633 results on '"SMITH, LISA M."'
Search Results
202. Transposon Variants and Their Effects on Gene Expression in Arabidopsis.
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Xi Wang, Weigel, Detlef, and Smith, Lisa M.
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TRANSPOSONS ,MOBILE genetic elements ,EPIGENETICS ,DNA methylation ,GENE expression - Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) make up the majority of many plant genomes. Their transcription and transposition is controlled through siRNAs and epigenetic marks including DNA methylation. To dissect the interplay of siRNA--mediated regulation and TE evolution, and to examine how TE differences affect nearby gene expression, we investigated genome- wide differences in TEs, siRNAs, and gene expression among three Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Both TE sequence polymorphisms and presence of linked TEs are positively correlated with intraspecific variation in gene expression. The expression of genes within 2 kb of conserved TEs is more stable than that of genes next to variant TEs harboring sequence polymorphisms. Polymorphism levels of TEs and closely linked adjacent genes are positively correlated as well. We also investigated the distribution of 24-nt-long siRNAs, which mediate TE repression. TEs targeted by uniquely mapping siRNAs are on average farther from coding genes, apparently because they more strongly suppress expression of adjacent genes. Furthermore, siRNAs, and especially uniquely mapping siRNAs, are enriched in TE regions missing in other accessions. Thus, targeting by uniquely mapping siRNAs appears to promote sequence deletions in TEs. Overall, our work indicates that siRNA-targeting of TEs may influence removal of sequences from the genome and hence evolution of gene expression in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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203. Exacerbation of signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis by a controlled adverse environment challenge in subjects with a history of dry eye and ocular allergy.
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Gomes, Paulo J., Ousler, George W., Welch, Donna L., Smith, Lisa M., Coderre, Jeffrey, and Abelson, Mark B.
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DISEASE exacerbation ,OCULAR manifestations of general diseases ,CONJUNCTIVITIS ,DRY eye syndromes ,CONFOCAL microscopy ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Background: The goal of this study was to assess the effect of a controlled adverse environment (CAE) challenge on subjects with both allergic conjunctivitis and dry eye. Methods: Thirty-three subjects were screened and 17 completed this institutional review board-approved study. Subjects underwent baseline ocular assessments and conjunctival allergen challenge (CAC) on days 0 and 3. Those who met the ocular redness and itching criteria were randomized to receive either the controlled adverse environment (CAE) challenge (group A, n = 9) or no challenge (group B, n = 8) at day 6. Thirty minutes after CAE/no-CAE, subjects were challenged with allergen and their signs and symptoms graded. Exploratory confocal microscopy was carried out in a subset of subjects at hourly intervals for 5 hours post-CAC on days 3 and 6. Results: Seven minutes post-CAC, subjects exposed to the CAE had significantly greater itching (difference between groups, 0.55 ± 0.25, P = 0.028), conjunctival redness (0.59 ± 0.19, P = 0.002), episcleral redness (0.56 ± 0.19, P = 0.003) and mean overall redness (mean of conjunctival, episcleral, and ciliary redness, 0.59 ± 0.14, P < 0.001). The mean score at 7, 15, and 20 minutes post-CAC for conjunctival redness (0.43 ± 0.17, P = 0.012), episcleral redness (0.49 ± 0.15, P = 0.001), mean overall redness in all regions (0.43 ± 0.15, P = 0.005), and mean chemosis (0.20 ± 0.08, P = 0.017) were also all significantly greater in CAE-treated subjects. Confocal microscopic images of conjunctival vessels after CAC showed more inflammation in CAE-treated subjects. Conclusion: In subjects with both dry eye and allergic conjunctivitis, exposure to adverse environmental conditions causes an ocular surface perturbation that can intensify allergic reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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204. Putative Arabidopsis THO/TREX mRNA export complex is involved in transgene and endogenous siRNA biosynthesis.
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Yelina, Nataliya E., Smith, Lisa M., Jones, Alexandra M. E., Patei, Kanu, Kelly, Krystyna A., and Baulcombe, David C.
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ARABIDOPSIS ,PHLOEM ,LOCUS (Genetics) ,RNA ,BIOSYNTHESIS ,TRANSGENE expression - Abstract
RNA silencing in plants and some animals has a non-cell-autonomous effect due to an RNA signal that moves between cells or organs. To identify unique factors involved in this process, we analyzed a group of Arabidopsis mutants with defective spread of RNA Silencing from a transgene expressed specifically in the phloem. These mutants accumulated reduced amounts of small interfering (si)RNA from the transgene locus and from endogenous loci TAS1. TAS2, and an inverted repeat locus 1R71. The defect in TAS1 and TAS2 5iRNA biogenesis is in the processing of a long siRNA precursor. We mapped the mutations to a gene encoding the Arabidopsis homolog of a protein. TEX1, which is involved in intracellular transport of RNA in animals. TEX1 is a component of the THO/TREX complex, and we show that the Arabidopsis TEX1 interacts with other predicted components of a THO/TREX complex. Correspondingly, we found at least two other components of the Arabidopsis THO core complex that are involved in RNA silencing. To reconcile the effect of these mutations on transgene and endogenous gene 5iRNA, we propose a mechanism in which THO/TREX processes or transports a long RNA molecule so that it can be a template for secondary 5iRNA production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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205. MicroRNA Gene Evolution in Arabidopsis lyrata and Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Fahlgren, Noah, Jogdeo, Sanjuro, Kasschau, Kristin D., Sullivan, Christopher M., Chapman, Elisabeth J., Laubinger, Sascha, Smith, Lisa M., Dasenko, Mark, Givan, Scott A., Weigel, Detlef, and Carrington, James C.
