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Thermally-reacted poly(methacrylamide) degrades under high-energy irradiation. It has a sensitivity of 2-3 × 10−7 C/cm2 when exposed to 10 KV electrons. The resist is thermally stable to 330°C and has a high glass transition temperature, 180 200°C. It may be used for the lift-off process and ion-milling.

Utilizing a new blood-analysis method which uses the interaction between an Ar + laser beam and a blood sample, it can be shown that there is a significant difference in the reflectance variation δ R between the malignant and benign blood, at 501.7 nm of the Ar + laser, under a dc magnetic field, for both human and mouse blood. For the malignant mouse-blood with leukaemia, δ R tends to be positive with the magnetic field, while for the benign blood it is negative. This is also true for the human blood. This fact is confirmed by the inverted variation of the higher order Fourier pattern obtained by the Fourier pattern analyser from the transmitted beam through the diluted sample, for the malignant and benign mouse-blood under the magnetic field.

直腸癌の術式選択にあたってはCTなどを用いて癌の進行度を客観的に把握する必要がある.CTから得られる直腸癌の情報は壁深達度, リンパ節転移, 浸潤度の3つである.CTによる壁深達度診断はRsを除く直腸癌に有用であり, 直腸傍リンパ節転移に対するCTの正診率は, 67.1%であった。CT画像上腫瘤陰影辺縁のケバダチ, 放射状陰影は腫瘍の浸潤度を反映し, INF分類に対応させることができた.CTは, 直腸癌の術式選択に客観的判断の材料を与えることができ有用である.

早期大腸癌の治療は,(1)5年生存率でほぼ100%近い数値が得られるような治療方針を立て,(2)その結果が得られる最小の侵襲で治療を行い,(3)その後も定期的に経過を観察するという3つの条件を満していることが必要である.進行癌と異なり,粘膜ないし粘膜下層に限局し,ごく一部の症例で周囲のリンパ節に転移を認めるだけなので,早期癌では過大な手術侵襲は不必要であり,原則的には腫瘍切除,局部切除あるいは近傍リンパ節郭清を含めた局所切除が行われている.腫瘍切除はほとんどの場合,大腸内視鏡によるendoscopic polypectomyであり,これによって切除され,その切除断端に癌がない場合は治療は完了したことになる.局所切除はendoscopic polypectomyでは切除が困難,ないしは不可能な病変に対して行う.結腸病変の局所切除は開腹して行わざるを得ないが,直腸病変に対しては,経肛門的切除法,経括約筋的切除法,経仙骨的切除法など開腹を必要としない手術方法が主として行われている.将来は結腸の局所切除も一部は経内視鏡的な手術や,レーザー照射などの開腹を必要としない操作に代りうる可能性がある.上部消化管ではendoscopic surgeryがすでに実用化しつつあり,これらの新しい方法は大腸疾患の分野にも応用されよう.ここでは現在行われている大腸早期癌の治療法を列記し,その適応,方法,成績,注意点などについて述べて行きたい.

潰瘍性大腸炎の経過中にSalmonella腸炎を合併した症例を報告した.潰瘍性大腸炎に合併したSalmonella腸炎では,proctocolitisを惹起することが多く臨床的にも組織学射にも鑑別することは困難なことが多い,そして,本症の増悪時にステロイド治療が奏効しない場合には,感染性腸炎ことにSalmonella腸炎の合併も念頭において検索をすすめる必要があると考えられた.

左側大腸炎型の潰瘍性大腸炎の緩解期に左大腿静脈血栓症を併発した1症例を経験した.本例は32歳の男性で左下肢腫脹が出現して,静脈造影で左大腿静脈部の陰影欠損,閉塞および血栓の存在が証明された。この際,血小板数は31.8万でやや多く,血小板粘着能の亢進,血小板凝集能の高値等がみられた。血液凝固能亢進状態が血栓形成の一因となっていることが示唆された。左下肢腫張は保存的治療で徐々に消失した。潰瘍性大腸炎に伴った動静脈血栓,塞栓症はBargen(1936年)の報告が初めてとされている。本邦では北村(1978年)らの発表以来6例で,いずれも重症に伴う血栓症である。本例は緩解期に発生したもので,潰瘍性大腸炎にしばしばみられる血液凝固能の亢進がその発生と関連性があったと考えられる。

