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Coconut water obtained from the mature coconuts was blended with lemon juice to develop a refreshing beverage. The levels of total soluble solids (°Brix) in the coconut beverage and lemon juice (%), were optimized using response surface methodology and considering pH, CIE L* value and sensory attributes (colour, aroma, taste, consistency and overall acceptability) as responses. A number total of 14 experiments were carried out following Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) keeping 6 experiments at centre point. The data obtained were analyzed using multiple regression technique and the quadratic equations (R(2), 98.14-99.89 %) were found to fit well in describing the effect of variables on responses studied. An optimum condition for the coconut water beverage was obtained at 13.5°Brix blended with 2 % lemon juice. The mature coconut water beverage blended with lemon juice showed a shelf-life of 6 months in packed conditions at low (5 °C), ambient (25 ± 2 °C) and high (37 °C) temperatures on the basis of physicochemical, microbiological and sensory attributes.

An attempt was made to utilize the residual coconut pulp left in the tender coconuts after removal of coconut water. The coconut pulp was mixed with pineapple pulp in different proportions to increase the acceptability of the jam. An increase in the level of coconut pulp was found to significantly (p < 0.05) increase the fat content as well as Na, K, and Ca contents in the jam. Texture profile analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in hardness whereas adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness increased significantly (p < 0.05) with an increase in the level of coconut pulp in the jam affecting its setting quality. The L* and a* values were found to increase significantly (p < 0.05), whereas b* values decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with an increase in the tender coconut pulp level. The jam containing 75 % tender coconut pulp and 25 % pineapple pulp showed a maximum sensory acceptability for the mixed jam. The jam prepared at optimum conditions of coconut and pineapple pulp showed a good sensory acceptability after 6 months of storage at 28 ± 2 and 37 °C storage conditions on the basis of physicochemical and sensory attributes.

Background: The study on self-perceived uselessness may help health-care workers to provide opportunities for intervention for increased quality of health and greater survival rate in elderly. Objectives: To find the prevalence of self-perceived uselessness and its determinants among the elderly residents of old age homes of North Bengaluru. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken on 129 elderly aged 60 years and above in the old age homes of North Bengaluru. Self-perceived uselessness, sociodemographic variables, morbidity status, functional status, financial status, and personal habits were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Proportions, percentages, and Chi-square test were used for analysis. Results: Nearly half (45%) of the elderly had agreed that they had perceived themselves as useless as they age. Majority of those who perceived uselessness had one or >1 chronic morbidities and were functionally dependent (81.2%). Significant association was seen between self-perceived uselessness and functional dependency, gender, education, and having some form of activities during their leisure time. Conclusions: It can be concluded that self-perceived uselessness is quite prevalent in nearly one-half of the elderly in the old age homes in North Bengaluru having significant association with variables such as gender, education, leisure activities, and functional status.

Aim: To assess the efficacy of liquid paraffin as a rehydrant for air dried buccal smear based on the nuclear and cytoplasmic details. Background: Buccal smear is useful for diagnosing Malignancy, Fungal infection, Viral infection and Vesicullobullous dermatoses. The routine practice is to wetfixthe smear and send them to the laboratory for staining and evaluation by a cytopathologist. But drying of smears is inevitable, especially when the aspirate is less and when there is improper fixation. This can cause drying artifacts. An alternative method for overcoming this problem is intentional air drying followed by rehydration. Many rehydrants have been experimented upon. The most common rehydrant being saline. The present study is done to check the efficacy of liquid paraffin as a rehydrant. Material and methods: 2 sets of 20 buccal smears were collected from the patients. One set air dried for 24 hours and the other wet fixed. Conventional pap staining was then carried out. The slides were examined by two observers for preservation of Nuclear and cytoplasmic details based on the semi quantitative scoring system. Results: Excellent nuclear details were seen in 45% of air dried smear compared to 25%in routine wet fixation. The cytoplasmic details of air dried smear and routine wet fixed smear was the same. Conclusion: Liquid paraffin as a rehydrant has shown promising results and the nuclear details were found to marginally better than in routine wet fixed smear. Air dried buccal smears can be used in routine practice especially in rural areas where there is limited access to laboratories and for mass screening.