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GENE expression ,GENE families ,NON-coding RNA ,PLANT genomes ,MICRORNA - Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short regulatory RNAs processed from partially self-complementary foldbacks within longer MIRNA primary transcripts. Several MIRNA families are conserved deeply through land plants, but many are present only in closely related species or are species specific. The finding of numerous evolutionarily young MIRNA , many with low expression and few if any targets, supports a rapid birth-death model for MIRNA evolution. A systematic analysis of MIRNA genes and families in the close relatives, Arabidopsis thaliana and Arabidopsis lyrata , was conducted using both whole-genome comparisons and high-throughput sequencing of small RNAs. Orthologs of 143 A. thaliana MIRNA genes were identified in A. lyrata , with nine having significant sequence or processing changes that likely alter function. In addition, at least 13% of MIRNA genes in each species are unique, despite their relatively recent speciation (∼10 million years ago). Alignment of MIRNA foldbacks to the Arabidopsis genomes revealed evidence for recent origins of 32 families by inverted or direct duplication of mostly protein-coding gene sequences, but less than half of these yield miRNA that are predicted to target transcripts from the originating gene family. miRNA nucleotide divergence between A. lyrata and A. thaliana orthologs was higher for young MIRNA genes, consistent with reduced purifying selection compared with deeply conserved MIRNA genes. Additionally, target sites of younger miRNA were lost more frequently than for deeply conserved families. In summary, our systematic analyses emphasize the dynamic nature of the MIRNA complement of plant genomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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206. Intracardiac and extracardiac markers of inflammation during atrial fibrillation.
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Marcus, Gregory M., Smith, Lisa M., Ordovas, Karen, Scheinman, Melvin M., Kim, Albert M., Badhwar, Nitish, Lee, Randall J., Tseng, Zian H., Lee, Byron K., and Olgin, Jeffrey E.
- Abstract
Background: A decrease in inflammation after cure of atrial arrhythmias suggests that such arrhythmias are proinflammatory, and lower inflammatory marker levels in the coronary sinus suggest that atrial arrhythmias result in intracardiac appropriation of inflammatory cytokines. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of atrial fibrillation on inflammatory markers drawn from intracardiac and extracardiac chambers. Methods: We performed a case-control study of 167 AF patients and 207 controls. Blood from intracardiac and extracardiac sites was obtained from a subset of patients undergoing curative AF ablation (n = 46). Results: No significant differences in C-reactive protein (CRP) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were seen between patients with and those without a history of AF. Both levels were significantly higher when blood was drawn during AF than during sinus rhythm: median CRP 3.1 mg/dL (interquartile range [IQR] 1.0–6.0) versus 1.7 mg/dL (IQR 0.7–3.9, P = .0005); median IL-6 2.3 ng/mL (IQR 1.5–3.9) versus 1.5 ng/mL (IQR 0.7–2.5, P = .007). This finding persisted after adjusting for potential confounders. AF ablation patients in AF exhibited a positive median left atrial minus coronary sinus gradient CRP (0.3 mg/dL, IQR −0.03–1.1), whereas those in sinus rhythm had a negative median left atrial minus coronary sinus gradient CRP (−0.2, IQR −0.8–[−0.02], P = .01). Femoral artery minus femoral vein gradients in AF versus sinus rhythm did not show any differences. Conclusion: AF at the time of the blood draw, rather than a history of AF, was independently associated with inflammation. Differences in transcardiac gradients suggest that AF results in sequestration of inflammatory cytokines in the heart. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2010
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207. Water Quality in the Near Coastal Waters of the Gulf of Mexico Affected by Hurricane Katrina: Before and After the Storm.
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Smith, Lisa M., Macauley, John M., Harwell, Linda C., and Chancy, Cynthia A.
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WATER quality ,WATER pollution ,INTRACOASTAL waterways ,ESTUARIES ,HURRICANE Katrina, 2005 - Abstract
Water quality was assessed following Hurricane Katrina in the affected waters of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Post-landfall water quality was compared to pre-hurricane conditions using indicators assessed by EPA’s National Coastal Assessment program and additional indicators of contaminants in water and pathogens. Water quality data collected after Hurricane Katrina suggest that the coastal waters affected by the storm exhibited higher salinity and concentrations of chlorophyll a, dissolved inorganic phosphorus, and total suspended solids following the storm compared to the previous 5-year averages. Higher bottom dissolved oxygen concentrations and light attenuation were also observed. Contaminant concentrations measured in the water column were very low or undetectable, as were the presence of pathogens. Overall water quality did not significantly differ from water quality assessed in the five years preceding the storm. Statistical analyses indicate that use of a probabilistic survey design is appropriate for making pre-storm and post storm comparisons for water quality condition on an areal basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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208. Cumulative Effects of Coastal Habitat Alterations on Fishery Resources: toward Prediction at Regional Scales.
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Jordan, Stephen J., Smith, Lisa M., and Nestlerode, Janet A.
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HABITAT modification , *COASTAL ecology , *FISHERY management , *BLUE crab fisheries , *SHORELINE monitoring , *ESTUARINE ecology - Abstract
Coastal habitat alterations such as the loss of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) and hardening of shorelines could have cumulative effects on valuable fishery resources. To investigate this effect, we developed a multiscale modeling framework for blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Areal coverage of shoreline land cover and SAV for Mobile Bay, Alabama, were combined with information from small-scale biological studies and long-term, large-scale commercial fishery data to model the potential effects of marginal habitat losses on the blue crab fishery. We applied stochastic variation in annual recruitment to the fishery to estimate probabilities for sustainable harvests under scenarios of habitat loss. The simulations suggested that, accumulated over large areas, relatively small local losses of estuarine marsh edge and SAV habitats could have long-term negative effects on the sustainability of the fishery. Spatially extensive models are required to investigate the cumulative ecological effects of many local environmental changes. The requisite scaling adds uncertainty and reduces precision, but if model parameters are accurate at each scale, accurate predictions of long-term outcomes and probabilities are possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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209. Allergic Conjunctivitis: A Survey of New Antihistamines
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BERDY, GREGG J., primary, ABELSON, MARK B., additional, GEORGE, MICHELLE A., additional, SMITH, LISA M., additional, and GIOVANONI, RICHARD L., additional
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- 1991
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210. An annotated bibliography of literate programming
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Smith, Lisa M. C., primary and Samadzadeh, Mansur H., additional
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- 1991
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211. The genetic and epigenetic landscape of the Arabidopsis centromeres.