Small sessile tumour and villous adenoma of the rectum are best treated first by complete local resection. This facilitates thorough examination of the lesion. The nature and the extent of the tumour can be thus accurately revealed. If it is known to be malignant with deep invasion, further radical surgery is mandatory. But, if it is benign or superficial, unnecessary radical operation should be avoided. Technically there are three methods of avail.1) transanal resection:suitable for low lying lesion.2) transsphincteric resection (Y. Mason):the exposure is excellent. The sphincter and the levator are divided together with the full-thickness of the rectal wall, but no anorectal dysfunction results, provided that the wound is accurately sutured in layers.3) transsacral resection (Kraske):the rectum is exposed dividing the levator and pelvic fascia, but the sphincter and puborectalis are retained intact. It also leaves the patient with normal anal function.

The integrated intensity of the fundamental vibration-rotation band of NO and the pressure-broadening parameters of NO with various foreign gases have been determined at room temperature by measuring the resonance absorption of the infrared emission line of the NO fundamental. The Hg photo-sensitized vibrational excitation of NO was utilized to obtain a light source for the NO fundamental. in which the individual rotational lines could be described in terms of the Doppler line profile at room temperature. The total band intensity was found to be 122 ± 6 cm-2 atm-1, and the collision-broadened full-widths at half maximum in CO2, N2, Ar, H2 and He gases were 0.10, 0.086, 0.059, 0.086 and 0.078 cm-1 atm-1, respectively.

症例は左側腹部痛と粘血便を主訴とした69歳の男性で,注腸X線検査および大腸内視鏡検査の結果,下行結腸に浅い小潰瘍を伴う大きさ4×3cmの粘膜下腫瘍を認め,左半結腸切除術および横行結腸直腸端々吻合を施行した,標本は組織学的に反応性のリンパ球増殖であるのか悪性リンパ腫なのか通常の染色では診断に苦慮した.そこでリンパ球の各抗原に対するモノクロナール抗体を用いたAvidin-Biotin-Colnplex法によって免疫組織学的検索を行った,パラフィン切片では膜抗原の保存性が悪く,凍結切片を用いることにより,λ-chainだけからなるIgMを産生するモノクローナルなB細胞の瀰慢性増殖を示す悪性リンパ腫であると診断できた.またこの悪性細胞はintermediateB細胞,matureB細胞およびlarge non-cleavedcellの一部にみられるB2抗原が陽性であった.

大腸癌初回手術で肝転移の合併切除をうけたものおよび,肝転移で再発しその切除をうけたものについて治療成績を検討した.初回手術時肝転移の切除例は16例を経験し,このうち,H1は10例,H2は6例で,転移巣の個数は1個8例,2個4例,3個以上4例,肝転移巣の最大径は3cm以下11例,3～5cm2例,5cm以上3例であった。肝転移再発の切除例は23例で,H1は17例,H2は6例で,転移巣の個数は1個8例,2個9例,3個以上6例,肝転移巣の最大径は3cm以下5例,3～5cm9例,5cm以上9例であった.転移巣切除後6カ月～8年6カ月の観察期間中,再発を認めなかったものは初回手術時切除の3例,肝再発切除の6例で,とくに後者のうち3例は切除後5年以上生存している.肝転移の切除を行わなかったものには3年1カ月以上の生存例はなく,肝転移巣の切除は大腸癌肝転移に対して,有効であると考えられた。

Metabolic and nutritional changes ensue from total or subtotal colectomy and they often last many years. Initially, the effluent through ileostomy stoma is massive and depletion of water and electrolytes is prominent requiring parenteral substitutional therapy. The effluent gradually decreases in a certain period of time because of the increase of ileal absorption and the renal compensatory mechanism. The fact that the renin-angiotensin system plays an important role to maintain the water balance was proven in personal cases. However, latent depletion of water and electrolytes lasts as a rule provoking at times renal calculi formation and dehydration with severe symptoms. Moreover, accompanying loss of terminal ileum produces disturbance of bile salts metabolism giving rise to elevated lithogenicity of bile with gall stone formation and malabsorption of fatty substances. Absorption of VB12 is occasionally impaired.

