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32,226 results on '"S., Wu"'

204. Saliva TwoStep for rapid detection of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers

Author

Qing Yang, Nicholas R Meyerson, Stephen K Clark, Camille L Paige, Will T Fattor, Alison R Gilchrist, Arturo Barbachano-Guerrero, Benjamin G Healy, Emma R Worden-Sapper, Sharon S Wu, Denise Muhlrad, Carolyn J Decker, Tassa K Saldi, Erika Lasda, Patrick Gonzales, Morgan R Fink, Kimngan L Tat, Cole R Hager, Jack C Davis, Christopher D Ozeroff, Gloria R Brisson, Matthew B McQueen, Leslie A Leinwand, Roy Parker, and Sara L Sawyer

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, testing, university, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Here, we develop a simple molecular test for SARS-CoV-2 in saliva based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. The test has two steps: (1) heat saliva with a stabilization solution and (2) detect virus by incubating with a primer/enzyme mix. After incubation, saliva samples containing the SARS-CoV-2 genome turn bright yellow. Because this test is pH dependent, it can react falsely to some naturally acidic saliva samples. We report unique saliva stabilization protocols that rendered 295 healthy saliva samples compatible with the test, producing zero false positives. We also evaluated the test on 278 saliva samples from individuals who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 but had no symptoms at the time of saliva collection, and from 54 matched pairs of saliva and anterior nasal samples from infected individuals. The Saliva TwoStep test described herein identified infections with 94% sensitivity and >99% specificity in individuals with sub-clinical (asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic) infections.

Published
2021
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206. Surgical Simulation Course for Facial Fracture Education

Author

Shannon S. Wu, BA, Anooj Patel, BS, Brendan Alleyne, MD, Garyn Metoyer, BS, Archana Chandrashekar, BS, Bashar Hassan, BS, Kshipra Hemal, BS, and Raffi Gurunian, MD, PhD

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Summary:. A hands-on facial fracture simulation course can be an important adjunct teaching modality in resident education and training, enhancing both resident confidence and competence in treatment of facial fractures. In this study, 11 plastic surgery residents participated in a surgical wet laboratory and lecture focusing on operative management of facial fractures. Pre- and post-course questionnaires were administered as clinical knowledge assessments. Pre-course, 40% of participating residents reported feeling comfortable with facial fracture management (>5 of 10) and 50% of residents achieved competence on clinical assessment (scoring >50%). Following the simulation course, these same assessments were re-administered. Post-course, comfortability with fracture management increased to 100% among participating residents, and 90% of residents scored >50%, demonstrating improvement in clinical competency.

Published
2021
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207. Open data from the first and second observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

Author

Rich Abbott, Thomas D. Abbott, Sheelu Abraham, Fausto Acernese, Kendall Ackley, Carl Adams, Rana X. Adhikari, Vaishali B. Adya, Christoph Affeldt, Michalis Agathos, Kazuhiro Agatsuma, Nancy Aggarwal, Odylio D. Aguiar, Amit Aich, Lorenzo Aiello, Anirban Ain, Ajith Parameswaran, Gabrielle Allen, Annalisa Allocca, Paul A. Altin, Alex Amato, Shreya Anand, Alena Ananyeva, Stuart B. Anderson, Warren G. Anderson, Svetoslava V. Angelova, Stefano Ansoldi, Sarah Antier, Stephen Appert, Koji Arai, Melody C. Araya, Joseph S. Areeda, Marc Arène, Nicolas Arnaud, Scott M. Aronson, Kg G. Arun, Stefano Ascenzi, Gregory Ashton, Stuart M. Aston, Pia Astone, Florian Aubin, Peter Aufmuth, Kellie AultONeal, Corey Austin, Valerie Avendano, Stanislav Babak, Philippe Bacon, Francesca Badaracco, Maria K.M. Bader, Sangwook Bae, Anne M. Baer, Jonathon Baird, Francesca Baldaccini, Giulio Ballardin, Stefan W. Ballmer, Anna-marie Bals, Alexander Balsamo, Gregory Baltus, Sharan Banagiri, Deepak Bankar, Rameshwar S. Bankar, Juan C. Barayoga, Claudio Barbieri, Barry C. Barish, David Barker, Kevin Barkett, Pablo Barneo, Fabrizio Barone, Bryan Barr, Lisa Barsotti, Matteo Barsuglia, Daniel Barta, Jeffrey Bartlett, Imre Bartos, Riccardo Bassiri, Andrea Basti, Mateusz Bawaj, Joseph C. Bayley, Marco Bazzan, Bence Bécsy, Michal Bejger, Imene Belahcene, Angus S. Bell, Deeksha Beniwal, Michael G. Benjamin, Joe D. Bentley, Fabio Bergamin, Beverly K. Berger, Gerald Bergmann, Sebastiano Bernuzzi, Christopher P.L. Berry, Diego Bersanetti, Alessandro Bertolini, Joseph Betzwieser, Rohan Bhandare, Ankit V. Bhandari, Jeffrey Bidler, Edward Biggs, Igor A. Bilenko, Garilynn Billingsley, Ross Birney, Ofek Birnholtz, Sebastien Biscans, Matteo Bischi, Sylvia Biscoveanu, Aparna Bisht, Guldauren Bissenbayeva, Massimiliano Bitossi, Marieanne A. Bizouard, Kent K. Blackburn, Jonathan Blackman, Carl D. Blair, David G. Blair, Ryan M. Blair, Fabrizio Bobba, Nina Bode, Michel Boer, Yannick Boetzel, Gilles Bogaert, Francois Bondu, Edgard Bonilla, Romain Bonnand, Phillip Booker, Boris A. Boom, Rolf Bork, Valerio Boschi, Sukanta Bose, Vladimir Bossilkov, Joel Bosveld, Yann Bouffanais, Antonella Bozzi, Carlo Bradaschia, Patrick R. Brady, Alyssa Bramley, Marica Branchesi, Jim E. Brau, Matteo Breschi, Tristan Briant, Joseph H. Briggs, Francesco Brighenti, Alain Brillet, Marc Brinkmann, Patrick Brockill, Aidan F. Brooks, Jonathan Brooks, Daniel D. Brown, Sharon Brunett, Giacomo Bruno, Robert Bruntz, Aaron Buikema, Tomasz Bulik, Henk J. Bulten, Alessandra Buonanno, Damir Buskulic, Robert L. Byer, Miriam Cabero, Laura Cadonati, Giampietro Cagnoli, Craig Cahillane, Juan Calderón Bustillo, Jack D. Callaghan, Thomas A. Callister, Enrico Calloni, Jordan B. Camp, Maurizio Canepa, Kipp C. Cannon, Huy-tuong Cao, Junwei Cao, Giovanni Carapella, Franco Carbognani, Santiago Caride, Matthew F. Carney, Gregorio Carullo, Julia Casanueva Diaz, Claudio Casentini, Javier Castañeda, Sarah Caudill, Marco Cavaglià, Fabien Cavalier, Roberto Cavalieri, Giancarlo Cella, Pablo Cerdá-Durán, Elisabetta Cesarini, Oualid Chaibi, Kabir Chakravarti, Chiwai Chan, Manleong Chan, Shiuh Chao, Philip Charlton, Eve A. Chase, Eric Chassande-Mottin, Deep Chatterjee, Mayank Chaturvedi, Hsin-yu Y. Chen, Xu Chen, Yanbei Chen, Hai-ping Cheng, Chi-kit K. Cheong, Hanyu Y. Chia, Francesco Chiadini, Roberto Chierici, Andrea Chincarini, Antonino Chiummo, Gihyuk Cho, Heesuk S. Cho, Min-a Cho, Nelson Christensen, Qi Chu, Sheon Chua, Ka-wai W. Chung, Shinkee Chung, Giacomo Ciani, Pawel Ciecielag, Marek Cieślar, Alexei A. Ciobanu, Riccardo Ciolfi, Francesco Cipriano, Alessio Cirone, Filiberto Clara, James A. Clark, Patrick Clearwater, Sebastien Clesse, Frederic Cleva, Eugenio Coccia, Pierre-francois Cohadon, David Cohen, Marta Colleoni, Christophe G. Collette, Christopher Collins, Monica Colpi, Marcio Constancio Jr., Livia Conti, Sam J. Cooper, Paul Corban, Thomas R. Corbitt, Isabel Cordero-Carrión, Silvia Corezzi, Kenneth R. Corley, Neil Cornish, David Corre, Alessandra Corsi, Stefano Cortese, Cesar A. Costa, Roberto Cotesta, Michael W. Coughlin, Scott B. Coughlin, Jeanpierre Coulon, Stefan T. Countryman, Peter Couvares, Pep B. Covas, David M. Coward, Matthew J. Cowart, Dennis C. Coyne, Robert Coyne, Jolien D. E. Creighton, Teviet D. Creighton, Jonathan Cripe, Michael Croquette, Sgwynne G. Crowder, Jean-rene Cudell, Torrey J. Cullen, Alan Cumming, Rebecca Cummings, Liam Cunningham, Elena Cuoco, Malgorzata Curylo, Tito Dal Canton, Gergely Dálya, Aykutlu Dana, Lara M. Daneshgaran-Bajastani, Beatrice D’Angelo, Stefan L. Danilishin, Sabrina D’Antonio, Karsten Danzmann, Christian Darsow-Fromm, Arnab Dasgupta, Laurence E. H. Datrier, Vincenzo Dattilo, Ishant Dave, Michel Davier, Gareth S. Davies, Derek Davis, Edward J. Daw, Dan DeBra, Malathi Deenadayalan, Jerome Degallaix, Martina De Laurentis, Samuel Deléglise, Matthew Delfavero, Nicola De Lillo, Walter Del Pozzo, Lindsay M. DeMarchi, Virginia D’Emilio, Nicholas Demos, Thomas Dent, Roberto De Pietri, Rosario De Rosa, Camilla De Rossi, Riccardo DeSalvo, Omar de Varona, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, Mario C. Díaz, Mauricio Diaz-Ortiz Jr., Tim Dietrich, Luciano Di Fiore, Chiara Di Fronzo, Cinzia Di Giorgio, Fabrizio Di Giovanni, Matteo Di Giovanni, Tristano Di Girolamo, Alberto Di Lieto, Binlei Ding, Sibilla Di Pace, Irene Di Palma, Francesco Di Renzo, Atul K. Divakarla, Artemiy Dmitriev, Zoheyr Doctor, Fred Donovan, Katherine L. Dooley, Suresh Doravari, Iain Dorrington, Thomas P. Downes, Marco Drago, Jenne C. Driggers, Zhihui Du, Jean-gregoire Ducoin, Peter Dupej, Ofelia Durante, Domenico D’Urso, Sheila E. Dwyer, Paul J. Easter, Graeme Eddolls, Bruce Edelman, Tega B. Edo, Oliver Edy, Anamaria Effler, Phil Ehrens, Johannes Eichholz, Stephen S. Eikenberry, Marc Eisenmann, Robert A. Eisenstein, Aldo Ejlli, Lucianolucianikerrico Errico, Reed C. Essick, Hector Estelles, Dimitri Estevez, Zachariah B. Etienne, Todd Etzel, Matthew Evans, Tom M. Evans, Rebecca E. Ewing, Viviana Fafone, Stephen Fairhurst, Xilong Fan, Stefania Farinon, Benjamin Farr, Will M. Farr, Edward J. Fauchon-Jones, Marc Favata, Maxime Fays, Mariana Fazio, Jon Feicht, Martin M. Fejer, Fangchen Feng, Edit Fenyvesi, Deborah L. Ferguson, Alvaro Fernandez-Galiana, Isidoro Ferrante, Elvis C. Ferreira, Tabata A. Ferreira, Francesco Fidecaro, Irene Fiori, Donatella Fiorucci, Maya Fishbach, Ryan P. Fisher, Rosalba Fittipaldi, Margot Fitz-Axen, Vincenzo Fiumara, Raffaele Flaminio, Erik Floden, Eric Flynn, Heather Fong, Antonio A. Font, Perry Forsyth, Jean-daniel Fournier, Sergio Frasca, Franco Frasconi, Zsolt Frei, Andreas Freise, Raymond Frey, Valentin Frey, Peter Fritschel, Valery V. Frolov, Gabriele Fronzè, Paul Fulda, Michael Fyffe, Hunter A. Gabbard, Bhooshan U. Gadre, Sebastian M. Gaebel, Jonathan R. Gair, Shanika Galaudage, Dhruva Ganapathy, Sharad G. Gaonkar, Cecilio García-Quirós, Fabio Garufi, Bubba Gateley, Sergio Gaudio, Gayathri Gayathri, Gianluca Gemme, Eric Genin, Alberto Gennai, Daniel George, Jogy George, Laszlo Gergely, Sudarshan Ghonge, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, Shaon Ghosh, Bruno Giacomazzo, Joe A. Giaime, Dwayne D. Giardina, Des R. Gibson, Chalisa Gier, Kiranjyot Gill, Jane Glanzer, Jan Gniesmer, Patrick Godwin, Evan Goetz, Ryan Goetz, Niklas Gohlke, Boris Goncharov, Gabriela González, Gopakumar Gopakumar, Sarah E. Gossan, Matthieu Gosselin, Romain Gouaty, Benjamin Grace, Aniello Grado, Massimo Granata, Alastair Grant, Slawomir Gras, Philippe Grassia, Corey Gray, Rachel Gray, Giuseppe Greco, Anna C. Green, Rhys Green, Elizabeth M. Gretarsson, Hannah L. Griggs, G. Grignani, Andrea Grimaldi, Stefan J. Grimm, Hartmut Grote, Steffen Grunewald, Pierre Gruning, Gianluca M. Guidi, Andre R. Guimaraes, Gerard Guixé, Hitesh K. Gulati, Yuefan Guo, Anuradha Gupta, Anchal Gupta, Pawan Gupta, Eric K. Gustafson, Dick Gustafson, Leila Haegel, Odysse Halim, Evan D. Hall, Eleanor Z. Hamilton, Giles Hammond, Maria Haney, Manuela M. Hanke, Jonathan Hanks, Chad Hanna, Mark D. Hannam, Otto A. Hannuksela, Travis J. Hansen, Joe Hanson, Thomas Harder, Terra Hardwick, Haris Haris, Jan Harms, Gregg M. Harry, Ian W. Harry, Raine K. Hasskew, Carl-johan Haster, Karen Haughian, Fergus J. Hayes, James Healy, Antoine Heidmann, Matthew C. Heintze, Joscha Heinze, Henrich Heitmann, Frances Hellman, Patrice Hello, Gary Hemming, Martin Hendry, Siong S. Heng, Eric Hennes, Jan-simon Hennig, Michele Heurs, Stefan Hild, Tanja Hinderer, Sarah Y. Hoback, Sven Hochheim, Elyssa Hofgard, David Hofman, Aaron M. Holgado, Nathan A. Holland, Kathy Holt, Daniel E. Holz, Paul Hopkins, Christian Horst, James Hough, Eric J. Howell, Charlie G. Hoy, Yiwen Huang, Moritz T. Hübner, Eliu A. Huerta, Dominique Huet, Brennan Hughey, Victor Hui, Sascha Husa, Sabina H. Huttner, Rachael Huxford, Tien Huynh-Dinh, Bartosz Idzkowski, Alberto Iess, Henri Inchauspe, Craig Ingram, Giuseppe Intini, Jean M. Isac, Max Isi, Bala R. Iyer, Thibaut Jacqmin, Sameer J. Jadhav, Shreejit P. Jadhav, Alasdair L. James, Karan Jani, Nagaraj N. Janthalur, Piotr Jaranowski, Deep Jariwala, Rafel Jaume, Alex C. Jenkins, Jun Jiang, Grace R. Johns, Aaron W. Jones, Ian I. Jones, Jeff D. Jones, Philip Jones, Russell Jones, Reinier J. G. Jonker, Ju Ju, Jonas Junker, Chinmay V. Kalaghatgi, Vassiliki Kalogera, Brittany Kamai, Shivaraj Kandhasamy, Gungwon Kang, Jonah B. Kanner, Shasvath J. Kapadia, Sudarshan Karki, Rahul Kashyap, Marie Kasprzack, Wolfgang Kastaun, Stavros Katsanevas, Erik Katsavounidis, William Katzman, Steffen Kaufer, Keita Kawabe, Fabien Kéfélian, David Keitel, Azadeh Keivani, Ross Kennedy, Joey S. Key, Sudiksha Khadka, Farit Y. Khalili, Imran Khan, Sebastian Khan, Zaki A. Khan, Efim A. Khazanov, Nandita Khetan, Mohammad Khursheed, Nutsinee Kijbunchoo, Chunglee Kim, Grace J. Kim, Jeongcho C. Kim, Kyungmin Kim, Won Kim, Whansun S. Kim, Young-min Kim, Charles Kimball, Peter J. King, Maya Kinley-Hanlon, Robin Kirchhoff, Jeffrey S. Kissel, Lisa Kleybolte, Sergei Klimenko, Tyler D. Knowles, Philip Koch, Sina M. Koehlenbeck, Gideon Koekoek, Soumen Koley, Veronica Kondrashov, Antonios Kontos, Nico Koper, Mikhail Korobko, William Z. Korth, Manoj Kovalam, Dan B. Kozak, Volker Kringel, Nv V. Krishnendu, Andrzej Królak, Natalie Krupinski, Gerrit Kuehn, Anil Kumar, Prayush Kumar, Rahul Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Sumit Kumar, Ling-chi Kuo, Adam Kutynia, Benjamin D. Lackey, Danny Laghi, Emile Lalande, Lam L. Lam, Astrid Lamberts, Michael Landry, Benjamin B. Lane, Ryan N. Lang, Jacob Lange, Brian Lantz, Robert K. Lanza, Iuri La Rosa, Angelique Lartaux-Vollard, Paul D. Lasky, Michael Laxen, Albert Lazzarini, Claudia Lazzaro, Paola Leaci, Sean Leavey, Yannick K. Lecoeuche, Chang-hwan H. Lee, Hyung-mok M. Lee, Hyungwon W. Lee, Joongoo Lee, Kyung-ha Lee, Johannes Lehmann, Nicolas Leroy, Nicolas Letendre, Yuri Levin, Alvin K. Y. Li, Jin Li, Kaye li, Tjonnie G. F. Li, Xiang Li, Frank Linde, Seth D. Linker, Jethro N. Linley, Tyson B. Littenberg, Liu Liu, Xiaoshu Liu, Miquel Llorens-Monteagudo, Ka-lok Lo, Alexandra Lockwood, Lionel T. London, Alessandro Longo, Matteo Lorenzini, Vincent Loriette, Marc Lormand, Giovanni Losurdo, James D. Lough, Carlos O. Lousto, Geoffrey Lovelace, Harald Lück, Diana Lumaca, Andrew P. Lundgren, Ma Yiqiu, Ronaldas Macas, Sean Macfoy, Myron MacInnis, Duncan M. Macleod, Ian O. MacMillan, Adrian Macquet, Ignacio Magaña Hernandez, Fabian Magaña-Sandoval, Ryan M. Magee, Ettore Majorana, Ivan Maksimovic, Asmita Malik, Catherine Man, Vuk Mandic, Valentina Mangano, Georgia L. Mansell, Michael Manske, Maddalena Mantovani, Michela Mapelli, Fabio Marchesoni, Frederique Marion, Szabolcs Márka, Zsuzsanna Márka, Charalampos Markakis, Ashot S. Markosyan, Aaron Markowitz, Ed Maros, Antonio Marquina, Sylvain Marsat, Filippo Martelli, Ian W. Martin, Rodica M. Martin, Valerie Martinez, Denis V. Martynov, Hossein Masalehdan, Ken Mason, Elena Massera, Alain Masserot, Thomas J. Massinger, Mariela Masso-Reid, Simone Mastrogiovanni, Andrew Matas, Fabrice Matichard, Nergis Mavalvala, Emily Maynard, Joshua J. McCann, Richard McCarthy, David E. McClelland, Scott McCormick, Lee McCuller, Stephen C. McGuire, Connor McIsaac, Jessica McIver, David J. McManus, Terry McRae, Sean T. McWilliams, Duncan Meacher, Grant D. Meadors, Moritz Mehmet, Ajit K. Mehta, Elena Mejuto Villa, Andrew Melatos, Gregory Mendell, Adam A. Mercer, Lorenzo Mereni, Kara Merfeld, Edmond L. Merilh, Jonathan D. Merritt, Mourad Merzougui, Syd Meshkov, Chris Messenger, Cody Messick, Remi Metzdorff, Patrick M. Meyers, Fabian Meylahn, Ashish Mhaske, Andrea Miani, Haixing Miao, Ioannis Michaloliakos, Christophe Michel, Hannah Middleton, Leopoldo Milano, Andrewlawrence L. Miller, Meg Millhouse, Joseph C. Mills, Edoardo Milotti, Michael C. Milovich-Goff, Olivier Minazzoli, Yuri Minenkov, Alec Mishkin, Chandra Mishra, Timesh Mistry, Sanjit Mitra, Valery P. Mitrofanov, Guenakh Mitselmakher, Richard Mittleman, Geoffrey Mo, Kentaro Mogushi, Satyanarayan R. P. Mohapatra, Siddharth R. Mohite, Manel Molina-Ruiz, Marina Mondin, Matteo Montani, Christopher J. Moore, Dan Moraru, Filip Morawski, Gerardo Moreno, Soichiro Morisaki, Benoit Mours, Conor M. Mow-Lowry, Simone Mozzon, Federico Muciaccia, Arunava Mukherjee, Debnandini Mukherjee, Soma Mukherjee, Subroto Mukherjee, Nikhil Mukund, Adam Mullavey, Jesper Munch, Erik A. Muñiz, Peter G. Murray, Alessandro Nagar, Ilaria Nardecchia, Luca Naticchioni, Rajesh K. Nayak, Benjamin F. Neil, Joshua Neilson, Gijs Nelemans, Timothy J. N. Nelson, Marina Nery, Ansel Neunzert, Kwan-yeung Y. Ng, Sebastian Ng, Catherine Nguyen, Philippe Nguyen, David Nichols, Shania A. Nichols, Samaya Nissanke, Flavio Nocera, Minkyun Noh, Chris North, Devon Nothard, Laura K. Nuttall, Jason Oberling, Brendan D. O’Brien, Gor Oganesyan, Greg H. Ogin, John J. Oh, Sanghoon H. Oh, Frank Ohme, Hiroaki Ohta, Marcos A. Okada, Miquel Oliver, Christian Olivetto, Patrick Oppermann, Richard Oram, Brian O’Reilly, Rich G. Ormiston, Luis F. Ortega, Richard O’Shaughnessy, Serguei Ossokine, Charles Osthelder, David J. Ottaway, Harry Overmier, Ben J. Owen, Alexander E. Pace, Giulia Pagano, Michael A. Page, Giulia Pagliaroli, Archana Pai, Siddhesh A. Pai, Jordan R. Palamos, Oleg Palashov, Cristiano Palomba, Howard Pan, Pratap K. Panda, Tsun-ho Pang, Chris Pankow, Francesco Pannarale, Brijesh C. Pant, Federico Paoletti, Andrea Paoli, Abhishek Parida, William Parker, Daniela Pascucci, Antonio Pasqualetti, Roberto Passaquieti, Diego Passuello, Barbara Patricelli, Ethan Payne, Brynley L. Pearlstone, Thida C. Pechsiri, Ari J. Pedersen, Mike Pedraza, Arnaud Pele, Steven Penn, Albino Perego, Carlos J. Perez, Perigois Périgois, Antonio Perreca, Stephane Perriès, Jan Petermann, Harald P. Pfeiffer, Margot Phelps, Khun S. Phukon, Ornella J. Piccinni, Mikhael Pichot, Marco Piendibene, Francesco Piergiovanni, Vincenzo Pierro, Gabriel Pillant, Laurent Pinard, Innocenzo M. Pinto, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, Marc Pirello, Matthew Pitkin, Wolfango Plastino, Rosa Poggiani, Yat-tung T. Pong, Sarah Ponrathnam, Pasquale Popolizio, Ed K. Porter, Jade Powell, Atul K. Prajapati, Kiran Prasai, Raghurama Prasanna, Geraint Pratten, Tanner Prestegard, Maria Principe, Giovanni A. Prodi, Leonid Prokhorov, Michele Punturo, Paola Puppo, Michael Pürrer, Hong Qi, Volker Quetschke, Pedro J. Quinonez, Fred J. Raab, Geert Raaijmakers, Hugh Radkins, Nicholas Radulesco, Peter Raffai, Hanna Rafferty, Sendhil Raja, Rajan Rajan, Binod Rajbhandari, Malik Rakhmanov, Karla E. Ramirez, Antoni Ramos-Buades, Javed Rana, Kaushik Rao, Piero Rapagnani, Vivien Raymond, Massimiliano Razzano, Jocelyn Read, Tania Regimbau, Luca Rei, Stuart Reid, David H. Reitze, Piero Rettegno, Fulvio Ricci, Colter J. Richardson, Jonathan W. Richardson, Paul M. Ricker, Gunnar Riemenschneider, Keith Riles, Monica Rizzo, Norna A. Robertson, Florent Robinet, Alessio Rocchi, Ramon D. Rodriguez-Soto, Loic Rolland, Jameson G. Rollins, Vincent J. Roma, Marco Romanelli, Rocco Romano, Chandra L. Romel, Isobel M. Romero-Shaw, Janeen H. Romie, Caitlin A. Rose, Dakota Rose, Kyle Rose, Dorota Rosińska, Shawn G. Rosofsky, Michael P. Ross, Sheila Rowan, Samuel J. Rowlinson, Palash K. Roy, Santosh Roy, Soumen Roy, Paolo Ruggi, Guntis Rutins, Kyle Ryan, Surabhi Sachdev, Travis Sadecki, Mairi Sakellariadou, Om S. Salafia, Livio Salconi, Muhammed Saleem, Anuradha Samajdar, Eduardo J. Sanchez, Luis E. Sanchez, Nicolas Sanchis-Gual, Jaclyn R. Sanders, Kevin A. Santiago, Edison Santos, Nikhil Sarin, Benoit Sassolas, B S. Sathyaprakash, Orion Sauter, Richard L. Savage, Vaibhav Savant, Disha Sawant, Sihem Sayah, Dean Schaetzl, Paul Schale, Mark Scheel, Jacob Scheuer, Patricia Schmidt, Roman Schnabel, Robert M. S. Schofield, Axel Schönbeck, Emil Schreiber, Bernd W. Schulte, Bernard F. Schutz, Otto Schwarm, Eyal Schwartz, Jamie Scott, Susan M. Scott, Ed Seidel, Danny Sellers, Anand S. Sengupta, Noah Sennett, Daniel Sentenac, Valeria Sequino, Alexander Sergeev, Yoshinta Setyawati, Daniel A. Shaddock, Thomas Shaffer, Selim S. Shahriar, A. Sharma, Priyanka Sharma, Peter Shawhan, Hongyu Shen, Minori Shikauchi, Rosalie Shink, David H. Shoemaker, Deirdre M. Shoemaker, Keerti Shukla, Shyamsundar ShyamSundar, Karelle Siellez, Magdalena Sieniawska, Daniel Sigg, Leo P. Singer, Divya Singh, Neha Singh, Ayatri Singha, Akshat Singhal, Alicia M. Sintes, Valeria Sipala, Vasileios Skliris, Bram J. J. Slagmolen, Teresa J. Slaven-Blair, Jiri Smetana, Joshua R. Smith, Rory J. E. Smith, Surendranadh Somala, Edwin J. Son, Siddharth Soni, Borja Sorazu, Viola Sordini, Fiodor Sorrentino, Tarun Souradeep, Eric Sowell, Andrew P. Spencer, Mario Spera, Amit K. Srivastava, Varun Srivastava, Kai Staats, Cosmin Stachie, Mark Standke, Daniele A. Steer, Michael Steinke, Jessica Steinlechner, Sebastian Steinlechner, Daniel Steinmeyer, Dane Stocks, David J. Stops, Madeline Stover, Ken A. Strain, Giulia Stratta, Amber Strunk, Riccardo Sturani, Amber L. Stuver, Sudhagar Sudhagar, Vivishek Sudhir, Tiffany Z. Summerscales, Ling Sun, Sunil Sunil, Ankan Sur, Jishnu Suresh, Patrick J. Sutton, Bas L. Swinkels, Marek J. Szczepańczyk, Matteo Tacca, Simon C. Tait, Colm Talbot, Andres J. Tanasijczuk, David B. Tanner, Duo Tao, Marton Tápai, Amauri Tapia, Enzo N. Tapia San Martin, Jay D. Tasson, Robert Taylor, Rodrigo Tenorio, Lukas Terkowski, Manasadevi P. Thirugnanasambandam, Michael Thomas, Patrick Thomas, Jonathan E. Thompson, Sivananda R. Thondapu, Keith A. Thorne, Eric Thrane, Calley L. Tinsman, Saravanan R. Saravanan, Shubhanshu Tiwari, Srishti Tiwari, Vaibhav Tiwari, Karl Toland, Mauro Tonelli, Zeno Tornasi, Alejandro Torres-Forné, Calum I. Torrie, Iara Tosta e Melo, Daniel Töyrä, Emily A. Trail, Flavio Travasso, Gary Traylor, Maria C. Tringali, Aashish Tripathee, Agata Trovato, Randy J. Trudeau, Ka-wa W. Tsang, Maggie Tse, Rhondale Tso, Leo Tsukada, Daichi Tsuna, Takuya Tsutsui, Margherita Turconi, Amit S. Ubhi, Koh Ueno, Dennis Ugolini, Cs S. Unnikrishnan, Alexander L. Urban, Samantha A. Usman, Andrei C. Utina, Henning Vahlbruch, Gabriele Vajente, Guillermo Valdes, Michele Valentini, M. Vallisneri, Niels van Bakel, Martin van Beuzekom, Jo F. J. van den Brand, Chris Van Den Broeck, Daniel C. Vander-Hyde, Laura van der Schaaf, Joris V. Van Heijningen, Marielle A. van Veggel, Marco Vardaro, Vijay Varma, Steve Vass, Matyas Vasúth, Alberto Vecchio, Gabriele Vedovato, John Veitch, Peter J. Veitch, Krishna Venkateswara, Gautam Venugopalan, Didier Verkindt, Doga Veske, Flavio Vetrano, Andrea Viceré, Aaron D. Viets, Serena Vinciguerra, David J. Vine, Jeanyves Vinet, Salvatore Vitale, Francisco Hernandez Vivanco, Thomas Vo, Helios Vocca, Cheryl Vorvick, Sergey P. Vyatchanin, Andrew R. Wade, Leslie E. Wade, Madeline Wade, Rob Walet, Marissa Walker, Gavin S. Wallace, Larry Wallace, Sinead Walsh, Jonathan Z. Wang, Sibo Wang, Wenhui H. Wang, Yifan F. Wang, Robert L. Ward, Zane A. Warden, Jim Warner, Michal Was, Jennifer Watchi, Betsy Weaver, Li-wei Wei, Michael Weinert, Alan J. Weinstein, Rainer Weiss, Felix Wellmann, Linqing Wen, Peter Weßels, Jonathan W. Westhouse, Karl Wette, John T. Whelan, Bernard F. Whiting, Chris Whittle, Dennis M. Wilken, Daniel Williams, Roy D. Williams, Andrew R. Williamson, Joshua L. Willis, Benno Willke, Walter Winkler, Christopher C. Wipf, Holger Wittel, Graham Woan, Janis Woehler, Jared K. Wofford, Chun-fung Wong, Jennifer L. Wright, David S. Wu, Daniel M. Wysocki, Liting Xiao, Hiro Yamamoto, Le Yang, Yang Yang, Ziyan Yang, Min-jet J. Yap, Maher Yazback, David W. Yeeles, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, Shingheirobin Yuen, Adam K. Zadrożny, Adam Zadrożny, Michele Zanolin, Tatiana Zelenova, Jean-pierre Zendri, Michael Zevin, Jue Zhang, Liyuan Zhang, Teng Zhang, Chunnong Zhao, Guoying Zhao, Minchuan Zhou, Zifan Zhou, Xingjiang J. Zhu, Aaron B. Zimmerman, Michael E. Zucker, and John Zweizig