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Naish, Matthew, Alonge, Michael, Wlodzimierz, Piotr, Tock, Andrew J., Abramson, Bradley W., Schmücker, Anna, Mandáková, Terezie, Jamge, Bhagyshree, Lambing, Christophe, Kuo, Pallas, Yelina, Natasha, Hartwick, Nolan, Colt, Kelly, Smith, Lisa M., Ton, Jurriaan, Tetsuji Kakutani, Martienssen, Robert A., Schneeberger, Korbinian, Lysak, Martin A., and Berger, Frédéric
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- 2021
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212. Protracted CRP Elevation after Atrial Fibrillation Ablation.
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McCABE, JAMES M., SMITH, LISA M., TSENG, ZIAN H., BADHWAR, NITISH, LEE, BYRON K., LEE, RANDALL J., SCHEINMAN, MELVIN M., OLGIN, JEFFREY E., and MARCUS, GREGORY M.
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ATRIAL fibrillation , *TACHYCARDIA , *ARRHYTHMIA , *INFLAMMATION , *RADIO frequency therapy , *ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY , *BIOMARKERS , *PATIENTS - Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been linked to an inflammatory process detected through various biomarkers, including C-Reactive Protein (CRP). Early recurrence of AF within the first 3 months after curative AF ablation is not felt to reflect success or failure of the procedure. We hypothesized that this early recurrence is due to an inflammatory response to the ablation itself. We therefore sought to evaluate levels of CRP after AF ablation. Methods: We prospectively enrolled subjects undergoing AF ablation. A control group of patients undergoing ablation for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) was also enrolled. Each patient had CRP drawn on the day of the procedure (prior to ablation) and during their first follow-up (median 49 days, interquartile range [IQR] 37–93) and second follow-up (median 147 days, IQR 141–257) clinic visits. Patient interviews were performed and medical histories reviewed for evidence of recurrent AF prior to the first follow-up. Results: CRP levels significantly increased from baseline to first follow-up in the AF ablation group (P = 0.0017). CRP did not significantly change after SVT ablation (P = 0.92). Seventeen (45%) of the AF subjects exhibited recurrence of AF prior to first follow-up. After adjusting for multiple potential confounders, AF ablation patients with recurrent AF prior to their first follow-up had a statistically significant greater odds of having an increase in CRP (OR 21, 95% CI 1.1–417, P = 0.045). Conclusions: AF ablation generates an inflammatory response that persists for several weeks. This inflammation may explain early recurrence of AF after curative ablation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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213. A first-degree family history in lone atrial fibrillation patients.
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Marcus GM, Smith LM, Vittinghoff E, Tseng ZH, Badhwar N, Lee BK, Lee RJ, Scheinman MM, Olgin JE, Marcus, Gregory M, Smith, Lisa M, Vittinghoff, Eric, Tseng, Zian H, Badhwar, Nitish, Lee, Byron K, Lee, Randall J, Scheinman, Melvin M, and Olgin, Jeffrey E
- Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) may be due to an inherited trait, particularly in lone AF patients. A family history of AF in lone AF patients has not previously been compared with a family history of patients with AF and established risk factors (non-lone AF).Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of having a first-degree relative with AF in lone and non-lone AF patients.Methods: We performed a case-control study of consecutive subjects presenting to a single electrophysiology laboratory. A convenience sample of subjects with no known arrhythmias was also enrolled.Results: Four hundred twenty-nine subjects were enrolled: 136 had AF (54 with lone AF), 84 had atrial flutter, 158 had other supraventricular arrhythmias, and 51 had no known arrhythmias. Significantly more subjects with AF reported a first-degree family history of AF compared with the remainder of the cohort (25% vs. 5%; P <.001). In multivariable analysis adjusting for potential confounders, AF patients had a 6-fold greater odds of having a family member with AF (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.93-12.7; P <.001). Lone AF patients had a first-degree family member with AF substantially more often than those with non-lone AF (41% vs. 14%; P <.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, lone AF patients remained significantly more likely than other AF patients to have a first-degree relative with AF (OR 7.2; 95% CI 2.1-24.7; P = .002).Conclusion: Lone AF patients have a first-degree family member with AF substantially more often than other AF patients. This suggests that an inherited trait may be particularly important in this subgroup of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2008
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214. Alcohol Intake is Significantly Associated with Atrial Flutter in Patients under 60 Years of Age and a Shorter Right Atrial Effective Refractory Period.
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MARCUS, GREGORY M., SMITH, LISA M., WHITEMAN, DEAN, TSENG, ZIAN H., BADHWAR, NITISH, LEE, BYRON K., LEE, RANDALL J., SCHEINMAN, MELVIN M., and OLGIN, JEFFREY E.
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ATRIAL fibrillation , *ATRIAL flutter , *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of alcohol , *HEART diseases , *HEALTH of older men , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Background: Although evidence suggests that alcohol is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), the association between alcohol and atrial flutter (AFL) has not been examined. The mechanism connecting alcohol and atrial arrhythmias is unknown. Methods: Alcohol intake was determined in 195 consecutive patients with AF and AFL. Control subjects included patients with other supraventricular arrhythmias (n = 132) and healthy subjects (n = 54). Because of important competing risk factors for atrial arrhythmias in the elderly, stratification by age was performed. In a subset, atrial effective refractory periods (AERPs) were obtained from the high right atrium and proximal and distal coronary sinus. Results: AF and AFL patients were significantly more likely to be daily alcohol drinkers (27% vs 14% of controls, P = 0.001). In multivariable analysis, AFL patients ≤ 60 years of age were significantly more likely to be daily drinkers than to drink no alcohol compared to controls (odds ratio 17, 95% confidence interval 1.6–192.0, P = 0.019). Progressively more frequent alcohol intake was significantly associated with a progressively greater odds of AFL in patients ≤ 60 years of age (P = 0.045). Neither AF subjects of any age nor AFL subjects > 60 years of age exhibited significant associations with alcohol after multivariable adjustment. Right AERPs shortened significantly with increasing amounts of alcohol intake (P = 0.025), whereas left AERPs were not associated with alcohol intake. Conclusions: Alcohol intake is positively associated with AFL in younger patients. The mechanism may be related to a shortening of the right AERP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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215. Moving From Efficacy to Effectiveness in Eating Disorders Prevention: The Sorority Body Image Program.