Objective:-1)To compare the intensity of light green stain as cytoplasm and nuclear fast red as nuclear stain compare with routine haematoxylin and eosin stain.2)To evaluate the accuracy of light green stain and nuclear fast red as an alternative stain used in cytology. Materials and methods: 30 buccal smears were collected from 10 healthy patients. they were categorized into 3 groups according to type stains were used. Result: this present study showed statically significant, p value >0.001.Conclusion:Several modifications have been made to improve their efficiency, There has been a rising need for efficient, accurate and less complex staining procedures is required

Introduction: Body adiposity measured by percentage of body fat (BF%) is found to be better predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than body mass index (BMI). Limited information exists showing relationship between BMI and BF% in North Indian population. Objectives: To study the relationship between BMI and BF% among North Indian adult females across various age strata and level of BMI. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Ballabgarh Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS) among randomly selected females. BMI using standard techniques and BF% using bioelectrical impedance analysis was estimated. Linear regression was performed using general linear model with BF% as dependent variable and BMI as main independent variable. Results: Mean (±2 SD) age of participants was 41.3 ± 15.7 years. Mean BMI (±SD) was 23.3 (±4.6) kg/m2, whereas mean fat mass (±2 SD) and BF% (±95% CI) was 19.2 (±7.9) kg and 33.6 (±6.9) %. BMI and BF% were highly correlated among obese (r = 0.77), whereas least correlated (r = 0.32) in underweight females. Across age strata, correlation between BMI and BF% was maximum in 18–35 years age group (r = 0.95), whereas least in females ≥56 years (r = 0.67). Age and BMI together predicted 73% of variability in BF% in hierarchical linear regression model. Conclusions: In this population, we have found strong correlation between BMI and BF% particularly at higher level of BMI and in younger females. There is need to conduct more robust prospective longitudinal studies to assess BF%, which is a better predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Background: Anemia is a major public health problem in India affecting people in all age groups with major consequences for human health as well as economic development. Hence the study aims to assess prescribing pattern of physicians in anemia and to create awareness among in-patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: A prospective and observational study was carried out in 180 in-patients admitted to General Medicine department in a tertiary care teaching hospital diagnosed with anemia for 6 months. Data was collected from case sheets of patients and assessed for prescribing pattern and direct interview was conducted with patients using standardized KAP questionnaire on anemia.Results: Among 180 in-patients, 126 patients (70%) were females and 54 patients (30%) were males. As part of the therapy, folic acid with vitamin combinations (37 prescriptions) followed by elemental iron with folic acid combinations (32 prescriptions) were most prescribed drugs. KAP questions were scored appropriately and compared with hemoglobin levels. Knowledge level of patients was not significantly correlated (i.e., p=0.254) with their haemoglobin levels. There was a highly significant positive correlation (i.e., p=0.006) between attitude scores of patients and haemoglobin levels. A significant positive correlation (i.e., p=0.001) was found between practice scores of patients and hemoglobin levels.Conclusions: This study clearly showed that prescribing pattern of drugs in anemia patients’ needs to be continuously evaluated. To address the issue of anemia, the patient’s awareness should be enhanced.

Agriculture productivity mainly depends on Indian economy. Hence, Disease prediction plays a important role in agriculture field. In image analyzing the symptoms is an essential part for feature extraction and classification. However, some of the challenges are still lacking to predict the disease. To meet those challenges, the proposed algorithm focuses on a specific problem to predict the disease from early symptoms. Bacterial Leaf Blight and Brown Spot are a major bacterial and fungal disease respectively in rice (Oryza sativa) crops, it causes yield loss and reduce the grains quality. This research work focused on automatic detection method for image segmentation on rice leaves under wide range of environmental condition for further analysis. Various hybrid techniques for image segmentation and classification algorithms were analyzed and an automatic detection method has been proposed for identifying the specified diseases in rice leaves under different environmental condition.

Coin is very important role in human’s day life. For daily routine like shop, super market, banks etc the coins to be used. The coin is important part of economies and currency and it is used to pay for goods and also for our needs. Here the Indian coin has many number of count five rupee, ten rupee, two rupee, from this any one of the coin we are going to extract the texture feature for our Indian coin, first step is to preprocess the image is that method to enhance the image and remove the noise from enhanced image. For extracting clear information the image has to be preprocessed through some of the filtering techniques such as image size has to be resized, changing the contrast of the image, changing RGB to grayscale conversion for further operation such as segmentation and classification. At last the values to be compared by using PSNR, SNR, MSE of Filter noise removal with respective coin images.