Subjects
GWOSC, Scientific databases, Data representation and management, Gravitational Waves, Computer software, QA76.75-76.765
Abstract

Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo are monitoring the sky and collecting gravitational-wave strain data with sufficient sensitivity to detect signals routinely. In this paper we describe the data recorded by these instruments during their first and second observing runs. The main data products are gravitational-wave strain time series sampled at 16384 Hz. The datasets that include this strain measurement can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at http://gw-openscience.org, together with data-quality information essential for the analysis of LIGO and Virgo data, documentation, tutorials, and supporting software.

Published
2021
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212. Risk Factors Associated With Recurrence and Death in Patients With Tall Cell Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Single-Institution Cohort Study With Predictive Nomogram

Author

Shannon S. Wu, Nikhil Joshi, Jonathan Sharrett, Sanjay Rao, Akeesha Shah, Joseph Scharpf, Brian Burkey, Eric D. Lamarre, Brandon Prendes, Allan Siperstein, Joyce Shin, Eren Berber, Judy Jin, Vikram Krishnamurthi, Christian Nasr, Li Hong, David S. Buchberger, Neil Woody, Shlomo A. Koyfman, and Jessica L. Geiger

Subjects
Otorhinolaryngology, Surgery
Abstract

ImportanceTall cell morphology (TCM) is a rare and aggressive variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) that has been associated with poor outcomes; however, the risk factors for worse survival are not well characterized.ObjectiveTo identify prognostic factors associated with cancer recurrence and death in patients with PTC-TCM.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsAll patients treated for PTC-TCM at a single tertiary-level academic health care institution from January 1, 1997, through July 31, 2018, were included. Tall cell variant (TCV) was defined as PTC with TCM of 30% or more; and tall cell features (TCF) was defined as PTC with TCM of less than 30%. Patients with other coexisting histologic findings and/or nonsurgical management were excluded. Clinicopathologic features associated with worse outcomes were identified using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional-hazards model. Data were analyzed from March 1, 2018, to August 15, 2018.Main Outcomes and MeasuresLocoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS), distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS), and overall survival (OS) after surgery.ResultsA total of 365 patients (median [range] age, 51.8 [15.9-91.6] years; 242 [66.3%] female) with PTC-TCM (TCV, 32%; TCF, 68%) were evaluable. Total thyroidectomy was performed in 336 (92%) patients; 19 (5.2%) received radiotherapy; and 15 (4.1%) received radioactive iodine. Clinical features were pT3 or T4, 65%; node-positive, 53%; and positive surgical margins, 24%. LRRFS at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year was 95%, 87%, 82%, and 73%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, male sex and age were not independent predictors of inferior 5-year LRRFS, whereas positive surgical margins (HR, 3.5; 95% CI, 2.0-6.3), positive lymph nodes (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4-5.8), and primary tumor size of 3 cm or more (HR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.4-7.8) were strongly associated with worse LRRFS. Age 55 years or older (HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.5-7.0), male sex (HR 4.5; 95% CI, 2.1-10.0), positive surgical margins (HR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.2-6.0), nodal positivity (HR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.3-7.7), tumor diameter of 1.5 cm or more (HR, 20.6; 95% CI, 2.8-152.1), and TCV vs TCF (HR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.5-6.7) were associated with worse DRFS. Male sex (HR, 3.1; 95% 1.4-6.8) and tumor diameter of 1.5 cm or more (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.0-7.4) were associated with worse OS. A findings-based nomogram was constructed to predict 10-year LRRFS (C index, 0.8).Conclusions and RelevanceThis retrospective cohort study found that in patients with PTC-TCM, positive surgical margins, node positive disease, and tumor size of 3 cm or more were risk factors for worse LRRFS. Intensified locoregional therapy, including adjuvant radiation, may be considered for treating these patients.