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Becker, Carolyn Black, Ciao, Anna C., and Smith, Lisa M.
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EATING disorders ,SOCIAL systems ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,SYSTEMS theory - Abstract
Abstract: Although eating disorders prevention research has begun to produce programs with demonstrated efficacy, many such programs simply target individuals as opposed to engaging broader social systems (e.g., schools, sororities, athletic teams) as participant collaborators in eating disorders prevention. Yet, social systems ultimately will be responsible for the real-world delivery of eating disorder prevention programs, suggesting that an important issue has yet to be addressed. Namely, it is unclear to what degree efficacious individual-focused eating disorder prevention programs remain effective when incorporated into critical social systems under real-world conditions. Over the past 5 years, we have collaborated with the campus sororities in the development of a sustainable eating disorders prevention program that is based on the prevention efficacy literature. This paper describes both challenges and helpful strategies that we encountered in tailoring an evidence-based eating disorders prevention program to the needs of a relevant social system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2008
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216. Markers of inflammation before and after curative ablation of atrial flutter.
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Marcus, Gregory M., Smith, Lisa M., Glidden, David V., Wilson, Emily, McCabe, Jamie M., Whiteman, Dean, Tseng, Zian H., Badhwar, Nitish, Lee, Byron K., Lee, Randall J., Scheinman, Melvin M., and Olgin, Jeffrey E.
- Abstract
Background: Atrial arrhythmias are associated with inflammation. The cause and effect of the association are unknown. Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that atrial tachyarrhythmias contribute to inflammation. Methods: We performed a prospective observational study wherein C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels from the femoral vein and coronary sinus (CS) were compared before curative ablation for atrial flutter (AFL; n = 59) and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT; n = 110). Follow-up levels were obtained at 1 and 6 months. Results: Peripheral levels of both biomarkers were significantly higher in the AFL group. After multivariate adjustment, only those in the AFL group who presented in AFL or atrial fibrillation (AF) had significantly elevated CRP levels (odds ratio 1.26; P = .033). Levels of each marker were similar in the CS and peripheral blood in the SVT group; in the AFL group, both CRP and IL-6 were significantly lower in the CS than in the periphery (P = .0076 and P = .0021, respectively). CRP was significantly lower a median of 47 days after AFL ablation (from a median of 6.28 mg/L to a median of 2.92 mg/L; P = .028) and remained reduced at second follow-up. IL-6 decreased across three time points after AFL ablation (P = .002). No reduction in inflammatory biomarkers was observed after SVT ablation. Conclusions: CRP and IL-6 levels are elevated in patients presenting in AFL. Given the lower CS values in these patients, their origin appears to be systemic rather than cardiac. Because these levels significantly fall after ablation of AFL, the atrial tachyarrhythmia appears to be the cause (not the effect) of the inflammation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
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217. The Relationship of Perfectionism to Judgmental Bias and Psychopathology.
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DiBartolo, Patricia Marten, Chia Yen Li, Averett, Sanden A., Skotheim, Suzanne, Smith, Lisa M., Raney, Carise, and McMillen, Christopher
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PERFECTIONISM (Personality trait) ,PREJUDICES ,PSYCHOLOGICAL distress ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,COGNITION - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of perfectionism to judgmental biases, including estimates of aversiveness and probability of negative events and consequences, as well as the relationship of each of these constructs to measures of anxiety, stress, and depression. The Maladaptive Evaluative Concerns (MEC), but not the Pure Personal Standards (PPS), dimension of perfectionism was associated with greater psychological cost and perceived probability estimates, even controlling for concurrent psychological distress. In mediational analyses, judgmental bias scores significantly mediated, although only partially, the relationship between MEC-MPS scores and each measure of psychopathology. In contrast, the relationship of PPS-MPS scores to psychopathology was either non-significant or fully mediated by the judgmental bias measures, with one exception. Of the two judgmental bias factor scores, perceived probabilities rather than psychological costs most consistently mediated the relationship between the perfectionism dimensions and measures of psychological distress. This is the first study providing evidence that judgmental bias as well as the MEC dimension of perfectionism are each uniquely associated with risk for psychopathology. These findings warrant further investigation in order to elucidate how these two sets of cognitive factors increase risk for the development of psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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218. A Classification of U.S. Estuaries Based on Physical and Hydrologic Attributes.
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Engle, Virginia D., Kurtz, Janis C., Smith, Lisa M., Chancy, Cynthia, and Bourgeois, Pete
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ESTUARIES ,WATERSHEDS ,POLLUTANTS ,COASTS ,RIVERS ,SALINITY ,WASTE products ,HYDROLOGY - Abstract
A classification of U.S. estuaries is presented based on estuarine characteristics that have been identified as important for quantifying stressor–response relationships in coastal systems. Estuaries within a class have similar physical and hydrologic characteristics and would be expected to demonstrate similar biological responses to stressor loads from the adjacent watersheds. Nine classes of estuaries were identified by applying cluster analysis to a database for 138 U.S. estuarine drainage areas. The database included physical measures of estuarine areas, depth and volume, as well as hydrologic parameters (i.e., tide height, tidal prism volume, freshwater inflow rates, salinity, and temperature). The ability of an estuary to dilute or flush pollutants can be estimated using physical and hydrologic properties such as volume, bathymetry, freshwater inflow and tidal exchange rates which influence residence time and affect pollutant loading rates. Thus, physical and hydrologic characteristics can be used to estimate the susceptibility of estuaries to pollutant effects. This classification of estuaries can be used by natural resource managers to describe and inventory coastal systems, understand stressor impacts, predict which systems are most sensitive to stressors, and manage and protect coastal resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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219. An SNF2 Protein Associated with Nuclear RNA Silencing and the Spread of a Silencing Signal between Cells in Arabidopsis.
