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A 2-year-old child became cyanosed and apnoeic while having a febrile convulsion. The child’s mother, who had previously undertaken Basic Life Support (BLS) training, noticed the bluish discolouration of the child’s lips. She was concerned that this had …

Optical absorption and XPS analyses have shown that titania Q-state particles (

One of the general requirements of a computer-aided design system is the existence of efficient (in data size and running time) algorithms that are generally reliable for the broadest range of design instances. The restricted data formats of the electron-beam machines impose difficulties in developing algorithms for the design of diffractive optical elements (DOE's) and computer-generated holograms (CGH's). Issues that are related to the development of CGH algorithms for e-beam fabrication of DOE's and CGH's are discussed. We define the problems the CGH algorithms need to solve, then introduce general curve drawing algorithms for the e-beam data generation of diffractive optical components. An efficient algorithm for general aspherical DOE's is proposed. Actual design and fabrication examples are also presented.

We demonstrate polarization-selective computer-generated holograms with independent phase profiles for the two orthogonal linear polarizations. The holograms are made of two surface-relief-etched birefringent substrates joined face to face. We describe their design and fabrication and present experimental results for dual binary-phase computer-generated holograms fabricated in lithium niobate. The first-order diffraction efficiency varied from 6% to 25%, with as much as 40:1 contrast between polarizations. Such elements can be used in compact optoelectronic systems or combined with electro-optic polarization rotators to make electrically controlled optical elements.

DUST levels were measured by vertical elutriators in 12 cotton gins in the San Joaquin Valley of Califor-nia during the 1978 ginning season. Effects of cotton processing rate, gin location in the Valley, and harvest date on gin interior dust levels were tested. Processing rate increased interior dust levels by 0.03 mg/m3/bale/h. Valley location or harvest date had no effect on gin inter-ior dust levels. Interior dust level concentrations ranged from 0.38 to 1.41 mg/m3 and averaged 0.74 mg/m3. It was shown that data from vertical elutriators had a 50-percent chance of varying by 0.03 mg/m3 when repeated samples were taken at the same location.

Aeromagnetic mapping of the English River gneissic belt (northwestern Ontario) reveals a pattern of sinuous east–west trending anomalies that help distinguish the gneissic belt from the more typical Archean metavolcanic–plutonic terrain. To study the significance of the pattern, a ground follow-up study was made where Lac Seul provides good access and outcrop. Field work consisted of (1) magnetometer profiling on the lake; (2) detailed searching for outcrop of anomaly-causing material and sampling; and (3) regional geological mapping and sampling. Thin section studies and physical property measurements were made in the laboratory as well as an interpretative study of the aeromagnetics using an "apparent susceptibility" data transformation.The main results are: (1) metamorphism is in upper amphibolite to granulite facies; (2) on average, rocks of the area have higher susceptibilities than are typical of the metavolcanic–plutonic regions; (3) the aeromagnetic anomalies are caused by bands of pyroxene–amphibolite gneiss; (4) the study area may be interpreted as a volcanic and sedimentary sequence deformed into a large, east–west striking, nearly isoclinal fold structure which has been intruded and highly metamorphosed; and (5) aeromagnetic data can be used to extend and complete geological mapping in the area.

A crustal scalar magnetic anomaly map of Canada and the northern United States is derived using data collected from the MAGSAT satellite. The anomalies are correlated to geological features. Basins associated with failed arms of old rifts have high magnetic anomalies. The Rocky Mountains, the Appalachian Mountains, the suture zone of the Grenville province, modern hotspots and ocean ridges have low magnetic anomalies.

Surface pressure-area (π- A ) isotherms of 12-(1-pyrenyl)dodecanoic acid (PDA), alone, and in mixed films with eicosanol, on pure water and basic subphases, were measured concomitantly with the emission spectra of the film at various stages of compression. On a pure water subphase certain portions of the π- A curves could be clearly correlated with the formation of aggregates, primarily composed by PDA molecules. The main driving force for aggregate formation we attribute to hydrogen bonding between the carboxylic moieties of the PDA. Adjustment of the subphase pH such that the carboxylic groups are ionised leads to a large reduction in the degree of PDA aggregation which is seen by a distinct change in the profile of the π- A curves and more clearly by a dramatic reduction in the amount of pyrene excimer emission from the film.

Single Comb White Leghorn (S.C.W.L.) and Dark Cornish semen was X-irradiated with 1000 r. and introduced into S.C.W.L. hens to produce S.C.W.L. and crossbred chicks. The irradiation reduced the fertilizing capacity of the semen about 25 percent and the hatchability of the embryos about 38 percent. Semen of the two breeds was affected differently since there was much less alteration of embryonic development among purebred, S.C.W.L. chicks than among Cornish-sired crossbreds. As is typical, crossbred chicks gained weight faster than purebred S.C.W.L. irrespective of radiation damage. After irradiation, live weight was 4 percent less at 16 weeks of age for the crossbreds but no substantial effect on growth was evident for the S.C.W.L., although they were significantly heavier at hatching in the irradiated population. The rate of egg production in the first 30 days declined 15 percent under pressure from the irradiation damage. The distribution, as well as the frequency, of embryonic mortalities changed after parental semen irradiation. The majority of embryonic deaths occurred during the first 6 days of incubation with a coincidental decrease in the proportion of deaths occurring late during incubation. Posthatching mortalities were not affected for S.C.W.L. but were doubled for Cornish up to 16 weeks old.