The aim of this research is to study and enhance the applications of most profitable technology in cloud computing ever "Virtualization". Back then, a 15 years before, nobody knows about the technology named cloud computing exists. But now, every technology such as personal computer, mobile phone, tablet PC, even televisions rely on cloud computing. Cloud computing helps greatly in reducing costs, scalability and flexibility in computer services. Virtualization is the technology that helps cloud computing to emerge in a large profitable level. Using virtualization (such as server, network and storage virtualization technologies), the resource cost is reduced in great level.

A Collaborative Multi-domain sentiment type of communicate to teach view point classifier for more than one company at a time. For this method, the view point facts in one-of-a-type domain names is given to teach more precise and strong view point classifier for both area while labelled records is short supply. Particularly, we putrefy the view point classifier of area into activities, an international one and website precise one. The global model can seize the general sentiment information and is given by using the usage of numerous companies. The vicinity unique model can seize the appropriate view point voicing in every area. Further, we extract region specific view point records for every labelled and unlabelled representative in every area and use it to intensify the mastering area-precise sentiment classifiers. Except, we comprise the opposition among companies to communicate standardise over an area precise view point classifiers to inspire the sharing of view point data among the same domain names. sorts of area standardise compute are explored, one based mostly on text and the alternative based one totally in view point voicing. Here after, we initiate green algorithms to remedy the version of same method. Probing consequences on Benchmark datasets display this method can efficiently make better the overall showing of multi area view point class and substantially overstep baseline strategies.

Automatic detection of plant diseases is one the important challenging problems in agriculture field. So the basic analyzing method for automatic identification is filtering technique of preprocessing method. Hence, this Image filtering plays a important role to remove noise from image. Consequently this preprocessing method is the initial stage to make better image quality. The purpose of this paper is comparing four types of filtering techniques to differentiate the image quality in Gaussian filter, median filter, mean filter and weiner respectively filter using common data set. The image quality of overall results shows that the comparison of various filtering technique performed to enhancement quality using hybrid technique. So this paper gives best starting for researchers to automatic detection of rice plant disease detection.

This paper presents VLSI implementation of handwritten digit recognition system based on analog neural network. The recognition system is based on the least hamming distance neural network which both learning and classification. The circuit is simulated using SPICE tool at 180nm CMOS technology. The proposed circuit is modified version of existing circuit where initially first winner output voltage is set to logic one and rest all to logic zero and also determines next subsequent winner having minimum hamming distance. This type of circuit can be utilized by visual tracking system providing them ability to have backup recognition utility in case first recognized pattern proves to be incorrect. This design shows low power consumption of 34mW.

The aim of this paper is to study about detection of Nimbostratus clouds. In recent days the detection of clouds producing precipitation is very necessary for climate research and weather forecasting. Nimbostratus clouds are thick, dark clouds which produces heavy intensity rain. Precipitable Water Vapour (PWV) is a key element which influences atmospheric conditions but is difficult to measure. This study involves the estimation of PWV using temperature and vapour pressure. The brightness temperature observations from 6.7μm water vapour channel are used to calculate the PWV. GRIDSAT data from NOAA’s National Climatic Data Centre is also used in this analysis. The variation of PWV for Nimbostratus clouds for a period May-December 2014 is studied in this paper. The analysis of the results obtained from the proposed method shows that, the Nimbostratus clouds have high PWV values.

A patent is an intellectual property document that protects new inventions. It covers how things work, what they do, how they do it, what they are made of and how they are made. The owner of the granted patent application has the ability to take a legal action to stop others from making, using, importing or selling the invention without permission. While applying for a patent, the inventor has issues in identifying similar patents. Citations of related patents, which are referred to as the prior art, should be included while applying for a patent. We propose a system to develop a Patent Search Engine to identify related patents. We also propose a system to predict Business Trends by analyzing the patents. In our proposed system, we carry out a query independent clustering of patent documents to generate topic clusters using LDA. From these clusters, we retrieve query specific patents based on relevance thereby maximizing the query likelihood. Ranking is based on relevancy and recency which can be performed using BM25F algorithm. We analyze the Topic-Company trends and forecast the future of the technology which is based on the Time Series Algorithm - ARIMA. We evaluate the proposed methods on USPTO patent database. The experimental results show that the proposed techniques perform well as compared to the corresponding baseline methods.