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Smith, Lisa M., Pontes, Olga, Searle, Iain, Yelina, Nataliya, Yousafzai, Faridoon K., Herr, Allan J., Pikaard, Craig S., and Baulcombe, David C.
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ARABIDOPSIS thaliana , *PHLOEM , *PLANT gene silencing , *RNA polymerases , *SMALL interfering RNA , *PLANT proteins - Abstract
The silencing phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana lines with an inverted repeat transgene under the control of a phloem-specific promoter was manifested in regions around veins due to a mobile signal of silencing. Genetic analysis implicates RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE2 (RDR2) and an RNA polymerese IVa subunit gene (NRPD1a) in the signaling mechanism. We also identified an SNF2 domain-containing protein (CLASSY1) that acts together with RDR2 and NRPD1a in the spread of transgene silencing and in the production of endogenous 24-nucleotide short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Cytochemical analysis indicates that CLASSY1 may act in the nucleus with NRPD1a and RDR2 in the upstream part of RNA silencing pathways that generate a double-stranded RNA substrate for Dicer-like (DCL) nucleases. DCL3 and ARGONAUTE4 act in a downstream part of the pathway, leading to endogenous 24-nucleotide siRNA production, but are not required for intercellular signaling. From genetic analysis, we conclude that another downstream part of the pathway associated with intercellular signaling requires DCL4 and at least one other protein required for 21-nucleotide trans-acting siRNAs. We interpret the effect of polymerase IVa and trans-acting siRNA pathway mutations in terms of a modular property of RNA silencing pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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220. The Ecological Condition of Gulf of Mexico Resources from Perdido Key to Port St. Joe, Florida, USA: Part I. Coastal Beach Resources.
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Smith, Lisa M., Didonato, Eva M., Harwell, Linda C., Nestlerode, Janet A., and Summers, J. Kevin
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SURVEYS ,ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring ,POLLUTION measurement ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,BEACHES ,HYDROGRAPHIC surveying ,ENTEROCOCCUS - Abstract
Using the approach established by EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP), a shoreline monitoring survey was conducted in August and September 1999, encompassing the Florida Panhandle from Perdido Key, Florida to Port St. Joe, Florida. The objective of this survey was to demonstrate the use of a probabilistic survey for monitoring and estimating the condition of swimmable beach areas. Thirty stations were sampled using a probabilistic sampling design. Hydrographic data were collected in addition to samples for water chemistry. Bacterial indicators, enterococci and fecal coliforms, were enumerated from the water according to the EPA Beaches Environmental Assessment Closure and Health (BEACH) Program and Florida state guidelines. Additional criteria for site condition included the presence or absence of primary and secondary dunes, anthropogenic debris and vegetation. Based on EMAP evaluation guidelines and Florida state criteria, a baseline assessment of the condition of the Gulf of Mexico beach resources surveyed is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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221. Peer-Facilitated Eating Disorder Prevention: A Randomized Effectiveness Trial of Cognitive Dissonance and Media Advocacy.
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Becker, Carolyn Black, Smith, Lisa M., and Ciao, Anna C.
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EATING disorders , *MASS media , *COGNITIVE dissonance , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) , *PEER pressure , *CHANGE (Psychology) , *COGNITION , *PSYCHOLOGICAL research , *PATHOLOGICAL psychology - Abstract
The authors investigated the effectiveness of 2 interventions in reducing eating disorder risk factors under naturalistic conditions in sororities. On the basis of previous research, the campus sororities chose to implement a semimandatory, 2-session eating disorder prevention program to all new sorority members (N = 90) during sorority orientation. To facilitate evaluation, sororities agreed to random assignment of new members to either a cognitive dissonance or a media advocacy intervention. Undergraduate peer facilitators ran the groups. Although both interventions had an effect, cognitive dissonance generally was superior at 8-month follow-up. Results further support the utility of cognitive dissonance in reducing eating disorder risk factors and suggest that nondoctoral-level leaders can deliver the program. Results also indicate that a semimandatory format does not reduce effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2006
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222. Assessing Water Clarity as a Component of Water Quality in Gulf of Mexico Estuaries.
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Smith, Lisa M., Engle, Virginia D., and Summers, J. Kevin
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ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring ,WATER quality ,INTRACOASTAL waterways ,TURBIDITES ,ESTUARIES ,VEGETATION & climate ,LIGHT meters - Abstract
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) uses water clarity as a water quality indicator for integrated assessments of coastal waters. After the publication of the first National Coastal Condition Report (USEPA, 2001c), the national water clarity reference value of 10% of ambient surface light at 1~m depth was reevaluated and modified to reflect expected differences in regional reference light conditions. These regional differences range from naturally turbid estuaries like those found in Mississippi and Louisiana to clear water estuaries expected to support extensive beds of submerged aquatic vegetation in, e.g., Florida and Tampa Bays. For the second National Coastal Condition Report, water clarity was assessed based on regional reference values (USEPA, 2004). Different regional water clarity reference values and data collection methods necessitated the development of a water clarity index based on light attenuation coefficients ( k). This index incorporates regional reference conditions and is interchangeable with secchi depth and percent light transmission calculated from light meter measurements. Evaluation of the water clarity index shows that k values based on transmissivity at 1~m can be estimated from secchi depth measurements and successfully used as a surrogate for transmissivity calculated from light meter data. An approach for assessing water clarity in Gulf of Mexico estuaries using light meter data and secchi depth is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2006
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223. Reducing Eating Disorder Risk Factors in Sorority Members: A Randomized Trial.