Dosage rapide et quantitatif du phtalate par la methode couplee chromatographie capillaire en phase gazeuse-spectrometrie de masse utilisant un controle ionique selectif avec des techniques de dilution isotopique

The emission spectrum of N-(5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl)dihexadecylamine (dansyldihexadecylamine) in monolayers at the air-water interface has been studied. In some cases sudden shifts in the dansyl emission can be correlated with particular features of the surface pressure-area isotherms. These spectral shifts can be explained in terms of a change in the conformation of the head group on the surface and with aggregation of the dansyldihexadecylamine. In other cases the dansyl emission shows a blue shift with increasing compression that can be associated with reduced head-group hydration.

A methodology for sampling dust levels in cotton gins with vertical elutriators was developed and used successfully in 12 cotton gins located in the San Joaquin Valley of California during the 1978 ginning season in coordination with an independent medical survey of respiratory functions in cotton gin workers to determine the response of cotton-gin workers to cotton dust. The USDA had complete control over dust-survey sites and schedules. The effects of variables such as weather, cotton fires, processing interruptions, and the structural variations of the cotton gins, themselves, on the sampling program are discussed. Average interior dust concentration was 0.74 mg/m3, with a range of 0.38 to 1.41 mg/m3.

If genetic and environmental effects upon a quantitative phenotype X=G+E are normally and independently distributed then the probability distribution of genetic value G among individuals of fixed phenotypic value X is likewise a normal distribution. The mean of this a posteriori distribution of genetic values is \(\bar g\)+h2 (X−\(\bar g\)) and the variance is σg2(1−h2), where \(\bar g\) is the a priori mean of X, h2 is the heritability ratio, and σg2is genetic variance. For any fixed values of h2 and σg2the a posteriori probability that the genetic value G associated with a given phenotype X exceeds the population mean by any specified amount can therefore be read directly from the tables of the standard normal distribution. The expected proportion of these superior genetic deviates among individuals whose phenotypic value exceeds some specified constant may also be calculated (by numerical analysis) and is presented here in graphical form.

Response curves of CO2 were determined for Beckman ir gas analyzers (models 215 and 315A) by adding small, measured amounts of CO2 to a large volume of circulating N2. We deduce a mathematical model for the response curves, estimate their parameters from our data, and comment on the role of this model in computer processing of masses of data resulting from such instruments. Close agreement between our experimental and theoretical results suggest that our model and approach should apply to similar instruments.

Any matrix G which satisfies $AGA = A$ is a generalized inverse of A. Unless A is square and nonsingular, G is not unique. This paper presents two characterizations of the lack of uniqueness of G: (i) in terms of a relation among elements of G and (ii) in terms of any other generalized inverse of A. The first characterization provides results concerning the rank and symmetry of G; the latter characterization provides an alternate form for the general solution to the consistent equations ${\bf Ax} = {\bf y}$, i.e., as G varies over all matrices satisfying $AGA = A$ then ${\bf x} = {\bf Gy}$ generates all solutions to ${\bf Ax} = {\bf y}$ provided ${\bf y} \ne 0$.

This is a report on a patient injured when an interstate bus overturned. The mechanism of injury is detailed and the secondary factors that resulted in the injury are discussed. Ways in which similar injuries could be prevented are put forward. An urgent plea is made for a more rational approach to the use of restraint mechanisms for bus passengers.

When a treatment influences both the primary response and the covariate, a standard analysis of covariance may misrepresent the real treatment effect by adjusting out that part of the effect which is manifest in the covariate. What parametric function should we examine if the treatments influence the covariate? An informative analysis would let the complete effects of the levels emerge, yet permit the effects to be adjusted to some standard conditions. To satisfy these requirements when the treatments have only one factor, treatment means should be adjusted to covariate values determined externally from the data. If instead the treatment structure has at least two factors, say columns and rows, which, respectively, affect and do not affect the covariate, an interpretable adjustment procedure would involve the response means in each column being adjusted to the column mean of the covariate. This change alters the computations of covariance, so the proposed analysis cannot easily be accommodated by widely-available computer packages. An example concerns beef cattle from various herds which are fed several diets. Herds influence initial weight, which is the covariate, but diets cannot affect the covariate.

Optical interconnects are an important feature of many optical computing architectures. For systems that have an input plane of multiprocessors with sources or modulators and an output plane of multiprocessors with detectors, computer-generated holograms (CGHs) can be used to provide many interconnection topologies. E-beam fabricated CGHs that perform one-to-one interconnection (such as shuffle exchange), as well as CGHs for interconnections with large fan-out (such as a large-N hypercube) are presented.

