G* and B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ) predict nine stable isomers of Ge[SUB2]N[SUB2], with linear GeNNGe and asymmetric angular Ge(GeNN) having the least energies. Among calculated vibrational wave numbers, IR intensities, and isotopic shifts for all isomers of Ge[SUB2]N[SUB2], only those predicted for the asymmetric Ge-N stretching mode of linear GeNNGe fit satisfactorily with experimental results. GeNNGe is likely formed from direct reaction of Ge[SUB2] and N[SUB2] rather than from two-step reactions involving GeNN or GeN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dissociative photoionization of CH[sub 2]C1[sub 2] in a region ∼11-20 eV was investigated with photoionization mass spectrometry using a synchrotron radiation source. Major fragment ions CH[sub 2]C1[sup +], CHC1[sup +], and CCl[sup +] were observed with their respective appearance energies at 12.08, 12.46, and 15.96 eV. Relative branching ratios as a function of photon energy were determined. Dissociative photoionization channels for formation of these three fragment ions are proposed based on comparison of determined appearance energies and energies predicted with the Gaussian-2 calculations. The principal dissociative process is direct breakage of the C-C1 bond to form CH[sub 2]Cl[sup +] + C1; at greater energies formation of CHC1[sup +] takes place via the CHCl[sup +]+ HC1 channel. Formation of CC1[sup +] near the threshold at 15.96 eV may proceed via the CCl [sup +] +HCI+H channel rather than CCl[sup +]+H[sub 2]+C1 channel, but at greater energies the latter dominates. Enthalpy of formation at 0 K of CHC1[sup +] is revised to 288.0 ± 0.7 kcal mol[sup -1] based on our experimental results; the adiabatic ionization energy of CHC1 is accordingly revised to 9.12±0.12 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the development of a decision algorithm for a prototype computer-aided process planning system IMOLD_CAPP for the manufacture of an injection mould. A combination of a generative and plan template approach is used for the development of the system. The input to the system is a 3D solid model developed using IMOLD™. Successful implementation of the prototype IMOLD_CAPP depends on its incorporation to an appropriate machining algorithm. Unfortunately, there is no one standard algorithm to choose the appropriate machining process from high-speed machining (HSM), electrical discharge machining (EDM) or a combination of the two. Consequently, this research undertook the development of a decision algorithm for the selection of the appropriate machining process. The algorithm decides whether HSM, EDM or a combination should be chosen for a particular case. Several case studies are conducted and the economics of these processes have been analysed to verify the suitability of the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The infrared spectra of dimethylhydrogen phosphonate (DMHP) isolated in nitrogen, argon and krypton matrices are recorded at 298 and 373 K. The results have shown the infrared spectral characteristics of the ground and higher energy conformers of the DMHP.

Byline: G.D. Bino Paul, K. Sankaran This paper explores the role of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) and biodiversity as positive growth leveraging factors. In doing so, we examine how the growth of Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCGs) may adversely affect regional knowledge systems and biodiversity. From the investors' perspective, FMCG sector is the source of high and stable return. We postulate that the growth of a sector like FMCG is a threat to local production systems using organic inputs and indirectly to the overall regional growth. In countries such as India, villages have their own indigenous-organic solutions such as scouring and cleaning agents, beverages, balms, chutneys, medicines, etc. Through a simple model we show the approach towards conceptual modelling of the trade-off between non-IK embedded solutions and IK-based solutions. In trying to link this paper with future work, it suggests that there is a need for a more pro-active policy to specify indigenous product standards and disclosure norms.