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Becker, Carolyn Black, Smith, Lisa M., and Ciao, Anna C.
- Subjects
- *
EATING disorders , *GREEK letter societies , *SOCIAL groups , *RESEARCH , *COGNITIVE dissonance , *PATHOLOGY - Abstract
Although sororities are often perceived as contributing to eating-disordered behavior, limited research has investigated eating disorders in sorority members. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of a highly interactive cognitive dissonance prevention program in reducing empirically supported risk factors in sorority members. Members (N = 149) were randomized to the highly interactive intervention, a more passive intervention, or wait-list. Results indicated that both interventions reduced dietary restraint, body dissatisfaction, and eating disorder pathology. Only the highly interactive group reduced thin-ideal internalization as compared to wait-list. Exploratory analyses also indicated that interventions were beneficial to both lower- and higher-risk members. Taken together, results suggest that sororities are a viable population to target in the prevention of eating disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
224. EIA founds HDTV resource center: unveils HDTV study
- Author
-
Smith, Lisa M.
- Subjects
High-definition television ,Arts and entertainment industries ,Business ,Electronic Industries Association - Abstract
EIA Founds HDTV Resource Center; Unveils HDTV Study A resource project known as the HDTV Information Center has been established in Washington, D.C. by the Electronics Industries Association (EIA) to [...]
- Published
- 1988
225. Zbig and VCA enter HDTV venture
- Author
-
Smith, Lisa M.
- Subjects
VCA Teletronics Inc. -- Contracts ,High-definition television -- Contracts ,Television production companies -- Contracts ,Arts and entertainment industries ,Business - Abstract
Zbig And VCA Enter Joint HDTV Venture 'The crisis of today's art,' according to Oscar-winning director Zbigniew (Zbig) Rybczynski, 'is that artists are undereducated...the film community is undereducated. And the [...]
- Published
- 1988
226. Competition for video talent intensifies in crowded market
- Author
-
Smith, Lisa M.
- Subjects
Television advertising production companies -- Human resource management ,Video production companies -- Human resource management ,Arts and entertainment industries ,Business - Abstract
Competition For Video Talent Intensifies In Crowded Market 'It's the people, not the equipment,' is perhaps the videotape industry's most prized maxim, but the problem of finding and keeping those [...]
- Published
- 1988
227. Not just a high-tech toy - HDTV gains acceptance in U.S. production community
- Author
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Smith, Lisa M.
- Subjects
High-definition television ,Television advertising production companies ,Television advertising ,Arts and entertainment industries ,Business - Abstract
Not Just A High-Tech Toy--HDTV Gains Acceptance In U.S. Production Community While talk about broadcast standards for high-definition television (HDTV) has been cheap, little media play has been given to [...]
- Published
- 1988
228. Music producers sing the praises of upbeat trends in creativity
- Author
-
Smith, Lisa M.
- Subjects
Music in advertising ,Television advertising ,Television advertising production companies ,Arts and entertainment industries ,Business - Abstract
Music Producers Sing The Praises Of Upbeat Trends In Creativity 'Give us something that sounds like...' has never been music to jingle producers' ears. But that request is thankfully much [...]
- Published
- 1988
229. Ad Council. Scali promote condom use in new PSAs
- Author
-
Smith, Lisa M.
- Subjects
Scali, McCabe, Sloves Inc. ,Safe sex -- Advertising ,Public service advertising ,Condoms -- Marketing ,Arts and entertainment industries ,Business ,Advertising Council -- Public relations - Abstract
Ad Council, Scali Promote Condom Use in New PSAs Every 20 minutes an American dies of AIDS. While in June of 1981 there were only six known cases of the [...]
- Published
- 1988
230. Filigree's computer images help NBC open the Olympics
- Author
-
Smith, Lisa M.
- Subjects
Filigree Films ,National Broadcasting Company Inc. ,Olympics -- Media coverage ,Computer animation -- Portrayals ,Arts and entertainment industries ,Business - Abstract
Filigree's Computer Images Help NBC Open The Olympics Well before the Games in Seoul began, a teamof computer animators at Filigree Films was running an Olympic marathon--a race against the [...]
- Published
- 1988
231. Broadcast Museum to screen VST's best of 1978-87
- Author
-
Smith, Lisa M.
- Subjects
Video Storyboard Tests Inc. -- Exhibitions ,Television advertising -- Exhibitions ,Arts and entertainment industries ,Business ,Museum of Television and Radio, New York, New York -- Exhibitions - Abstract
Broadcast Museum To Screen VST's Best Of 1978-87 By Lisa M. Smith The tenth anniversary of the advertising research company Video Storyboard Tests, Inc. (VST), will be marked at The [...]
- Published
- 1988
232. It's 4-4 time for Drayton, DiMinno, Holmes & Lucas
- Author
-
Smith, Lisa M.
- Subjects
4-4 Productions -- Management ,Music in advertising ,Television advertising ,Television advertising production companies -- Management ,Arts and entertainment industries ,Business - Published
- 1988
233. Music producers singing a new song this year
- Author
-
Smith, Lisa M.
- Subjects
Music industry ,Music in advertising ,Television advertising ,Arts and entertainment industries ,Business - Abstract
Music Producers Singing A New Song This Year By Lisa M. Smith When music producers were asked at the end of '87 to recount that year's breakthrough tunes, they drew [...]
- Published
- 1988
234. AMMI opens its door to public amid festivities
- Author
-
Smith, Lisa M.
- Subjects
Motion pictures ,Entertainment industry ,Video recordings ,Television programs ,Arts and entertainment industries ,Business ,American Museum of the Moving Image, Astoria, New York -- Management - Abstract
AMMI Opens Its Doors To Public Amid Festivities The American Museum of the Moving Image, the first museum dedicated to the art, history and technology of motion pictures, television and [...]