In this paper we discuss two "real-time" (turn around times of a few seconds up to a minute) systems for display of three dimensional computer data using computer generated holograms. In one system the computer generated hologram is written on a high-resolution CRT in contact with a liquid crystal light valve. The liquid crystal light valve modulates a coherent, collimated, polarized readout beam with the data that is displayed on the CRT. The modulated beam is then used to reconstruct the object that had been encoded in the hologram on the CRT. In the second system the computer generated hologram that had been displayed on the CRT is imaged and recorded on a thermoplastic plate. The developed thermoplastic plate can then be used to reconstruct the object with a coherent beam.

ATLASGAL is a 870-mircon dust survey of 420 square degrees of the inner Galactic plane and has been used to identify ~10 000 dense molecular clumps. Dedicated follow-up observations and complementary surveys are used to characterise the physical properties of these clumps, map their Galactic distribution and investigate the evolutionary sequence for high-mass star formation. The analysis of the ATLASGAL data is ongoing: we present an up-to-date version of the catalogue. We have classified 5007 clumps into four evolutionary stages (quiescent, protostellar, young stellar objects and HII regions) and find similar numbers of clumps in each stage, suggesting a similar lifetime. The luminosity-to-mass (L/M) ratio curve shows a smooth distribution with no significant kinks or discontinuities when compared to the mean values for evolutionary stages indicating that the star-formation process is continuous and that the observational stages do not represent fundamentally different stages or changes in the physical mechanisms involved. We compare the evolutionary sample with other star-formation tracers (methanol and water masers, extended green objects and molecular outflows) and find that the association rates with these increases as a function of evolutionary stage, confirming that our classification is reliable. This also reveals a high association rate between quiescent sources and molecular outflows, revealing that outflows are the earliest indication that star formation has begun and that star formation is already ongoing in many of the clumps that are dark even at 70 micron., Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Consists of 20 pages, 15 figures, 8 table. The complete tables will be available from CDS and upon request

The fluorescence quenching of a lipoidal pyrene derivative, by two amphiphilic quenchers, at the air-water interface, has been studied by steady-state and time-resolved methods. The results have been analyzed in the theoretical framework of diffusion-controlled quenching in a two-dimensional environment to yield the mutual lateral diffusion coefficients. © 1991, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Hypoxia during sleep and exercise may occur in an important number of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Despite its recognition, no clear definition for hypoxia in CF exists, and nor do guidelines for commencing oxygen therapy. CF patients with hypoxia may have increased pulmonary artery pressure, reduced exercise ability, and skeletal muscle strength, and most importantly of all worse sleep quality, and a worse quality of life. Laboratory and rodent evidence exists to suggest that hypoxia may contribute to the decline in lung function in CF by upregulating lung inflammation, and encouraging growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most important pathogen associated with CF lung disease. The effects of hypoxia in childhood CF need to be fully studied, and a potential expanded role for oxygen as therapy in CF may be worthy of exploration.

The total magnetic field of the earth over Canada and the northern United States is sampled along individual orbits (passes) of the magnetometer satellite (Magsat) on the basis of data extracted from the Magsat chronicle tapes. The main magnetic field at a given sample point is calculated using the main field model by Langel et al. (1982a) and then subtracted from the sampled value. The external magnetic field contribution is partially removed by a quadratic function fitted to each individual pass. The resulting magnetic residuals are resampled at 55 by 55 km grid points on an equal-area projection and subsequently contoured. The dawn passes yield a magnetic map that is different than the dusk passes, implying that the remaining external magnetic field component has a dawn-dusk asymmetry. The component is further suppressed by applying a band-pass filter in the frequency domain. The magnetic anomaly map derived by averaging the dawn and the dusk band-pass-filtered maps shows the main features seen on the aeromagnetic maps of Canada and the United States. The map also shows that the Appalachian and the Cordilleran orogens and the Grenville-Superior suture zone are magnetically low regions, whereas the craton basins such as the Michigan, the Thelon, and the NE British Columbia Basin are magnetically high areas.

Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems that have been developed for electrical and mechanical design tasks are also effective tools for the process of designing Computer Generated Holograms (CGHs), particularly when these holograms are to be fabricated using electron beam lithography. CAD workstations provide efficient and convenient means of computing, storing, displaying, and preparing for fabrication many of the features that are common to CGH designs. Experience gained in the process of designing CGHs with various types of encoding methods is presented. Suggestions are made so that future workstations may further accommodate the CGH design process.

form. In any case this Unknowable plays the part of a 'sleeping partner,' so that the reverence otherwise given to it may be transferred to the world in its concreteness and its totality,-the result being pantheism in its naturalistic form. The whole tendency we have just been considering, might be described as the underpinning of empiricism by religion. Empiricism suffers normally from being irreligious and pluralistic. Pantheism covers over these defects, and thus widens the appeal of empiricism to human nature. The latter becomes more respectable and more orthodox by taking on a religious and mystical guise. It is of course a further question whether this religious dressing of mechanical conceptions may not make their paralyzing effect more deadly, and allow the practical application to life of theories which might otherwise have remained merely speculative and so comparatively