Using the attenuation and cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) statistics measured in the CS (20/30 GHz) and BSE (12/14 GHz) centimeter wave propagation experiments performed for over four and three years, the worst month statistics of attenuation and those of XPD on earth-space path at 11.7 and 19.5 GHz are derived. The probability relation between the annual and worst month statistics is approximated by a power-law relation, and the constants for the relation are derived by a least squares procedure. It is found that the relation is independent of both frequency and polarization. The cumulative probability ratios of the worst month to annual statistics at the same attenuation or XPD values are derived as a function of annual cumulative probability. The ratios are well described by the Brussaard model of the worst month statistics. Attenuation ratio and XPD difference among the annual and worst month statistics are also derived and compared with the predicted results.

症例は甲状腺手術歴のある75歳女性,主訴は腹部膨満,便秘.昭和55年頃から高度の便秘で下剤を連用していた.昭和59年7月,イレウスと診断され,手術を受けたが,術後も腹部膨満が続き,昭和60年9,見当科に入院した.入院時,腹部は著しく膨満していた.腹部単純X線所見では大腸は著しく拡張し,注腸造影検査では大腸に器質的狭窄を認めなかった.甲状腺機能検査では一次性甲状腺機能低下症を認めた.以上の、所見から甲状腺機能低下症に続発した偽性腸閉塞症と診断した.拡張部腸管の減圧のために経肛門的に減圧管を挿入し,高カロリー輸液を施行し,原疾患に対しては甲状腺末を投与したところ,血中甲状腺ホルモン値が正常化するとともに腹部膨満も消失し,軽快退院した.甲状腺機能低下症に続発した偽性腸閉塞症の本邦報告例は1987年8月末まで5例のみであった.慢性続発性偽性腸閉塞症に対しては拡張部腸管の減圧と原因疾患に対する治療が必要である.

潰瘍性大腸炎症例の便中細菌叢を,経時的に検索し,それぞれの病期の推移によりどのような変化を来たすか比較検討した.本症患者14例について,延べ36回便を採取し嫌気性培養を施行し細菌叢を検索した.本症では,罹患範囲にかかわらず緩解期から活動期またはその反対の経過を追って調べると,便中総菌数と嫌気性菌数がほぼ例外なく活動期に著明に減少し,各菌群の中では,BacteroidaceaeとEubacteriumが同様の変動を示した、本症の活動期においてこのような変化を来たす原因として,第1に炎症性変化が強い為,粘膜の恒常性が保たれないこと,第2に腸通過時間の変化により腸管内環境が変化すること,第3に何らかの機序により大腸内の酸素張力の増加,酸化・還元電位の増加がおこっていること,などが考えられた.索引用語:潰瘍性大腸炎,便中細菌叢,嫌気性菌

A case of multiple trichilemmal cysts is presented. After trauma, a large tumor developed on one of the cysts. The histologic features of this tumor were similar to those of proliferating trichilemmal cyst, but some of the tumor cells showed definite nuclear atypicality. The malignant potential of this tumor was confirmed by later development of metastases to the regional lymph nodes.

A case of classical Sturge-Weber syndrome associated with infantile spasms (female infant, aged 4 months) was presented. The association of both conditions would be very rare since no similar case was found among 214 cases of Sturge-Weber syndrome and 1,180 cases of infantile spasms gathered from the literature, except for one who was reported by Millichap et al. Evolutional changes of electroencephalographic findings were followed up for about 3 years on average in 5 personal cases of Sturge-Weber syndrome. Unilateral depression of electrical activity in the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to the facial nevi was the constant finding. Focal spike discharges were noticed only in the contralateral hemisphere in 3 cases, only in the ipsilateral in 1, and in the bilateral in 1.