- Published
- 1988
235. From politics to products, fall promises conservative campaigns
- Author
-
Smith, Lisa M.
- Subjects
Television advertising -- Forecasts and trends ,Advertising campaigns -- Forecasts and trends ,Conservatism ,Arts and entertainment industries ,Business - Abstract
From Politics To Products, Fall Promises Conservative Campaigns Conservatism reigned in summer '88. In Atlanta, Michael Dukakis made competence superlative and in New Orleans George Bush made 'liberal' an epithet. [...]
- Published
- 1988
236. Paula Walker
- Author
-
Smith, Lisa M.
- Subjects
Television advertising directors ,Arts and entertainment industries ,Business - Abstract
Paula Walker Paula Walker's first job was as a dancer for Yiddish theatre troupes in L.A. She was nine years old. Later, film's magical 'ability to fracture time and space' [...]
- Published
- 1989
237. Rick Levine takes top spot honors from DGA; Bertolucci honored for 'Last Emperor.' (Directors Guild of America, Bernardo Bertolucci; includes related article)
- Author
-
Smith, Lisa M.
- Subjects
The Last Emperor (Motion picture) -- Achievements and awards ,Television advertising directors -- Achievements and awards ,Filmmakers -- Achievements and awards ,Arts and entertainment industries ,Business ,Directors Guild of America -- Achievements and awards - Abstract
Rick Levine Takes Top Spot Honors From DGA; Bertolucci Honored For 'Last Emperor' Rick Levine of Rick Levine Productions walked off with the 1987 commercial director of the year award [...]
- Published
- 1988
238. Fallon, Pytka create new ads for Lee jeans
- Author
-
Smith, Lisa M.
- Subjects
Fallon McElligott ,Lee Apparel Company Inc. -- Advertising ,Jeans (Clothing) -- Advertising ,Television advertising ,Arts and entertainment industries ,Business - Abstract
Fallon, Pytka Create New Ads For Lee Jeans By Lisa M. Smith Attempting to cut through the jumbled world of jeans advertising, Fallon McElligott will debut on June 4 an [...]
- Published
- 1988
239. A cinematographic renaissance
- Author
-
Smith, Lisa M.
- Subjects
Television advertising ,Cinematographers ,Arts and entertainment industries ,Business - Abstract
A Cinematic Renaissance While the creative cop-out of the mid-1980's commercial scene was glitz for glitz's sake and art direction as slick substitute for substance, cinematographers are heading for the [...]
- Published
- 1989
240. Putting on the Ritz - Nabisco debuts three long-format spots
- Author
-
Smith, Lisa M.
- Subjects
Nabisco Brands Inc. -- Advertising ,Television advertising ,Snack foods industry -- Advertising ,Arts and entertainment industries ,Business - Abstract
Putting On The Ritz--Nabisco Debuts Three Long-Format Spots With the glut of 30-second, 15-second and even 10-second spots currently on the airwaves, advertisers and their agencies will face in 1989 [...]
- Published
- 1989
241. DGA announces five nominees for spot director of year
- Author
-
Smith, Lisa M.
- Subjects
Television advertising directors -- Achievements and awards ,Arts and entertainment industries ,Business ,Directors Guild of America -- Achievements and awards - Abstract
DGA Announces Five Nominees For Spot Director Of Year The field of competition for the Directors Guild of America's (DGA) commercial director of the year award for 1987 has been [...]
- Published
- 1988
242. ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE LITTLE TRAIL CREEK SITE (24PA1081), GARDINER, MONTANA.
- Author
-
MACDONALD, DOUGLAS H., SMITH, LISA M., GISH, JANNIFER W., LIVERS, MICHAEL C., and MOSCHELLE, JUSTIN
- Subjects
- *
ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations , *PREHISTORIC settlements , *ARCHAIC cultures (Americas) , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL discoveries , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL site location , *MORAINES , *PREHISTORIC antiquities - Abstract
The article discusses various archaeological excavations by researchers from the University of Montana at the Little Trail Creek Site in the Gallatin National Forest near Gardiner, Montana in 2011, focusing on archaeological discoveries involving burn features and associated lithic, faunal, and ethnobotanical artifacts that date to between 1,000 and 1,300 calibrated (cal) years before present (B.P.) Glacial moraines are assessed, along with prehistoric and Late Archaic period projectile points.
- Published
- 2014
243. Prospective, Randomized Trial of Oral Piroxicam in the Prophylaxis of Postoperative Cystoid Macular Edema.
- Author
-
ABELSON, MARK B., SMITH, LISA M., and ORMEROD, L. DAVID
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
244. Topical Arachidonic Acid: A Model for Screening Anti-Inflammatory Agents.
- Author
-
ABELSON, MARK B., BUTRUS, SALIM I., KLIMAN, GILBERT H., LARSON, DAVID L., COREY, ELIAS J., and SMITH, LISA M.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
245. The Heat Is On: Maize Pollen Development after a Heat Wave.
- Author
-
Smith, Lisa M.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
246. Salicylic Acid, Senescence, and Heterosis.
- Author
-
Smith, Lisa M.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
247. Investigating the relationship between environmental quality, socio-spatial segregation and the social dimension of sustainability in US urban areas.
- Author
-
Buck, Kyle D., Summers, J. Kevin, and Smith, Lisa M.