Speech is an important means of communication. Gender is the most significant characteristic of speech. Pitch is commonly used feature for gender classification as it differs in male and female voice. But this method is not applicable in cases where pitch of male and female is almost the same. In this paper the above limitations are rectified by extracting other features like Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC), energy entropy and frame energy estimation from real time male and female voices. The gender classification is done by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The features extracted from the same word spoken by male and female are compared and classified. Likewise, speaker saying different words are related and gender is categorized indicating that the features considered are content independent. The experimental results show that SVM classification performed better than ANN in the gender identification of speech using the same features.

Cloud computing is the new business paradigm introduced in the IT market in the current decade providing the customers with the option to pay for the amount of service utilized. The use of cloud computing has increased rapidly in many organizations. Ensuring security of data in a cloud is a major factor in the cloud computing environment, as users often store fragile information in cloud storage. Public auditing on shared data stored in the cloud is done by exploiting Aggregate Signature Scheme. With this mechanism, the identity of the signer of various blocks of shared data is kept private from public verifiers, who are able to verify efficiently the integrity of shared data without retrieving the entire file. However traceability is a major issue. A Multi-clouds Database Model (MCDB) which is based on Multi-clouds service providers instead of using single cloud service provider such as in Amazon cloud service is used to implement traceability. Also, dealing with single cloud providers is predicted to become less popular with customers due to risks of service availability failure and the possibility of malicious insiders in the single cloud. A movement towards multi-clouds is highly efficient and this system would also check for the data's which are attacked by malicious users, with short time and cost requirement.

In this paper, a standalone wind energy conversion system along with switched inductor quasi impedance source inverter is proposed. Wind energy system is chosen because of its sustainability and commercial potential. Permanent magnet synchronous generator is used as there is no need of separate excitation and maintenance. Also Optimum Power technique is incorporated to improve MPPT of wind energy conversion system (WECS).The main objective of this paper is to improve the wind energy conversion system by implementing switched inductor quasi-z-source inverter and battery energy system. Switched inductor quasi-z-source inverter has high efficiency and the input current is continuous, suppresses inrush current and avoids shoot through fault in inverter when compared to Z-source inverter based wind energy conversion system. An effective control technique for the inverter, based on the pulse width modulation (PWM) method, has been developed namely Simple Boost Modulation technique to balance the line voltages. The proper control of battery current through converter has been done to reduce the electrical torque pulsation of the PMSG under an unbalanced load condition.

Facial paralysis can be a devastating consequence resulting from blunt and penetrating trauma to the head and neck, as well as surgical injury, either accidental or due to involvement by tumor. In addition, the etiology can be attributed to a variety of other causes, ranging from infectious to metabolic, and is frequently idiopathic in nature. The incidence of facial nerve injury during temporomandibular joint (TMJ) surgeries varies among surgeons. There are many factors that could contribute to the injury of the temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve. These nerves lie in a confluence of superficial fascia, temporalis fascia, and periosteum and may be injured by any dissection technique that attempts to violate the integrity of these regions. Excessive or heavy-handed retraction causes compression and/or stretching of nerve fibers resulting in neuropraxia. The facial nerve then enters the parotid gland, where the main trunk branches into the upper and lower divisions at the pes anserinus. The nerve further divides into five main branches: the temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical. The temporal branch lies within the superficial muscular aponeurotic system at the level of the zygomatic arch. In this paper, we evaluate the facial nerve function based on the House–Brackmann grading index after the preauricular approach for the treatment of condylar fractures, pathologies, and TMJ ankylosis cases. The nerve functional regeneration postfacial nerve injury has been evaluated and reported in this retrospective study.

Aim: Evaluating the awareness of use, scope and ethics of dental photography in everyday practice among undergraduate dental students. Background: Photography often represents the best method to collect and preserve evidences. The attention towards the advanced photographic presentation in dentistry has increased significantly over the past several decades. Advancements in technology, computers, the internet and communication systems have greatly affected and shaped modern society. The main purpose of photography in dentistry is the registration of clinical information in the oral cavity. It also finds application for the purposes of dento legal documentation, to improve the learning process, communication and dental marketing. These applications improve the status of the dental practice as well as the quality of work and services. Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional institution based study conducted among 176 undergraduate dental students. 176 undergraduate dental students of 3rd, 4th and 5th year of age group 21-25 years were included in the study. Each student was given a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of a set of 11 questions. Both yes or no and multiple choice questions were present. The answers were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: All the students in the study were found to routinely use dental photography in their regular practice.82% of the students took some form of consent from the patient before taking the photograph and 93% maintained the confidentiality if the patient in social forums, Presentations and research publications. 62% of the participants are aware of a course called dental photography and 34% have already attended a course in dental photography. Conclusion: Combining a passion for photography with a dedication to dentistry will help us to successfully record patients cases and have a better proposition in teaching, motivation, treatment and follow up.