(1) In the previous report, the authors had proved that the number of sweet potato tubers per sprout were certainly increased by soaking the sprout in synthetic growth substance (pota-ssium α-naphthaleneacetate). The study reported here were successively carried out in 1945-47. (2) The growth hormone was significantly effective on increasing tuber numbers on the various sprouts, except on very small and tender ones, and these were especially remarkable for the hard ones. On the sprout having small leaf area, the effect was also observed. (3) In every case, the hormones-like effect (tuber increasing effect), can be observed by water soaking treatment, and because these effects were distinguished from those of hor-mone by shortening the time of the treatment, it seems that these were due to quick root deve-looment, by absorbing water. (4) The effect of the growth hormone treatment on increasing tuber numbers was also observed on the comparatively dried or high nitrogen level fields, but were not especially remarkable as compared with ordinary ones. (5) When the growth hormone or the watersoaking treatment was effective on increasing the tuber numbers, the length of the tuber necks were shortened and this fact was especially remarkable under the dry condition of the field. This fact seems to denote that by hormone or water treatments, root tuber formation was smoothly occured and cork formation of root tissues were delayed. (6) Why the numbers of the tuber were increased by hormone treatment? We consi-dered the following reasons, A. Acceleration of root formation. B. To increase the number of roots. C. Cork formation of root tissues were delayed. Above facts show from nutritional condition of sprout that the nutrient of sprout (stored and elaborated) might be translocated to roots predominantly. (7) The effect of the treated solution on the root numbers in the early stage of the tuber growth was tested with the seven varieties. The results show that 0.002% solution was most effective for four varieties, 0.005% was for two, 0.0005% was for one. (8) Effects of the hormone treatment on the tuber yield, were almost insigni fi cant, so we can not discuss statistically and it seems that the growth hormone treatment did not necessarily cause increasing of the root tuber yield.

Thirty cases of rectal procidentia underwent various operative procedures were reported. The incidence rose to a peak in the third decade in both sexes but there was another peak in the seventh decade in the female. In contrast to the fact that the disease is more prone to occur in the female in Europe and America, there were more male patients in our series as in most of the Japanese reports. There was an unusual case, a 16-year-old male patient, who had procidentia with particular form of rectial adenomata in association with. abundant retcal secretion resulting in hypoproteinemia and hypopotassenemia, which disappeared after pull-through resection of the rectum.The commonest antecedant etiologic condition was costipation. Electro-myographic study was carried out to verify the dysfunction of the pelvic floor in cases of the rectall prolapse. The dysfunctioning pelvic floor is an important precipitating condition, if not a primary etiology, in developing and accelerating the prolapse.Of manifold therapeutic procedures, Roscoe-Graham's operation was most effective to, prevent recurrence. The Gant-Miwa plication method with Thiersch wire was proved to be a simple but effective procedure and worthy of trial.

A broad-band Smith-diagram display unit has been developed by using a new waveguide circuit called a phase-directional coupler. Among the interesting features of this new display unit are its broad-band capabilities, high precision and simple construction. A "vibrating-dummy method" has been developed as a perfect termination in contrast with the well-known "sliding-load method." The Smith-diagram display unit of small reflection coefficients was achieved by combining this new method with the above display unit. Included in this paper are the experimental results obtained at 6 Gc and 11 Gc.

In the preceding paper in this series (Part II) four different chemisorbed species of hydrogen on platinum surface were detected by the temperature programmed desorption technique (TPD). In the present paper, hydrogen-deuterium surface exchange was investigated at low temperatures (−76 ° to −195 °C) between D 2 (or H 2 ) preadsorbed on the platinum surface and H 2 (or D 2 ) in the gas phase. Various types of chemisorbed hydrogen were prepared by the temperature programmed desorption technique as described in Part II and their participation in the exchange reaction was examined. One of the four types of chemisorbed hydrogen, presumed to be present on the surface in the form of hydrogen atoms chemisorbed on top of platinum atoms, was found to undergo readily surface exchange at −100 °C or at higher temperatures with hydrogen molecules in the gas phase. It was found also that isotopic equilibration of gaseous mixtures of H 2 and D 2 occurred much faster than the surface exchange reaction; the former reaction occurred even at −195 °C while the latter was immeasurably slow. The results suggest that another type of chemisorbed hydrogen, presumably hydrogen molecules chemisorbed in linear form, may take part in isotopic exchange. Isotopic equilibration at −195 °C is believed to involve chemisorbed hydrogen molecules of this type.

PAOSCLE consists of 5 % phenol in almond oil, effect of which on hemorrhoids and other anal diseases was clinically studied. The effectiveness of the agent was judged on the basis of the calculating table devised by, Sakabe and others.The agent was remarkably effective for bleeding from hemorrhoids. The rate of effectiveness on the first trial was 97.0 %, 66.0 % and 66.7 % for the first, the second and the third grade hemorrhoids respectively. The rate of effectiveness on the second trial improved up to 100.0 %, 88.7 % and 93.3 % respectively. The data show bleeding from hemorrhoids is suspended by the agent in almost every case of hemorrhoids. The result was especially good when the amount of injection was 5 cc or more at one trial.The effect was also noticed as for the mild prolapse of hemorrhoids, although in that case repeated injection was required. The bleeding from prolapsed mucosa in the cases of so-called " Whitehead-anus " also favorably responded to the injection. However, no effect was noticed in rectal prolapse.Any influence on liver functions or hematologies were not observed. The side-effect was nil except only a case of temporary malaise. Sclerotherapy with such a low-density agent as PAOSCLE is quite free from such harmful results as induced by conventional necrotherapy.Sclerotherapy with PAOSCLE is recommended as a measure of choice before the trial of operation.