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL quality ,CITIES & towns ,SOCIAL sustainability ,URBAN planning - Abstract
• Multivariate indices of residential segregation and sustainability are developed for all US Urban Areas. • Dimensions of sustainability evaluated in combination with socio-spatial segregation values. • The results indicate a positive correlation between segregation and the environmental dimension of sustainability. • Segregation and environmental quality are both negatively correlated with social and economic dimensions of sustainability. This work is intended to assess the relationship between the three dimensions of sustainability (environmental, economic, and social) and residential segregation broadly across US urban areas. Multivariate indices of segregation and sustainability are created using data aggregated to 933 US Census Core-Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs). The relationship between segregation and sustainability (and dimensions, independently) is analyzed across the CBSAs using correlation and spatial analyses. Results show an inverse relationship between segregation and sustainability, where increasing urban segregation corresponds to decreases in sustainability. Social and economic dimensions of sustainability are negatively correlated with segregation while the environmental dimension is positively correlated. Spatial analysis reveals regional associations between the measures with most of the lower sustainability scores and higher segregation scores occuring mainly in the South. The findings demonstrate an inverse relationship between segregation and sustainability as well as between the environmental and social dimensions. These correlations indicate a need to consider inequalities, and the social dimension of sustainability more broadly, when planning urban revitalization efforts. Spatial scale is also imperative to understanding and improving the social outcomes for all members of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
248. Automated grading system for evaluation of ocular redness associated with dry eye
- Author
-
Rodriguez, John D, Johnston, Patrick R, Ousler, George W, Smith, Lisa M, and Abelson, Mark B
- Subjects
conjunctival diseases ,classification ,diagnosis ,humans ,hyperemia ,image processing ,computer-assisted ,observer variation ,keratoconjunctivitis sicca - Abstract
Background: We have observed that dry eye redness is characterized by a prominence of fine horizontal conjunctival vessels in the exposed ocular surface of the interpalpebral fissure, and have incorporated this feature into the grading of redness in clinical studies of dry eye. Aim To develop an automated method of grading dry eye-associated ocular redness in order to expand on the clinical grading system currently used. Methods: Ninety nine images from 26 dry eye subjects were evaluated by five graders using a 0–4 (in 0.5 increments) dry eye redness (Ora Calibra™ Dry Eye Redness Scale [OCDER]) scale. For the automated method, the Opencv computer vision library was used to develop software for calculating redness and horizontal conjunctival vessels (noted as “horizontality”). From original photograph, the region of interest (ROI) was selected manually using the open source ImageJ software. Total average redness intensity (Com-Red) was calculated as a single channel 8-bit image as R – 0.83G – 0.17B, where R, G and B were the respective intensities of the red, green and blue channels. The location of vessels was detected by normalizing the blue channel and selecting pixels with an intensity of less than 97% of the mean. The horizontal component (Com-Hor) was calculated by the first order Sobel derivative in the vertical direction and the score was calculated as the average blue channel image intensity of this vertical derivative. Pearson correlation coefficients, accuracy and concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) were calculated after regression and standardized regression of the dataset. Results: The agreement (both Pearson’s and CCC) among investigators using the OCDER scale was 0.67, while the agreement of investigator to computer was 0.76. A multiple regression using both redness and horizontality improved the agreement CCC from 0.66 and 0.69 to 0.76, demonstrating the contribution of vessel geometry to the overall grade. Computer analysis of a given image has 100% repeatability and zero variability from session to session. Conclusion: This objective means of grading ocular redness in a unified fashion has potential significance as a new clinical endpoint. In comparisons between computer and investigator, computer grading proved to be more reliable than another investigator using the OCDER scale. The best fitting model based on the present sample, and usable for future studies, was C4=−12.24+2.12C2HOR+0.88C2RED:C4 is the predicted investigator grade, and C2HOR and C2RED are logarithmic transformations of the computer calculated parameters COM-Hor and COM-Red. Considering the superior repeatability, computer automated grading might be preferable to investigator grading in multicentered dry eye studies in which the subtle differences in redness incurred by treatment have been historically difficult to define.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
249. Complex Evolutionary Events at a Tandem Cluster of Arabidopsis thaliana Genes Resulting in a Single-Locus Genetic Incompatibility
- Author
-
Bomblies, Kirsten, Smith, Lisa M., and Weigel, Detlef
- Abstract
Non-additive interactions between genomes have important implications, not only for practical applications such as breeding, but also for understanding evolution. In extreme cases, genes from different genomic backgrounds may be incompatible and compromise normal development or physiology. Of particular interest are non-additive interactions of alleles at the same locus. For example, overdominant behavior of alleles, with respect to plant fitness, has been proposed as an important component of hybrid vigor, while underdominance may lead to reproductive isolation. Despite their importance, only a few cases of genetic over- or underdominance affecting plant growth or fitness are understood at the level of individual genes. Moreover, the relationship between biochemical and fitness effects may be complex: genetic overdominance, that is, increased or novel activity of a gene may lead to evolutionary underdominance expressed as hybrid weakness. Here, we describe a non-additive interaction between alleles at the Arabidopsis thaliana OAK (OUTGROWTH-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN KINASE) gene. OAK alleles from two different accessions interact in \(F_1\) hybrids to cause a variety of aberrant growth phenotypes that depend on a recently acquired promoter with a novel expression pattern. The OAK gene, which is located in a highly variable tandem array encoding closely related receptor-like kinases, is found in one third of A. thaliana accessions, but not in the reference accession Col-0. Besides recruitment of exons from nearby genes as promoter sequences, key events in OAK evolution include gene duplication and divergence of a potential ligand-binding domain. OAK kinase activity is required for the aberrant phenotypes, indicating it is not recognition of an aberrant protein, but rather a true gain of function, or overdominance for gene activity, that leads to this underdominance for fitness. Our work provides insights into how tandem arrays, which are particularly prone to frequent, complex rearrangements, can produce genetic novelty., Organismic and Evolutionary Biology
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
250. Correction to "Discovery of a Potent and Selective Covalent Inhibitor and Activity-Based Probe for the Deubiquitylating Enzyme UCHL1, with Antifibrotic Activity".
- Author
-
Panyain, Nattawadee, Godinat, Aurélien, Lanyon-Hogg, Thomas, Lachiondo-Ortega, Sofía, Will, Edward J., Soudy, Christelle, Mondal, Milon, Mason, Katie, Elkhalifa, Sarah, Smith, Lisa M., Harrigan, Jeanine A., and Tate, Edward W.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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