Tuberculosis of the female reproductive tract affects usually reproductive age group and is a common cause of infertility with tubal pathology. Diagnosis of the female genital tract tuberculosis is challenging and, very often missed due to the unusual presentations and lack of specific diagnostic tests. This may occasionally lead to unnecessary surgical procedures. We present two case reports of female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) who presented to us with symptoms mimicking malignancy diagnosed TB only on histopalthology.

Wireless sensor networks are emerging as broadband communication networks, because of their bandwidth, low cost and easy installation. In large sensor networks, data aggregation significantly reduces the amount of communication and energy consumption in the network. In this paper two different routing protocols namely Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol and Secure-aware Ad hoc Routing Protocol (SAR) are proposed. By using these protocols the network performances are evaluated in the presence of three types of attacks namely black hole attack, warm hole attack and grey hole attack respectively. The performance of the network is analyzed using the Network Simulator.

Community or modularity structures of a network are of interest as networks can have properties at the community level that are quite different from their properties at the level of the entire network. Thus the problem can be stated as one for natural community detection in complex networks using spectral analysis method on large datasets by inducing randomisation on networks and visualizing this information. The network data chosen is the YouTube dataset [9] based on the contact network between the users result in a complex network of 13723 nodes and 76765 edges. Since it is not possible to keep the entire data in the primary memory and to make it computationally less complex a randomised approach is proposed where the data is partitioned and processing thereafter results in an efficient manner.

In a multi-gigawatt pulsed power system like KALI-30 GW, insulation coordination is required to achieve high voltages ranging from 0.3 MV to 1 MV. At the same time optimisation of the insulation parameters is required to minimize the inductance of the system, so that nanoseconds output can be achieved. The KALI-30GW pulse power system utilizes a combination of Perspex, delrin, epoxy, transformer oil, nitrogen/SF 6 gas and vacuum insulation at its various stages in compressing DC high voltage to a nanoseconds pulse. This paper describes the operation and performance of the system from 400kV to 1030 kV output voltage pulse and insulation parameters utilized for obtaining peak 1 MV output.

This paper deals with the design of a solid state pulse generator based on the Marx concept. IGBT switches have been considered for the purpose of pulse generation across a resistive load. The proposed pulse generator is to be used for Electron gun application. Output specifications of the voltage pulse are peak output voltage 50 kV, peak output current 50 A, repetition frequency 10 Hz and maximum pulse width 5 μs. The design was verified with simulation in Proteus software.

In applications such as Digital Signal Processing architecture, microprocessor and microcontroller, full adder circuit plays an important role. Performance criteria for the logic styles are circuit speed, area and power dissipation. The major goal that requires ultimate attention is power consumption. Hence adders are designed in such a way to reduce the propagation delay which is also a cause for power consumption. Here two new designs adopted for low power and high speed ripple carry adder featuring Gate Diffusion Input (GDI) structure and Hybrid CMOS logic style. The hybrid logic style is employed in order to achieve a wide range of applications. The Gate-Diffusion-Input Multiplexer full adder (GDI-MUX) design eliminates the need of XOR/XNOR gates for designing full adder cell. The performance parameters such as area, delay, power and Power-Delay-Product (PDP) were analyzed using SPICE.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a severe, potentially fatal necrotizing pyelonephritis with a variable clinical presentation, ranging from mild abdominal pain to septic shock. The majority of cases occur in diabetics with poor glycemic control, while a small percentage may be due to urinary tract obstruction. We present a case of a 57 year old male patient, diabetic on treatment, presenting with left flank pain and poor stream of urine since one week. Laboratory tests revealed that the patient had electrolyte imbalance, ketoacidosis and high blood sugar. Urine culture was positive for Escherichia coli with a signifi cant colony count. Radiological examination gave a diagnosis of Left Type 1 Emphysematous Pyelonephritis. Inspite of giving vigorous resuscitation and antibiotics with nephrostomy, the patient had to undergo nephrectomy due to extensive renal parenchymal destruction. The nephrectomy specimen was studied in detail to know the histopathological findings in a case of diabetic patient with emphysematous pyelonephritis. We present this case not only because of it being a rare complication of diabetes, but also to focus on the histopathological findings of the same, documentation of which is limited in literature.

