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To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2005.08.015 Byline: Yunus Aksoy (a), Athanasios Orphanides (b), David Small (b), Volker Wieland (c)(d)(e), David Wilcox (b) Abstract: Under a conventional policy rule, a central bank adjusts its policy rate linearly according to the gap between inflation and its target, and the gap between output and its potential. Under 'the opportunistic approach to disinflation' a central bank controls inflation aggressively when inflation is far from its target, but concentrates more on output stabilization when inflation is close to its target, allowing supply shocks and unforeseen fluctuations in aggregate demand to move inflation within a certain band. We use stochastic simulations of a small-scale rational expectations model to contrast the behavior of output and inflation under opportunistic and linear rules. Author Affiliation: (a) School of Economics, Mathematics and Statistics, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK (b) Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Washington, DC 20551, USA (c) Department of Economics, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Mertonstrasse 17, D-60054 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (d) CEPR, 90-98 Goswell Road, London EC1V 7RR, UK (e) Center for Financial Studies, Mertonstrasse 17, D-60054 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Article History: Received 1 August 2005; Accepted 4 August 2005

Staphylococcus aureus responds with protective strategies against phagocyte-derived reactive oxidants to infect humans. Herein, we report the transcriptome analysis of the cellular response of S. aureus to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. The data indicate that the oxidative response includes the induction of genes involved in virulence, DNA repair, and notably, anaerobic metabolism.

Study is conducted which focus on calculations and experiments that characterize the nature of sigma-dimers (sigma-P(sub2)) derived from a pair of phenalenyl radicals. Ab initio calculations reveal that the corresponding (one-electron) bond between phenalenyl radical and its closed-shell cation in sigma-P(sub 2)(super +dot) is unstable relative to dissociation.

Studies on neural networks indicate that the pattern of amnesia that occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be reproduced by synaptic loss, but only when this loss is accompanied by synaptic scaling, a homeostatic mechanism that maintains the level of excitatory input on postsynaptic neurons. It is suggested that increased cholinergic activity during the early stages of AD contributes to synaptic scaling and that acetylcholinesterase inhibitors improve cognition in AD patients by boosting this mechanism.

Objective. In a phase 3 trial, recombinant human activated protein C (drotrecogin alfa [activated]) significantly reduced mortality in adult patients with severe sepsis. We have now performed a preliminary analysis of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in pediatric patients with severe sepsis. Design and Setting. Open-label, nonrandomized, sequential, 2-part study conducted in 11 medical centers in the United States and United Kingdom. Patients. Eighty-three pediatric patients with severe sepsis aged term newborn ([greater than or equal to] 38 weeks' gestation) to Intervention. In part 1, drotrecogin alfa (activated) was administered as escalating doses of 6, 12, 24, and 36 [micro]g/kg per hour for 6 hours for each patient (n = 21). In part 2, drotrecogin alfa (activated) was infused at a rate of 24 [micro]g/kg per hour for 96 hours in 62 patients. Main Outcome Measures. Plasma clearance, plasma concentration, D-dimer, protein C, and antithrombin levels were measured, and adverse events were monitored. Results. The trial enrolled 83 pediatric patients with severe sepsis, aged term newborn ([greater than or equal to] 38 weeks' gestation) to Conclusions. Pediatric patients with severe sepsis manifest sepsis-induced coagulopathy including protein C deficiency comparable to that seen in adults with severe sepsis. The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic effects, and safety profile of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in pediatric patients are similar to those previously published for adult patients. A large, phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled study is ongoing to confirm these results and formally assess the safety and efficacy of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in children. Pediatrics 2004;113: 7-17; drotrecogin alfa (activated), activated protein C, Xigris, sepsis, pediatric., Severe sepsis, defined as sepsis associated with acute organ dysfunction, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children. (1-3) In children, as in adults, severe sepsis arises from [...]

It has been shown that the results of Q-model coincide very closely with free energy surfaces obtained from large-scale umbrella sampling MD runs on a realistic liquid-state system. The simulations were performed by using shell models for the solute and solvent.