Published
2023

214. Stigma toward psychosis in urban Chile: Engaging 'what matters most' to resist stigma through recovery-oriented services

Author

Timothy D. Becker, Drew Blasco, María Soledad Burrone, Gabriella Dishy, Paola Velasco, Gabriel Reginatto, Franco Mascayano, Maximillian S. Wu, Cindy Hu, Simran Bharadwaj, Shivangi Khattar, Liz Calderon, Cynthia Filgueira, Rubén Alvarado, Ezra S. Susser, and Lawrence H. Yang

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, Rehabilitation, Health Professions (miscellaneous)
Abstract

Stigma jeopardizes recovery and successful implementation of mental health services (MHS) globally. Despite cultural variation in how stigma manifests, few studies have examined how culture fundamentally impacts the concept of "personhood" in Latin America. Chile has expanded MHS, providing universal coverage for evaluation and treatment of first episode psychosis (FEP). We applied the "what matters most" (WMM) framework of stigma to identify culturally salient factors that shape or protect against stigma in urban Chile, identifying potential implications for MHS and recovery.In-depth interviews (Traditional values emphasizing physical/social appearance, gender roles, family, and social connectedness are highly valued. Socioeconomic transitions have engendered capitalistic variations on traditional values, with increasing emphasis on professional careers for men and women, individualism, and independence. Psychotic disorders interfere with fulfillment of both traditional and capitalist values, thereby reinforcing stigma. However, MHS are seen as partially effective in enabling fulfillment of some goals, including employment, appearance, and independence, while often remaining insufficient in enabling capacity to achieve marriage and having a family.MHS that facilitate recovery by engaging users in services, such as pharmacotherapy, education/vocational rehabilitation, and family-centered care aligned with cultural values can mitigate stigma and facilitate recovery by enabling users to fulfill WMM. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Published
2023
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218. A wearable cardiac ultrasound imager

Author

Hongjie Hu, Hao Huang, Mohan Li, Xiaoxiang Gao, Lu Yin, Ruixiang Qi, Ray S. Wu, Xiangjun Chen, Yuxiang Ma, Keren Shi, Chenghai Li, Timothy M. Maus, Brady Huang, Chengchangfeng Lu, Muyang Lin, Sai Zhou, Zhiyuan Lou, Yue Gu, Yimu Chen, Yusheng Lei, Xinyu Wang, Ruotao Wang, Wentong Yue, Xinyi Yang, Yizhou Bian, Jing Mu, Geonho Park, Shu Xiang, Shengqiang Cai, Paul W. Corey, Joseph Wang, and Sheng Xu

Subjects
Assistive Technology, screening and diagnosis, Multidisciplinary, General Science & Technology, Heart Ventricles, Rehabilitation, Heart, Stroke Volume, Bioengineering, Equipment Design, Cardiovascular, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Wearable Electronic Devices, Detection, Heart Disease, Echocardiography, Clinical Research, Humans, Cardiac Output, Skin, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies
Abstract

Continuous imaging of cardiac functions is highly desirable for the assessment of long-term cardiovascular health, detection of acute cardiac dysfunction and clinical management of critically ill or surgical patients1–4. However, conventional non-invasive approaches to image the cardiac function cannot provide continuous measurements owing to device bulkiness5–11, and existing wearable cardiac devices can only capture signals on the skin12–16. Here we report a wearable ultrasonic device for continuous, real-time and direct cardiac function assessment. We introduce innovations in device design and material fabrication that improve the mechanical coupling between the device and human skin, allowing the left ventricle to be examined from different views during motion. We also develop a deep learning model that automatically extracts the left ventricular volume from the continuous image recording, yielding waveforms of key cardiac performance indices such as stroke volume, cardiac output and ejection fraction. This technology enables dynamic wearable monitoring of cardiac performance with substantially improved accuracy in various environments.

Published
2023
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224. Psychometric evaluation of the short form of the Arizona Life History Battery (K-SF-42): A revised Chinese version for emerging adults

Author

Meng Xuan Zhang, Bryant P. H. Hui, and Anise M. S. Wu

Subjects
Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

Life history (LH) strategies explain how organisms adapt to the environment and make the best use of their resources to fulfill bodily maintenance, growth, reproduction and other functions. The K-SF-42 is a short version of the 199-item Arizona Life History Battery for assessing seven different domains of LH strategies. This article aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the K-SF-42. We recruited 1,016 Chinese university students, who aged 16 to 28 years old ( M age = 19.47, SD = 1.17) to participant in an anonymous questionnaire. Results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the second-order six-factor model (except romantic partner attachment), and the scale and subscales of such measurement displayed good internal consistencies. With the exception of religiosity, all of the subscales showed significant positive correlations with a brief unidimensional measure of LH strategies (i.e., the Mini-K). The criterion-related validity of the scale was further supported by the association between its higher score (suggesting slower LH strategies) and the lower levels of childhood harshness and unpredictability. This study provided evidence for the satisfactory applicability of the Chinese version of the K-SF-42 to a Chinese population and contributed to the further investigation of the LH strategies’ mechanisms underlying human behavior across cultures.

Published
2020
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225. Contributions of Hippocampal Volume to Cognition in Healthy Older Adults

Author

Cheshire Hardcastle, Andrew O’Shea, Jessica N. Kraft, Alejandro Albizu, Nicole D. Evangelista, Hanna K. Hausman, Emanuel M. Boutzoukas, Emily J. Van Etten, Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj, Hyun Song, Samantha G. Smith, Eric C. Porges, Steven Dekosky, Georg A. Hishaw, Samuel S. Wu, Michael Marsiske, Ronald Cohen, Gene E. Alexander, and Adam J. Woods

Subjects
aging, cognition, hippocampus, magnetic resonance imaging, brain volume, NIH toolbox, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Objective: The association between hippocampal volume and memory is continuing to be characterized in healthy older adults. Prior research suggests smaller hippocampal volume in healthy older adults is associated with poorer episodic memory and processing speed, as well as working memory, verbal learning, and executive functioning as measured by the NIH Toolbox Fluid (Fluid Cognition Composite, FCC) and Crystalized Cognition Composites (CCC). This study aimed to replicate these findings and to evaluate the association between: (1) hippocampal asymmetry index and cognition; and (2) independent contributions of the left and right hippocampal volume and cognition in a large sample of healthy older adults.Participants and Methods: One-hundred and eighty-three healthy older adults (M age = 71.72, SD = 5.3) received a T1-weighted sequence on a 3T scanner. Hippocampal subfields were extracted using FreeSurfer 6.0 and combined to provide left, right, and total hippocampal volumes. FCC subtests include Dimensional Change Card Sort, Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention, List Sorting, Picture Sequence Memory, and Pattern Comparison. CCC subtests include Picture Vocabulary and Oral Reading Recognition. Multiple linear regressions were performed predicting cognition composites from the total, left and right, and asymmetry of hippocampal volume, controlling for sex, education, scanner, and total intracranial volume. Multiple comparisons in primary analyses were corrected using a false discovery rate (FDR) of p < 0.05.Results: FCC scores were positively associated with total (β = 0.226, FDR q = 0.044) and left (β = 0.257, FDR q = 0.024) hippocampal volume. Within FCC, Picture Sequence Memory scores positively associated with total (β = 0.284, p = 0.001) and left (β = 0.98, p = 0.001) hippocampal volume. List Sorting scores were also positively associated with left hippocampal volume (β = 0.189, p = 0.029).Conclusions: These results confirm previous research suggesting that bilateral hippocampal volume is associated with FCC, namely episodic memory. The present study also suggests the left hippocampal volume may be more broadly associated with both episodic and working memory. Studies should continue to investigate lateralized hippocampal contributions to aging processes to better identify predictors of cognitive decline.

Published
2020
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226. Optimizing Production Mix Involving Linear Programming with Fuzzy Resources and Fuzzy Constraints

Author

B.O. Onasanya, Y. Feng, Z. Wang, O.V. Samakin, S. Wu, and X. Liu

Subjects
Fuzzy resources, Fuzzy constraints, Fuzzy objective function, Fuzzy optimization, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract

In this paper, Fuzzy Linear Programming (FLP) was used to model the production processes at a university-based bakery for optimal decisions in the daily productions of the bakery. Using the production data of five products from the bakery, a fuzzy linear programme was developed to help make decisions when fuzzy resources were involved. As usual, classical linear programme gave only one feasible solution. However, while it was established that solving the linear programme from the production mix when fuzzy constraints were introduced (Verdegay's model) gave a more robust and alternative set of decisions than the classical model, it was equally established that a better result could be obtained when all the constraints and the objective function were fuzzy (Werners' Model).

Published
2020
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227. The association between HIV infection and cervical cancer presentation and survival in Uganda

Author

Emily S. Wu, Renata R. Urban, Elizabeth M. Krantz, Noleb M. Mugisha, Carolyn Nakisige, Stephen M. Schwartz, Heidi J. Gray, and Corey Casper

Subjects
Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Our objective was to determine how HIV infection impacts cervical cancer stage at presentation and overall survival (OS) among Ugandan women. This was a prospective study of 149 women diagnosed with cervical cancer from 2013 to 2015 at the Uganda Cancer Institute. Poisson regression models were fit to calculate prevalence ratios (PR) for the association between HIV infection and late stage at cancer diagnosis. The association between HIV infection and OS after cervical cancer diagnosis was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. The cohort included 53 HIV-positive and 96 HIV-negative participants. Median age at diagnosis was 44 years for HIV-positive and 54 years for HIV-negative participants. Seventy-seven percent of HIV-positive participants received antiretroviral therapy. Median baseline CD4 count was 373 cells/mm3 for HIV-positive participants versus 926 cells/mm3 for HIV-negative participants. Thirty-two percent of HIV-positive participants were diagnosed with late stage cervical cancer (III-IV) versus 39% of HIV-negative participants. No association was found between late stage at cancer diagnosis and HIV infection (PR adjusted for age, parity and transport cost 1.0, 95%CI 0.6–1.8). Most women presenting for care received cancer treatment, though almost half who received radiotherapy did not complete treatment. The median OS was 13.7 months for HIV-positive participants and 24.3 months for HIV-negative participants. After adjusting for age and stage, HIV infection was weakly associated with OS (HR 1.3, 95%CI 0.8–2.2). In Uganda, cervical cancer is often incompletely treated and survival remains poor. HIV infection was not associated with cervical cancer stage at diagnosis, but may be weakly associated with shorter survival. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, Cervical cancer, Uganda, Global health, Survival, Sub-Saharan Africa

Published
2020
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228. Validation and Application of the Positive Play Scale Adapted for Chinese Gamblers: Its Relation to Disordered Gambling and Gambling Attitudes

Author

Kwok Kit Tong, Juliet Honglei Chen, and Anise M. S. Wu

Subjects
responsible gambling, positive play, scale validation, gambling attitudes, Chinese community, gambling disorder, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

The Positive Play Scale (PPS) was designed to track the effectiveness of responsible gambling (RG) policy, with a focus on positive changes in beliefs and behaviors instead of the absence of problem gambling symptoms. The current study aimed to (1) validate the Positive Play Scale Adapted for Chinese gamblers (PPS-AC) using a probability Chinese community sample in Macao, (2) explore the relationships between the PPS-AC and symptoms of gambling disorder (GD), and (3) evaluate the associations of gambling attitudes with the PPS-AC. Through a two-step random sampling procedure, we interviewed 1,002 locally dwelling Macao Chinese adults (44.3% males; Mage = 44.28 years, SDage = 17.35 years) by phone, in which 237 were past-year gamblers (49.8% males; Mage = 40.76 years, SDage = 15.78 years). Results showed that a two-dimension structure fitted the data well for both the positive play behaviors scale and the positive play beliefs scale of the PPS-AC among past-year gamblers. In addition to findings of satisfactory internal consistency, the convergent validity of the PPS-AC was supported by its significant association with RG self-efficacy. All four PPS-AC constructs were negatively correlated with GD symptoms, whereas two behavior constructs of the PPS-AC significantly explained the variance of GD symptoms with negative valences. All gambling attitude dimensions were associated with at least one PPS-AC construct. The current study was the first to adapt the PPS on a probability Chinese community sample and extended its applicability. The findings support the PPS-AC as a reliable and valid tool for assessing positive play, which was negatively associated with symptoms of disordered gambling. Further, the significant associations between gambling attitudes and the PPS-AC provide insights for RG policies.

Published
2020
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229. GW190814: Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 23 Solar Mass Black Hole with a 2.6 Solar Mass Compact Object

Author

R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, A. Aich, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, S. Akcay, G. Allen, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, S. Anand, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, S. V. Angelova, S. Ansoldi, S. Antier, S. Appert, K. Arai, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, M. Arène, N. Arnaud, S. M. Aronson, K. G. Arun, Y. Asali, S. Ascenzi, G. Ashton, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, F. Aubin, P. Aufmuth, K. AultONeal, C. Austin, V. Avendano, S. Babak, P. Bacon, F. Badaracco, M. K. M. Bader, S. Bae, A. M. Baer, J. Baird, F. Baldaccini, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, A. Bals, A. Balsamo, G. Baltus, S. Banagiri, D. Bankar, R. S. Bankar, J. C. Barayoga, C. Barbieri, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, K. Barkett, P. Barneo, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, M. Bawaj, J. C. Bayley, M. Bazzan, B. Bécsy, M. Bejger, I. Belahcene, A. S. Bell, D. Beniwal, M. G. Benjamin, R. Benkel, J. D. Bentley, F. Bergamin, B. K. Berger, G. Bergmann, S. Bernuzzi, C. P. L. Berry, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, R. Bhandare, A. V. Bhandari, J. Bidler, E. Biggs, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, I. A. Birney, O. Birnholtz, S. Biscans, M. Bischi, S. Biscoveanu, A. Bisht, G. Bissenbayeva, M. Bitossi, M. A. Bizouard, J. K. Blackburn, J. Blackman, C. D. Blair, D. G. Blair, R. M. Blair, F. Bobba, N. Bode, M. Boer, Y. Boetzel, G. Bogaert, F. Bondu, E. Bonilla, R. Bonnand, P. Booker, B. A. Boom, R. Bork, V. Boschi, S. Bose, V. Bossilkov, J. Bosveld, Y. Bouffanais, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, A. Bramley, M. Branchesi, J. E. Brau, M. Breschi, T. Briant, J. H. Briggs, F. Brighenti, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, R. Brito, P. Brockill, A. F. Brooks, J. Brooks, D. D. Brown, S. Brunett, G. Bruno, R. Bruntz, A. Buikema, T. Bulik, H. J. Bulten, A. Buonanno, D. Buskulic, R. L. Byer, M. Cabero, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, C. Cahillane, J. Calderón Bustillo, J. D. Callaghan, T. A. Callister, E. Calloni, J. B. Camp, M. Canepa, K. C. Cannon, H. Cao, J. Cao, G. Carapella, F. Carbognani, S. Caride, M. F. Carney, G. Carullo, J. Casanueva Diaz, C. Casentini, J. Castañeda, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, F. Cavalier, R. Cavalieri, G. Cella, P. Cerdá-Durán, E. Cesarini, O. Chaibi, K. Chakravarti, C. Chan, M. Chan, S. Chao, P. Charlton, E. A. Chase, E. Chassande-Mottin, D. Chatterjee, M. Chaturvedi, K. Chatziioannou, H. Y. Chen, X. Chen, Y. Chen, H.-P. Cheng, C. K. Cheong, H. Y. Chia, F. Chiadini, R. Chierici, A. Chincarini, A. Chiummo, G. Cho, H. S. Cho, M. Cho, N. Christensen, Q. Chu, S. Chua, K. W. Chung, S. Chung, G. Ciani, P. Ciecielag, M. Cieślar, A. A. Ciobanu, R. Ciolfi, F. Cipriano, A. Cirone, F. Clara, J. A. Clark, P. Clearwater, S. Clesse, F. Cleva, E. Coccia, P.-F. Cohadon, D. Cohen, M. Colleoni, C. G. Collette, C. Collins, M. Colpi, M. Constancio Jr., L. Conti, S. J. Cooper, P. Corban, T. R. Corbitt, I. Cordero-Carrión, S. Corezzi, K. R. Corley, N. Cornish, D. Corre, A. Corsi, S. Cortese, C. A. Costa, R. Cotesta, M. W. Coughlin, S. B. Coughlin, J.-P. Coulon, S. T. Countryman, P. Couvares, P. B. Covas, D. M. Coward, M. J. Cowart, D. C. Coyne, R. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, J. Cripe, M. Croquette, S. G. Crowder, J.-R. Cudell, T. J. Cullen, A. Cumming, R. Cummings, L. Cunningham, E. Cuoco, M. Curylo, T. Dal Canton, G. Dálya, A. Dana, L. M. Daneshgaran-Bajastani, B. D’Angelo, S. L. Danilishin, S. D’Antonio, K. Danzmann, C. Darsow-Fromm, A. Dasgupta, L. E. H. Datrier, V. Dattilo, I. Dave, M. Davier, G. S. Davies, D. Davis, E. J. Daw, D. DeBra, M. Deenadayalan, J. Degallaix, M. De Laurentis, S. Deléglise, M. Delfavero, N. De Lillo, W. Del Pozzo, L. M. DeMarchi, V. D’Emilio, N. Demos, T. Dent, R. De Pietri, R. De Rosa, C. De Rossi, R. DeSalvo, O. de Varona, S. Dhurandhar, M. C. Díaz, M. Diaz-Ortiz Jr., T. Dietrich, L. Di Fiore, C. Di Fronzo, C. Di Giorgio, F. Di Giovanni, M. Di Giovanni, T. Di Girolamo, A. Di Lieto, B. Ding, S. Di Pace, I. Di Palma, F. Di Renzo, A. K. Divakarla, A. Dmitriev, Z. Doctor, F. Donovan, K. L. Dooley, S. Doravari, I. Dorrington, T. P. Downes, M. Drago, J. C. Driggers, Z. Du, J.-G. Ducoin, P. Dupej, O. Durante, D. D’Urso, S. E. Dwyer, P. J. Easter, G. Eddolls, B. Edelman, T. B. Edo, O. Edy, A. Effler, P. Ehrens, J. Eichholz, S. S. Eikenberry, M. Eisenmann, R. A. Eisenstein, A. Ejlli, L. Errico, R. C. Essick, H. Estelles, D. Estevez, Z. B. Etienne, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. M. Evans, B. E. Ewing, V. Fafone, S. Fairhurst, X. Fan, S. Farinon, B. Farr, W. M. Farr, E. J. Fauchon-Jones, M. Favata, M. Fays, M. Fazio, J. Feicht, M. M. Fejer, F. Feng, E. Fenyvesi, D. L. Ferguson, A. Fernandez-Galiana, I. Ferrante, E. C. Ferreira, T. A. Ferreira, F. Fidecaro, I. Fiori, D. Fiorucci, M. Fishbach, R. P. Fisher, R. Fittipaldi, M. Fitz-Axen, V. Fiumara, R. Flaminio, E. Floden, E. Flynn, H. Fong, J. A. Font, P. W. F. Forsyth, J.-D. Fournier, S. Frasca, F. Frasconi, Z. Frei, A. Freise, R. Frey, V. Frey, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, G. Fronzè, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, H. A. Gabbard, B. U. Gadre, S. M. Gaebel, J. R. Gair, S. Galaudage, D. Ganapathy, A. Ganguly, S. G. Gaonkar, C. García-Quirós, F. Garufi, B. Gateley, S. Gaudio, V. Gayathri, G. Gemme, E. Genin, A. Gennai, D. George, J. George, L. Gergely, S. Ghonge, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, S. Ghosh, B. Giacomazzo, J. A. Giaime, K. D. Giardina, D. R. Gibson, C. Gier, K. Gill, J. Glanzer, J. Gniesmer, P. Godwin, E. Goetz, R. Goetz, N. Gohlke, B. Goncharov, G. González, A. Gopakumar, S. E. Gossan, M. Gosselin, R. Gouaty, B. Grace, A. Grado, M. Granata, A. Grant, S. Gras, P. Grassia, C. Gray, R. Gray, G. Greco, A. C. Green, R. Green, E. M. Gretarsson, H. L. Griggs, G. Grignani, A. Grimaldi, S. J. Grimm, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, P. Gruning, G. M. Guidi, A. R. Guimaraes, G. Guixé, H. K. Gulati, Y. Guo, A. Gupta, Anchal Gupta, P. Gupta, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, L. Haegel, O. Halim, E. D. Hall, E. Z. Hamilton, G. Hammond, M. Haney, M. M. Hanke, J. Hanks, C. Hanna, M. D. Hannam, O. A. Hannuksela, T. J. Hansen, J. Hanson, T. Harder, T. Hardwick, K. Haris, J. Harms, G. M. Harry, I. W. Harry, R. K. Hasskew, C.-J. Haster, K. Haughian, F. J. Hayes, J. Healy, A. Heidmann, M. C. Heintze, J. Heinze, H. Heitmann, F. Hellman, P. Hello, G. Hemming, M. Hendry, I. S. Heng, E. Hennes, J. Hennig, M. Heurs, S. Hild, T. Hinderer, S. Y. Hoback, S. Hochheim, E. Hofgard, D. Hofman, A. M. Holgado, N. A. Holland, K. Holt, D. E. Holz, P. Hopkins, C. Horst, J. Hough, E. J. Howell, C. G. Hoy, Y. Huang, M. T. Hübner, E. A. Huerta, D. Huet, B. Hughey, V. Hui, S. Husa, S. H. Huttner, R. Huxford, T. Huynh-Dinh, B. Idzkowski, A. Iess, H. Inchauspe, C. Ingram, G. Intini, J.-M. Isac, M. Isi, B. R. Iyer, T. Jacqmin, S. J. Jadhav, S. P. Jadhav, A. L. James, K. Jani, N. N. Janthalur, P. Jaranowski, D. Jariwala, R. Jaume, A. C. Jenkins, J. Jiang, G. R. Johns, N. K. Johnson-McDaniel, A. W. 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Zucker, J. Zweizig, and LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration

Subjects
Gravitational wave astronomy, Gravitational wave sources, Astrophysical black holes, Compact binary stars, Gravitational waves, Gravitational wave detectors, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We report the observation of a compact binary coalescence involving a 22.2–24.3 M _⊙ black hole and a compact object with a mass of 2.50–2.67 M _⊙ (all measurements quoted at the 90% credible level). The gravitational-wave signal, GW190814, was observed during LIGO’s and Virgo’s third observing run on 2019 August 14 at 21:10:39 UTC and has a signal-to-noise ratio of 25 in the three-detector network. The source was localized to 18.5 deg ^2 at a distance of ${241}_{-45}^{+41}$ Mpc; no electromagnetic counterpart has been confirmed to date. The source has the most unequal mass ratio yet measured with gravitational waves, ${0.112}_{-0.009}^{+0.008}$ , and its secondary component is either the lightest black hole or the heaviest neutron star ever discovered in a double compact-object system. The dimensionless spin of the primary black hole is tightly constrained to ≤0.07. Tests of general relativity reveal no measurable deviations from the theory, and its prediction of higher-multipole emission is confirmed at high confidence. We estimate a merger rate density of 1–23 Gpc ^−3 yr ^−1 for the new class of binary coalescence sources that GW190814 represents. Astrophysical models predict that binaries with mass ratios similar to this event can form through several channels, but are unlikely to have formed in globular clusters. However, the combination of mass ratio, component masses, and the inferred merger rate for this event challenges all current models of the formation and mass distribution of compact-object binaries.

Published
2020
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230. GW190425: Observation of a Compact Binary Coalescence with Total Mass ∼ 3.4 M⊙

Author

B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, G. Allen, A. Allocca, M. A. Aloy, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, S. Anand, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, S. V. Angelova, S. Antier, S. Appert, K. Arai, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, M. Arène, N. Arnaud, S. M. Aronson, K. G. Arun, S. Ascenzi, G. Ashton, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, F. Aubin, P. Aufmuth, K. AultONeal, C. Austin, V. Avendano, A. Avila-Alvarez, S. Babak, P. Bacon, F. Badaracco, M. K. M. Bader, S. Bae, J. Baird, P. T. Baker, F. Baldaccini, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, A. Bals, S. Banagiri, J. C. Barayoga, C. Barbieri, S. E. Barclay, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, K. Barkett, S. Barnum, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, M. Bawaj, J. C. Bayley, A. C. Baylor, M. Bazzan, B. Bécsy, M. Bejger, I. Belahcene, A. S. 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Cotesta, M. W. Coughlin, S. B. Coughlin, J.-P. Coulon, S. T. Countryman, P. Couvares, P. B. Covas, E. E. Cowan, D. M. Coward, M. J. Cowart, D. C. Coyne, R. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, J. Cripe, M. Croquette, S. G. Crowder, T. J. Cullen, A. Cumming, L. Cunningham, E. Cuoco, T. Dal Canton, G. Dálya, B. D’Angelo, S. L. Danilishin, S. D’Antonio, K. Danzmann, A. Dasgupta, C. F. Da Silva Costa, L. E. H. Datrier, V. Dattilo, I. Dave, M. Davier, D. Davis, E. J. Daw, D. DeBra, M. Deenadayalan, J. Degallaix, M. De Laurentis, S. Deléglise, N. De Lillo, W. Del Pozzo, L. M. DeMarchi, N. Demos, T. Dent, R. De Pietri, R. De Rosa, C. De Rossi, R. DeSalvo, O. de Varona, S. Dhurandhar, M. C. Díaz, T. Dietrich, L. Di Fiore, C. DiFronzo, C. Di Giorgio, F. Di Giovanni, M. Di Giovanni, T. Di Girolamo, A. Di Lieto, B. Ding, S. Di Pace, I. Di Palma, F. Di Renzo, A. K. Divakarla, A. Dmitriev, Z. Doctor, F. Donovan, K. L. Dooley, S. Doravari, I. Dorrington, T. P. Downes, M. Drago, J. C. 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García-Quirós, F. Garufi, B. Gateley, S. Gaudio, G. Gaur, V. Gayathri, G. Gemme, E. Genin, A. Gennai, D. George, J. George, R. George, L. Gergely, S. Ghonge, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, S. Ghosh, B. Giacomazzo, J. A. Giaime, K. D. Giardina, D. R. Gibson, K. Gill, L. Glover, J. Gniesmer, P. Godwin, E. Goetz, R. Goetz, B. Goncharov, G. González, J. M. Gonzalez Castro, A. Gopakumar, S. E. Gossan, M. Gosselin, R. Gouaty, B. Grace, A. Grado, M. Granata, A. Grant, S. Gras, P. Grassia, C. Gray, R. Gray, G. Greco, A. C. Green, R. Green, E. M. Gretarsson, A. Grimaldi, S. J. Grimm, P. Groot, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, P. Gruning, G. M. Guidi, H. K. Gulati, Y. Guo, A. Gupta, Anchal Gupta, P. Gupta, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, L. Haegel, O. Halim, B. R. Hall, E. D. Hall, E. Z. Hamilton, G. Hammond, M. Haney, M. M. Hanke, J. Hanks, C. Hanna, M. D. Hannam, O. A. Hannuksela, T. J. Hansen, J. Hanson, T. Harder, T. Hardwick, K. Haris, J. Harms, G. M. Harry, I. W. Harry, R. K. Hasskew, C. J. Haster, K. Haughian, F. J. Hayes, J. Healy, A. Heidmann, M. C. Heintze, H. Heitmann, F. Hellman, P. Hello, G. Hemming, M. Hendry, I. S. Heng, J. Hennig, M. Heurs, S. Hild, T. Hinderer, W. C. G. Ho, S. Hochheim, D. Hofman, A. M. Holgado, N. A. Holland, K. Holt, D. E. Holz, P. Hopkins, C. Horst, J. Hough, E. J. Howell, C. G. Hoy, Y. Huang, M. T. Hübner, E. A. Huerta, D. Huet, B. Hughey, V. Hui, S. Husa, S. H. Huttner, T. Huynh-Dinh, B. Idzkowski, A. Iess, H. Inchauspe, C. Ingram, R. Inta, G. Intini, B. Irwin, H. N. Isa, J.-M. Isac, M. Isi, B. R. Iyer, T. Jacqmin, S. J. Jadhav, K. Jani, N. N. Janthalur, P. Jaranowski, D. Jariwala, A. C. Jenkins, J. Jiang, D. S. Johnson, N. K. Johnson-McDaniel, A. W. Jones, D. I. Jones, J. D. Jones, R. Jones, R. J. G. Jonker, L. Ju, J. Junker, C. V. Kalaghatgi, V. Kalogera, B. Kamai, S. Kandhasamy, G. Kang, J. B. Kanner, S. J. Kapadia, S. Karki, R. Kashyap, M. Kasprzack, W. Kastaun, S. Katsanevas, E. Katsavounidis, W. Katzman, S. Kaufer, K. Kawabe, N. V. Keerthana, F. Kéfélian, D. Keitel, R. Kennedy, J. S. Key, F. Y. Khalili, I. Khan, S. Khan, E. A. Khazanov, N. Khetan, M. Khursheed, N. Kijbunchoo, Chunglee Kim, J. C. Kim, K. Kim, W. Kim, W. S. Kim, Y.-M. Kim, C. Kimball, P. J. King, M. Kinley-Hanlon, R. Kirchhoff, J. S. Kissel, L. Kleybolte, J. H. Klika, S. Klimenko, T. D. Knowles, P. Koch, S. M. Koehlenbeck, G. Koekoek, S. Koley, V. Kondrashov, A. Kontos, N. Koper, M. Korobko, W. Z. Korth, M. Kovalam, D. B. Kozak, C. Krämer, V. Kringel, N. Krishnendu, A. Królak, N. Krupinski, G. Kuehn, A. Kumar, P. Kumar, Rahul Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, L. Kuo, A. Kutynia, S. Kwang, B. D. Lackey, D. Laghi, K. H. Lai, T. L. Lam, M. Landry, P. Landry, B. B. Lane, R. N. Lang, J. Lange, B. Lantz, R. K. Lanza, A. Lartaux-Vollard, P. D. Lasky, M. Laxen, A. Lazzarini, C. Lazzaro, P. Leaci, S. Leavey, Y. K. Lecoeuche, C. H. Lee, H. K. Lee, H. M. Lee, H. W. Lee, J. Lee, K. Lee, J. Lehmann, A. K. Lenon, N. Leroy, N. Letendre, Y. Levin, A. Li, J. Li, K. J. L. Li, T. G. F. Li, X. Li, F. Lin, F. Linde, S. D. Linker, T. B. Littenberg, J. Liu, X. Liu, M. Llorens-Monteagudo, R. K. L. Lo, L. T. London, A. Longo, M. Lorenzini, V. Loriette, M. Lormand, G. Losurdo, J. D. Lough, C. O. Lousto, G. Lovelace, M. E. Lower, J. F. Lucaccioni, H. Lück, D. Lumaca, A. P. Lundgren, R. Lynch, Y. Ma, R. Macas, S. Macfoy, M. MacInnis, D. M. Macleod, A. Macquet, I. Magaña Hernandez, F. Magaña-Sandoval, R. M. Magee, E. Majorana, I. Maksimovic, A. Malik, N. Man, V. Mandic, V. Mangano, G. L. Mansell, M. Manske, M. Mantovani, M. Mapelli, F. Marchesoni, F. Marion, S. Márka, Z. Márka, C. Markakis, A. S. Markosyan, A. Markowitz, E. Maros, A. Marquina, S. Marsat, F. Martelli, I. W. Martin, R. M. Martin, V. Martinez, D. V. Martynov, H. Masalehdan, K. Mason, E. Massera, A. Masserot, T. J. Massinger, M. Masso-Reid, S. Mastrogiovanni, A. Matas, F. Matichard, L. Matone, N. Mavalvala, J. J. McCann, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, S. McCormick, L. McCuller, S. C. McGuire, C. McIsaac, J. McIver, D. J. McManus, T. McRae, S. T. McWilliams, D. Meacher, G. D. Meadors, M. Mehmet, A. K. Mehta, J. Meidam, E. Mejuto Villa, A. Melatos, G. Mendell, R. A. Mercer, L. Mereni, K. Merfeld, E. L. Merilh, M. Merzougui, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, C. Messick, F. Messina, R. Metzdorff, P. M. Meyers, F. Meylahn, A. Miani, H. Miao, C. Michel, H. Middleton, L. Milano, A. L. Miller, M. Millhouse, J. C. Mills, M. C. Milovich-Goff, O. Minazzoli, Y. Minenkov, A. Mishkin, C. Mishra, T. Mistry, S. Mitra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, G. Mo, D. Moffa, K. Mogushi, S. R. P. Mohapatra, M. Molina-Ruiz, M. Mondin, M. Montani, C. J. Moore, D. Moraru, F. Morawski, G. Moreno, S. Morisaki, B. Mours, C. M. Mow-Lowry, F. Muciaccia, Arunava Mukherjee, D. Mukherjee, S. Mukherjee, Subroto Mukherjee, N. Mukund, A. Mullavey, J. Munch, E. A. Muñiz, M. Muratore, P. G. Murray, A. Nagar, I. Nardecchia, L. Naticchioni, R. K. Nayak, B. F. Neil, J. Neilson, G. Nelemans, T. J. N. Nelson, M. Nery, A. Neunzert, L. Nevin, K. Y. Ng, S. Ng, C. Nguyen, P. Nguyen, D. Nichols, S. A. Nichols, S. Nissanke, F. Nocera, C. North, L. K. Nuttall, M. Obergaulinger, J. Oberling, B. D. O’Brien, G. Oganesyan, G. H. Ogin, J. J. Oh, S. H. Oh, F. Ohme, H. Ohta, M. A. Okada, M. Oliver, P. Oppermann, Richard J. Oram, B. O’Reilly, R. G. Ormiston, L. F. Ortega, R. O’Shaughnessy, S. Ossokine, D. J. Ottaway, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, A. E. Pace, G. Pagano, M. A. Page, G. Pagliaroli, A. Pai, S. A. Pai, J. R. Palamos, O. Palashov, C. Palomba, H. Pan, P. K. Panda, P. T. H. Pang, C. Pankow, F. Pannarale, B. C. Pant, F. Paoletti, A. Paoli, A. Parida, W. Parker, D. Pascucci, A. Pasqualetti, R. Passaquieti, D. Passuello, M. Patil, B. Patricelli, E. Payne, B. L. Pearlstone, T. C. Pechsiri, A. J. Pedersen, M. Pedraza, R. Pedurand, A. Pele, S. Penn, A. Perego, C. J. Perez, C. Périgois, A. Perreca, J. Petermann, H. P. Pfeiffer, M. Phelps, K. S. Phukon, O. J. Piccinni, M. Pichot, F. Piergiovanni, V. Pierro, G. Pillant, L. Pinard, I. M. Pinto, M. Pirello, M. Pitkin, W. Plastino, R. Poggiani, D. Y. T. Pong, S. Ponrathnam, P. Popolizio, E. K. Porter, J. Powell, A. K. Prajapati, J. Prasad, K. Prasai, R. Prasanna, G. Pratten, T. Prestegard, M. Principe, G. A. Prodi, L. Prokhorov, M. Punturo, P. Puppo, M. Pürrer, H. Qi, V. Quetschke, P. J. Quinonez, F. J. Raab, G. Raaijmakers, H. Radkins, N. Radulesco, P. Raffai, S. Raja, C. Rajan, B. Rajbhandari, M. Rakhmanov, K. E. Ramirez, A. Ramos-Buades, Javed Rana, K. Rao, P. Rapagnani, V. Raymond, M. Razzano, J. Read, T. Regimbau, L. Rei, S. Reid, D. H. Reitze, P. Rettegno, F. Ricci, C. J. Richardson, J. W. Richardson, P. M. Ricker, G. Riemenschneider, K. Riles, M. Rizzo, N. A. Robertson, F. Robinet, A. Rocchi, L. Rolland, J. G. Rollins, V. J. Roma, M. Romanelli, R. Romano, C. L. Romel, J. H. Romie, C. A. Rose, D. Rose, K. Rose, M. J. B. Rosell, D. Rosińska, S. G. Rosofsky, M. P. Ross, S. Rowan, S. Roy, A. Rüdiger, P. Ruggi, G. Rutins, K. Ryan, S. Sachdev, T. Sadecki, M. Sakellariadou, O. S. Salafia, L. Salconi, M. Saleem, A. Samajdar, L. Sammut, E. J. Sanchez, L. E. Sanchez, N. Sanchis-Gual, J. R. Sanders, K. A. Santiago, E. Santos, N. Sarin, B. Sassolas, B. S. Sathyaprakash, O. Sauter, R. L. Savage, P. Schale, M. Scheel, J. Scheuer, P. Schmidt, R. Schnabel, R. M. S. Schofield, A. Schönbeck, E. Schreiber, B. W. Schulte, B. F. Schutz, J. Scott, S. M. Scott, E. Seidel, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, N. Sennett, D. Sentenac, V. Sequino, A. Sergeev, Y. Setyawati, D. A. Shaddock, T. Shaffer, M. S. Shahriar, M. B. Shaner, A. Sharma, P. Sharma, P. Shawhan, H. Shen, R. Shink, D. H. Shoemaker, D. M. Shoemaker, K. Shukla, S. ShyamSundar, K. Siellez, M. Sieniawska, D. Sigg, L. P. Singer, D. Singh, N. Singh, A. Singhal, A. M. Sintes, S. Sitmukhambetov, V. Skliris, B. J. J. Slagmolen, T. J. Slaven-Blair, J. R. Smith, R. J. E. Smith, S. Somala, E. J. Son, S. Soni, B. Sorazu, F. Sorrentino, T. Souradeep, E. Sowell, A. P. Spencer, M. Spera, A. K. Srivastava, V. Srivastava, K. Staats, C. Stachie, M. Standke, D. A. Steer, M. Steinke, J. Steinlechner, S. Steinlechner, D. Steinmeyer, S. P. Stevenson, D. Stocks, R. Stone, D. J. Stops, K. A. Strain, G. Stratta, S. E. Strigin, A. Strunk, R. Sturani, A. L. Stuver, V. Sudhir, T. Z. Summerscales, L. Sun, S. Sunil, A. Sur, J. Suresh, P. J. Sutton, B. L. Swinkels, M. J. Szczepańczyk, M. Tacca, S. C. Tait, C. Talbot, D. B. Tanner, D. Tao, M. Tápai, A. Tapia, J. D. Tasson, R. Taylor, R. Tenorio, L. Terkowski, M. Thomas, P. Thomas, S. R. Thondapu, K. A. Thorne, E. Thrane, Shubhanshu Tiwari, Srishti Tiwari, V. Tiwari, K. Toland, M. Tonelli, Z. Tornasi, A. Torres-Forné, C. I. Torrie, D. Töyrä, F. Travasso, G. Traylor, M. C. Tringali, A. Tripathee, A. Trovato, L. Trozzo, K. W. Tsang, M. Tse, R. Tso, L. Tsukada, D. Tsuna, T. Tsutsui, D. Tuyenbayev, K. Ueno, D. Ugolini, C. S. Unnikrishnan, A. L. Urban, S. A. Usman, H. Vahlbruch, G. Vajente, G. Valdes, M. Valentini, N. van Bakel, M. van Beuzekom, J. F. J. van den Brand, C. Van Den Broeck, D. C. Vander-Hyde, L. van der Schaaf, J. V. VanHeijningen, A. A. van Veggel, M. Vardaro, V. Varma, S. Vass, M. Vasúth, A. Vecchio, G. Vedovato, J. Veitch, P. J. Veitch, K. Venkateswara, G. Venugopalan, D. Verkindt, F. Vetrano, A. Viceré, A. D. Viets, S. Vinciguerra, D. J. Vine, J.-Y. Vinet, S. Vitale, T. Vo, H. Vocca, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyatchanin, A. R. Wade, L. E. Wade, M. Wade, R. Walet, M. Walker, L. Wallace, S. Walsh, H. Wang, J. Z. Wang, S. Wang, W. H. Wang, R. L. Ward, Z. A. Warden, J. Warner, M. Was, J. Watchi, B. Weaver, L.-W. Wei, M. Weinert, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, F. Wellmann, L. Wen, E. K. Wessel, P. Weßels, J. W. Westhouse, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, D. D. White, B. F. Whiting, C. Whittle, D. M. Wilken, D. Williams, A. R. Williamson, J. L. Willis, B. Willke, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, H. Wittel, G. Woan, J. Woehler, J. K. Wofford, J. L. Wright, D. S. Wu, D. M. Wysocki, S. Xiao, R. Xu, H. Yamamoto, C. C. Yancey, L. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Yang, M. J. Yap, M. Yazback, D. W. Yeeles, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, S. H. R. Yuen, A. K. Zadrożny, A. Zadrożny, M. Zanolin, T. Zelenova, J.-P. Zendri, M. Zevin, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, T. Zhang, C. Zhao, G. Zhao, M. Zhou, Z. Zhou, X. J. Zhu, A. B. Zimmerman, M. E. Zucker, and J. Zweizig