Premature contraction of the uterus is the very first sign of premature labour, which is followed by progressive changes in cervix such as effacement and dilatation. Four or more uterine contractions with or without pain per hour is a major biophysical predictor of preterm labour. According to the WHO statistics, every year, an estimated 15 million babies are born preterm and this number is rising. Although tocolytic agents are used to suppress premature contractions and prevent preterm labour, it is not proven to be efficacious in preventing preterm birth or reducing neonatal mortality or morbidity. As per Ayurveda, AkalaPrasava (preterm labour) results due to the malfunctioning of ApanaVata (a type of Vata Dosha which is responsible for the excretory action). Basti (medicated enema therapy) is considered the best for managing the deranged ApanaVata. Basti is also indicated in GarbhiniParicharya (routine antenatal care) after completion of seven months of pregnancy. In this present case study, ShatavaryadiKsheerapakaBasti (medicated enema prepared along with milk) was administered in a 28 year old second gravida patient of 33 weeks gestation with premature contractions, wherein isoxsuprine hydrochloride proved to be ineffective. Per-rectal Basti with 450 ml Shatavaryadi Ksheerapaka administered for 2 consecutive days was found to be effective in preventing the uterine contractions and further advancement to preterm labour. The drugs in ShatavaryadiKsheerapakaBasti possess antioxytocic and vasodilating properties which may effectively curtailed the progress of premature contractions.

The message which is presented or disseminated is called advertisement. In the present day marketing activities hardly is there any business in the modern world which does not advertise. The wise thing to do is to go for a combination of various ad mediums and each advertising medium should spread the same message. These all can be followed according to the related grounds.The advertisement can be made effective by selecting the appropriate ways, medium and golden rules of advertisement. Advertisement: Advertising is nothing but a paid form of non-personal presentation or promotion of ideas, goods or services by an identified sponsor with a view to disseminate information concerning an idea, product or service. The message which is presented or disseminated is called advertisement. In the present day marketing activities hardly is there any business in the modern world which does not advertise. However, the form of advertisement differs from business to business. Advertisement has been defined differently by different persons. A few definitions are being reproduced below: v According to Wood, “Advertising is causing to know to remember, to do.” v According to Wheeler, “Advertising is any form of paid non-personal presentation of ideas, goods or services for the purpose of inducting people to buy.” The above definitions clearly reveal the nature of advertisement. This is a powerful element of the promotion mix. Essentially advertising means spreading of information about the characteristics of the product to the prospective customers with a view to sell the product or increase the sale volume. Main objectives or functions of advertisement: § Preparing Ground for New Product § Creation of Demand § Facing the Competition § Creating or Enhancing Goodwill § Informing the Changes to the Customers § Neutralizing Competitor’s Advertising § Barring New Entrants Ways for effective advertisement: Media is getting fragmented day by day. So the wise thing to do is to go for a combination of various ad mediums and each advertising medium should spread the same message. O Advertisement Should Be Consistent: Everyone is leading a very fast life and the consumers don’t have much time to give to one medium. Therefore, repeating your message through the same medium will not make any sense. In order to hit your customers consistently, it’s a need to reach them through multiple mediums. Only then we can turn the viewers into potential customers. O Medium is Addittion Value to Advertisement:It is not possible for us to go for each and every medium. we can choose three to four mediums according to our budget but the advertisement has to be consistent on all the mediums we have chosen. Before choosing a medium also try to know whether the target audience are exposed to that medium. The ways we place an advertisement also add value to our product. So be careful before in choosing a medium. For example, leaflet is not the right medium for the advertising of a diamond company. O Who Is the Target Audience:Before making an ad we should have a clear idea about who is our target audience? This will also determine the medium. For example if we sell fashionable clothes the target audiences are the young crowd and we can go for Internet advertising. If we sell kitchen wears that are mainly used by housewives Internet advertising is not a good option as they are less exposed to Internet so, TV ads will be a good option in this case because most of them watch serials. O Budget Determines the Medium:While choosing a medium of showing ad the most important role is played by the budget. Budget determines the advertising medium. If we sale perfume we can go for TV ad but if we have a SEO company, placing an ad on the TV is nothing but wastage. In such case we must put our ad on the Internet. Online advertising is ideal for us,. TV ads, newspaper ads, and radio ads are fine for big budgets. They are in fact the most recognized advertising mediums. O Having a Great Web Site Is Not Enough:By choosing the Internet as a medium to place the ad and it make a great Web site. However, designing a great Web site will not help in any way if the site is not visible. In order to make it visible, it need to get high search engine ranking. It should go for link exchange, directory submission, forum participation, etc. to popularize the site. O Involve Experts:If we make the ad in own, we can follow a trial and error method since you are not an expert in this field. So it is better to hire an advertising firm and involve experts who know this job better. In fact, different mediums demand different sorts of ad though the message is the same. The creative minds will make use of their experience to make the most effective ad for you. O If not satisfied with the result, go for a different medium or make slight changes to the existing medium to get the desired result. Tips for effective advertisement and the golden rule of advertisement: Detailed marketing plan: If we place advertising for a business without a definite plan that will not going to work. A detailed marketing plan let you go far for very long. Proper planning will reduce advertising costs and advertising waste and provides with a comprehensive understanding of the businesses. Certain areas that are covered under marketing plan are Market Research, Imple