A number of cross-pollination tests were carried out from 1959 to 1961 among 20 commercial apple varieties and 31 of their hybrids bred at our Station.Unfruitfulness was observed in the crosses between hybrids and their parents. The hybrid G. Y 44 or G. Y 53 (G. Y shows a hybrid obtained from the cross between Golden Delicious (_??_) and Yellow Newtown (_??_)) did not pollinize Yellow Newtown satisfactorily and the same was true of the reciprocal pollination. G. Y 44 also did not well pollinize G. Y 53. Pollination between either of these hybrids and Golden Delicious did not show unfruitfulness. Dr. KIKUCHI found in Japanese pear such an unfruitfulness in the cross-pollination between hybrids and their father. Most pear hybrids which were incompatible to their father were incompatible each other too. He called this phenomenon“patroclinal incompatibility”.Pollination was unsuccessful in the following pairs of the hybrids raised from the same parents: M. W 107 & M. W 30 (the cross between McIntosh and Worcester Pearmain); J. G 84 & J. G 51 (Jonathan× Golden Delicious); J. W 50 & J. W 32 (Jonathan× Worcester Pearmain) and R. D 329 & R. D 125 (Ralls× Delicious).Unfruitfulness was often observed in the crossing between certain hybrids having either same mother or father. Those pairs were as follows: Megumi (R. J) & J. G 51; Red Gold (G. D) & J. G 51. This phenomenon seems to be explained by the hypothesis of oppositional factors.Any cross between hybrids which descended from different parents is compatible each other, excepting a case in which R. J 259 (Ralls×Jonathan) pollinated with Red Gold bore only a few fruits for two successive years.Several hybrids and varieties poorly pollinized Early Red Bird variety. But this seemed to be caused by a certain mechanism other than cross- incompatibility, because in the reciprocal pollination high fruit set resulted.Pollen of any variety or hybrid employed in this work germinated well on artificial medium. Even the pollen of J. G 51 which failed to pollinize well Megumi and Red Gold, germinated normally. Yellow Newton pollinated by G. Y 44 and J. G 84 pollinated by J. G 51 set few fruits. But the seeds obtained from these fruits germinated well in sand bed and resulted in healthy seedlings.The hybrid seedlings obtained in this work had often three cotyledons. Frequency of such seedlings varied with cross-combinations. It was especially high in the crossing in which Orei was used as a female parent.

Hydrogen storage in rare earth intermetallic compounds has been undertaken by the use of methanol, in which the possibility of methanol as a vector for chemical hydrogen carriers has been studied. The hydrogen storage efficiency of methanol is relatively high. When the activated DyFe 2 and ErFe 2 were brought into contact with methanol vapor (40 Torr) in the range 393–453 K, hydride formation readily occurred, where methanol was decomposed over the compounds to form quantitatively carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the form of metal hydride. The characteristics of the reaction were kinetically studied by isotope techniques.

1. With certain varieties of apples, a number of cross pollinations were conducted in 1961 for the purpose of breeding. Among the many F1 seedlings in 1962, albino seedlings were found, which ceased their growth soon after the sprouting and died away. The relation of the frequency of albino to the cross combination was investigated.2. Of 29 cross combinations, 14 crosses segregated the normal seedling and albino at the rate of 3:1, while the other 15 crosses produced no albino seedlings. Thus, it suggests that such varieties as Golden Delicious, Jonathan, Megumi, J. G-93, etc. had a recessive lethal gene in the heterozygous type respectively, and albino seedlings had recessive lethal genes in the homozygous type. On the other hand, those varieties as Yellow Transparent, Red Gold, Starking, Winesap and G. Y-172, seemed to have no lethal gene and never produced albino seedlings.