Subjects
Neutron stars, Gravitational waves, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

On 2019 April 25, the LIGO Livingston detector observed a compact binary coalescence with signal-to-noise ratio 12.9. The Virgo detector was also taking data that did not contribute to detection due to a low signal-to-noise ratio, but were used for subsequent parameter estimation. The 90% credible intervals for the component masses range from $1.12$ to $2.52\,{M}_{\odot }$ ( $1.46$ – $1.87\,{M}_{\odot }$ if we restrict the dimensionless component spin magnitudes to be smaller than 0.05). These mass parameters are consistent with the individual binary components being neutron stars. However, both the source-frame chirp mass ${1.44}_{-0.02}^{+0.02}\,{M}_{\odot }$ and the total mass ${3.4}_{-0.1}^{+0.3}{M}_{\odot }$ of this system are significantly larger than those of any other known binary neutron star (BNS) system. The possibility that one or both binary components of the system are black holes cannot be ruled out from gravitational-wave data. We discuss possible origins of the system based on its inconsistency with the known Galactic BNS population. Under the assumption that the signal was produced by a BNS coalescence, the local rate of neutron star mergers is updated to 250–2810 $\,{\mathrm{Gpc}}^{-3}\,{\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}$ .

Published
2020
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231. Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity and Probiotic Potential of Lactobacillus plantarum Isolated from Chinese Homemade Pickles

Author

Y. Zeng, Y. Li, Q. P. Wu, J. M. Zhang, X. Q. Xie, Y. Ding, S. Z. Cai, Q. H. Ye, M. T. Chen, L. Xue, S. Wu, H. Y. Zeng, X. J. Yang, and J. Wang

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

This study investigated the antipathogenic activity and probiotic potential of indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Chinese homemade pickles. In total, 27 samples were collected from different sites in China. Fifty-nine yielded pure colonies were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as LAB and were initially evaluated for the antibacterial activity in vitro. Initial screening yielded Lactobacillus plantarum GS083, GS086, and GS090, which showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against food-borne pathogens, especially multidrug-resistant pathogens. Meanwhile, organic acids were mainly responsible for the antimicrobial activity of the LAB strains, and the most abundant of these was lactic acid (19.32 ± 0.95 to 24.79 ± 0.40 g/l). Additionally, three L. plantarum strains demonstrated several basic probiotic characteristics including cell surface hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, and survival under gastrointestinal (GI) tract conditions. The safety of these isolates was also evaluated based on their antibiotic susceptibility, hemolytic risk, bile salt hydrolase activity, and existence of virulence or antibiotic resistance genes. All strains were safe at both the genomic and phenotypic levels. Therefore, L. plantarum GS083, GS086, and GS090 are fairly promising probiotic candidates and may be favorable for use as preservatives in the food industry.

Published
2020
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232. Predictors of neonatal mortality: development and validation of prognostic models using prospective data from rural Bangladesh

Author

Hasmot Ali, Alain B Labrique, Farhad A Khan, Luke C Mullany, Lee F-S Wu, Saijuddin Shaikh, Kelsey Alland, and Keith P West Jr

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Objective To assess the extent to which maternal histories of newborn danger signs independently or combined with birth weight and/or gestational age (GA) can capture and/or predict postsecond day (age>48 hours) neonatal death.Methods Data from a cluster-randomised trial conducted in rural Bangladesh were split into development and validation sets. The prompted recall of danger signs and birth weight measurements were collected within 48 hours postchildbirth. Maternally recalled danger signs included cyanosis (any part of the infant’s body was blue at birth), non-cephalic presentation (part other than head came out first at birth), lethargy (weak or no arm/leg movement and/or cry at birth), trouble suckling (infant unable to suckle/feed normally in the 2 days after birth or before death, collected 1-month postpartum or from verbal autopsy). Last menstrual period was collected at maternal enrolment early in pregnancy. Singleton newborns surviving 2 days past childbirth were eligible for analysis. Prognostic multivariable models were developed and internally validated.Results Recalling ≥1 sign of lethargy, cyanosis, non-cephalic presentation or trouble suckling identified postsecond day neonatal death with 65.3% sensitivity, 60.8% specificity, 2.1% positive predictive value (PPV) and 99.3% negative predictive value (NPV) in the development set. Requiring either lethargy or weight

Published
2020
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233. Renormalization group analysis of near-field induced dephasing of optical spin waves in an atomic medium

Author

S Grava, Y He, S Wu, and D E Chang

Subjects
atomic physics, quantum physics, dephasing, renormalization group, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

While typical theories of atom–light interactions treat the atomic medium as being smooth, it is well-known that microscopic optical effects driven by atomic granularity, dipole–dipole interactions, and multiple scattering can lead to important effects. Recently, for example, it was experimentally observed that these ingredients can lead to a fundamental, density-dependent dephasing of optical spin waves in a disordered atomic medium. Here, we go beyond the short-time and dilute limits considered previously, to develop a comprehensive theory of dephasing dynamics for arbitrary times and atomic densities. In particular, we develop a novel, non-perturbative theory based on strong disorder renormalization group (RG), in order to quantitatively predict the dominant role that near-field optical interactions between nearby neighbors has in driving the dephasing process. This theory also enables one to capture the key features of the many-atom dephasing dynamics in terms of an effective single-atom model. These results should shed light on the limits imposed by near-field interactions on quantum optical phenomena in dense atomic media, and illustrate the promise of strong disorder RG as a method of dealing with complex microscopic optical phenomena in such systems.

Published
2022
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234. GWTC-2: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run