Artificial intelligence (AI) is making its way back into the mainstream of corporate technology, this time at the core of business systems which are providing competitive advantage in all sorts of industries, including electronics, manufacturing, marketing, human resource, financial services software, medicine, entertainment, engineering and communications. Designed to leverage the capabilities of humans rather than replace them, today's AI technology enables an extraordinary array of applications that forge new connections among people, computers, knowledge, and the physical world. Some AI enabled applications are information distribution and retrieval, database mining, product design, manufacturing, inspection, training, user support, surgical planning, resource scheduling, and complex resource management. AI technologies help enterprises reduce latency in making business decisions, minimize fraud and enhance revenue opportunities.

There are certain aspects in the field of networking that needs to be accomplished, yet it is very difficult to achieve. One such concept is Optimization. Achieving a high degree of reliability will eventually lead us to Optimization. But, achieving high degree of reliability?? This indeed is a very big problem that needs a solution. There have been many solutions before that solves the problem in some cases, yet there is nothing so called a global technique available that can be applied to any networks. The next big problem is guaranteeing Quality of Service (QOS). Our paper basically aims at providing a method or an approach which will give us a solution for both of these problems depicted above. The approach we are going to adopt is something related to effective utilization of the routing algorithms available. When one algorithm gives some efficiency criteria, then what will happen to the efficiency if some algorithms are combined? This basic fascination led us to use 3 known Routing algorithms namely Link state, Floyd war shall and Ant colony. These algorithms are applied in phases or stages to get some effective optimization result. This effective optimization will naturally lead us to a stage where we could easily guarantee QOS too. The state conditions that will possibly decrease the reliability criteria here can be easily overcome than in other cases where a single routing algorithm is used.

Medical image data hiding has strict constrains such as high imperceptibility, high capacity and high robustness. Achieving these three requirements simultaneously is highly cumbersome. Some works have been reported in the literature on data hiding, watermarking and stegnography which are suitable for telemedicine applications. None is reliable in all aspects. Electronic Patient Report (EPR) data hiding for telemedicine demand it blind and reversible. This paper proposes a novel approach to blind reversible data hiding based on integer wavelet transform. Experimental results shows that this scheme outperforms the prior arts in terms of zero BER (Bit Error Rate), higher PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio), and large EPR data embedding capacity with WPSNR (Weighted Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) around 53 dB, compared with the existing reversible data hiding schemes.

Background: Rural areas pose challenges for motivating villagers to donate blood. We organized a blood donation camp in a rural setting by engaging multiple stakeholders. We examined the factors that influenced blood donation. Methods: Local level stakeholders were involved in planning of the camp. Mobilization of donors was attempted through intensive awareness generation activities utilizing multiple channels. A list of willing blood donors was prepared. Results: Out of 152 willing donors, 88 reported to donation camp, and after screening, 67 donated the blood. Most of the willing donors were males (89.8%), and the mean standard deviation age was 31.9 (9.4) years. Deferral rate was 23.8%. Involvement of local stakeholders can result in creating a pool of donors in rural area which can mitigate the existing gap between demand and supply of blood in India.