In 26 patients with cancer of the stomach, bone marrow function, cell mediated immunity and plasma CEA level were examined after administration of ACN-U. ACNU was given intravenously and intermittently with 5-FU given orally daily. Results 1) Delayed myelosuppression was observed in every cases and reached to the nadir in 2-7 weeks after ACNU administration. 2) Bone marrow suppression and recovery therefrom were observed earlier in platelet counts than in RBC and WBC counts. 3) Suppression of cell mediated immunity was not observed later than 4 weeks after ACNU administration. 4) Plasma CEA level decreased or stopped to increase after ACNU administration in 5 out of 8 patients having a high CEA level before treatment. 5) Regression of tumor size was observed in 4 out of 5 patients in whom a tumor was palpable. Conclusion ACNU has a strong antitumor activity and may be more effective if combined with antimetabolite agent, such as 5FU. Total dosage of ACNU given safely in one series was considered to be 150-200mg. Next series of ACNU administration should be started after restoration of platelet counts more than 100,000/mm3 was obtained.

An intrahepatic cholangiojejunostomy at segment III or segment IV (surgical bypass) was performed for 13 unresectable hepatic hilar carcinoma patients after reduction of jaundice. Compared with the result of external biliary drainage alone, the 30-day mortality rate was 1/13 in the surgical bypass group and 4/12 in the external biliary drainage group. The incidence of postoperative cholangitis in each group was 3/13, 6/17 and the mean survival rate was 155 days, 96 days. It was concluded that intrahepatic cholangiojejunostomy for unresectable hepatic hilar carcinoma, contributed to a temporary return to normal life, gave better results than external biliary drainage.

The distribution of five types of collagen and fibronectin in 6 normal and 9 keratoconus corneas was examined, using immunofluorescent staining and the enzyme-labeled antibody method. Types I, III and V collagens were detected in the corneal stroma. There was essentially no difference between normal and keratoconus corneas in their distribution. Type IV collagen and fibronectin were detected in the basement membrane of the normal corneal epithelium, while in the keratoconus corneas the disruption of the basement membrane as well as the excrescence of basement membrane materials was observed. The abnormal distribution of the type IV collagen and fibronectin was also observed in the anterior stromal area of keratoconus corneas.

A very rare case of a tubular adenoma of the breast is reported. The patient, 59-year-old woman, was admitted to hospital because of a large, left breast tumor. The tumor, 11 cm in diameter, was adhered to the surface skin. Because a malignancy was suspected, an incisional biopsy was first carried out. A pathologic examination revealed it to be a tubular adenoma, and a simple mastectomy was chosen as the operative procedure because a latent malignancy was not ruled out. The removed tumor was grossly cystic and a histological examination supported the finding that it was a non-malignant tubular adenoma.

Intracytoplasmic lumina (ICLs) of breast carcinoma cells are dominantly noted as rather specific structures in various organella of carcinoma cells. The present study deals with the characteristic patterns of ICLs in the ultrastructural and cytological features of breast carcinomas. Ultrastructural analysis of benign and malignant breast lesions for ICLs revealed a high occurrence of such lumina in the carcinomas. Especially the lumina were frequently noted in cells of scirrhous carcinomas (scirrhous carcinoma: 42 ICLs, medullary tubular carcinoma: 24, papillotubular carcinoma: 17 per each 300 carcinoma cells, mastopathy: 7 ICLs, fibroadenoma: 3, normal mammary gland: 1 or 2 per each epithelial cell). In 55.6% of the cytological cases of scirrhous carcinoma, the tumor cells showed ICLs, whereas such lumina were found at a rate of only 3.4% in benign lesions. These results demonstrate that the detection of ICLs by cytological examination can be useful in the establishment of a diagnosis of scirrhous carcinoma, and in the decision on a breast origin for metastatic tumors.

In a group of 112 patients with ulcerative colitis, eight patients (7.1%) developed the complication of urolithiasis. A higher incidence was found in those with total colitis (15.4%) and in postoperative patients (20%). The mean period between the onset of colitis and the initial urinary symptoms was 5.4 yr. All the analyzed stones contained oxalate and seven of eight patients had hyperoxaluria, which was believed to be one of the important lithogenic factors. Increased urinary Ca/Mg ratio, steroid, and sulfasalazine are suggested as the other lithogenic factors in patients with ulcerative colitis.