Author

R Abbott, T D Abbott, S Abraham, F Acernese, K Ackley, A Adams, C Adams, R X Adhikari, V B Adya, C Aeldt, M Agathos, K Agatsuma, N Aggarwal, O D Aguiar, L Aiello, A Ain, P Ajith, S Akcay, G Allen, A Allocca, P A Altin, A Amato, S Anand, A Ananyeva, S B Anderson, W G Anderson, S V Angelova, S Ansoldi, J M Antelis, K Arai, M Arene, S Antier, J S Areeda, S Appert, M C Araya, N Arnaud, S M Aronson, K G Arun, Y Asali, S Ascenzi, G Ashton, S M Aston, P Astone, F Aubin, P Aufmuth, K AultONeal, C Austin, V Avendano, S Babak, F Badaracco, M K M Bader, S Bae, A M Baer, S Bagnasco, J Baird, M Ball, G Ballardin, S W Ballmer, A Bals, A Balsamo, G Baltus, S Banagiri, D Bankar, R S Bankar, J C Barayoga, C Barbieri, B C Barish, D Barker, P Barneo, S Barnum, F Barone, B Barr, L Barsotti, M Barsuglia, D Barta, J Bartlett, I Bartos, R Bassiri, A Basti, M Bawaj, J C Bayley, M Bazzan, B R Becher, B Becsy, V M Bedakihale, M Bejger, I Belahcene, D Beniwal, M G Benjamin, T F Bennett, J D Bentley, F Bergamin, B K Berger, G Bergmann, S Bernuzzi, C P L Berry, D Bersanetti, A Bertolini, J Betzwieser, R Bhandare, A V Bhandari, D Bhattacharjee, J Bidler, I A Bilenko, G Billingsley, R Birney, O Birnholtz, S Biscans, M Bischi, S Biscoveanu, A Bisht, M Bitossi, M -A Bizouard, J K Blackburn, J Blackman, C D Blair, D G Blair, R M Blair, O Blanch, F Bobba, N Bode, M Boer, Y Boetzel, G Bogaert, M Boldrini, F Bondu, E Bonilla, R Bonnand, P Booker, B A Boom, R Bork, V Boschi, S Bose, V Bossilkov, V Boudart, Y Bouanais, A Bozzi, C Bradaschia, P R Brady, A Bramley, M Branchesi, J E Brau, M Breschi, T Briant, J H Briggs, F Brighenti, A Brillet, M Brinkmann, P Brockill, A F Brooks, J Brooks, D D Brown, S Brunett, G Bruno, R Bruntz, A Buikema, T Bulik, H J Bulten, A Buonanno, R Buscicchio, D Buskulic, R L Byer, M Cabero, L Cadonati, M Caesar, G Cagnoli, C Cahillane, J Calderon Bustillo, J D Callaghan, T A Callister, E Calloni, J B Camp, M Canepa, K C Cannon, H Cao, J Cao, G Carapella, F Carbognani, M F Carney, M Carpinelli, G Carullo, T L Carver, J Casanueva Diaz, C Casentini, S Caudill, M Cavaglia, F Cavalier, R Cavalieri, G Cella, P Cerda Duran, E Cesarini, W Chaibi, K Chakravarti, C -L Chan, C Chan, K Chandra, P Chanial, S Chao, P Charlton, E A Chase, E Chassande Mottin, D Chatterjee, D Chattopadhyay, M Chaturvedi, K Chatziioannou, A Chen, H Y Chen, X Chen, Y Chen, H -P Cheng, C K Cheong, H Y Chia, F Chiadini, R Chierici, A Chincarini, A Chiummo, G Cho, H S Cho, M Cho, S Choate, N Christensen, Q Chu, S Chua, K W Chung, S Chung, G Ciani, P Ciecielag, M Cieslar, M Cifaldi, A A Ciobanu, R Ciolfi, F Cipriano, A Cirone, F Clara, E N Clark, J A Clark, L Clarke, P Clearwater, S Clesse, F Cleva, E Coccia, P -F Cohadon, D E Cohen, M Colleoni, C G Collette, C Collins, M Colpi, M Constancio Jr, L Conti, S J Cooper, P Corban, T R Corbitt, I Cordero Carrion, S Corezzi, K R Corley, N Cornish, D Corre, A Corsi, S Cortese, C A Costa, R Cotesta, M W Coughlin, S B Coughlin, J -P Coulon, S T Countryman, B Cousins, P Couvares, P B Covas, D M Coward, M J Cowart, D C Coyne, R Coyne, J D E Creighton, T D Creighton, M Croquette, S G Crowder, J R Cudell, T J Cullen, A Cumming, R Cummings, L Cunningham, E Cuoco, M Curylo, T Dal Canton, G Dalya, A Dana, L M DaneshgaranBajastani, B DAngelo, B Danila, S L Danilishin, S DAntonio, K Danzmann, C DarsowFromm, A Dasgupta, L E H Datrier, V Dattilo, I Dave, M Davier, G S Davies, D Davis, E J Daw, R Dean, D DeBra, M Deenadayalan, J Degallaix, M De Laurentis, S Deleglise, V Del Favero, F De Lillo, N De Lillo, W Del Pozzo, L M DeMarchi, F De Matteis, V DEmilio, N Demos, T Denker, T Dent, A Depasse, R De Pietri, R De Rosa, C De Rossi, R DeSalvo, O de Varona, S Dhurandhar, M C Diaz, M Diaz Ortiz Jr, N A Didio, T Dietrich, L Di Fiore, C DiFronzo, C Di Giorgio, F Di Giovanni, M Di Giovanni, T Di Girolamo, A Di Lieto, B Ding, S Di Pace, I Di Palma, F Di Renzo, A K Divakarla, A Dmitriev, Z Doctor, L DOnofrio, F Donovan, K L Dooley, S Doravari, I Dorrington, T P Downes, M Drago, J C Driggers, Z Du, J -G Ducoin, P Dupej, O Durante, D DUrso, P -A Duverne, S E Dwyer, P J Easter, G Eddolls, B Edelman, T B Edo, O Edy, A Effler, J Eichholz, S S Eikenberry, M Eisenmann, R A Eisenstein, A Ejlli, L Errico, R C Essick, H Estelles, D Estevez, Z B Etienne, T Etzel, M Evans, T M Evans, B E Ewing, V Fafone, H Fair, S Fairhurst, X Fan, A M Farah, S Farinon, B Farr, W M Farr, E J Fauchon Jones, M Favata, M Fays, M Fazio, J Feicht, M M Fejer, F Feng, E Fenyvesi, D L Ferguson, A Fernandez Galiana, I Ferrante, T A Ferreira, F Fidecaro, P Figura, I Fiori, D Fiorucci, M Fishbach, R P Fisher, J M Fishner, R Fittipaldi, M Fitz Axen, V Fiumara, R Flaminio, E Floden, E Flynn, H Fong, J A Font, P W F Forsyth, J -D Fournier, S Frasca, F Frasconi, Z Frei, A Freise, R Frey, V Frey, P Fritschel, V V Frolov, G G Fronze, P Fulda, M Fyffe, H A Gabbard, B U Gadre, S M Gaebel, J R Gair, J Gais, S Galaudage, R Gamba, D Ganapathy, A Ganguly, S G Gaonkar, B Garaventa, C Garcia Quiros, F Garufi, B Gateley, S Gaudio, V Gayathri, G Gemme, A Gennai, D George, J George, R N George, L Gergely, S Ghonge, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, S Ghosh, B Giacomazzo, L Giacoppo, J A Giaime, K D Giardina, D R Gibson, C Gier, K Gill, P Giri, J Glanzer, A E Gleckl, P Godwin, E Goetz, R Goetz, N Gohlke, B Goncharov, G Gonzalez, A Gopakumar, S E Gossan, M Gosselin, R Gouaty, B Grace, A Grado, M Granata, V Granata, A Grant, S Gras, P Grassia, C Gray, R Gray, G Greco, A C Green, R Green, E M Gretarsson, H L Griggs, G Grignani, A Grimaldi, E Grimes, S J Grimm, H Grote, S Grunewald, P Gruning, J G Guerrero, G M Guidi, A R Guimaraes, G Guixe, H K Gulati, Y Guo, Anchal Gupta, Anuradha Gupta, P Gupta, E K Gustafson, R Gustafson, F Guzman, L Haegel, O Halim, E D Hall, E Z Hamilton, G Hammond, M Haney, M M Hanke, J Hanks, C Hanna, M D Hannam, O A Hannuksela, O Hannuksela, H Hansen, T J Hansen, J Hanson, T Harder, T Hardwick, K Haris, J Harms, G M Harry, I W Harry, D Hartwig, R K Hasskew, C -J Haster, K Haughian, F J Hayes, J Healy, A Heidmann, M C Heintze, J Heinze, J Heinzel, H Heitmann, F Hellman, P Hello, A F Helmling Cornell, G Hemming, M Hendry, I S Heng, E Hennes, J Hennig, M H Hennig, F Hernandez Vivanco, M Heurs, S Hild, P Hill, A S Hines, S Hochheim, E Hofgard, D Hofman, J N Hohmann, A M Holgado, N A Holland, I J Hollows, Z J Holmes, K Holt, D E Holz, P Hopkins, C Horst, J Hough, E J Howell, C G Hoy, D Hoyland, Y Huang, M T Hubner, A D Huddart, E A Huerta, B Hughey, V Hui, S Husa, S H Huttner, B M Hutzler, R Huxford, T Huynh-Dinh, B Idzkowski, A Iess, S Imperato, H Inchauspe, C Ingram, G Intini, M Isi, B R Iyer, V JaberianHamedan, T Jacqmin, S J Jadhav, S P Jadhav, A L James, K Jani, K Janssens, N N Janthalur, P Jaranowski, D Jariwala, R Jaume, A C Jenkins, M Jeunon, J Jiang, G R Johns, N K Johnson McDaniel, A W Jones, D I Jones, J D Jones, P Jones, R Jones, R J G Jonker, L Ju, J Junker, C V Kalaghatgi, V Kalogera, B Kamai, S Kandhasamy, G Kang, J B Kanner, S J Kapadia, D P Kapasi, C Karathanasis, S Karki, R Kashyap, M Kasprzack, W Kastaun, S Katsanevas, E Katsavounidis, W Katzman, K Kawabe, F Kefelian, D Keitel, J S Key, S Khadka, F Y Khalili, I Khan, S Khan, E A Khazanov, N Khetan, M Khursheed, N Kijbunchoo, C Kim, G J Kim, J C Kim, K Kim, W S Kim, Y -M Kim, C Kimball, P J King, M Kinley Hanlon, R Kirchho, J S Kissel, L Kleybolte, S Klimenko, T D Knowles, E Knyazev, P Koch, S M Koehlenbeck, G Koekoek, S Koley, M Kolstein, K Komori, V Kondrashov, A Kontos, N Koper, M Korobko, W Z Korth, M Kovalam, D B Kozak, C Kramer, V Kringel, N V Krishnendu, A Krolak, G Kuehn, A Kumar, P Kumar, Rahul Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, K Kuns, S Kwang, B D Lackey, D Laghi, E Lalande, T L Lam, A Lamberts, M Landry, B B Lane, R N Lang, J Lange, B Lantz, R K Lanza, I La Rosa, A Lartaux Vollard, P D Lasky, M Laxen, A Lazzarini, C Lazzaro, P Leaci, S Leavey, Y K Lecoeuche, H M Lee, H W Lee, J Lee, K Lee, J Lehmann, E Leon, N Leroy, N Letendre, Y Levin, A Li, J Li, K J L Li, T G F Li, X Li, F Linde, S D Linker, J N Linley, T B Littenberg, J Liu, X Liu, M Llorens Monteagudo, R K L Lo, A Lockwood, L T London, A Longo, M Lorenzini, V Loriette, M Lormand, G Losurdo, J D Lough, C O Lousto, G Lovelace, H Luck, D Lumaca, A P Lundgren, Y Ma, R Macas, M MacInnis, D M Macleod, I A O MacMillan, A Macquet, I Magana Hernandez, F Magana Sandoval, C Magazzu, R M Magee, E Majorana, I Maksimovic, S Maliakal, A Malik, N Man, V Mandic, V Mangano, G L Mansell, M Manske, M Mantovani, M Mapelli, F Marchesoni, F Marion, S Marka, Z Marka, C Markakis, A S Markosyan, A Markowitz, E Maros, A Marquina, S Marsat, F Martelli, I W Martin, R M Martin, M Martinez, V Martinez, D V Martynov, H Masalehdan, K Mason, E Massera, A Masserot, T J Massinger, M Masso Reid, S Mastrogiovanni, A Matas, M Mateu Lucena, F Matichard, M Matiushechkina, N Mavalvala, E Maynard, J J McCann, R McCarthy, D E McClelland, S McCormick, L McCuller, S C McGuire, C McIsaac, J McIver, D J McManus, T McRae, S T McWilliams, D Meacher, G D Meadors, M Mehmet, A K Mehta, A Melatos, D A Melchor, G Mendell, A Menendez Vazquez, R A Mercer, L Mereni, K Merfeld, E L Merilh, J D Merritt, M Merzougui, S Meshkov, C Messenger, C Messick, R Metzdor, P M Meyers, F Meylahn, A Mhaske, A Miani, H Miao, I Michaloliakos, C Michel, H Middleton, L Milano, A L Miller, M Millhouse, J C Mills, E Milotti, M C Milovich Go, O Minazzoli, Y Minenkov, Ll M Mir, A Mishkin, C Mishra, T Mistry, S Mitra, V P Mitrofanov, G Mitselmakher, R Mittleman, G Mo, K Mogushi, S R P Mohapatra, S R Mohite, I Molina, M Molina Ruiz, M Mondin, M Montani, C J Moore, D Moraru, F Morawski, G Moreno, S Morisaki, B Mours, C M Mow Lowry, S Mozzon, F Muciaccia, Arunava Mukherjee, D Mukherjee, Soma Mukherjee, Subroto Mukherjee, N Mukund, A Mullavey, J Munch, E A Muniz, P G Murray, S L Nadji, A Nagar, I Nardecchia, L Naticchioni, R K Nayak, B F Neil, J Neilson, G Nelemans, T J N Nelson, M Nery, A Neunzert, A H Nitz, K Y Ng, S Ng, C Nguyen, P Nguyen, T Nguyen, S A Nichols, S Nissanke, F Nocera, M Noh, C North, D Nothard, L K Nuttall, J Oberling, B D O Brien, J O Dell, G Oganesyan, G H Ogin, J J Oh, S H Oh, F Ohme, H Ohta, M A Okada, C Olivetto, P Oppermann, R J Oram, B O Reilly, R G Ormiston, L F Ortega, R O Shaughnessy, S Ossokine, C Osthelder, D J Ottaway, H Overmier, B J Owen, A E Pace, G Pagano, M A Page, G Pagliaroli, A Pai, S A Pai, J R Palamos, O Palashov, C Palomba, H Pan, P K Panda, T H Pang, C Pankow, F Pannarale, B C Pant, F Paoletti, A Paoli, A Paolone, W Parker, D Pascucci, A Pasqualetti, R Passaquieti, D Passuello, M Patel, B Patricelli, E Payne, T C Pechsiri, M Pedraza, M Pegoraro, A Pele, S Penn, A Perego, C J Perez, C Perigois, A Perreca, S Perries, J Petermann, D Petterson, H P Pfeiffer, K A Pham, K S Phukon, O J Piccinni, M Pichot, M Piendibene, F Piergiovanni, L Pierini, V Pierro, G Pillant, F Pilo, L Pinard, I M Pinto, K Piotrzkowski, M Pirello, M Pitkin, E Placidi, W Plastino, C Pluchar, R Poggiani, E Polini, D Y T Pong, S Ponrathnam, P Popolizio, E K Porter, A Poverman, J Powell, M Pracchia, K Prasai, R Prasanna, G Pratten, T Prestegard, M Principe, G A Prodi, L Prokhorov, P Prosposito, L Prudenzi, A Puecher, M Punturo, F Puosi, P Puppo, M Purrer, H Qi, V Quetschke, P J Quinonez, R Quitzow James, F J Raab, G Raaijmakers, H Radkins, N Radulesco, P Raffai, H Rafferty, S X Rail, S Raja, C Rajan, B Rajbhandari, M Rakhmanov, K E Ramirez, T D Ramirez, A Ramos Buades, J Rana, K Rao, P Rapagnani, U D Rapol, B Ratto, V Raymond, M Razzano, J Read, T Regimbau, L Rei, S Reid, D H Reitze, P Rettegno, F Ricci, C J Richardson, J W Richardson, L Richardson, P M Ricker, G Riemenschneider, K Riles, M Rizzo, N A Robertson, A Rocchi, J A Rocha, S Rodriguez, R D Rodriguez Soto, L Rolland, J G Rollins, V J Roma, M Romanelli, F Robinet, R Romano, C L Romel, A Romero, I M Romero Shaw, J H Romie, S Ronchini, C A Rose, D Rose, K Rose, M J B Rosell, D Rosinska, S G Rosofsky, M P Ross, S Rowan, S J Rowlinson, Santosh Roy, Soumen Roy, P Ruggi, K Ryan, S Sachdev, T Sadecki, J Sadiq, M Sakellariadou, O S Salafia, L Salconi, M Saleem, A Samajdar, E J Sanchez, J H Sanchez, L E Sanchez, N Sanchis Gual, J R Sanders, L Sandles, K A Santiago, E Santos, T R Saravanan, N Sarin, B Sassolas, B S Sathyaprakash, O Sauter, R L Savage, V Savant, D Sawant, S Sayah, D Schaetzl, P Schale, M Scheel, J Scheuer, A Schindler Tyka, P Schmidt, R Schnabel, R M S Schofield, A Schonbeck, E Schreiber, B W Schulte, B F Schutz, O Schwarm, E Schwartz, J Scott, S M Scott, M Seglar Arroyo, E Seidel, D Sellers, A S Sengupta, N Sennett, D Sentenac, V Sequino, A Sergeev, Y Setyawati, T Shaffer, M S Shahriar, S Shariffi, A Sharma, P Sharma, P Shawhan, H Shen, M Shikauchi, R Shink, D H Shoemaker, D M Shoemaker, K Shukla, S ShyamSundar, M Sieniawska, D Sigg, L P Singer, D Singh, N Singh, A Singha, A Singhal, A M Sintes, V Sipala, V Skliris, B J J Slagmolen, T J Slaven Blair, J Smetana, J R Smith, R J E Smith, S N Somala, E J Son, K Soni, S Soni, B Sorazu, V Sordini, F Sorrentino, N Sorrentino, R Soulard, T Souradeep, E Sowell, A P Spencer, M Spera, A K Srivastava, V Srivastava, K Staats, C Stachie, D A Steer, J Steinho, M Steinke, J Steinlechner, S Steinlechner, D Steinmeyer, S P Stevenson, G Stolle McAllister, D J Stops, M Stover, K A Strain, G Stratta, A Strunk, R Sturani, A L Stuver, J Sudbeck, S Sudhagar, V Sudhir, H G Suh, T Z Summerscales, H Sun, L Sun, S Sunil, A Sur, J Suresh, P J Sutton, B L Swinkels, M J Szczepanczyk, M Tacca, S C Tait, C Talbot, A J Tanasijczuk, D B Tanner, D Tao, A Tapia, E N Tapia San Martin, J D Tasson, R Taylor, R Tenorio, L Terkowski, M P Thirugnanasambandam, L M Thomas, M Thomas, P Thomas, J E Thompson, S R Thondapu, K A Thorne, E Thrane, Shubhanshu Tiwari, Srishti Tiwari, V Tiwari, K Toland, A E Tolley, M Tonelli, Z Tornasi, A Torres Forne, C I Torrie, I Tosta e Melo, D Toyra, A T Tran, A Trapananti, F Travasso, G Traylor, M C Tringali, A Tripathee, A Trovato, R J Trudeau, D S Tsai, K W Tsang, M Tse, R Tso, L Tsukada, D Tsuna, T Tsutsui, M Turconi, A S Ubhi, R P Udall, K Ueno, D Ugolini, C S Unnikrishnan, A L Urban, S A Usman, A C Utina, H Vahlbruch, G Vajente, A Vajpeyi, G Valdes, M Valentini, V Valsan, N van Bakel, M van Beuzekom, J F J van den Brand, C Van Den Broeck, D C Vander Hyde, L van der Schaaf, J V van Heijningen, M Vardaro, A F Vargas, V Varma, S Vass, M Vasuth, A Vecchio, G Vedovato, J Veitch, P J Veitch, K Venkateswara, J Venneberg, G Venugopalan, D Verkindt, Y Verma, D Veske, F Vetrano, A Vicere, A D Viets, A Vijaykumar, V Villa Ortega, J -Y Vinet, S Vitale, T Vo, H Vocca, C Vorvick, S P Vyatchanin, A R Wade, L E Wade, M Wade, R C Walet, M Walker, G S Wallace, L Wallace, S Walsh, J Z Wang, S Wang, W H Wang, Y F Wang, R L Ward, J Warner, M Was, N Y Washington, J Watchi, B Weaver, L Wei, M Weinert, A J Weinstein, R Weiss, F Wellmann, L Wen, P Wessels, J W Westhouse, K Wette, J T Whelan, D D White, L V White, B F Whiting, C Whittle, D M Wilken, D Williams, M J Williams, A R Williamson, J L Willis, B Willke, D J Wilson, M H Wimmer, W Winkler, C C Wipf, G Woan, J Woehler, J K Wofford, I C F Wong, J Wrangel, J L Wright, D S Wu, D M Wysocki, L Xiao, H Yamamoto, L Yang, Y Yang, Z Yang, M J Yap, D W Yeeles, A Yoon, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, S H R Yuen, A Zadrozny, M Zanolin, T Zelenova, J -P Zendri, M Zevin, J Zhang, L Zhang, R Zhang, T Zhang, C Zhao, G Zhao, Y Zheng, M Zhou, Z Zhou, X J Zhu, A B Zimmerman, Y Zlochower, M E Zucker, and J Zweizig

Subjects
Astronomy
Abstract

We report on gravitational wave discoveries from compact binary coalescences detected by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo in the first half of the third observing run (O3a) between 1 April 2019 15:00 UTC and 1 October 2019 15:00 UTC. By imposing a false-alarm-rate threshold of two per year in each of the four search pipelines that constitute our search, we present 39 candidate gravitational wave events. At this threshold, we expect a contamination fraction of less than 10%. Of these, 26 candidate events were reported previously in near real-time through GCN Notices and Circulars; 13 are reported here for the first time. The catalog contains events whose sources are black hole binary mergers up to a redshift of ~ 0.8, as well as events whose components could not be unambiguously identified as black holes or neutron stars. For the latter group, we are unable to determine the nature based on estimates of the component masses and spins from gravitational wave data alone. The range of candidate event masses which are unambiguously identified as binary black holes (both objects ≥ 3 M⨀) is increased compared to GWTC-1, with total masses from ∼ 14M⨀ for GW190924 021846 to ∼ 150M⨀ for GW190521. For the first time, this catalog includes binary systems with significantly asymmetric mass ratios, which had not been observed in data taken before April 2019. We also find that 11 of the 39 events detected since April 2019 have positive effective inspiral spins under our default prior (at 90% credibility), while none exhibit negative effective inspiral spin. Given the increased sensitivity of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, the detection of 39 candidate events in ∼26 weeks of data (∼1.5 per week) is consistent with GWTC-1.

Published
2021
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235. Personal Sovereignty in Adolescents and Youth from Armenia, China, and Russia

Author

Sofya K. Nartova-Bochaver, Anna Hakobjanyan, Svetlana Harutyunyan, Narine Khachatryan, and Michael S. Wu

Subjects
personal sovereignty, empirical Self, psychological space, culture, personal boundaries, values, gender roles, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

Background. In today’s hectic civilization, it is very important for a person to maintain personal boundaries which help him or her keep his/her identity. Personal sovereignty (PS) is a trait that demonstrates the extent to which a person’s empirical Self is respected by his/her social environment. Whereas the genesis and correlations system of personal sovereignty in proximal relationships have been investigated widely, little is known about whether they are culturally sensitive or not. Objective. In this study, we aimed to investigate the patterns and genesis of personal sovereignty in relation to age and gender, by comparing individuals from Armenian, Chinese, and Russian cultures. Our sample consisted of 780 respondents, of whom 223 were from Armenia, 277 from China, and 280 from Russia; 367 were adolescents (Mage=13) and 413 were youth (Mage=21); there were 361 males and 419 females. Method. The “Personal Sovereignty Questionnaire–2010” was used. Results. The results suggest that culture, age, and gender all impact on the sense of personal sovereignty. Although there were no differences between cultures on the main PS score, we did find different PS patterns within all three cultures and when comparing males versus females. The PS scores in youth were higher than in adolescents, except in Armenia where the results were inverted. All age trends in PS were found in females, but not in males. Gender differences in PS within each culture were found in youth but not in adolescents. Conclusion. We discussed and explained the outcomes with reference to the specificity of the way each culture endorses traditional or secular-rational values, which values determine the prevalent attitudes towards gender roles and demands on adolescents and youth.

Published
2018
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236. Age ranges of the Tibetan ice cores with emphasis on the Chongce ice cores, western Kunlun Mountains

Author

S. Hou, T. M. Jenk, W. Zhang, C. Wang, S. Wu, Y. Wang, H. Pang, and M. Schwikowski

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

An accurate chronology is the essential first step for a sound understanding of ice core records. However, dating ice cores drilled from the high-elevation glaciers is challenging and often problematic, leading to great uncertainties. The Guliya ice core, drilled to the bedrock (308.6 m in length) along the western Kunlun Mountains on the north-western Tibetan Plateau (TP) and widely used as a benchmark for palaeoclimate research, is believed to reach > 500 ka (thousand years) at its bottom. Meanwhile other Tibetan ice cores (i.e. Dasuopu and East Rongbuk in the Himalayas, Puruogangri in the central TP and Dunde in the north-eastern TP) are mostly of Holocene origin. In this study, we drilled four ice cores into bedrock (216.6, 208.6, 135.8 and 133.8 m in length, respectively) from the Chongce ice cap ∼ 30 km to the Guliya ice core drilling site. We took measurements of 14C, 210Pb, tritium and β activity for the ice cores, and used these values in a two-parameter flow model to establish the ice core depth–age relationship. We suggested that the Chongce ice cores might be of Holocene origin, consistent with the other Tibetan ice cores except Guliya. The remarkable discrepancy between the Guliya and all the other Tibetan ice core chronology implies that more effort is necessary to explore multiple dating techniques to confirm the age ranges of the TP glaciers, including those from Chongce and Guliya.

Published
2018
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237. A new approach for GNSS tomography from a few GNSS stations

Author

N. Ding, S. Zhang, S. Wu, X. Wang, A. Kealy, and K. Zhang

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

The determination of the distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere plays an important role in the atmospheric monitoring. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) tomography can be used to construct 3-D distribution of water vapor over the field covered by a GNSS network with high temporal and spatial resolutions. In current tomographic approaches, a pre-set fixed rectangular field that roughly covers the area of the distribution of the GNSS signals on the top plane of the tomographic field is commonly used for all tomographic epochs. Due to too many unknown parameters needing to be estimated, the accuracy of the tomographic solution degrades. Another issue of these approaches is their unsuitability for GNSS networks with a low number of stations, as the shape of the field covered by the GNSS signals is, in fact, roughly that of an upside-down cone rather than the rectangular cube as the pre-set. In this study, a new approach for determination of tomographic fields fitting the real distribution of GNSS signals on different tomographic planes at different tomographic epochs and also for discretization of the tomographic fields based on the perimeter of the tomographic boundary on the plane and meshing techniques is proposed. The new approach was tested using three stations from the Hong Kong GNSS network and validated by comparing the tomographic results against radiosonde data from King's Park Meteorological Station (HKKP) during the one month period of May 2015. Results indicated that the new approach is feasible for a three-station GNSS network tomography. This is significant due to the fact that the conventional approaches cannot even solve a network tomography from a few stations.

Published
2018
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238. Sensitivity of atmospheric aerosol scavenging to precipitation intensity and frequency in the context of global climate change

Author

P. Hou, S. Wu, J. L. McCarty, and Y. Gao

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Wet deposition driven by precipitation is an important sink for atmospheric aerosols and soluble gases. We investigate the sensitivity of atmospheric aerosol lifetimes to precipitation intensity and frequency in the context of global climate change. Our sensitivity model simulations, through some simplified perturbations to precipitation in the GEOS-Chem model, show that the removal efficiency and hence the atmospheric lifetime of aerosols have significantly higher sensitivities to precipitation frequencies than to precipitation intensities, indicating that the same amount of precipitation may lead to different removal efficiencies of atmospheric aerosols. Combining the long-term trends of precipitation patterns for various regions with the sensitivities of atmospheric aerosol lifetimes to various precipitation characteristics allows us to examine the potential impacts of precipitation changes on atmospheric aerosols. Analyses based on an observational dataset show that precipitation frequencies in some regions have decreased in the past 14 years, which might increase the atmospheric aerosol lifetimes in those regions. Similar analyses based on multiple reanalysis meteorological datasets indicate that the changes of precipitation intensity and frequency over the past 30 years can lead to perturbations in the atmospheric aerosol lifetimes by 10 % or higher at the regional scale.

Published
2018
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239. Study on the influence on water ecosystem by a lake inflow filtration system

Author

S. Wu, S. Gao, X. Hu, S. Weng, and L. Guo

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Lakes play important roles in the economic-social sustainable development. However, due to unreasonable development and urbanization in recent years, lake water pollution and ecological degradation have occurred in China. The improvement of the lake inflow water quality is very important. A filtration system includes Gravel filtering system, Aquatic plant area and Ecological bag area was established. The test river is one of the typical lake inflow river and located in the river network in the Chang Dang lake, China. Water quality, zooplankton and phytoplankton in the inflow river were observed form July to mid-August in order to analyze the general process. The average removal rate of NH3-N (ammonia nitrogen) TN (total nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus) is 28.33, 25.76 and 24.43 %, respectively. The Pantle-Buck method was used to evaluate the water quality and the B∕T index was used to evaluate the nutrition situation. The B∕T values were reduced by 20 % and the SI pollution index was reduced by 11.8 %. Therefore, a positive effect on the water's ecological restoration was achieved by the filtration system.

Published
2018
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240. Calibration of Raman lidar water vapor profiles by means of AERONET photometer observations and GDAS meteorological data

Author

G. Dai, D. Althausen, J. Hofer, R. Engelmann, P. Seifert, J. Bühl, R.-E. Mamouri, S. Wu, and A. Ansmann

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

We present a practical method to continuously calibrate Raman lidar observations of water vapor mixing ratio profiles. The water vapor profile measured with the multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar PollyXT is calibrated by means of co-located AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sun photometer observations and Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) temperature and pressure profiles. This method is applied to lidar observations conducted during the Cyprus Cloud Aerosol and Rain Experiment (CyCARE) in Limassol, Cyprus. We use the GDAS temperature and pressure profiles to retrieve the water vapor density. In the next step, the precipitable water vapor from the lidar observations is used for the calibration of the lidar measurements with the sun photometer measurements. The retrieved calibrated water vapor mixing ratio from the lidar measurements has a relative uncertainty of 11 % in which the error is mainly caused by the error of the sun photometer measurements. During CyCARE, nine measurement cases with cloud-free and stable meteorological conditions are selected to calculate the precipitable water vapor from the lidar and the sun photometer observations. The ratio of these two precipitable water vapor values yields the water vapor calibration constant. The calibration constant for the PollyXT Raman lidar is 6.56 g kg−1 ± 0.72 g kg−1 (with a statistical uncertainty of 0.08 g kg−1 and an instrumental uncertainty of 0.72 g kg−1). To check the quality of the water vapor calibration, the water vapor mixing ratio profiles from the simultaneous nighttime observations with Raman lidar and Vaisala radiosonde sounding are compared. The correlation of the water vapor mixing ratios from these two instruments is determined by using all of the 19 simultaneous nighttime measurements during CyCARE. Excellent agreement with the slope of 1.01 and the R2 of 0.99 is found. One example is presented to demonstrate the full potential of a well-calibrated Raman lidar. The relative humidity profiles from lidar, GDAS (simulation) and radiosonde are compared, too. It is found that the combination of water vapor mixing ratio and GDAS temperature profiles allow us to derive relative humidity profiles with the relative uncertainty of 10–20 %.

Published
2018
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241. Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA

Author

B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, M. R. Abernathy, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, P. Addesso, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, T. Akutsu, B. Allen, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Ando, S. Appert, K. Arai, A. Araya, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, N. Arnaud, K. G. Arun, H. Asada, S. Ascenzi, G. Ashton, Y. Aso, M. Ast, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, S. Atsuta, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, A. Avila-Alvarez, K. Awai, S. Babak, P. Bacon, M. K. M. Bader, L. Baiotti, P. T. Baker, F. Baldaccini, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, J. C. Barayoga, S. E. Barclay, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, M. A. Barton, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, J. C. Batch, C. Baune, V. Bavigadda, M. Bazzan, B. Bécsy, C. Beer, M. Bejger, I. Belahcene, M. Belgin, A. S. Bell, B. K. Berger, G. Bergmann, C. P. L. Berry, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, S. Bhagwat, R. Bhandare, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, C. R. Billman, J. Birch, R. Birney, O. Birnholtz, S. Biscans, A. Bisht, M. Bitossi, C. Biwer, M. A. Bizouard, J. K. Blackburn, J. Blackman, C. D. Blair, D. G. Blair, R. M. Blair, S. Bloemen, O. Bock, M. Boer, G. Bogaert, A. Bohe, F. Bondu, R. Bonnand, B. A. Boom, R. Bork, V. Boschi, S. Bose, Y. Bouffanais, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, V. B. Braginsky, M. Branchesi, J. E. Brau, T. Briant, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, V. Brisson, P. Brockill, J. E. Broida, A. F. Brooks, D. A. Brown, D. D. Brown, N. M. Brown, S. Brunett, C. C. Buchanan, A. Buikema, T. Bulik, H. J. Bulten, A. Buonanno, D. Buskulic, C. Buy, R. L. Byer, M. Cabero, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, C. Cahillane, J. Calderón Bustillo, T. A. Callister, E. Calloni, J. B. Camp, K. C. Cannon, H. Cao, J. Cao, C. D. Capano, E. Capocasa, F. Carbognani, S. Caride, J. Casanueva Diaz, C. Casentini, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, F. Cavalier, R. Cavalieri, G. Cella, C. B. Cepeda, L. Cerboni Baiardi, G. Cerretani, E. Cesarini, S. J. Chamberlin, M. Chan, S. Chao, P. Charlton, E. Chassande-Mottin, B. D. Cheeseboro, H. Y. Chen, Y. Chen, H.-P. Cheng, A. Chincarini, A. Chiummo, T. Chmiel, H. S. Cho, M. Cho, J. H. Chow, N. Christensen, Q. Chu, A. J. K. Chua, S. Chua, S. Chung, G. Ciani, F. Clara, J. A. Clark, F. Cleva, C. Cocchieri, E. Coccia, P.-F. Cohadon, A. Colla, C. G. Collette, L. Cominsky, M. Constancio, L. Conti, S. J. Cooper, T. R. Corbitt, N. Cornish, A. Corsi, S. Cortese, C. A. Costa, M. W. Coughlin, S. B. Coughlin, J.-P. Coulon, S. T. Countryman, P. Couvares, P. B. Covas, E. E. Cowan, D. M. Coward, M. J. Cowart, D. C. Coyne, R. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, J. Cripe, S. G. Crowder, T. J. Cullen, A. Cumming, L. Cunningham, E. Cuoco, T. Dal Canton, S. L. Danilishin, S. D’Antonio, K. Danzmann, A. Dasgupta, C. F. Da Silva Costa, V. Dattilo, I. Dave, M. Davier, G. S. Davies, D. Davis, E. J. Daw, B. Day, R. Day, S. De, D. DeBra, G. Debreczeni, J. Degallaix, M. De Laurentis, S. Deléglise, W. Del Pozzo, T. Denker, T. Dent, V. Dergachev, R. De Rosa, R. T. DeRosa, R. DeSalvo, R. C. Devine, S. Dhurandhar, M. C. Díaz, L. Di Fiore, M. Di Giovanni, T. Di Girolamo, A. Di Lieto, S. Di Pace, I. Di Palma, A. Di Virgilio, Z. Doctor, K. Doi, V. Dolique, F. Donovan, K. L. Dooley, S. Doravari, I. Dorrington, R. Douglas, M. Dovale Álvarez, T. P. Downes, M. Drago, R. W. P. Drever, J. C. Driggers, Z. Du, M. Ducrot, S. E. Dwyer, K. Eda, T. B. Edo, M. C. Edwards, A. Effler, H.-B. Eggenstein, P. Ehrens, J. Eichholz, S. S. Eikenberry, R. A. Eisenstein, R. C. Essick, Z. Etienne, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. M. Evans, R. Everett, M. Factourovich, V. Fafone, H. Fair, S. Fairhurst, X. Fan, S. Farinon, B. Farr, W. M. Farr, E. J. Fauchon-Jones, M. Favata, M. Fays, H. Fehrmann, M. M. Fejer, A. Fernández Galiana, I. Ferrante, E. C. Ferreira, F. Ferrini, F. Fidecaro, I. Fiori, D. Fiorucci, R. P. Fisher, R. Flaminio, M. Fletcher, H. Fong, S. S. Forsyth, J.-D. Fournier, S. Frasca, F. Frasconi, Z. Frei, A. Freise, R. Frey, V. Frey, E. M. Fries, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, Y. Fujii, M.-K. Fujimoto, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, H. Gabbard, B. U. Gadre, S. M. Gaebel, J. R. Gair, L. Gammaitoni, S. G. Gaonkar, F. Garufi, G. Gaur, V. Gayathri, N. Gehrels, G. Gemme, E. Genin, A. Gennai, J. George, L. Gergely, V. Germain, S. Ghonge, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, S. Ghosh, J. A. Giaime, K. D. Giardina, A. Giazotto, K. Gill, A. Glaefke, E. Goetz, R. Goetz, L. Gondan, G. González, J. M. Gonzalez Castro, A. Gopakumar, M. L. Gorodetsky, S. E. Gossan, M. Gosselin, R. Gouaty, A. Grado, C. Graef, M. Granata, A. Grant, S. Gras, C. Gray, G. Greco, A. C. Green, P. Groot, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, G. M. Guidi, X. Guo, A. Gupta, M. K. Gupta, K. E. Gushwa, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, J. J. Hacker, A. Hagiwara, B. R. Hall, E. D. Hall, G. Hammond, M. Haney, M. M. Hanke, J. Hanks, C. Hanna, M. D. Hannam, J. Hanson, T. Hardwick, J. Harms, G. M. Harry, I. W. Harry, M. J. Hart, M. T. Hartman, C.-J. Haster, K. Haughian, K. Hayama, J. Healy, A. Heidmann, M. C. Heintze, H. Heitmann, P. Hello, G. Hemming, M. Hendry, I. S. Heng, J. Hennig, J. Henry, A. W. Heptonstall, M. Heurs, S. Hild, E. Hirose, D. Hoak, D. Hofman, K. Holt, D. E. Holz, P. Hopkins, J. Hough, E. A. Houston, E. J. Howell, Y. M. Hu, E. A. Huerta, D. Huet, B. Hughey, S. Husa, S. H. Huttner, T. Huynh-Dinh, N. Indik, D. R. Ingram, R. Inta, K. Ioka, H. N. Isa, J.-M. Isac, M. Isi, T. Isogai, Y. Itoh, B. R. Iyer, K. Izumi, T. Jacqmin, K. Jani, P. Jaranowski, S. Jawahar, F. Jiménez-Forteza, W. W. Johnson, D. I. Jones, R. Jones, R. J. G. Jonker, L. Ju, J. Junker, T. Kagawa, T. Kajita, M. Kakizaki, C. V. Kalaghatgi, V. Kalogera, M. Kamiizumi, N. Kanda, S. Kandhasamy, S. Kanemura, M. Kaneyama, G. Kang, J. B. Kanner, S. Karki, K. S. Karvinen, M. Kasprzack, Y. Kataoka, E. Katsavounidis, W. Katzman, S. Kaufer, T. Kaur, K. Kawabe, N. Kawai, S. Kawamura, F. Kéfélian, D. Keitel, D. B. Kelley, R. Kennedy, J. S. Key, F. Y. Khalili, I. Khan, S. Khan, Z. Khan, E. A. Khazanov, N. Kijbunchoo, C. Kim, H. Kim, J. C. Kim, J. Kim, W. Kim, Y.-M. Kim, S. J. Kimbrell, N. Kimura, E. J. King, P. J. King, R. Kirchhoff, J. S. Kissel, B. Klein, L. Kleybolte, S. Klimenko, P. Koch, S. M. Koehlenbeck, Y. Kojima, K. Kokeyama, S. Koley, K. Komori, V. Kondrashov, A. Kontos, M. Korobko, W. Z. Korth, K. Kotake, I. Kowalska, D. B. Kozak, C. Krämer, V. Kringel, B. Krishnan, A. Królak, G. Kuehn, P. Kumar, Rahul Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, L. Kuo, K. Kuroda, A. Kutynia, Y. Kuwahara, B. D. Lackey, M. Landry, R. N. Lang, J. Lange, B. Lantz, R. K. Lanza, A. Lartaux-Vollard, P. D. Lasky, M. Laxen, A. Lazzarini, C. Lazzaro, P. Leaci, S. Leavey, E. O. Lebigot, C. H. Lee, H. K. Lee, H. M. Lee, H. W. Lee, K. Lee, J. Lehmann, A. Lenon, M. Leonardi, J. R. Leong, N. Leroy, N. Letendre, Y. Levin, T. G. F. Li, A. Libson, T. B. Littenberg, J. Liu, N. A. Lockerbie, A. L. Lombardi, L. T. London, J. E. Lord, M. Lorenzini, V. Loriette, M. Lormand, G. Losurdo, J. D. Lough, C. O. Lousto, G. Lovelace, H. Lück, A. P. Lundgren, R. Lynch, Y. Ma, S. Macfoy, B. Machenschalk, M. MacInnis, D. M. Macleod, F. Magaña-Sandoval, E. Majorana, I. Maksimovic, V. Malvezzi, N. Man, V. Mandic, V. Mangano, S. Mano, G. L. Mansell, M. Manske, M. Mantovani, F. Marchesoni, M. Marchio, F. Marion, S. Márka, Z. Márka, A. S. Markosyan, E. Maros, F. Martelli, L. Martellini, I. W. Martin, D. V. Martynov, K. Mason, A. Masserot, T. J. Massinger, M. Masso-Reid, S. Mastrogiovanni, F. Matichard, L. Matone, N. Matsumoto, F. Matsushima, N. Mavalvala, N. Mazumder, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, S. McCormick, C. McGrath, S. C. McGuire, G. McIntyre, J. McIver, D. J. McManus, T. McRae, S. T. McWilliams, D. Meacher, G. D. Meadors, J. Meidam, A. Melatos, G. Mendell, D. Mendoza-Gandara, R. A. Mercer, E. L. Merilh, M. Merzougui, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, C. Messick, R. Metzdorff, P. M. Meyers, F. Mezzani, H. Miao, C. Michel, Y. Michimura, H. Middleton, E. E. Mikhailov, L. Milano, A. L. Miller, A. Miller, B. B. Miller, J. Miller, M. Millhouse, Y. Minenkov, J. Ming, S. Mirshekari, C. Mishra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, O. Miyakawa, A. Miyamoto, T. Miyamoto, S. Miyoki, A. Moggi, M. Mohan, S. R. P. Mohapatra, M. Montani, B. C. Moore, C. J. Moore, D. Moraru, G. Moreno, W. Morii, S. Morisaki, Y. Moriwaki, S. R. Morriss, B. Mours, C. M. Mow-Lowry, G. Mueller, A. W. Muir, Arunava Mukherjee, D. Mukherjee, S. Mukherjee, N. Mukund, A. Mullavey, J. Munch, E. A. M. Muniz, P. G. Murray, A. Mytidis, S. Nagano, K. Nakamura, T. Nakamura, H. Nakano, Masaya Nakano, Masayuki Nakano, K. Nakao, K. Napier, I. Nardecchia, T. Narikawa, L. Naticchioni, G. Nelemans, T. J. N. Nelson, M. Neri, M. Nery, A. Neunzert, J. M. Newport, G. Newton, T. T. Nguyen, W.-T. Ni, A. B. Nielsen, S. Nissanke, A. Nitz, A. Noack, F. Nocera, D. Nolting, M. E. N. Normandin, L. K. Nuttall, J. Oberling, E. Ochsner, E. Oelker, G. H. Ogin, J. J. Oh, S. H. Oh, M. Ohashi, N. Ohishi, M. Ohkawa, F. Ohme, K. Okutomi, M. Oliver, K. Ono, Y. Ono, K. Oohara, P. Oppermann, Richard J. Oram, B. O’Reilly, R. O’Shaughnessy, D. J. Ottaway, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, A. E. Pace, J. Page, A. Pai, S. A. Pai, J. R. Palamos, O. Palashov, C. Palomba, A. Pal-Singh, H. Pan, C. Pankow, F. Pannarale, B. C. Pant, F. Paoletti, A. Paoli, M. A. Papa, H. R. Paris, W. Parker, D. Pascucci, A. Pasqualetti, R. Passaquieti, D. Passuello, B. Patricelli, B. L. Pearlstone, M. Pedraza, R. Pedurand, L. Pekowsky, A. Pele, F. E. Peña Arellano, S. Penn, C. J. Perez, A. Perreca, L. M. Perri, H. P. Pfeiffer, M. Phelps, O. J. Piccinni, M. Pichot, F. Piergiovanni, V. Pierro, G. Pillant, L. Pinard, I. M. Pinto, M. Pitkin, M. Poe, R. Poggiani, P. Popolizio, A. Post, J. Powell, J. Prasad, J. W. W. Pratt, V. Predoi, T. Prestegard, M. Prijatelj, M. Principe, S. Privitera, G. A. Prodi, L. G. Prokhorov, O. Puncken, M. Punturo, P. Puppo, M. Pürrer, H. Qi, J. Qin, S. Qiu, V. Quetschke, E. A. Quintero, R. Quitzow-James, F. J. Raab, D. S. Rabeling, H. Radkins, P. Raffai, S. Raja, C. Rajan, M. Rakhmanov, P. Rapagnani, V. Raymond, M. Razzano, V. Re, J. Read, T. Regimbau, L. Rei, S. Reid, D. H. Reitze, H. Rew, S. D. Reyes, E. Rhoades, F. Ricci, K. Riles, M. Rizzo, N. A. Robertson, R. Robie, F. Robinet, A. Rocchi, L. Rolland, J. G. Rollins, V. J. Roma, R. Romano, J. H. Romie, D. Rosińska, S. Rowan, A. Rüdiger, P. Ruggi, K. Ryan, S. Sachdev, T. Sadecki, L. Sadeghian, N. Sago, M. Saijo, Y. Saito, K. Sakai, M. Sakellariadou, L. Salconi, M. Saleem, F. Salemi, A. Samajdar, L. Sammut, L. M. Sampson, E. J. Sanchez, V. Sandberg, J. R. Sanders, Y. Sasaki, B. Sassolas, B. S. Sathyaprakash, S. Sato, T. Sato, P. R. Saulson, O. Sauter, R. L. Savage, A. Sawadsky, P. Schale, J. Scheuer, E. Schmidt, J. Schmidt, P. Schmidt, R. Schnabel, R. M. S. Schofield, A. Schönbeck, E. Schreiber, D. Schuette, B. F. Schutz, S. G. Schwalbe, J. Scott, S. M. Scott, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Sekiguchi, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, D. Sentenac, V. Sequino, A. Sergeev, Y. Setyawati, D. A. Shaddock, T. J. Shaffer, M. S. Shahriar, B. Shapiro, P. Shawhan, A. Sheperd, M. Shibata, Y. Shikano, T. Shimoda, A. Shoda, D. H. Shoemaker, D. M. Shoemaker, K. Siellez, X. Siemens, M. Sieniawska, D. Sigg, A. D. Silva, A. Singer, L. P. Singer, A. Singh, R. Singh, A. Singhal, A. M. Sintes, B. J. J. Slagmolen, B. Smith, J. R. Smith, R. J. E. Smith, K. Somiya, E. J. Son, B. Sorazu, F. Sorrentino, T. Souradeep, A. P. Spencer, A. K. Srivastava, A. Staley, M. Steinke, J. Steinlechner, S. Steinlechner, D. Steinmeyer, B. C. Stephens, S. P. Stevenson, R. Stone, K. A. Strain, N. Straniero, G. Stratta, S. E. Strigin, R. Sturani, A. L. Stuver, Y. Sugimoto, T. Z. Summerscales, L. Sun, S. Sunil, P. J. Sutton, T. Suzuki, B. L. Swinkels, M. J. Szczepańczyk, M. Tacca, H. Tagoshi, S. Takada, H. Takahashi, R. Takahashi, A. Takamori, D. Talukder, H. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, T. Tanaka, D. B. Tanner, M. Tápai, A. Taracchini, D. Tatsumi, R. Taylor, S. Telada, T. Theeg, E. G. Thomas, M. Thomas, P. Thomas, K. A. Thorne, E. Thrane, T. Tippens, S. Tiwari, V. Tiwari, K. V. Tokmakov, K. Toland, T. Tomaru, C. Tomlinson, M. Tonelli, Z. Tornasi, C. I. Torrie, D. Töyrä, F. Travasso, G. Traylor, D. Trifirò, J. Trinastic, M. C. Tringali, L. Trozzo, M. Tse, R. Tso, K. Tsubono, T. Tsuzuki, M. Turconi, D. Tuyenbayev, T. Uchiyama, T. Uehara, S. Ueki, K. Ueno, D. Ugolini, C. S. Unnikrishnan, A. L. Urban, T. Ushiba, S. A. Usman, H. Vahlbruch, G. Vajente, G. Valdes, N. van Bakel, M. van Beuzekom, J. F. J. van den Brand, C. Van Den Broeck, D. C. Vander-Hyde, L. van der Schaaf, J. V. van Heijningen, M. H. P. M. van Putten, A. A. van Veggel, M. Vardaro, V. Varma, S. Vass, M. Vasúth, A. Vecchio, G. Vedovato, J. Veitch, P. J. Veitch, K. Venkateswara, G. Venugopalan, D. Verkindt, F. Vetrano, A. Viceré, A. D. Viets, S. Vinciguerra, D. J. Vine, J.-Y. Vinet, S. Vitale, T. Vo, H. Vocca, C. Vorvick, D. V. Voss, W. D. Vousden, S. P. Vyatchanin, A. R. Wade, L. E. Wade, M. Wade, T. Wakamatsu, M. Walker, L. Wallace, S. Walsh, G. Wang, H. Wang, M. Wang, Y. Wang, R. L. Ward, J. Warner, M. Was, J. Watchi, B. Weaver, L.-W. Wei, M. Weinert, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, L. Wen, P. Weßels, T. Westphal, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, B. F. Whiting, C. Whittle, D. Williams, R. D. Williams, A. R. Williamson, J. L. Willis, B. Willke, M. H. Wimmer, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, H. Wittel, G. Woan, J. Woehler, J. Worden, J. L. Wright, D. S. Wu, G. Wu, W. Yam, H. Yamamoto, K. Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, C. C. Yancey, K. Yano, M. J. Yap, J. Yokoyama, T. Yokozawa, T. H. Yoon, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, H. Yuzurihara, M. Yvert, A. Zadrożny, L. Zangrando, M. Zanolin, S. Zeidler, J.-P. Zendri, M. Zevin, L. Zhang, M. Zhang, T. Zhang, Y. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhou, Z. Zhou, S. J. Zhu, X. J. Zhu, M. E. Zucker, J. Zweizig, and KAGRA Collaboration, LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration

Subjects
Gravitational waves, Gravitational-wave detectors, Electromagnetic counterparts, Data analysis, Atomic physics. Constitution and properties of matter, QC170-197
Abstract

Abstract We present possible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals, and study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source. We report our findings for gravitational-wave transients, with particular focus on gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary neutron star systems, which are the most promising targets for multi-messenger astronomy. The ability to localize the sources of the detected signals depends on the geographical distribution of the detectors and their relative sensitivity, and $$90\%$$ 90% credible regions can be as large as thousands of square degrees when only two sensitive detectors are operational. Determining the sky position of a significant fraction of detected signals to areas of 5–$$20~\mathrm {deg}^2$$ 20deg2 requires at least three detectors of sensitivity within a factor of $$\sim 2$$ ∼2 of each other and with a broad frequency bandwidth. When all detectors, including KAGRA and the third LIGO detector in India, reach design sensitivity, a significant fraction of gravitational-wave signals will be localized to a few square degrees by gravitational-wave observations alone.

Published
2018
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242. A Method Based on the Theory of Small Reflections to Design Arbitrary Passband Microstrip Filters

Author

Y. Yuan, W. Wu, W. Yuan, S. Wu, and N. Yuan

Subjects
Theory of Small Reflections, reflection coefficient, broadband filter, dual-band filter, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

A method to design a kind of microstrip filters consisting of only opened stubs and shorted stubs is proposed in this paper. This method is based on the Theory of Small Reflections, and the equations to calculate dimensions of this type of filters is exhibited. Two filters developed by our method are simulated and fabricated. The first filter has a passband on 5~8GHz. The second one is a dual-band filter and can work on both 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz. By using our method, the designed filters only contain opened stubs and shorted stubs, therefore, it is easy to design and fabricate this type of filters. The comparison between calculated and measured reflection coefficient curves shows a satisfactory fitting degree, this manifestation verifies that the method in our paper has a good application in filter design. The position of transmission zeros about the second filter are investigated. All the results show that our method can be a good guidance in microstrip filter design.

Published
2018

243. Airborne measurements of CO2 column concentrations made with a pulsed IPDA lidar using a multiple-wavelength-locked laser and HgCdTe APD detector

Author

J. B. Abshire, A. K. Ramanathan, H. Riris, G. R. Allan, X. Sun, W. E. Hasselbrack, J. Mao, S. Wu, J. Chen, K. Numata, S. R. Kawa, M. Y. M. Yang, and J. DiGangi

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

Here we report on measurements made with an improved CO2 Sounder lidar during the ASCENDS 2014 and 2016 airborne campaigns. The changes made to the 2011 version of the lidar included incorporating a rapidly wavelength-tunable, step-locked seed laser in the transmitter, using a much more sensitive HgCdTe APD detector and using an analog digitizer with faster readout time in the receiver. We also improved the lidar's calibration approach and the XCO2 retrieval algorithm. The 2014 and 2016 flights were made over several types of topographic surfaces from 3 to 12 km aircraft altitudes in the continental US. The results are compared to the XCO2 values computed from an airborne in situ sensor during spiral-down maneuvers. The 2014 results show significantly better performance and include measurement of horizontal gradients in XCO2 made over the Midwestern US that agree with chemistry transport models. The results from the 2016 airborne lidar retrievals show precisions of ∼ 0.7 parts per million (ppm) with 1 s averaging over desert surfaces, which is an improvement of about 8 times compared to similar measurements made in 2011. Measurements in 2016 were also made over fresh snow surfaces that have lower surface reflectance at the laser wavelengths. The results from both campaigns showed that the mean values of XCO2 retrieved from the lidar consistently agreed with those based on the in situ sensor to within 1 ppm. The improved precision and accuracy demonstrated in the 2014 and 2016 flights should benefit future airborne science campaigns and advance the technique's readiness for a space-based instrument.

Published
2018
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245. Shipborne Wind Measurement and Motion-induced Error Correction of a Coherent Doppler Lidar over the Yellow Sea in 2014

Author

X. Zhai, S. Wu, B. Liu, X. Song, and J. Yin

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

Shipborne wind observations by a coherent Doppler lidar (CDL) have been conducted to study the structure of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) during the 2014 Yellow Sea campaign. This paper evaluates uncertainties associated with the ship motion and presents the correction methodology regarding lidar velocity measurement based on modified 4-Doppler beam swing (DBS) solution. The errors of calibrated measurement, both for the anchored and the cruising shipborne observations, are comparable to those of ground-based measurements. The comparison between the lidar and radiosonde results in a bias of −0.23 ms−1 and a standard deviation of 0.87 ms−1 for the wind speed measurement, and 2.48, 8.84° for the wind direction. The biases of horizontal wind speed and random errors of vertical velocity are also estimated using the error propagation theory and frequency spectrum analysis, respectively. The results show that the biases are mainly related to the measuring error of the ship velocity and lidar pointing error, and the random errors are mainly determined by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the lidar backscattering spectrum signal. It allows for the retrieval of vertical wind, based on one measurement, with random error below 0.15 ms−1 for an appropriate SNR threshold and bias below 0.02 ms−1. The combination of the CDL attitude correction system and the accurate motion correction process has the potential of continuous long-term high temporal and spatial resolution measurement for the MABL thermodynamic and turbulence process.

Published
2018
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246. Compression molding of reused in-process waste – effects of material and process factors

Author

M.-S. Wu, T. Centea, and S. R. Nutt

Subjects
Carbon fibers, recycling, voids, mechanical properties, Polymers and polymer manufacture, TP1080-1185, Automation, T59.5
Abstract

Effective strategies for the reuse and recycling of in-process prepreg waste are needed to reduce economic and environmental costs. In this paper, we investigate the compression molding of prepreg waste converted into scrap “chips” (or strands). Material is randomly distributed within a lab-scale closed mold and cured with control of temperature and pressure. Material properties and process parameters such as chip geometry, fiber bed reinforcement, resin state, and cure cycle are varied and shown to influence porosity and thickness. These experiments clarify the phenomena governing microstructural quality and identify manufacturing pathways for high-quality parts. In addition, mechanical properties are measured for laminates with high and low defect levels. The study demonstrates the viability of prepreg reuse. Furthermore, the resulting insights provide a basis for practical science-based optimization of the reuse of production prepreg waste.

Published
2018
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247. Regression-based season-ahead drought prediction for southern Peru conditioned on large-scale climate variables

Author

E. Mortensen, S. Wu, M. Notaro, S. Vavrus, R. Montgomery, J. De Piérola, C. Sánchez, and P. Block

Subjects
Technology, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Located at a complex topographic, climatic, and hydrologic crossroads, southern Peru is a semiarid region that exhibits high spatiotemporal variability in precipitation. The economic viability of the region hinges on this water, yet southern Peru is prone to water scarcity caused by seasonal meteorological drought. Meteorological droughts in this region are often triggered during El Niño episodes; however, other large-scale climate mechanisms also play a noteworthy role in controlling the region's hydrologic cycle. An extensive season-ahead precipitation prediction model is developed to help bolster the existing capacity of stakeholders to plan for and mitigate deleterious impacts of drought. In addition to existing climate indices, large-scale climatic variables, such as sea surface temperature, are investigated to identify potential drought predictors. A principal component regression framework is applied to 11 potential predictors to produce an ensemble forecast of regional January–March precipitation totals. Model hindcasts of 51 years, compared to climatology and another model conditioned solely on an El Niño–Southern Oscillation index, achieve notable skill and perform better for several metrics, including ranked probability skill score and a hit–miss statistic. The information provided by the developed model and ancillary modeling efforts, such as extending the lead time of and spatially disaggregating precipitation predictions to the local level as well as forecasting the number of wet–dry days per rainy season, may further assist regional stakeholders and policymakers in preparing for drought.

Published
2018
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248. Atmospheric histories and emissions of chlorofluorocarbons CFC-13 (CClF3), ΣCFC-114 (C2Cl2F4), and CFC-115 (C2ClF5)

Author

M. K. Vollmer, D. Young, C. M. Trudinger, J. Mühle, S. Henne, M. Rigby, S. Park, S. Li, M. Guillevic, B. Mitrevski, C. M. Harth, B. R. Miller, S. Reimann, B. Yao, L. P. Steele, S. A. Wyss, C. R. Lunder, J. Arduini, A. McCulloch, S. Wu, T. S. Rhee, R. H. J. Wang, P. K. Salameh, O. Hermansen, M. Hill, R. L. Langenfelds, D. Ivy, S. O'Doherty, P. B. Krummel, M. Maione, D. M. Etheridge, L. Zhou, P. J. Fraser, R. G. Prinn, R. F. Weiss, and P. G. Simmonds

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Based on observations of the chlorofluorocarbons CFC-13 (chlorotrifluoromethane), ΣCFC-114 (combined measurement of both isomers of dichlorotetrafluoroethane), and CFC-115 (chloropentafluoroethane) in atmospheric and firn samples, we reconstruct records of their tropospheric histories spanning nearly 8 decades. These compounds were measured in polar firn air samples, in ambient air archived in canisters, and in situ at the AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment) network and affiliated sites. Global emissions to the atmosphere are derived from these observations using an inversion based on a 12-box atmospheric transport model. For CFC-13, we provide the first comprehensive global analysis. This compound increased monotonically from its first appearance in the atmosphere in the late 1950s to a mean global abundance of 3.18 ppt (dry-air mole fraction in parts per trillion, pmol mol−1) in 2016. Its growth rate has decreased since the mid-1980s but has remained at a surprisingly high mean level of 0.02 ppt yr−1 since 2000, resulting in a continuing growth of CFC-13 in the atmosphere. ΣCFC-114 increased from its appearance in the 1950s to a maximum of 16.6 ppt in the early 2000s and has since slightly declined to 16.3 ppt in 2016. CFC-115 increased monotonically from its first appearance in the 1960s and reached a global mean mole fraction of 8.49 ppt in 2016. Growth rates of all three compounds over the past years are significantly larger than would be expected from zero emissions. Under the assumption of unchanging lifetimes and atmospheric transport patterns, we derive global emissions from our measurements, which have remained unexpectedly high in recent years: mean yearly emissions for the last decade (2007–2016) of CFC-13 are at 0.48 ± 0.15 kt yr−1 (> 15 % of past peak emissions), of ΣCFC-114 at 1.90 ± 0.84 kt yr−1 (∼ 10 % of peak emissions), and of CFC-115 at 0.80 ± 0.50 kt yr−1 (> 5 % of peak emissions). Mean yearly emissions of CFC-115 for 2015–2016 are 1.14 ± 0.50 kt yr−1 and have doubled compared to the 2007–2010 minimum. We find CFC-13 emissions from aluminum smelters but if extrapolated to global emissions, they cannot account for the lingering global emissions determined from the atmospheric observations. We find impurities of CFC-115 in the refrigerant HFC-125 (CHF2CF3) but if extrapolated to global emissions, they can neither account for the lingering global CFC-115 emissions determined from the atmospheric observations nor for their recent increases. We also conduct regional inversions for the years 2012–2016 for the northeastern Asian area using observations from the Korean AGAGE site at Gosan and find significant emissions for ΣCFC-114 and CFC-115, suggesting that a large fraction of their global emissions currently occur in northeastern Asia and more specifically on the Chinese mainland.

Published
2018
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